Integrated pyrolysis treatment device, method and photovoltaic module recycling equipment thereof

Abstract

The application provides an integrated pyrolysis treatment device, a method and photovoltaic module recycling equipment, the pyrolysis efficiency of the to-be-treated object is high, uniformity is good, pyrolysis effect consistency is good, energy consumption is low, cost is low, and the generation of dioxin is fundamentally inhibited.The integrated pyrolysis treatment device comprises a pyrolysis incinerator, a transmission mechanism and a heat exchange mechanism, and the pyrolysis incinerator comprises a furnace body, a hearth formed in the internal space of the furnace body, a pyrolysis zone, a porous medium structure and an incineration zone arranged in the hearth from bottom to top in sequence.The to-be-treated object is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis zone to generate pyrolysis gas.The porous medium structure comprises a plurality of porous medium pipes, the porous medium pipes can release combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is filtered and combusted on the outer surface of the porous medium pipes to form stable filtered combustion flames and generate flue gas.The flue gas enters the upper incineration zone upward, and the flue gas is fully combusted in the incineration zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid waste pyrolysis treatment technology, and in particular to an integrated pyrolysis treatment device, method and photovoltaic module recycling equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the global photovoltaic industry, the first batch of grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are gradually reaching their designed service life, and the scale of decommissioned photovoltaic modules is increasing year by year. Their harmless disposal and resource recycling have become a core necessity for the closed-loop development of the entire photovoltaic industry chain. Waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are mainly composed of junction boxes, aluminum frames, glass, encapsulant films (EVA, PVB, etc.), solar cells, backsheets / back glass, etc., of which organic components account for 10% to 15%. If traditional landfill or extensive incineration methods are used for disposal, it will not only waste valuable resources, but also bring environmental risks such as organic pollution and fluoride emissions.

[0003] Pyrolysis incineration is suitable for removing organic pollutants from municipal solid waste, electronic waste, and other organic solid waste. Pyrolysis, under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions, converts organic components (such as membranes and backing plates) in the waste into pyrolysis gas, tar, and solid residues. The pyrolysis gas is then subjected to aerobic high-temperature incineration to completely remove the organic pollutants. Based on the composition of the waste, the process achieves the removal of organic components, the separation of different materials, and the recovery of precious metals or combustible products.

[0004] In existing technologies, such as Chinese patent CN121539804A (one-step pyrolysis incineration treatment method and apparatus), an integrated structure is achieved where the pyrolysis zone and the gas-phase combustion zone are directly connected vertically without intermediate conveying. An upward dominant airflow is formed by air distribution through a grille located approximately 300mm above the grate, effectively reducing fly ash and dioxin generation. However, in actual operation and large-scale engineering applications, this technology still has the following shortcomings: First, when processing large solid waste items such as photovoltaic modules (1-2 meters), large-area electronic waste, and wind turbine blades, the heat capacity is high, the heating rate is low, and the heating temperature is uneven. This is especially true for large solid waste items with glass, such as photovoltaic modules, where the low thermal conductivity of glass means heat transfer from the surface to the interior takes a long time, resulting in an even lower heating rate. Existing technologies use air distribution grilles with large spacing and numerous grilles, leading to poor uniformity of air distribution across the entire furnace width and requiring improvement in the consistency of pyrolysis results. The air distribution grilles above the pyrolysis zone blow air upwards to the combustion zone, preventing backflow of combustion gases into the pyrolysis zone. Therefore, very little heat from the combustion zone radiates into the pyrolysis zone, which is primarily heated using electric heating rods and other heating equipment.

[0005] Secondly, for large or thick solid waste containing glass, the low heat absorption and conduction efficiency of glass makes it difficult to conduct heat from thicker solid waste. Relying solely on radiant heating from the upper combustion zone and a small amount of convection heating is insufficient. Furthermore, the gas flame emissivity in the combustion zone is low, and the glass carries away a significant amount of sensible heat when leaving the pyrolysis furnace, wasting thermal energy. Using an external secondary combustion chamber to supplement natural gas for waste gas treatment results in high energy consumption and cost. Currently, large mesh belt pyrolysis furnaces still require nitrogen as a protective atmosphere, which is also costly.

[0006] Third, there is the issue of airflow disturbance: existing technologies use air distribution grids, which introduce airflow disturbance. This disturbance can cause excess air to flow back into the pyrolysis zone, disrupting the oxygen-free environment required for pyrolysis. Furthermore, some dust can be carried into the upper incineration zone. Since dioxins are primarily formed on the surface of the dust, there is a risk of secondary dioxin synthesis.

[0007] In view of this, this application provides an integrated pyrolysis treatment device, method and photovoltaic module recycling equipment, which has high pyrolysis efficiency, good uniformity and consistent pyrolysis effect, low energy consumption and low cost, and fundamentally inhibits the formation of dioxins. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide an integrated pyrolysis treatment device, method and photovoltaic module recycling equipment, which has high pyrolysis efficiency, good uniformity and consistent pyrolysis effect on the material to be treated, low energy consumption and low cost, and fundamentally inhibits the formation of dioxins.

[0009] A first aspect of this application provides an integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus, including a pyrolysis incinerator, a conveying mechanism, and a heat exchange mechanism, wherein the pyrolysis incinerator includes: The furnace body, the furnace chamber formed by the internal space of the furnace body, and the pyrolysis zone, porous media structure and combustion zone arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the furnace chamber; In the pyrolysis zone, the material to be processed undergoes pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis gas. The porous media structure includes multiple porous media tubes, which can release combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is filtered and burned on the outer surface of the porous media tubes to form a stable filtered combustion flame and generate flue gas. The flue gas rises into the upper combustion zone, where it is fully combusted.

[0010] In some embodiments, the radiant heat generated by the filtered combustion flame is transferred downwards to the pyrolysis zone, providing a heat source for pyrolysis.

[0011] In some implementations, when the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only the combustion-supporting gas is introduced into the porous medium pipe, and the pyrolysis gas is directly used as fuel for filtration and combustion.

[0012] In some embodiments, the stable upward flow of flue gas generated by the filtered combustion naturally isolates the pyrolysis zone from the air introduced into the incineration zone, thereby maintaining an oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere in the pyrolysis zone at all times.

