A mud mask base with makeup removing effect, and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a mud mask base with makeup removing effect and its preparation method and application, which comprises the following components in mass fraction: polyhydric alcohol 4-8 parts, chelating agent 0.05-0.2 parts, thickening agent 0.1-1 part, preservative 0.1-1 part, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-2 parts, hydroxypropyl starch phosphate 0.5-5 parts, aluminum starch octenyl succinate 0.5-5 parts, sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglyceryl-6 dicaprate complex 1-5 parts, solid oil 2-5 parts, liquid oil 5-10 parts, neutralizing agent 0-2 parts, composite powder 5-10 parts, oil-soluble emulsifier 1.5-4 parts, anionic emulsifier 0.2-1 part, and purified water to 100 parts. The makeup removing mud mask base provided by the present application reduces the amount of emulsifier by reasonable compounding of each component, significantly improves the makeup removing ability of the mud mask, reduces the cost, improves the stability of the product, and optimizes the skin feel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cosmetic technology, and in particular to a mud film matrix with makeup removal function, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream makeup remover market in China generally suffers from structural shortcomings, making it difficult to balance cleansing power, gentleness, and user experience. The industry's products exhibit significant pain points and homogenization: Cleansing oils, which have the highest market share, while offering strong makeup-dissolving capabilities, requiring no friction, and suitable for heavy makeup and sensitive skin, generally suffer from a sticky feel, clogged pores on oily skin, incomplete emulsification leading to pore blockage, and eye irritation, resulting in a poor user experience in summer. Cleansing balms, the fastest-growing category, balance cleansing power and a refreshing feel, with safe and skin-friendly ingredients and good portability, but suffer from cumbersome application steps and a hard texture at low temperatures. The current makeup remover market suffers from several shortcomings. Firstly, it's difficult to spread, prone to bacterial growth after opening, and unsuitable for removing heavy waterproof makeup. Secondly, while mainstream makeup removers, like water-based products, have captured the market with their refreshing feel and cost-effectiveness, their cleansing power is weak, suitable only for light daily makeup. Repeated wiping with cotton pads can damage the skin barrier, causing redness and sensitivity, and long-term use can lead to stratum corneum damage. Furthermore, they consume a lot of product, resulting in high overall costs. Thirdly, niche products like makeup remover milk and wipes also generally suffer from insufficient cleansing power, strong irritation, and high residue rates, making them unsuitable for all skin types and all makeup removal needs. Overall, existing makeup removers all have unavoidable drawbacks, failing to simultaneously meet consumers' core demands for efficient makeup removal, gentle skincare, a refreshing feel, ease of use, and suitability for all scenarios. This represents a significant gap in the current makeup remover market's upgrade and iteration process.

[0004] Against this industry backdrop, makeup-removing mud masks, with their differentiated and innovative features, possess strong product development advantages and broad market prospects. Utilizing natural absorbent matrices such as kaolin and volcanic mud, makeup-removing mud masks break through the technological limitations of traditional makeup removers. They inherit the advantages of oil-based products in deeply dissolving makeup and thoroughly cleaning pores, while addressing the pain points of oil-based products—stickiness, breakouts, and emulsification residue—through the absorbent properties of mud. Simultaneously, they avoid the drawbacks of cleansing water, such as abrasion and insufficient cleansing power. In terms of user experience and efficacy, their refreshing, non-greasy texture is suitable for various skin types, including oily and combination skin. They can remove makeup, absorb oil, clean pores, and soothe and nourish the skin in one step, achieving "makeup removal and nourishment in one." No secondary cleansing is required, simplifying the skincare process. Furthermore, the aseptic application method is more hygienic and suitable for all seasons and full-makeup scenarios, perfectly addressing the shortcomings of traditional makeup removers. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to develop a mud mask matrix with effective makeup removal properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a mud mask matrix with makeup-removing properties and its preparation method. Experimental verification shows that the makeup-removing mud mask matrix provided by the present invention, through the rational compounding of its components, achieves synergistic stability, reduces the amount of emulsifier used, lowers costs, and simultaneously improves product stability and optimizes skin feel. Furthermore, based on the rational compounding of the above components, the makeup-removing ability of the mud mask is significantly enhanced. Based on the above research results, the present invention is thus completed.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a mud mask matrix with makeup-removing properties, comprising, by weight parts, at least the following components: 4-8 parts polyol, 0.05-0.2 parts chelating agent, 0.1-1 parts thickener, 0.1-1 parts preservative, 1-2 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.5-5 parts hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, 0.5-5 parts aluminum octenyl succinate, 1-5 parts sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, 2-5 parts solid oil, 5-10 parts liquid oil, 0-2 parts neutralizing agent, 5-10 parts composite powder, 1.5-4 parts oil-soluble emulsifier, 0.2-1 parts anionic emulsifier, and purified water to make up to 100 parts. This application provides a matrix to which other active substances can be added.

