A kind of arc edge diamond cutter relief defect panoramic scanning instrument and detection method

Abstract

A kind of full-view scanning instrument and detection method for rear face defect of circular-arc edge diamond tool, relate to tool defect detection technical field.Three-axis tool displacement table is arranged from bottom to top with B-axis precision rotary table, Y-axis precision guide rail, X-axis precision guide rail, tool holder pitch table and tool holder, rake face tool mechanism adopts gantry support to carry rake face focusing displacement table, variable magnification lens and rake face camera are installed in output end, rear face observation mechanism is arranged from bottom to top with lifting table, rear face focusing displacement table, observation pitch table and coaxial optical lens barrel, objective and rear face camera are installed, computer control and receive image, carry out image post-processing and three-dimensional visualization.Solve the existing circular-arc edge diamond tool rear face detection relies on manual, cannot realize panoramic observation, and the measured rear face is difficult to be in microscope focal plane all the time, and the problems of obvious brightness jump and splicing stripe exist in multi-view field image splicing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tool defect detection technology, specifically a panoramic scanning instrument and detection method for defects on the back face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool. Background Technology

[0002] Circular arc-cut diamond tools are widely used in ultra-precision turning, optical mold processing, infrared material processing, and freeform surface manufacturing due to their excellent surface forming capabilities and extremely high cutting edge precision. In ultra-precision machining, the microscopic morphology of the tool surface is directly mapped to the workpiece surface through the "tool replication effect," thus the tool condition has a decisive impact on the surface roughness, surface accuracy, and optical performance. Especially for circular arc-cut diamond tools, the flank face is prone to grinding marks, localized chipping, microcracks, and wear zones during preparation and cutting. These defects further affect cutting stability and workpiece surface quality. Therefore, complete and accurate inspection of the flank face of circular arc-cut diamond tools is of great significance for improving tool performance and ultra-precision machining quality.

[0003] Existing methods for inspecting circular arc-shaped diamond tools mainly focus on measuring parameters such as cutting edge profile, radius of curvature, and waviness. For example, microscopic vision systems are used to image the tool's rake face, and edge contour fitting is achieved through edge extraction; alternatively, laser confocal microscopes are used to measure local surface morphology. These methods can obtain local geometric parameters of the tool's cutting edge, but they typically only inspect the rake face or a localized area, making it difficult to comprehensively characterize the overall state of the flank face.

[0004] Because the flank face of a circular arc-edged diamond tool typically has a large spatial curvature, traditional microscopic observation methods suffer from limited field of view, insufficient depth of field, and difficulty in attitude adjustment during inspection. Existing inspection methods usually rely on manual adjustment of the tool position and observation angle to obtain images of local areas of the flank face, making it difficult to achieve continuous automated scanning of the flank face and obtain a complete flank face morphology. Furthermore, during the operation of existing inspection methods, because the circular arc-edged tool is not concentric with the rotation axis, when the tool rotates to different angles, local areas of the flank face are prone to deviate from the microscope focal plane, resulting in decreased image clarity, low inspection efficiency, and poor repeatability.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a panoramic scanning detection scheme for the flank face of circular arc-edged diamond tools to achieve precise alignment between the circular arc edge and the rotary axis of the tool. Combined with multi-angle continuous image acquisition algorithms, this scheme can achieve complete imaging, panoramic stitching, and three-dimensional visualization of the flank face, thereby improving the detection completeness and accuracy of the flank face of circular arc-edged diamond tools. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a panoramic scanning instrument and method for detecting defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool. This method solves the problems of existing methods where the detection of the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool relies on manual labor, cannot achieve panoramic observation, and the tested flank face is difficult to keep within the focal plane of the microscope throughout the entire process, and there are obvious brightness jumps and splicing stripes in multi-field image stitching.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A panoramic scanner for defects on the back face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool includes a base and a three-axis tool displacement stage, a front face cutting mechanism, and a back face observation mechanism fixed on its surface.

[0009] The three-axis tool displacement stage is located in the middle of the base surface and includes a B-axis precision rotary table, a Y-axis precision guide rail, an X-axis precision guide rail, a tool post pitch stage, and a tool fixture connected sequentially from bottom to top.