[0013] In some embodiments, the apparent velocity (also known as the empty tower velocity) of the gas-supporting and / or combustible gas released outward from the porous media tube at the outer surface of the porous media tube is 0.03-0.3 m / s.

[0014] In some embodiments, the temperature of the filtered combustion is ≥700°C; the temperature of the flue gas generated by the filtered combustion is ≥700°C, and it enters the upper incineration zone upwards.

[0015] In some embodiments, the plurality of porous dielectric tubes are arranged at intervals, with the spacing d between two adjacent porous dielectric tubes being 3-100 mm. Preferably, the plurality of porous dielectric tubes are arranged at intervals, with the spacing d between two adjacent porous dielectric tubes being 5-20 mm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the vertical distance h between the object to be treated and the porous media tube is 100-800 mm. Preferably, the distance h between the object to be treated and the porous media tube is 100-600 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the distance between the material to be processed and the porous media tube from the feed end to the discharge end of the material to be processed. h It's getting bigger and bigger.

[0018] In some embodiments, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone is 400-750°C. Preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone is 450-750°C.

[0019] In some embodiments, the combustible gas includes at least one of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, and biogas, and the combustion-supporting gas includes at least one of air, oxygen, chlorine, and nitrous oxide.

[0020] In some embodiments, the porous medium tube includes an inner tube and a porous medium outer tube sleeved outside the inner tube. The inner tube is provided with a plurality of gas supply holes, and the porous medium outer tube is provided with a plurality of flow-limiting micro-holes. Combustible gas and / or flammable gas are introduced into the interior of the inner tube, and the combustible gas and / or flammable gas diffuse outward to the porous medium outer tube through the gas supply holes, and are then released to the outside of the porous medium tube through the flow-limiting micro-holes.

[0021] Furthermore, the diameter of the air supply orifice is 5-10 mm, the porosity of the porous medium outer tube is 50-90%, and the diameter of the flow-limiting micro-orifice is 0.1-2 mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the air supply holes at the lower part of the inner tube have a higher density or larger diameter than the air supply holes at the upper part.

[0023] Furthermore, the inner tube is a metal porous tube or a metal mesh, and the porous media outer tube includes at least one of the following: ceramic fiber porous media tube, foam ceramic porous media tube, metal braided porous media tube, or metal fiber sintered felt porous media tube.

[0024] In some embodiments, the conveying mechanism is used to convey the material to be processed through the pyrolysis zone along the conveying direction, and a portion of the conveyor belt of the conveying mechanism is disposed within the pyrolysis zone.

[0025] In some embodiments, the height of the incineration zone is 500-2000 mm, and the nozzles connected to the secondary air ducts are located at the lower part of the incineration zone. The nozzles are set at an angle upward or horizontally, and the velocity of the gas ejected from the nozzles is 10-60 m / s.

[0026] In some embodiments, the heat exchange mechanism includes: an exhaust pipe, a heat exchanger, and a secondary air duct; the exhaust pipe connects to the heat exchanger through an opening at the top or upper part of the furnace, allowing the high-temperature exhaust gas generated after complete combustion in the incineration zone to enter the heat exchanger; the hot air obtained after heat exchange treatment in the heat exchanger is called secondary hot air, which enters the incineration zone through the secondary air duct connected to the nozzle located in the incineration zone.

[0027] Furthermore, the heat exchange mechanism also includes: a fan and an induced draft fan; the air inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the fan, so that the gas flows continuously in the heat exchange path, ensuring the efficiency and stability of the heat exchange process; the air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the induced draft fan, and the exhaust gas cooled after heat exchange treatment by the heat exchanger is transported to the exhaust gas treatment unit under the action of the induced draft fan.

[0028] A second aspect of this application provides a method for integrated pyrolysis treatment, comprising the steps of: S1, the material to be processed is transported to the pyrolysis zone inside the pyrolysis incinerator using a conveying mechanism. The material to be processed is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis zone to generate pyrolysis gas. S2, the pyrolysis gas contacts the porous medium structure located inside the furnace and above the pyrolysis zone. The porous medium structure includes multiple porous medium tubes. The porous medium tubes release combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is filtered and burned on the outer surface of the porous medium tubes to form a stable filtered combustion flame and generate flue gas. S3, the flue gas enters upward into the combustion zone located inside the furnace and above the porous media structure, where the flue gas is fully combusted.

[0029] In some embodiments, the integrated pyrolysis treatment method further includes the step: S4, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated after the combustion in the incineration zone is discharged into a heat exchanger, and the hot air obtained after heat exchange treatment in the heat exchanger is called secondary hot air, which is introduced into the incineration zone.

[0030] In some embodiments, during the initial stage of pyrolysis, combustible gas or a mixture of combustible gas and oxidizing gas is introduced into the porous media pipe; then the supply of combustible gas is gradually reduced until it is completely stopped; when the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only oxidizing gas is introduced, and the pyrolysis gas is used as fuel to maintain the filtration combustion; or, for large-scale pyrolysis processing devices, zone control is used. From the direction of the material to be processed in the furnace, when the material to be processed just enters the furnace, combustible gas or a mixture of combustible gas and oxidizing gas is introduced into the porous media pipe at the front of the furnace; as the material to be processed is conveyed to the middle of the furnace, the amount of pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis increases, and the supply of combustible gas in the porous media pipe in the middle of the furnace is gradually reduced; when the material to be processed is conveyed to the rear of the furnace, only oxidizing gas is introduced into the porous media pipe at the rear of the furnace.

[0031] In a third aspect of this application, the aforementioned integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus and method are used to remove organic components such as thermosetting resins or cross-linked polymers such as EVA and PVB by chemical methods. They are suitable for removing organic components from industrial solid waste such as photovoltaic module recycling, domestic waste treatment, and electronic waste treatment. They are particularly suitable for the pyrolysis of large-volume solid wastes, such as photovoltaic module recycling, large electronic products, and wind turbine blade pyrolysis.

[0032] In some embodiments, a photovoltaic module recycling device includes the aforementioned integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus.

[0033] The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus, method, and photovoltaic module recycling equipment of this application have at least the following advantages compared with the prior art: Firstly, this application incorporates a porous media structure between the pyrolysis zone and the incineration zone. The porous media tube releases oxidizing and / or combustible gases, which encounter the pyrolysis gas on its surface. The pyrolysis gas undergoes filtration and combustion on the outer surface of the porous media tube, forming a stable filtration combustion flame. This filtration combustion flame exists throughout the entire surface of the porous media structure, exhibiting strong thermal radiation and high temperature uniformity in the pyrolysis zone. This allows for rapid and uniform heating of the material to be treated, resulting in consistent pyrolysis performance.