[0008] Preferably, the polyol is any one or a combination of more of the following: glycerol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, and pentanediol;

[0009] Preferably, the chelating agent is any one or a combination of more than one of disodium EDTA and tetrasodium EDTA;

[0010] Preferably, the thickener is one or a combination of sodium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate grafted starch, carbomer, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylate crosspolymer-6, EMT 10, SEPIPLUS 400, SIMULGEL EG, xanthan gum, sclerotinia gum, TEGO® Carbomer 341 ER, and Pemulen™ EZ-4U Polymer;

[0011] The preservatives are two or more of the following: phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, and 1,2-hexanediol.

[0012] The neutralizing agent is any one or a combination of tromethamine, arginine, and triethanolamine.

[0013] Solid fats include one or more combinations of white beech wax, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol;

[0014] The liquid oil is one or more of the following: caprylic / capric triglyceride, isononyl isononanoate, dioctyl carbonate, mineral oil, squalane, and meadowfoam seed oil.

[0015] The composite powder is a combination of one or more of the following: kaolin, Mannigüggen glacial mud, and montmorillonite.

[0016] The composite powder is a combination of kaolin, Mannig-Guggen glacial mud and montmorillonite, with a mass ratio of (2-5):(0-0.3):(3-7).

[0017] The oil-soluble emulsifier is any one or a combination of Olivem 1000, MONTANOV L, TEGO® Care 165 MB, OLI-9022 emulsifier, and TEGO® Care PBS 6 MB.

[0018] The anionic emulsifier is one or more of potassium cetyl phosphate and sodium stearoyl glutamate.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a mud mask matrix with makeup removal function, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Aqueous phase preparation: The above polyol, chelating agent, thickener, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, composite powder, and anionic emulsifier are added to water, stirred and dispersed until there are no particles, and then heated.

[0021] S2. Oil phase preparation: Starch octenyl succinate aluminum, sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, oil-soluble emulsifier, solid oil and liquid oil are heated until melted;

[0022] S3. Homogenization: Mix the aqueous phase and oil phase together and homogenize. After cooling, add the preservative and neutralizing agent and stir until evenly mixed.

[0023] There is no specific order between steps S1 and S2.

[0024] Preferably, in steps S1 and S2, the heating temperature is 80-85°C.

[0025] In step S3, when the temperature is reduced to 55-60°C, preservatives and neutralizers are added; the homogenization speed is 6000-8000 rpm and the homogenization time is 3-8 min.

[0026] A third aspect of the invention also provides the application of the mud film matrix with makeup removal function in the preparation of cosmetics.

[0027] In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a cosmetic product comprising a mud film matrix with the above-mentioned makeup-removing effect. The cosmetic product may be any known cosmetic dosage form, such as an emulsion, cream, etc.

[0028] The beneficial technical effects of one or more of the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0029] The above technical solution provides a makeup-removing mud mask base, adding sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex as the main surfactant for makeup removal, and starch octenyl succinate aluminum and hydroxypropyl starch phosphate as non-emulsifier ingredients for skin feel adjustment powder. Through the reasonable combination of the above three ingredients, the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0030] 1. We unexpectedly discovered that the above three components can partially replace traditional emulsifiers, maintain the stability of the system, and that the above three components have a certain synergistic effect, and none of them can be omitted.