[0010] The front blade face mechanism is located on the front side of the base surface. The main body adopts a gantry bracket. The front blade face focusing displacement stage is mounted in the middle of its crossbeam. A downward-facing variable magnification lens is installed at the output end of the front blade face focusing displacement stage. The front blade face camera is coaxially mounted above the variable magnification lens.

[0011] The back face observation mechanism is located on the rear side of the base surface and includes a lifting platform, a back face focusing displacement platform, an observation elevation platform and a coaxial optical tube connected in sequence from bottom to top. The coaxial optical tube is arranged in the front-back direction and the objective lens and the back face camera are respectively installed at its front and rear ends. The optical axis of the coaxial optical tube and the rotation axis of the B-axis precision turntable are located in the same vertical plane.

[0012] The three-axis tool displacement stage, the front tool face tool mechanism, and the rear tool face observation mechanism are respectively connected to the computer. The computer controls the movement of the three-axis tool displacement stage through the three-axis controller and receives images acquired by the front tool face camera and the rear tool face camera for image post-processing and three-dimensional visualization.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle between the orientation of the tool holder elevation stage and the Y-axis precision guide rail and the X-axis precision guide rail is 45°, and the tool fixture itself has a preset elevation angle.

[0014] Furthermore, the front blade face focusing displacement stage is composed of a horizontal fine-tuning device and a vertical fine-tuning device connected by corner brackets, which can perform attitude adjustment in both horizontal and vertical directions.

[0015] Furthermore, a lifting shim is installed between the elevation surface of the observation elevation stage and the coaxial optical tube to enhance the overall elevation angle.

[0016] Furthermore, the image post-processing is performed by computer-mounted software to perform image cropping and stitching operations: In the image acquired by the rear-facing camera, each pixel represents the actual distance. The imaging depth of field is The radius of the tested circular arc-shaped diamond tool is Then the width of the cropped image from each captured image is... The area is used for image stitching:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, This is a precision constant, corresponding to the number of pixels. indivual, Indicates rounding down;

[0019] The B-axis precision rotary table rotates at sequential angular intervals. satisfy:

[0020]

[0021] Let the tip angle of the circular arc diamond tool be... The total number of shots required for Second-rate.

[0022] Furthermore, the image post-processing also performs an image homogenization operation via computer-mounted software: firstly, for the stitched three-channel RGB back face image... Convert it to grayscale image And based on the grayscale threshold Construct an effective region mask Subsequently, the global mean value within the effective region was calculated for each of the three RGB channels. The filled image is obtained by replacing all invalid region pixels with the global mean of the corresponding channel. Employing a narrow, two-dimensional Gaussian kernel , Gaussian kernel convolution is applied to the filled image to obtain the local illumination field estimate. Calculate the brightness deviation between the global mean and the local illumination field. Brightness compensation is performed only on the effective area to obtain the corrected, uniformized RGB back face image.

[0023] A method for detecting defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond cutting tool includes the following steps:

[0024] Step S1: Start the system and install the tool, connect the three-axis controller, the front face camera and the back face camera, and clamp the tool to be tested on the tool holder;

[0025] Step S2: Adjust the magnification of the variable magnification lens according to the cutting edge size of the tool to be tested and the required testing accuracy;

[0026] Step S3: Adjust the focal length of the front face to make the front face image displayed by the front face camera clear until the cutting edge area is clearly imaged. Adjust the attitude of the variable magnification lens through the horizontal fine adjustment device and the vertical fine adjustment device to align the center of the image with the rotation center of the B-axis precision turntable.

[0027] Step S4: Determine the structure type of the back face of the tool to be tested: If it is a conical structure, adjust the pitch angle of the observation pitch stage to match the inclination angle of the back face; if it is a cylindrical structure, adjust the pitch angle of the tool holder pitch stage so that the back face can be fully entered into the observation field of the back face camera.

[0028] Step S5: The computer controls the Y-axis precision guide rail and X-axis precision guide rail of the three-axis tool displacement stage to move in linkage, so that the arc edge center of the tool to be tested reaches the rotation center of the B-axis precision rotary table, thus completing the tool setting.