[0034] Secondly, the heat radiation capacity of the filtered combustion flame in this application is far stronger than that of a gas flame. It provides strong heat radiation to the pyrolysis zone, enabling rapid heating and a continuous supply of sufficient heat even for materials like glass with low heat absorption and thermal conductivity, resulting in low energy consumption. The stable upward flue gas flow generated by the filtered combustion naturally isolates the pyrolysis zone from the air (secondary hot air) introduced into the combustion zone. This eliminates the need for nitrogen to maintain an oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere in the pyrolysis zone, thus reducing costs. When the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only air is introduced into the porous media pipe. The pyrolysis gas is directly used as fuel for the filtered combustion. The fuel (pyrolysis gas) comes from the outside, forming a reverse surface adhesion combustion, eliminating the need for additional combustible gas, significantly reducing energy consumption and costs.

[0035] Thirdly, the filtration combustion temperature of this application is typically around 850-1000℃, which is much higher than the synthesis temperature window of dioxins (300-470℃); coupled with controlling the flow rate of the combustion-supporting and / or combustible gases released from the porous media tube (0.03-0.3m / s), dust that can act as a catalyst is prevented from rising to the incineration zone; thus, this application fundamentally inhibits the formation of dioxins from three dimensions: temperature, chlorine source, and catalyst.

[0036] Fourthly, this application controls the spacing between two adjacent porous media tubes. ， It enables adjacent porous media tubes to ignite each other through thermal radiation and flame propagation. Only one porous media tube needs to be ignited to achieve rapid ignition of all porous media tubes, which is particularly suitable for the uniform heating requirements of large tunnel furnaces.

[0037] Fifthly, the flue gas generated by the filter combustion in this application has a temperature greater than 850°C and enters the incineration zone. The temperature of the entire incineration zone reaches above 850°C, and the combustion time of the flue gas in the incineration zone is more than 2 seconds, so that the combustible components such as CO and hydrocarbons in the flue gas are fully combusted in the incineration zone, and the NOx emission is also extremely low. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Combined with the following appendix Figure 1 The above and other features of this application will be more fully described when the drawings are read. It is understood that these drawings only depict a few embodiments of the application and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the application. The application will be explained more clearly and in more detail through the use of the drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an integrated pyrolysis processing apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an integrated pyrolysis processing apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 3 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a porous media tube according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] The above figures include the following reference numerals: 1. Pyrolysis incinerator, 11. Furnace body, 12. Furnace chamber, 13. Pyrolysis zone, 14. Porous media structure, 15. Incineration zone, 141. Porous media pipe, 1411. Inner pipe, 1412. Gas supply port, 1413. Porous media outer pipe, 1414. Flow limiting micropores. Transmission mechanism 2, conveyor belt 21; Heat exchange mechanism 3, exhaust pipe 31, heat exchanger 32, secondary air duct 33, fan 34, induced draft fan 35. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following embodiments are described to aid in understanding this application. These embodiments are not, and should not be construed as, limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) in this specification may be defined as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in common dictionaries, should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of this disclosure and the relevant art, and will be interpreted in a non-idealized or overly formal sense unless clearly defined herein. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification.

[0045] As used herein, the term "at least one," when modifying the entire list of elements without modifying any individual elements of the list before or after it, shall not be construed as limiting "one." "Or" means "and / or." The terms "comprising" and "including," when used in this specification, indicate the presence of the stated features, regions, wholes, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or collections thereof. Therefore, the above wording shall be understood to mean including the stated elements, but not excluding any other elements. The term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The term "multiple" refers to two or more. The term "connected" refers to a direct or indirect connection. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used herein to describe and distinguish different elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions, but these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. Terms such as "above" and "below" are used to describe the spatial relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features, usually referring to the spatial relationship of equipment or products in a normal static or usage state.

[0046] The first aspect of this application, as Figure 1-3 As shown, an integrated pyrolysis treatment device is provided, including a pyrolysis incinerator 1, a conveying mechanism 2, and a heat exchange mechanism 3. The pyrolysis incinerator 1 includes: Furnace body 11, furnace chamber 12 formed by the internal space of furnace body 11, pyrolysis zone 13, porous medium structure 14, and incineration zone 15 arranged sequentially from bottom to top in furnace chamber 12; The pyrolysis zone 13 is where the material to be processed undergoes pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis gas. The porous medium structure 14 includes a plurality of porous medium tubes 141, which can release combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is filtered and burned on the outer surface of the porous medium tube 141 to form a stable filtered combustion flame and generate flue gas. The flue gas enters the upper incineration zone 15, where it is fully combusted.

[0047] This application introduces oxidizing gas and / or combustible gas into the porous media tube 141. The oxidizing gas and / or combustible gas are released outward from the pores of the porous media tube 141 and encounter pyrolysis gas on the surface of the porous media tube 141. The pyrolysis gas, acting as fuel, undergoes filtered combustion on the outer surface of the porous media tube 141, forming a stable filtered combustion flame. The filtered combustion flame exists throughout the entire surface of the porous media structure 14, exhibiting strong thermal radiation and high temperature uniformity in the pyrolysis zone 13. The material to be treated can be rapidly and uniformly heated, resulting in good consistency in pyrolysis performance. Experiments have shown that the entire furnace chamber 12 is transparent, with high visibility and minimal smoke. The surface of the photovoltaic modules or cells is very clean after pyrolysis treatment. Furthermore, its thermal radiation capability is far stronger than that of gas flames, providing strong thermal radiation to the flame in the pyrolysis zone 13. It can also rapidly heat materials such as glass that have low heat absorption and thermal conductivity. At the same time, even if the glass of the photovoltaic module takes away a large amount of sensible heat when it leaves the furnace 12, there is no need to introduce an external secondary combustion chamber to continuously provide sufficient heat. It has low energy consumption, low cost, and no risk of explosion due to leakage and accumulation of pyrolysis gas.