[0031] 2. This invention solves the problem of poor makeup removal ability when using sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex as the main surfactant for makeup removal. The combination of the above three ingredients significantly improves the makeup removal ability of the system while being gentle and non-irritating. The combination of the three ingredients also has a certain synergistic effect on makeup removal ability, and the combination of the three ingredients maximizes the effectiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0033] Figure 1 This is the mud film matrix sample from Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 The results of the skin oil content test for Experiment Example 4 are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0036] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. The present invention will be further illustrated by way of embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention to the scope of the embodiments described. Unless otherwise specified, the test methods used in the embodiments and comparative examples are conventional methods; the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified; and the percentages mentioned in the embodiments and comparative examples are mass percentages unless otherwise specified.

[0038] Raw materials and their sources involved in the examples:

[0039] Table 1. Raw materials and their sources involved in the examples

[0040] Raw material name Chinese name source Olivem 1000 Cetearyl alcohol olive oil ester, sorbitan olive oil ester Purchased from HALLSTAR BEAUTY ANDPERSONALCARE SOLUTIONSCOMPANY MONTANOV L C14-22 alcohol, C12-20 alkyl glucoside Purchased from SEPPIC SA TEGO® Care 165 MB PEG-100 stearate, glyceryl stearate Purchased from Evonik Operations GmbH OLI-9022 emulsifier Stearyl alcohol polyether-25, stearyl alcohol polyether-3 Purchased from Shanghai Aoli Industrial Co., Ltd. TEGO® Care PBS 6 MB Polyglycerol-6 stearate, polyglycerol-6 behenate Purchased from Evonik Operations GmbH SEPIPLUS 400 Acrylate-13, polyisobutylene, polysorbate-20, sorbitan isostearate, water Purchased from SEPPIC SA TEGO® Carbomer 341 ER Acrylic (ester) crosspolymers, C10-30 alkanol acrylate crosspolymers Purchased from Evonik Operations GmbH Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate Purchased from Beijing Chongzhen Science and Trade Co., Ltd. Aluminum octenyl succinate of starch Aluminum octenyl succinate of starch Purchased from Shanghai Fankai Industrial Co., Ltd. Sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex Sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate and polyglycerol-6 didecanoate, in a mass ratio of 6:4 Purchased from Shanghai Gefeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. EMT 10 Hydroxyethyl acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, sorbitan isostearate, polysorbate-60 Purchased from SEPPIC SA SIMULGEL EG Sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, water, isohexadecane, polysorbate-80, sorbitan oleate Purchased from SEPPIC SA Pemulen™ EZ-4U Polymer Acrylic (ester) crosspolymers / C10-30 alkanol acrylate crosspolymers Lubrizol Advanced Materials,Inc. Table 2. Raw material composition of the examples and comparative examples

[0041]

[0042] The preparation methods of the matrix samples described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-12 include the following steps:

[0043] S1. Aqueous phase preparation: Add the above polyol, chelating agent, thickener, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, composite powder, and anionic emulsifier into water, stir and disperse until there are no particles, and heat to 80-85°C.

[0044] S2. Oil phase preparation: Heat starch octenyl succinate aluminum, sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, oil-soluble emulsifier, solid oil and liquid oil until melted, and keep warm at 80-85℃;

[0045] S3. Homogenization: Mix the aqueous phase and oil phase and homogenize at a speed of 7500 rpm for 6 minutes. When the temperature drops to 55-60℃, add the preservative and neutralizing agent and stir until the mixture is homogeneous to obtain the sample.

[0046] Experimental Example 1: Stability Experiment

[0047] The samples from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-12 were placed at room temperature, -18℃, 4℃, 45℃, and subjected to thermal cycling (-18℃, 4℃, 45℃, once every 3 days) for a corresponding period of time to observe their stability. The stability of the product was judged by whether phenomena such as oil release, water release, or coarsening of the material occurred. If no unstable phenomena such as oil release, water release, or coarsening of the material occurred, the stability was considered passed. If the stability was not passed, the reason was indicated. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0048] Table 3. Stability Study Results of Mud Film Matrix Samples for Makeup Removal Efficacy in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-12

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 3, and from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-12, the mud film matrix with makeup removal function prepared by the present invention achieves synergistic stability among emulsifiers through reasonable compounding, reducing the amount of emulsifier used, lowering costs, and improving product stability.