[0029] Step S6: Control the lifting platform to move the coaxial optical lens barrel in the vertical direction, so that the field of view of the back face camera gradually approaches the back face area of ​​the tool.

[0030] Step S7: Adjust the back face focusing displacement stage to make the image on the back face clear;

[0031] Step S8: Calculate the total number of shots based on the tip angle of the tool under test and the single-frame field of view of the back face camera. and initialize the shooting sequence number. ;

[0032] Step S9: Control the B-axis precision rotary table to rotate to the specified position. At each shooting position, the back face camera is triggered to capture an image of the back face at the current position, causing... ;

[0033] Step S10: If Continue with step S9, if Proceed to step S11;

[0034] Step S11: The acquired multiple back face images are cropped, stitched together, and homogenized. Based on the rotation angle information corresponding to the B-axis precision turntable and the image position relationship, the morphology of the tool's back face is three-dimensionally unfolded and reconstructed to achieve three-dimensional visualization display.

[0035] Furthermore, the specific steps of the three-dimensional visualization in step S11 are as follows: construct a grid that is consistent with the geometry of the tool's back face, and map the uniformized RGB image onto the grid through UV mapping to form a spatial surface to display the defect location.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. The panoramic scanning instrument designed in this invention completes tool setting through X-axis and Y-axis precision guide rails and completes continuous rotation scanning through B-axis precision turntable. It solves the problems of traditional methods that rely on manual rotation and shooting and have a limited field of view. The scanning time of the complete back blade surface can be controlled within 2 minutes, and the detection efficiency is high.

[0038] 2. The panoramic scanning instrument designed in this invention, by setting up a tool holder elevation platform, an observation elevation platform and a lifting pad structure, can be adapted to different arc radii, different back angles and different back face structures such as conical or cylindrical surfaces, thereby improving the system's adaptability to different types of arc-shaped diamond tools.

[0039] 3. The image cropping, stitching, and uniformization algorithm proposed in this invention enables the acquired back face image to have good continuity and consistency. After image stitching, there are few residual stripes and the stitching marks are not obvious. It can clearly display grinding patterns, micro-cracks, and local broken areas, and can realize three-dimensional visualization of the back face, improving the detection quality and the intuitiveness of analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the scanning instrument of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric relationship between the image cropping and splicing parameters of the back blade surface in the detection method of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the image processing result of the back blade surface in the detection method of the present invention, wherein (a) is a cropped and spliced ​​image, (b) is a uniformized image, and (c) is a three-dimensional image;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the detection method of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 11. B-axis precision rotary table; 12. Y-axis precision guide rail; 13. X-axis precision guide rail; 14. Tool holder elevation stage; 15. Tool clamp; 21. Gantry support; 22. Horizontal fine-tuning device; 23. Vertical fine-tuning device; 24. Variable magnification lens; 25. Front face camera; 31. Lifting platform; 32. Rear face focusing displacement stage; 33. Observation elevation stage; 34. Lifting shim; 35. Coaxial optical tube; 36. Rear face camera; 37. Objective lens; 4. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The following problems exist with existing technologies:

[0047] Main issues:

[0048] Current methods for inspecting the flank face of circular arc-cut diamond tools rely on manual labor and cannot achieve panoramic observation. Existing methods typically use ordinary microscopes to observe local areas of the flank face. Due to the limited field of view of the microscopic system, only partial images of the flank face can be acquired, making it difficult to fully reflect the true morphology of the entire circular arc-cut flank face. When observing the complete flank face is required, it usually relies on manually adjusting the tool's posture and rotating it repeatedly to take pictures. This process is not only complex and inefficient, but also lacks a stable positional correspondence between different images, making image drift easy and hindering continuous, stable panoramic observation and subsequent analysis.

[0049] Secondary issues:

[0050] Firstly, the geometric parameters (relief angle, cutting edge radius and angle of divergence) and profile shape (conical or cylindrical flank face) of circular arc diamond tools vary, making it difficult for the flank face to be within the focal plane of the microscope throughout the entire measurement.