[0048] When the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, air is only introduced into the porous media tube 141. The pyrolysis gas is directly used as fuel for filtered combustion. The outside of the porous media tube 141 is filled with a high concentration of pyrolysis gas. Air seeps out from the inside of the porous media tube 141, and the fuel (pyrolysis gas) comes from the outside and meets and burns on the outer surface of the porous media tube 141, forming a reverse surface adhesion combustion. This filtered combustion is mainly diffusion combustion, not premixed combustion. At the same time, because the radiation capacity of gaseous flames is weak while that of solids is strong, the air released from the porous media tube in this application is burned and oxidized on the surface, with little impact on the furnace atmosphere. It will not affect the oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere in the pyrolysis zone, and the thermal radiation capacity of filtered combustion in the furnace is several times that of direct air introduction. In addition, using pyrolysis gas (containing flammable gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen) directly as fuel not only pre-treats harmful substances in the pyrolysis gas, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and costs. Existing premixed combustion involves mixing natural gas and air in a suitable ratio, known as fully premixed combustion. Throughout the entire process, this fully premixed gas permeates from inside the pipe to the outside, meaning that both fuel and air permeate from inside the pipe to the outside. This requires the continuous flow of natural gas and air, resulting in high natural gas consumption.

[0049] The stable upward flue gas flow generated by the filtered combustion naturally isolates the pyrolysis zone 13 from the air (secondary hot air) introduced into the combustion zone. This eliminates the need for nitrogen to maintain an oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere in the pyrolysis zone, resulting in low cost. This filtered combustion produces a stable, quiet flame that is non-backfire-prone and cannot be extinguished by blowing, offering safety far exceeding that of any existing gas combustion method.

[0050] "Filtered combustion" refers to combustion in which at least one of the fuel and air propagates within a porous medium and undergoes a chemical reaction. The flame burns on the surface and in the pores of a porous solid material (such as ceramics), and the heat released by combustion is conducted and radiated through the porous solid material.

[0051] "Diffusion combustion" refers to combustion in which fuel and air are not mixed or not fully mixed before combustion. The fuel and air come into contact with each other through diffusion and undergo a chemical reaction to produce a flame. "Premixed combustion" refers to combustion in which fuel and air are premixed evenly before combustion to form a combustible mixture. When the mixture reaches a certain concentration range, it can be ignited and burn rapidly.

[0052] In some embodiments, the radiant heat generated by the filtered combustion flame is transferred downwards to the pyrolysis zone 13, providing a heat source for pyrolysis. Furthermore, the radiant heat generated by the filtered combustion flame is transferred downwards to the pyrolysis zone 13, providing all the heat for pyrolysis. The pyrolysis zone also includes auxiliary heating equipment, such as electric heating rods (not shown in the figures). The applicant experimentally tested the following materials: a partial photovoltaic module structure of film + battery cell + film, a partial photovoltaic module structure of film + battery cell + film + glass, and a single-glass photovoltaic module. All of these methods were successful, as all the heat required for pyrolysis relied entirely on the radiant heat generated by the filtered combustion flame. Only the auxiliary heating equipment, such as electric heating rods, needed to be turned on at the start of pyrolysis. Existing technology uses an air distribution grille above the pyrolysis zone to blow air into the combustion zone to prevent backflow into the pyrolysis zone. Only the heat generated in the combustion zone can radiate to the pyrolysis zone. Due to the large distance and the upward blowing of air by the air distribution grille, very little heat radiates to the pyrolysis zone; heating is mainly achieved using equipment such as electric heating rods.

[0053] In some implementations, when the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only the combustion-supporting gas is introduced into the porous medium pipe 141, and the pyrolysis gas is directly used as fuel for filtration and combustion. Using pyrolysis gas (containing flammable gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen) directly as fuel not only preliminarily treats the harmful substances in the pyrolysis gas, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and costs.

[0054] In some embodiments, the stable upward flue gas flow generated by the filtered combustion naturally isolates the pyrolysis zone 13 from the air introduced into the incineration zone 15, ensuring that the pyrolysis zone maintains an oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere. This eliminates the need for nitrogen to maintain the oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere in the pyrolysis zone, resulting in low cost. Existing technologies use air distribution grilles to blow air upwards (towards the incineration zone) to prevent backflow into the pyrolysis zone. However, due to factors such as the large furnace size and furnace wall rebound, the airflow is unstable and cannot guarantee a good oxygen-free or low-oxygen state in the pyrolysis zone. In this application, a porous media structure covers the pyrolysis zone. The filtered combustion flame formed by the porous media structure can completely isolate the air in the pyrolysis zone from the air in the incineration zone. Simultaneously, the surface flame has strong thermal radiation; after pyrolysis stabilizes, the heat required for pyrolysis can rely entirely on the radiant heat generated by the filtered combustion flame, eliminating the need for other heating equipment.

[0055] The porous media structure 14 covers the pyrolysis zone. The porous media structure 14 can be horizontally or inclined (inclination angle < 45 degrees); the porous media structure 14 can be a single, continuous structure, or, depending on its location within the furnace, multiple porous media structures 14 can be configured in different areas, with the distances between the multiple porous media structures and the conveyor belt being the same or different. For large tunnel-type continuous conveying pyrolysis furnaces, with an effective furnace length of approximately 30m and a width of approximately 1.5m, the porous media structure needs to cover the area where pyrolysis gas is generated, while areas where pyrolysis gas is not generated are enclosed by the structure (usually the areas at both ends of the furnace) to prevent gas short-circuiting. For small and medium-sized pyrolysis furnaces or sealed pyrolysis furnaces, it is preferable that the porous media structure 14 covers the entire pyrolysis zone.

[0056] In some embodiments, the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas released outward by the porous media pipe 141 is 0.03-0.3 m / s (e.g., 0.03 m / s, 0.06 m / s, 0.1 m / s, 0.12 m / s, 0.15 m / s, 0.18 m / s, 0.2 m / s, 0.23 m / s, 0.26 m / s, or 0.3 m / s, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply).

[0057] The apparent rate of release of combustion-supporting and / or combustible gases ensures the stability of filtered combustion, resulting in a stable blue flame, while remaining below the critical dust-carrying rate (0.3 m / s). The solid in pyrolysis zone 13 is almost completely stationary, and the dust in pyrolysis zone 13 is not carried upwards to incineration zone 15, thus preventing the catalytic formation of dioxins on the dust surface and eliminating the risk of secondary dioxin synthesis. This cuts off the catalytic synthesis pathway of dioxins on the dust surface at the source.