[0051] Experimental Example 2: Stimulus Evaluation Experiment

[0052] The experiment recruited 30 subjects, regardless of gender, aged 23-50 years. Examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-12 were used as test subjects, and the blank was used as a negative control. The test method was to select an area not exceeding 50 mm². 2 A suitable spot tester with a depth of approximately 1 mm was used. Approximately 0.020–0.025 g of the test substance was added to the spot tester using a closed patch test method. Hypoallergenic adhesive tape was applied to the back of the subject. Each tester had 15 samples (blank group, Examples 1–3, and Comparative Examples 1–12). The test substance was removed after 24 hours. Skin reactions were observed at 0.5, 24, and 48 hours after removal. The results were recorded according to the skin reaction grading standards in the "Cosmetic Safety Technical Specifications 2015" (Table 4). Detailed results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0053] Table 4 Skin Reaction Grading Standards

[0054]

[0055] Table 5 Results of the Stimulus Evaluation Experiment

[0056]

[0057] As shown in the table above, the mud mask matrix with makeup removal function prepared in this invention is gentler and less irritating than Comparative Example 9 (using sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex alone), Comparative Example 11 (two times the amount of oil-soluble emulsifier), and Comparative Example 12 (two times the amount of oil-soluble emulsifier + addition of other emulsifiers to stabilize the system) under the same oil conditions.

[0058] Experiment Example 3: Real-world usage test among the population

[0059] Twenty women aged 20-35 who regularly wear full-face makeup were selected. Each product was used for three days, and each sample...

[0060] Submit a questionnaire immediately after using the product. The questionnaire scores the product based on three dimensions: makeup removal power, emulsification and cleansing power, and gentleness of use (including whether it stings the eyes). The average score is calculated by combining the scores. The specific results can be found in Table 6.

[0061] Scoring criteria: 1-5 points, with 5 points being the best and 1 point being the worst.

[0062] Table 6. Volunteer Test Results

[0063]

[0064] As shown in the table above, the samples of Examples 1-3 provided by this invention all scored above 4.60 in terms of makeup removal power, emulsification and cleansing power, and gentleness. This indicates that the makeup-removing mud mask provided by this invention has significant advantages in makeup removal power, cleansing power, and gentleness. Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1-6, it is evident that the combination of sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, starch octenyl succinate aluminum, and hydroxypropyl starch phosphate provides better makeup removal power and emulsification and cleansing power compared to using them individually or in combination, and also exhibits a certain synergistic effect. Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 7-9, it is evident that increasing the sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex alone can increase the makeup removal power and emulsification and cleansing power of the system, but its gentleness is significantly reduced, resulting in greater irritation and making it unsuitable for consumer use. Furthermore, excessively increasing the sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex also increases the development cost of the formulation. The sample of Example 1 provided by this invention uses a combination of sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, starch octenyl succinate aluminum, and hydroxypropyl starch phosphate. The skin-feel-adjusting powder with starch octenyl succinate aluminum and hydroxypropyl starch phosphate as non-emulsifiers replaces part of the makeup-removing surfactants, reducing the concentration of the single sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, thereby reducing the formulation cost, while maintaining excellent makeup removal and emulsification cleansing power. This is an unexpected innovative breakthrough.

[0065] Experiment Example 4: 15-minute oil control evaluation experiment

[0066] (a) Subjects: A total of 33 subjects, including 8 males and 25 females, aged 20 to 40 years, with an average age of 32.6 ± 6.3 years, who met the subject voluntary inclusion criteria.

[0067] (II) Test indicators and test sites: Skin oil content test: forehead area.

[0068] (III) Test instrument: Sebumeter (SM815, Courage and Khazaka, Germany) for skin oil content testing.

[0069] (iv) Test environment: Temperature: 20.2 ℃~21.8 ℃, relative humidity: 40%~56%.

[0070] (V) Test Procedure:

[0071] (1) On the morning of the visit, the subjects did not wash their face, apply skin care products, makeup and sun protection products. After the visit, they sat quietly in the test environment for 30 minutes. Then the oil content of the skin on both sides of the forehead area was measured as the initial value.