[0051] Secondly, in the process of stitching multi-field images of the back face, existing methods usually directly stitch the acquired images. Due to uneven distribution of microscopic illumination, changes in reflected brightness at different angles, and differences in grayscale at image edges, obvious brightness jumps and stitching stripes are easily generated between adjacent images, affecting the observation effect of defects on the back face.

[0052] This invention proposes a panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool, with an overall structure combining... Figure 1 As shown, the instrument includes a three-axis tool displacement stage, a front tool face mechanism, a rear tool face observation mechanism, and a base 4. The base 4 serves as the foundation for the instrument, supporting and mounting other components. The three-axis tool displacement stage is positioned in the center for tool clamping and attitude control. The front tool face mechanism and the rear tool face observation mechanism are located on the front and rear sides of the three-axis tool displacement stage, respectively, for tool edge position calibration and multi-view image acquisition of the rear tool face. All three components are bolted to the upper surface of the base 4. Specifically:

[0053] The three-axis tool displacement stage includes a B-axis precision rotary table 11, a Y-axis precision guide rail 12, an X-axis precision guide rail 13, a tool post pitch stage 14, and a tool fixture 15, wherein:

[0054] The B-axis precision rotary table 11 is fixedly mounted at the center of the base 4. The Y-axis precision guide rail 12 is horizontally fixed on the rotation surface of the B-axis precision rotary table 11. The X-axis precision guide rail 13 is horizontally fixed on the slider of the Y-axis precision guide rail 12. The X-axis precision guide rail 13 is arranged perpendicularly to the Y-axis precision guide rail 12. The tool holder pitch platform 14 is fixedly mounted on the slider of the X-axis precision guide rail 13, and the angle between the tool holder pitch platform 14 and the Y-axis precision guide rail 12 and the X-axis precision guide rail 13 is 45°, used for tool pitch adjustment. The tool holder 15 is fixedly mounted on the pitch surface of the tool holder pitch platform 14. The tool holder 15 has a preset pitch angle and is used to hold the handle of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool, so that the rake face of the tool naturally faces obliquely upward.

[0055] The front blade facing mechanism includes a gantry support 21, a front blade facing focusing and shifting stage, a variable magnification lens 24, and a front blade facing camera 25, wherein:

[0056] The two side supports of the gantry bracket 21 are fixedly installed on the front side of the base 4. A front blade face focusing displacement stage is mounted in the middle of the crossbeam of the gantry bracket 21. The front blade face focusing displacement stage is composed of a horizontal fine-tuning device 22 and a vertical fine-tuning device 23 connected by angle brackets, which can perform micro-adjustments in the horizontal and vertical directions. The variable magnification lens 24 is set downward and connected and fixed to the output end of the front blade face focusing displacement stage. The front blade face camera 25 is coaxially mounted above the variable magnification lens 24 for image acquisition of the front blade face of the tool.

[0057] The back face observation mechanism includes a lifting platform 31, a back face focusing and shifting platform 32, an observation elevation platform 33, a coaxial optical tube 35, a back face camera 36, ​​and an objective lens 37, wherein:

[0058] The lifting platform 31 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the base 4 for height adjustment of the coaxial optical tube 35. The back face focusing displacement platform 32 is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting platform 31 for front-to-back position adjustment of the coaxial optical tube 35. The observation elevation platform 33 is fixedly installed on the output end of the back face focusing displacement platform 32 for elevation adjustment of the coaxial optical tube 35. Lifting shims 34 of different angles can be optionally installed on the elevation surface of the observation elevation platform 33 to enhance the overall elevation angle. The coaxial optical tube 35 is fixedly installed along the front-to-back direction on the elevation surface of the observation elevation platform 33 or on top of the lifting shims 34. The objective lens 37 is installed at the front end of the coaxial optical tube 35, and the back face camera 36 is installed at the rear end of the coaxial optical tube 35. It should be noted that the optical axis of the coaxial optical tube 35 and the rotation axis of the B-axis precision turntable 11 should be located in the same vertical plane to ensure that the back face is always within the field of view of the back face camera 36 during tool rotation.