[0058] In some embodiments, the temperature of the filtered combustion is ≥700°C (e.g., 700°C, 750°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, or 1100°C, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply.); the temperature of the flue gas produced by the filtered combustion is ≥700°C (e.g., 700°C, 750°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, or 1100°C, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply.), and it enters the upper incineration zone 15 upwards. Preferably, the temperature of the filtered combustion is 800-1000°C; the temperature of the flue gas produced by the filtered combustion is 800-1000°C.

[0059] The temperature of filtration combustion is typically around 800-1000℃, far exceeding the dioxin synthesis temperature window (300-470℃). Even if the surface of the combustion layer (porous media structure 14 + filtration combustion flame) contains trace amounts of metal elements, its surface chemical state is no longer capable of catalyzing dioxin synthesis at such high temperatures. Simultaneously, because the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 13 is controlled at 450-750℃, chlorine sources such as NaCl and KCl are fixed in the bottom ash, resulting in extremely low chlorine concentrations in the pyrolysis gas. Combined with the flow rate of the porous media tube 141 releasing combustion-supporting and / or combustible gases, dust is almost completely prevented from being carried upwards. This application simultaneously addresses the issues of temperature, chlorine source, and catalyst, fundamentally inhibiting dioxin formation, and its environmental safety is significantly superior to existing technologies.

[0060] like Figure 2As shown, multiple porous media tubes are horizontally spaced along the width of the furnace. It can be understood that these multiple porous media tubes can also be horizontally spaced along the length of the furnace, or they can be staggered. Depending on their position within the furnace, the porous media tubes can also be non-horizontally arranged, with varying distances between them and the material to be processed. The multiple porous media tubes 141 are arranged at intervals, with a spacing d between adjacent tubes 141 ranging from 3 to 100 mm (e.g., 3mm, 6mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, or 100mm, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable). Preferably, the multiple porous media tubes 141 are arranged at intervals, with a spacing d between adjacent tubes 141 ranging from 5 to 20 mm. This spacing d allows adjacent porous media tubes 141 to ignite each other through thermal radiation and flame propagation. This ensures that igniting just one porous media tube 141 allows the flame to propagate between adjacent tubes, achieving rapid ignition and uniform combustion for all tubes. Simultaneously, it significantly improves the temperature uniformity of the pyrolysis zone 13 compared to a grid structure, making it particularly suitable for large tunnel furnaces (1-2 meters wide) and guaranteeing uniform heating. Multiple porous media tubes 141 can be arranged at uniform or non-uniform intervals, with a spacing between 3-100 mm. A uniformly spaced arrangement is preferred, providing more uniform and stable surface flame combustion.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the vertical distance h between the object to be treated and the porous media tube 141 is 100-800 mm (e.g., 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm, 500 mm, 550 mm, 600 mm, 650 mm, 700 mm, 750 mm, or 800 mm, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable). Preferably, the distance h between the object to be treated and the porous media tube 141 is 100-600 mm. More preferably, the distance h between the object to be treated and the porous media tube 141 is 100-400 mm. By controlling the distance between the object to be treated and the porous media tube 141, this application can ensure radiant heating efficiency while avoiding direct contact between the airflow of the filtered combustion flame and the object to be treated, thus achieving rapid heating of the object to be treated and preventing overheating.

[0062] Furthermore, the distance between the material to be processed and the porous media tube 141 from the feed end to the discharge end of the material to be processed.h The temperature increases. When the material to be processed first enters the pyrolysis zone 13, it needs to be heated quickly. The porous media tube 141 is closer to the material to help with heat transfer and temperature rise and increase production capacity. As the temperature rises to the required temperature, the porous media tube 141 is moved further away from the material to prevent overheating.

[0063] In some embodiments, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 13 is 400-750°C (e.g., 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, or 750°C, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable). Preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 13 is 450-750°C. More preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 13 is 500-700°C. More preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone 13 is 500-650°C.

[0064] In some embodiments, the combustible gas includes at least one of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, and biogas, and the oxidizing gas includes at least one of air, oxygen, chlorine, and nitrous oxide. Besides the listed combustible and oxidizing gases, other common combustible and oxidizing gases are also within the scope of this application.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, the porous media pipe 141 includes an inner pipe 1411 and a porous media outer pipe 1413 sleeved outside the inner pipe 1411. The inner pipe 1411 has multiple gas supply holes 1412, and the porous media outer pipe 1413 has multiple flow-limiting micro-holes 1414. Combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas are introduced into the inner pipe 1411, diffuse outward through the gas supply holes 1412 to the porous media outer pipe 1413, and are then released outward through the flow-limiting micro-holes 1414 to the outside of the porous media pipe 141. It is understood that the porous media pipe 141 can also have other structures, as long as the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas released outward is such that the apparent velocity (also known as the empty tower velocity) on the outer surface of the porous media pipe 141 is 0.03-0.3 m / s, it falls within the protection scope of this application. When the length of the porous medium tube 141 is small, one end of the inner tube 1411 can be designed as the air inlet; when the length of the porous medium tube 141 is large, both ends of the inner tube 1411 can be designed as air inlets to prevent uneven air supply due to excessive length of the porous medium tube.

[0066] Furthermore, the diameter of the air supply through-hole 1412 is 5-10 mm (e.g., 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply). The porosity of the porous medium outer tube 1413 is 50-90% (e.g., 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply). The pore size of the flow-limiting micro-orifice 1414 is 0.1-2 mm (e.g., 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.7 mm, 1 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.6 mm, or 2 mm, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply). It is understandable that the porous medium tube 141 can be of other structures. Therefore, the diameter of the air supply hole 1412, the porosity of the porous medium outer tube 1413, and the pore size of the flow-limiting micro-hole 1414 are not limited to the above ranges. As long as the apparent velocity of the airflow released from the porous medium tube 141 is 0.03-0.3 m / s, this range is the preferred range under this porous medium tube 141 structure.