[0072] Wet the entire face with water. Take about 4g of the sample from Example 1 and apply it evenly to one side of the subject's face. Take 4g of the commercially available mud mask sample and apply it evenly to the other side of the subject's face, avoiding the eye and lip areas. After waiting for 15 minutes, wipe off the mud mask with a tissue and wash it off with warm water. Rinse the control area with water in the same way and pat the face dry with a lint-free tissue.

[0073] In a constant temperature and humidity environment, the skin oil content was measured again 15 minutes after the sample was washed away.

[0074] Table 7 Results of Skin Oil Content Test

[0075]

[0076] Commercially available mud masks were selected as samples for comparative testing in Example 1. The mud mask matrix prepared by this invention, which has makeup removal function, not only has makeup removal function, but also has better oil control function in 15 minutes compared with traditional mud masks.

Claims

1. A mud mask base with makeup removal function, characterized in that: By weight, it shall include at least the following components: 4-8 parts polyol, 0.05-0.2 parts chelating agent, 0.1-1 parts thickener, 0.1-1 parts preservative, 1-2 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.5-5 parts hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, 0.5-5 parts aluminum octenyl succinate starch, 1-5 parts sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, 2-5 parts solid oil, 5-10 parts liquid oil, 0-2 parts neutralizing agent, 5-10 parts composite powder, 1.5-4 parts oil-soluble emulsifier, 0.2-1 parts anionic emulsifier, and purified water to make up to 100 parts.

2. The mud film matrix with makeup removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polyol is any one or a combination of multiple of glycerol, butanediol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, and pentanediol; The chelating agent is any one or a combination of multiple of disodium EDTA and tetrasodium EDTA. The thickener is any one or a combination of sodium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate grafted starch, carbomer, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylate crosspolymer-6, EMT 10, SEPIPLUS 400, SIMULGEL EG, sclerotinia gum, TEGO® Carbomer341 ER, and Pemulen™ EZ-4U Polymer. The preservative is a combination of two or more of phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, and 1,2-hexanediol. The neutralizing agent is any one or a combination of multiple of tromethamine, arginine, and triethanolamine.

3. The mud film matrix with makeup removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid fat is any one or a combination of white beech wax, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol; The liquid oil is any one or a combination of caprylic / capric triglyceride, isononyl isononanoate, dioctyl carbonate, mineral oil, squalane, and meadowfoam seed oil.

4. The mud film matrix with makeup removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite powder is any one or a combination of kaolin, Mannigüggen Glacier mud, and montmorillonite. Furthermore, the composite powder is a combination of kaolin, Mannigüggen glacial mud and montmorillonite, with a mass ratio of (2-5):(0-0.3):(3-7).

5. The mud film matrix with makeup removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil-soluble emulsifier is any one or a combination of Olivem 1000, MontanoV L, TEGO® Care 165 MB, OLI-9022 emulsifier, and TEGO® Care PBS 6MB.

6. The mud film matrix with makeup removal function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anionic emulsifier is one or more of potassium cetyl phosphate and sodium stearoyl glutamate.

7. The method for preparing the mud film matrix with makeup removal function according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Aqueous phase preparation: The above polyol, chelating agent, thickener, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, composite powder, and anionic emulsifier are added to water, stirred and dispersed until there are no particles, and then heated. S2. Oil phase preparation: Starch octenyl succinate aluminum, sorbitol polyether-30 tetraisostearate / polyglycerol-6 didecanoate complex, oil-soluble emulsifier, solid oil and liquid oil are heated until melted; S3. Homogenization: Mix the aqueous phase and oil phase together and homogenize. After cooling, add the preservative and neutralizing agent and stir until evenly mixed. There is no specific order between steps S1 and S2.

8. The method for preparing a mud mask matrix with makeup removal function according to claim 7, characterized in that, In steps S1 and S2, the heating temperature is 80-85℃. In step S3, when the temperature is lowered to 55-60°C, preservatives and neutralizers are added; the homogenization speed is 6000-8000 rpm and the homogenization time is 3-8 min.

9. The use of the mud film matrix with makeup removal function as described in any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of cosmetics.

10. A cosmetic product, characterized in that, The cosmetic product comprises a mud film base with the makeup removal effect described in any one of claims 1-6, and the cosmetic product includes emulsions and creams.

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