[0059] During operation, the X-axis precision guide rail 13 and Y-axis precision guide rail 12 of the three-axis tool displacement stage jointly control the horizontal displacement of the arc-shaped diamond tool to complete the tool setting motion. The B-axis precision rotary stage 11 controls the rotation of the arc-shaped diamond tool to complete the scanning motion. The front face camera 25 of the front face tool setting mechanism is used to acquire the front face image of the tool, and the rear face camera 36 of the rear face observation mechanism is used to acquire the rear face image of the tool. The three-axis tool displacement stage, the front face tool setting mechanism, and the rear face observation mechanism are respectively connected to a computer and use software for signal acquisition, processing, and control. The software first receives the image information from the front face camera 25, and then sends tool setting and scanning commands to the three-axis tool displacement stage through the three-axis controller. The B-axis precision rotary stage 11 rotates sequentially to the designated position on the rear face and receives the image information from the rear face camera 36, ​​obtaining a series of rear face images. Then, image post-processing and three-dimensional visualization are performed.

[0060] The above image post-processing includes two parts: image cropping and stitching, and image homogenization. A detailed description, combined with 3D visualization, is as follows:

[0061] (1) Image cropping and stitching:

[0062] Geometric relationship of cutting and splicing parameters Figure 2 As shown, in the image acquired by camera 36 on the back face of the blade, each pixel represents the actual distance. (mm), imaging depth of field is (mm), the radius of the tested arc-shaped diamond tool is (mm), then the width to be cropped from each captured image is The area in mm is used for image stitching:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, This is a precision constant, corresponding to the number of pixels. indivual, Indicates rounding down.

[0065] The B-axis precision rotary table 11 rotates sequentially at angular intervals. satisfy:

[0066]

[0067] Let the tip angle of the circular arc diamond tool be... The total number of shots required for Second-rate.

[0068] (2) Image homogenization:

[0069] Image homogenization is used to eliminate vertical stripes in the stitched image, combined with Figure 3 As shown in section (a), the cropped and stitched image without homogenization processing exhibits obvious vertical brightness stripes, affecting defect observation. For the stitched three-channel RGB back face image... Due to uneven illumination during the imaging process, low-frequency brightness stripes are generated along the scanning direction in the stitched result. To improve the stability of subsequent defect detection and texture analysis, a stitched image homogenization method based on global brightness estimation and narrow Gaussian field compensation is adopted. The steps are as follows:

[0070] First, convert the input RGB back face image to a grayscale image. And based on the grayscale threshold Construct an effective region mask :

[0071]

[0072] in, Indicates the effective area of ​​the flank face. This indicates invalid areas caused by background, shadows, or low reflectivity. This mask is used to eliminate the interference of low grayscale areas on the overall brightness statistics.

[0073] Subsequently, the global color mean within the effective region is calculated for each of the three RGB channels, and then the image for a single color channel is analyzed. Its global mean Defined as:

[0074]

[0075] in, .

[0076] To avoid invalid regions introducing abrupt boundary changes during subsequent filtering, all pixels in the invalid regions are replaced with the global mean of the corresponding channel, resulting in the filled image. , is represented as:

[0077]

[0078] A narrow two-dimensional Gaussian kernel is used to estimate the low-frequency illumination field of the image. The Gaussian kernel is defined as follows:

[0079]

[0080] in, This allows the filter kernel to have a large smooth range in the longitudinal direction while maintaining a high local resolution in the lateral direction, thereby constructing a low-frequency brightness field that varies continuously along the scanning direction.

[0081] Convolve the padded image with a Gaussian kernel to obtain the first... Local illumination field estimation for each channel:

[0082]

[0083] in, This represents the convolution operation.

[0084] Calculate the brightness deviation between the global mean and the local illumination field:

[0085]

[0086] Subsequently, brightness compensation was performed only on the effective area to obtain the corrected image:

[0087]

[0088] Finally, the homogenization process is completed, combined with Figure 3 As shown in section (b), the stripes are basically eliminated, the brightness is uniform, and the grinding marks and chipped areas are clearly visible. The resulting uniform RGB back face image is represented as follows:

[0089]

[0090] (3) 3D visualization:

[0091] By constructing a mesh with geometry consistent with the flank face, and using UV mapping, a uniform RGB flank face image is mapped onto the mesh to form a spatial surface. This surface is used to visually display the location of defects on the tool's flank face. Figure 3 As shown in section (c), the three-dimensional visualization results can intuitively show the spatial distribution of defects on the circular arc back face.