[0067] Furthermore, the lower gas supply holes 1412 of the inner tube 1411 have a higher density or larger diameter than the upper gas supply holes 1412. Since the porous media tube 141 is located above the pyrolysis zone 13, meaning the pyrolysis gas comes from below the porous media tube 141 and the combustion-supporting gas such as air permeates from inside the porous media tube 141 to the outside, if the pores on the porous media tube 141 are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the pyrolysis gas and air cannot be distributed as needed along the circumference, nor does it meet the requirement that heat should radiate downwards to the material to be treated. Therefore, the lower part of the gas supply holes 1412 on the inner tube 1411 of the porous media tube 141 has a higher density or larger diameter than the upper part, resulting in a higher heat load on the lower part of the outer surface of the combustion tube and a lower CO concentration entering the combustion zone 15.

[0068] Furthermore, the inner tube 1411 is a porous metal tube or a metal mesh, and the porous media outer tube 1413 includes at least one of the following: a ceramic fiber porous media tube 141, a foam ceramic porous media tube 141, a metal braided porous media tube 141, or a metal fiber sintered felt porous media tube 141. In addition to the materials listed for the porous media outer tube 1413, other common materials for porous media outer tubes 1413 are also within the scope of protection of this application.

[0069] In some embodiments, the conveying mechanism 2 is used to transport the material to be processed through the pyrolysis zone 13 along the conveying direction, and a portion of the conveyor belt 21 of the conveying mechanism 2 is disposed within the pyrolysis zone 13. Typically, the length of the conveyor belt 21 of the conveying mechanism 2 is greater than the length of the pyrolysis zone 13, and the middle portion of the conveyor belt 21 is located within the pyrolysis zone 13. The conveyor belt 21 operates continuously, allowing the material to be processed to enter the pyrolysis zone 13 and begin pyrolysis. When the material exits the pyrolysis zone 13, all organic components on the material have been completely pyrolyzed and removed.

[0070] In some embodiments, the height of the incineration zone 15 is 500-2000 mm (e.g., 500 mm, 600 mm, 700 mm, 800 mm, 900 mm, 1000 mm, 1100 mm, 1200 mm, 1300 mm, 1400 mm, 1500 mm, 1600 mm, 1700 mm, 1800 mm, 1900 mm, 2000 mm, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply). The nozzles communicating with the secondary air duct 33 are located at the lower part of the incineration zone 15, and the nozzles are positioned obliquely upwards or horizontally. The velocity of the gas ejected from the nozzles is 10-60 m / s (e.g., 10 m / s, 20 m / s, 30 m / s, 40 m / s, 50 m / s, or 60 m / s, but not limited to the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply).

[0071] In the incineration zone, pipelines and air inlets (not shown in the attached diagram) are typically installed to allow the introduction of combustible gases such as natural gas as fuel. This application also introduces secondary hot air as an auxiliary combustion gas, allowing the flue gas generated by the surface flame to undergo thorough aerobic combustion in the incineration zone. The secondary hot air in this application is generated by heating cold air through a heat exchanger using high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the incineration zone. This rationally utilizes the heat of the exhaust gas, reducing energy consumption and costs. Introducing pre-heated air also further facilitates high-temperature combustion in the incineration zone. Furthermore, the flue gas produced by the filtration and combustion process has a temperature of 700°C or higher (typically above 850°C) and enters the incineration zone 15. The high-temperature exhaust gas produced by combustion in the incineration zone 15 (approximately 1000-1200°C) means that the temperature of the entire incineration zone 15 reaches above 850°C. The temperature in the incineration zone 15 is sufficient and uniform. Combined with the height design of the incineration zone 15, this ensures sufficient combustion time for the flue gas (more than 2 seconds), meeting the conditions of a combustion temperature above 850°C and a combustion duration of at least 2 seconds. This allows for complete combustion of combustible components such as CO and hydrocarbons in the flue gas within the incineration zone 15. The high-temperature exhaust gas produced after combustion in the incineration zone 15 reduces NOx emissions. This not only applies to large-size photovoltaic modules but also allows for achieving low NOx emission levels, such as below 30 mg / Nm3, in municipal solid waste treatment, similar to burning pure natural gas. This eliminates the need for selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) or selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and also reduces operating costs by eliminating the need for ammonia injection.

[0072] In some embodiments, the heat exchange mechanism 3 includes: an exhaust pipe 31, a heat exchanger 32, and a secondary air duct 33. The exhaust pipe 31 connects to the heat exchanger 32 via an opening at the top or upper part of the furnace 12, allowing the high-temperature exhaust gas generated after complete combustion in the combustion zone 15 to enter the heat exchanger 32. The hot air obtained after heat exchange treatment in the heat exchanger 32 enters the combustion zone 15 through the secondary air duct 33, which is connected to the nozzle located in the combustion zone 15. The heat exchanger 32 is commonly referred to as an air preheater. The air inlet of the heat exchanger 32 is connected to a blower 34, which introduces cold air into the heat exchanger 32. Inside the heat exchanger 32, the high-temperature exhaust gas and the cold air exchange heat, preheating the cold air to 300-600°C. This preheated air then enters the combustion zone 15 through the secondary air duct 33, providing high-temperature air for aerobic combustion, improving heat utilization, and reducing energy consumption. At the same time, the high-temperature exhaust gas is cooled down and transported to the subsequent exhaust gas treatment unit under the action of the induced draft fan 35.

[0073] Furthermore, the heat exchange mechanism 3 also includes a fan 34 and an induced draft fan 35; the air inlet of the heat exchanger 32 is connected to the fan 34, so that the gas flows continuously in the heat exchange path, ensuring the efficiency and stability of the heat exchange process; the air outlet of the heat exchanger 32 is connected to the induced draft fan 35, and the exhaust gas cooled after heat exchange treatment in the heat exchanger 32 is transported to the exhaust gas treatment unit (such as a quench tower, activated carbon injection device, bag filter, etc.) under the action of the induced draft fan 35.

[0074] A second aspect of this application provides a method for integrated pyrolysis treatment, comprising the steps of: S1, the material to be processed is transported to the pyrolysis zone 13 inside the furnace 12 of the pyrolysis incinerator 1 by the transmission mechanism 2. The material to be processed is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis zone 13 to generate pyrolysis gas. S2, the pyrolysis gas contacts the porous medium structure 14 disposed in the furnace 12 and above the pyrolysis zone 13. The porous medium structure 14 includes multiple porous medium tubes 141. The porous medium tubes 141 release combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is filtered and burned on the outer surface of the porous medium tubes 141 to form a stable filtered combustion flame and generate flue gas. S3, the flue gas enters upward into the combustion zone 15, which is located inside the furnace 12 and above the porous medium structure 14, and the flue gas is fully combusted in the combustion zone 15.