[0092] Based on the above scheme, a method for detecting defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool is further proposed, the process of which combines... Figure 4 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0093] Step S1: Start the system and install the cutting tools;

[0094] Start the computer software, connect the three-axis controller, front face camera 25 and back face camera 36, ​​confirm that the communication is normal, and stably clamp the diamond tool to be tested with circular arc edge on the tool holder 15 and bring it into the field of view of the front face camera 25.

[0095] Step S2: Select the magnification of the rake face microscope;

[0096] Based on the cutting edge size and detection accuracy requirements of the circular arc diamond tool to be tested, the magnification of the variable magnification lens 24 is adjusted to a suitable value so that the rake face camera 25 can obtain a rake face image with a resolution that meets the detection requirements.

[0097] Step S3: Adjust the focal length of the front blade and complete the fine-tuning;

[0098] By adjusting the axial position of the variable magnification lens 24, the image of the front face displayed by the front face camera 25 is made clear until the cutting edge area reaches a clear imaging state. Then, the horizontal and vertical attitudes of the variable magnification lens 24 are slightly adjusted by the horizontal fine adjustment device 22 and the vertical fine adjustment device 23 so that the center of the image is aligned with the rotation center of the B-axis precision turntable 11. During this process, the front face camera 25 acquires the front face image of the tool in real time, and the computer assists the operator in completing the focus adjustment based on the image clarity evaluation results.

[0099] Step S4: Adjust the angle of the lens barrel or clamp;

[0100] Determine the structural type of the flank face of the diamond tool under test with an arc-shaped cutting edge: If it is a conical structure, since the flank face has a fixed tilt angle, to ensure that the flank face remains within the depth of field of the flank face camera 36 during scanning, the tilt angle of the observation elevation stage 33 needs to be adjusted to match the tilt angle of the flank face. If the angle is insufficient, a lifting shim 34 can be added to the tilt surface of the observation elevation stage 33 to increase the overall elevation angle of the coaxial optical tube 35. If it is not a conical structure (i.e., a cylindrical structure), adjust the tilt angle of the tool holder elevation stage 14 so that the flank face can fully enter the observation field of view of the flank face camera 36. By adjusting, the normal direction of the flank face is made perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the flank face observation mechanism, thereby improving the imaging quality of the edge region of the flank face.

[0101] Step S5: Perform front tool face operation;

[0102] The computer, equipped with software, sends motion tool setting commands to the three-axis controller, driving the Y-axis precision guide rail 12 and X-axis precision guide rail 13 of the three-axis tool displacement stage to move in tandem, bringing the center of the arc-shaped cutting edge of the diamond tool under test to the rotation center of the B-axis precision rotary table 11. During the movement, the rake face camera 25 continuously acquires images of the rake face. The computer calculates the deviation between the current center of the arc-shaped cutting edge and the rotation center based on the position of the cutting edge contour, and iteratively corrects the positions of the X and Y axes until tool setting is completed. After tool setting is completed, the center of the arc-shaped cutting edge coincides with the rotation axis of the B-axis precision rotary table 11, thus preventing significant image drift errors in the cutting edge during subsequent rotational scanning.

[0103] Step S6: Move the lifting platform and locate the back face image;

[0104] The control lifting platform 31 drives the coaxial optical lens barrel 35 to move vertically, observing the image captured by the back face camera 36 in real time, so that the field of view of the back face camera 36 gradually approaches the back face area of ​​the tool. Since the coaxial optical lens barrel 35 and the B-axis precision rotary table 11 are coplanar, the back face of the tool can be quickly brought into the field of view of the back face camera 36 without adjusting the horizontal position.

[0105] Step S7: Adjust the focal length of the back face;

[0106] The back face is controlled to make axial fine adjustments to the focusing displacement stage 32, and the clarity of the back face image is observed in real time. If there is blurring in the edge area of ​​the back face, the pitch angle of the observation pitch stage 33 can be further adjusted to improve the focusing consistency of the edge area of ​​the back face.

[0107] Step S8: Calculate the total number of times the back face is photographed;

[0108] Based on the tip angle of the circular arc-shaped diamond tool under test and the single-frame field of view of the back face camera 36, ​​the total number of shots is calculated. and initialize the shooting sequence number. In this process, a certain overlap area is maintained between adjacent images to facilitate subsequent image stitching and 3D reconstruction.

[0109] Step S9: Control the B-axis rotation and acquire the image of the back face;

[0110] Take precision constant The computer, equipped with software, sends rotational scanning commands to the three-axis controller, driving the B-axis precision rotary table 11 to rotate to the [position missing]. At each shooting position, the B-axis precision turntable 11 rotates sequentially at angular intervals of [missing information]. When the B-axis precision rotary table 11 rotates to the target angle, it triggers the flank face camera 36 to acquire the flank face image at the current position and transmits it to the computer for storage. After completing the acquisition of the flank face image at the current position, it then... .

[0111] Step S10: Determine whether the scan is complete;

[0112] Determine the current shooting sequence number Is it greater than the total number of shots? :like Continue with step S9, controlling the B-axis precision turntable 11 to rotate to the next shooting position and acquire an image; if This indicates that all back face images have been acquired, and the process proceeds to step S11.

[0113] Step S11: Post-processing and 3D visualization of the flank face image;

[0114] The computer is equipped with software that calls the image post-processing module to crop, stitch, and homogenize multiple acquired images of the back face: first, based on the calculated cropping width... The process involves extracting strips of corresponding width from the central region of each image, then stitching all strips together in B-axis rotation order to form a complete panoramic image of the flank face. Finally, a uniformization method based on global brightness estimation and narrow Gaussian field compensation is used to uniformize the panoramic image of the flank face, eliminating vertical stripes. After post-processing, based on the rotation angle information corresponding to the B-axis precision rotary table 11 and the image position relationship, the flank face morphology is three-dimensionally unfolded and reconstructed, achieving three-dimensional visualization of the flank face wear area, grinding texture, and defect area.

[0115] The above method enables continuous panoramic scanning of the back face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool, solving the problem of limited observation range in traditional single-field observation, while improving the integrity of back face detection and morphology analysis capabilities.

[0116] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

[0117] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool, characterized in that: Includes a base (4) and a three-axis tool displacement stage, a front tool face tool mechanism and a rear tool face observation mechanism fixed on its surface; The three-axis tool displacement stage is located in the middle of the base (4) surface and includes a B-axis precision turntable (11), a Y-axis precision guide rail (12), an X-axis precision guide rail (13), a tool holder pitch stage (14), and a tool fixture (15) connected from bottom to top. The front blade face tool mechanism is located on the front side of the base (4) surface. The main body adopts a gantry bracket (21). The front blade face focusing displacement stage is mounted in the middle of its crossbeam. The output end of the front blade face focusing displacement stage is equipped with a downward-facing variable magnification lens (24). The front blade face camera (25) is coaxially mounted above the variable magnification lens (24). The back face observation mechanism is located on the rear side of the base (4) surface and includes a lifting platform (31), a back face focusing displacement platform (32), an observation elevation platform (33) and a coaxial optical tube (35) connected from bottom to top. The coaxial optical tube (35) is arranged in the front-back direction and has an objective lens (37) and a back face camera (36) installed at its front and rear ends respectively. The optical axis of the coaxial optical tube (35) and the rotation axis of the B-axis precision turntable (11) are located in the same vertical plane. The three-axis tool displacement stage, the front tool face tool mechanism and the rear tool face observation mechanism are respectively connected to the computer. The computer controls the movement of the three-axis tool displacement stage through the three-axis controller and receives images collected by the front tool face camera (25) and the rear tool face camera (36) for image post-processing and three-dimensional visualization.

2. The panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orientation of the tool holder elevation platform (14) is 45° with the Y-axis precision guide rail (12) and the X-axis precision guide rail (13), and the tool holder (15) has a preset elevation angle.

3. A panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front blade face focusing displacement stage is composed of a horizontal fine adjustment device (22) and a vertical fine adjustment device (23) connected by a corner code, which can perform attitude adjustment in the horizontal and vertical directions.