[0075] In some embodiments, the integrated pyrolysis treatment method further includes the step: S4, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated after the combustion in the incineration zone 15 is fully discharged into the heat exchanger 32, and the hot air obtained after heat exchange treatment in the heat exchanger 32 is called secondary hot air, which is introduced into the incineration zone 15.

[0076] In some embodiments, during the initial stage of pyrolysis, combustible gas or a mixture of combustible gas and oxidizing gas is introduced into the porous media pipe 141; then the supply of combustible gas is gradually reduced until it is completely stopped; when the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only oxidizing gas is introduced, and the pyrolysis gas is used as fuel to maintain the filtration combustion; or, for large-scale pyrolysis processing devices, the process is zoned. From the direction of transport of the material to be processed in the furnace 12, when the material to be processed just enters the furnace 12, combustible gas or a mixture of combustible gas and oxidizing gas is introduced into the porous media pipe 141 at the front of the furnace 12; as the material to be processed is transported to the middle of the furnace 12, the amount of pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis increases, and the supply of combustible gas in the porous media pipe 141 in the middle of the furnace 12 is gradually reduced; when the material to be processed is transported to the rear of the furnace 12, oxidizing gas is introduced into the porous media pipe 141 at the rear of the furnace 12.

[0077] When pyrolysis is started, the material to be processed is placed on the conveyor belt 21 of the conveying mechanism 2. The conveyor belt 21 moves forward and transports the material to be processed to the pyrolysis zone 13 inside the furnace 12 of the pyrolysis incinerator 1. When the material to be processed just enters the furnace 12, auxiliary heating equipment such as electric heating rods installed in the pyrolysis zone work to provide heat for pyrolysis. Natural gas or a mixture of natural gas and air is introduced into the porous medium pipe 141 installed at the front of the furnace 12.

[0078] As the material to be processed moves forward, it begins to generate pyrolysis gas, and the amount of pyrolysis gas generated increases. The pyrolysis gas rises and comes into contact with the porous media structure 14 located inside the furnace 12 and above the pyrolysis zone 13. The porous media structure 14 includes multiple porous media tubes 141 (the inner tube of the porous media tube is a metal porous tube with a gas supply hole diameter of 6 mm, and the outer tube is a ceramic fiber tube with a pore diameter of 1 mm and a porosity of 80%; the distance between adjacent porous media tubes is 15 mm, and the distance between the porous media tube and the conveyor belt is 250 mm). The porous media tubes 141 located in the middle of the furnace 12 release a mixture of natural gas and air, causing the pyrolysis gas to be filtered and burned on the outer surface of the porous media tubes 141, forming a filtered combustion flame and generating flue gas; and as the material to be processed moves forward, the natural gas content in the mixture released by the porous media tubes 141 gradually decreases, forming a stable filtered combustion flame.

[0079] When the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only air is introduced into the porous medium tube 141, and the pyrolysis gas is directly used as fuel for filtration combustion. The applicant has experimentally tested the following materials: a partial photovoltaic module structure of encapsulant film + solar cell + encapsulant film, a partial photovoltaic module structure of encapsulant film + solar cell + encapsulant film + glass, and a single-glass photovoltaic module. Auxiliary heating equipment such as electric heating rods can be completely shut off, and the heat required for pyrolysis can rely entirely on the radiant heat generated by the filtration combustion flame.

[0080] When the material to be processed is transported to the rear of the furnace 12, the organic components in the material have been almost completely pyrolyzed. The porous media pipe 141 set at the rear of the furnace 12 only needs to be vented with air, and a large amount of pyrolysis gas is used as fuel for filtration and combustion.

[0081] Simultaneously, the flue gas generated by the surface flame combustion rises into the combustion zone 15, which is located inside the furnace 12 and above the porous media structure 14. The flue gas is fully combusted in the combustion zone 15. The combustion zone 15 is connected to an exhaust pipe 31 through an opening at the top or upper part of the furnace 12. The other end of the exhaust pipe 31 is connected to a heat exchanger 32. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated after full combustion in the combustion zone 15 enters the heat exchanger 32. The heat exchanger 32 also has an air inlet connected to a fan 34. The fan 34 introduces cold air into the heat exchanger 32. Inside the heat exchanger 32, the high-temperature exhaust gas and the cold air exchange heat, preheating the cold air to 300-600°C, known as secondary hot air. This preheated air enters the combustion zone 15 through a secondary air duct 33 (which is connected to a nozzle located in the combustion zone 15). The stable upward flow of flue gas generated by the filtration combustion naturally isolates the pyrolysis zone from the air entering the combustion zone, ensuring that the pyrolysis zone maintains an oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere. In the incineration zone, additional combustible gases such as natural gas are introduced as fuel, and secondary hot air is used as an auxiliary combustion gas. After ignition, the flue gas generated by the surface flame combustion undergoes thorough aerobic combustion in the incineration zone. The secondary hot air provides high-temperature air to the incineration zone 15 for aerobic combustion, improving heat utilization and reducing energy consumption. At the same time, it cools the high-temperature exhaust gas, which is then transported to the subsequent exhaust gas treatment unit by the induced draft fan 35.

[0082] Under the same processing capacity (100 kg / hour double-glass photovoltaic modules), the experimental results of this application show that the oxygen content in the pyrolysis zone is <0.1%, the fly ash yield is <0.01%, and the energy consumption is 0.12 kWh / kg. In contrast, existing technologies, such as the technical solution of Chinese patent CN121539804A, show that the oxygen content in the pyrolysis zone is 0.5-1%, the fly ash yield is 0.05%, and the energy consumption is 0.25 kWh / kg. Furthermore, this application saves approximately 300,000 RMB on nitrogen generator equipment, approximately 200,000 RMB / year on nitrogen consumption, approximately 2 million RMB / year on energy consumption, and approximately 2 million RMB / year on natural gas consumption.

[0083] In a third aspect of this application, the aforementioned integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus and method are used to remove organic components such as thermosetting resins or cross-linked polymers like EVA and PVB by chemical methods. They are suitable for removing organic components from industrial solid waste such as photovoltaic module recycling, municipal solid waste treatment, and electronic waste treatment. They are particularly suitable for the pyrolysis of large-volume solid wastes, such as photovoltaic module recycling, large electronic products, and wind turbine blade pyrolysis. Of course, for smaller solid wastes such as municipal solid waste, the pyrolysis effect is also significantly better than that of existing technologies.