4. A panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lifting pad (34) is installed between the elevation surface of the observation elevation platform (33) and the coaxial optical tube (35) to enhance the overall elevation angle.

5. A panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image post-processing is performed by computer-mounted software to perform image cropping and stitching operations: In the image acquired by the rear-face camera (36), each pixel represents the actual distance. The imaging depth of field is The radius of the tested circular arc-shaped diamond tool is Then the width of the cropped image from each captured image is... The area is used for image stitching: In the formula, This is a precision constant, corresponding to the number of pixels. indivual, Indicates rounding down; The B-axis precision rotary table (11) rotates sequentially at intervals of angle. satisfy: Let the tip angle of the circular arc diamond tool be... The total number of shots required for Second-rate.

6. A panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The image post-processing also performs an image homogenization operation through computer-mounted software: firstly, for the stitched three-channel RGB back face image... Convert it to grayscale image And based on the grayscale threshold Construct an effective region mask Subsequently, the global mean value within the effective region was calculated for each of the three RGB channels. The filled image is obtained by replacing all invalid region pixels with the global mean of the corresponding channel. Employing a narrow, two-dimensional Gaussian kernel , Gaussian kernel convolution is applied to the filled image to obtain the local illumination field estimate. Calculate the brightness deviation between the global mean and the local illumination field. Brightness compensation is performed only on the effective area to obtain the corrected, uniformized RGB back face image.

7. A method for detecting defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond cutting tool, characterized in that: A panoramic scanning instrument for defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool according to any one of claims 1-6, the detection method of which includes the following steps: Step S1: Start the system and install the tool, connect the three-axis controller, the front face camera (25) and the back face camera (36), and clamp the tool to be tested on the tool holder (15); Step S2: Adjust the magnification of the variable magnification lens (24) according to the cutting edge size and detection accuracy requirements of the tool to be tested; Step S3: Adjust the focal length of the front face so that the front face image displayed by the front face camera (25) is clear until the cutting edge area is clearly imaged. Adjust the attitude of the variable magnification lens (24) through the horizontal fine adjustment device (22) and the vertical fine adjustment device (23) so that the center of the image is aligned with the rotation center of the B-axis precision turntable (11). Step S4: Determine the structural type of the back face of the tool to be tested: If it is a conical structure, adjust the pitch angle of the observation pitch stage (33) to match the pitch angle of the back face; if it is a cylindrical structure, adjust the pitch angle of the tool holder pitch stage (14) so ​​that the back face can be fully entered into the observation field of the back face camera (36). Step S5: The computer controls the Y-axis precision guide rail (12) and X-axis precision guide rail (13) of the three-axis tool displacement stage to move in linkage, so that the arc edge center of the tool to be tested reaches the rotation center of the B-axis precision turntable (11) to complete the tool setting; Step S6: Control the lifting platform (31) to drive the coaxial optical lens tube (35) to move in the vertical direction, so that the field of view of the back face camera (36) gradually approaches the back face area of ​​the tool; Step S7: Adjust the back face focusing displacement stage (32) to make the image on the back face clear; Step S8: Calculate the total number of shots based on the tip angle of the tool under test and the single-frame field of view angle of the back face camera (36). and initialize the shooting sequence number. ; Step S9: Control the B-axis precision rotary table (11) to rotate to the [position missing]. At each shooting position, the back face camera (36) is triggered to acquire the back face image at the current position, causing... ; Step S10: If Continue with step S9, if Proceed to step S11; Step S11: The multiple images of the back face of the tool are cropped, spliced ​​and uniformized. Based on the rotation angle information of the B-axis precision turntable (11) and the image position relationship, the morphology of the back face of the tool is three-dimensionally unfolded and reconstructed to achieve three-dimensional visualization display.

8. The method for detecting defects on the flank face of a circular arc-shaped diamond tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps of the three-dimensional visualization in step S11 are as follows: construct a grid that is geometrically consistent with the back face of the tool, and map the uniformized RGB image onto the grid through UV mapping to form a spatial surface to display the location of the defect.

Images