[0084] In some embodiments, a photovoltaic module recycling device includes the aforementioned integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus.

[0085] Although this application discloses several aspects and embodiments, other aspects and embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this application. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed in this application are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this application. The actual scope of protection of this application is determined by the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated pyrolysis treatment device, comprising a pyrolysis incinerator, a conveying mechanism, and a heat exchange mechanism, characterized in that, The pyrolysis incinerator includes: The furnace body, the furnace chamber formed by the internal space of the furnace body, and the pyrolysis zone, porous media structure and combustion zone arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the furnace chamber; In the pyrolysis zone, the material to be processed undergoes pyrolysis to generate pyrolysis gas. The porous media structure includes multiple porous media tubes, which can release combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is filtered and burned on the outer surface of the porous media tubes to form a stable filtered combustion flame and generate flue gas. The flue gas enters the upper combustion zone and is fully combusted there. The stable upward flow of flue gas generated by the filtered combustion naturally isolates the pyrolysis zone from the air entering the incineration zone, thus maintaining an oxygen-free or low-oxygen reaction atmosphere in the pyrolysis zone.

2. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiant heat generated by the filtered combustion flame is transferred downwards to the pyrolysis zone, providing a heat source for pyrolysis.

3. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only the combustion-supporting gas is introduced into the porous medium pipe, and the pyrolysis gas is directly used as fuel for filtration and combustion.

4. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The apparent velocity of the gas-supporting and / or combustible gas released outward from the porous media tube is 0.03-0.3 m / s on the outer surface of the porous media tube.

5. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the filtered combustion is ≥700℃; the temperature of the flue gas produced by the filtered combustion is ≥700℃, and the flue gas rises into the upper combustion zone.

6. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple porous media tubes are arranged at intervals, and the distance d between two adjacent porous media tubes is 3-100mm.

7. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the vertical direction, the distance h between the object to be processed and the porous medium tube is 100-800 mm.

8. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, From the feed end to the discharge end of the material to be processed, the distance h between the material to be processed and the porous media tube increases.

9. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous medium tube includes an inner tube and a porous medium outer tube sleeved outside the inner tube. The inner tube is provided with multiple gas supply holes, and the porous medium outer tube is provided with multiple flow-limiting micro-holes. Combustible gas and / or flammable gas are introduced into the interior of the inner tube, and the combustible gas and / or flammable gas diffuse outward to the porous medium outer tube through the gas supply holes, and are then released to the outside of the porous medium tube through the flow-limiting micro-holes.

10. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The diameter of the air supply orifice is 5-10 mm, the porosity of the porous medium outer tube is 50-90%, and the diameter of the flow-limiting micro-orifice is 0.1-2 mm.

11. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The air supply holes at the lower part of the inner tube are more densely packed or have a larger diameter than those at the upper part.

12. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The inner tube is a metal porous tube or a metal mesh, and the porous media outer tube includes at least one of the following: ceramic fiber porous media tube, foam ceramic porous media tube, metal braided porous media tube, or metal fiber sintered felt porous media tube.

13. The integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes one or more features selected from the following group: (1) The conveying mechanism is used to convey the material to be processed through the pyrolysis zone along the conveying direction, and part of the conveyor belt of the conveying mechanism is arranged in the pyrolysis zone; (2) The height of the incineration zone is 500-2000mm, and the nozzle connected to the secondary air duct is set at the lower part of the incineration zone. The nozzle is set at an angle upward or horizontally, and the velocity of the gas ejected from the nozzle is 10-60m / s. (3) The heat exchange mechanism includes: exhaust pipe, heat exchanger, and secondary air duct; the exhaust pipe connects the heat exchanger to the opening at the top or upper part of the furnace, so that the high-temperature exhaust gas generated after the combustion in the combustion zone enters the heat exchanger; the hot air obtained after the heat exchanger has undergone heat exchange treatment is called secondary air hot air, which enters the combustion zone through the secondary air duct connected to the nozzle set in the combustion zone. (4) The combustible gas includes at least one of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas and biogas, and the combustion-supporting gas includes at least one of air, oxygen, chlorine and nitrous oxide.

14. A method for integrated pyrolysis treatment, comprising using the integrated pyrolysis treatment apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1, the material to be processed is transported to the pyrolysis zone inside the pyrolysis incinerator using a conveying mechanism. The material to be processed is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis zone to generate pyrolysis gas. S2, the pyrolysis gas contacts the porous medium structure located inside the furnace and above the pyrolysis zone. The porous medium structure includes multiple porous medium tubes. The porous medium tubes release combustion-supporting gas and / or combustible gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is filtered and burned on the outer surface of the porous medium tubes to form a stable filtered combustion flame and generate flue gas. S3, the flue gas enters upward into the combustion zone located inside the furnace and above the porous media structure, where the flue gas is fully combusted.

15. The integrated pyrolysis treatment method as described in claim 14, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S4, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated after complete combustion in the incineration zone is discharged into the heat exchanger. The hot air obtained after heat exchange treatment in the heat exchanger is called secondary hot air and is introduced into the incineration zone.

16. The integrated pyrolysis treatment method as described in claim 14, characterized in that, In the initial stage of pyrolysis, combustible gas or a mixture of combustible gas and oxidizing gas is introduced into the porous medium tube; then the supply of combustible gas is gradually reduced until it is completely stopped; when the pyrolysis reaction is stable and the pyrolysis gas production is sufficient, only oxidizing gas is introduced, and the pyrolysis gas is used as fuel to maintain the filtration combustion. Alternatively, for large-scale pyrolysis processing units, zoned control is employed. In the direction of material transport within the furnace, when the material first enters the furnace, combustible gas or a mixture of combustible gas and auxiliary gas is introduced into the porous media pipe at the front of the furnace. As the material is transported to the middle of the furnace, the amount of pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis increases, and the supply of combustible gas in the porous media pipe in the middle of the furnace gradually decreases. When the material is transported to the rear of the furnace, only auxiliary gas is introduced into the porous media pipe at the rear of the furnace.

17. A photovoltaic module recycling device, characterized in that, Includes the integrated pyrolysis processing apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-13.

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