Laser rust removal device and method for truck wheel pair

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of laser rust removal, and relates to a freight car wheel set laser rust removal device and method, which comprises a base, a gantry, a walking mechanism, a laser machine unit, a rotating mechanism and a wheel pushing mechanism. The laser head in the laser machine unit is arranged at the lower part of the walking mechanism, and the walking mechanism can carry the laser head to move along the Y-axis and Z-axis directions respectively. The laser head comprises a laser head one and a laser head two. The laser head one can emit a laser beam one which is a continuous wave laser, and the laser head two can emit a laser beam two which is a pulse modulated continuous wave laser or a composite pulse continuous wave laser. The laser beam one and the laser beam two can irradiate the same wheel surface at the same time, and the landing positions of the two laser beams on the wheel set keep a state of being distributed alternately on the wheel surface, and the landing position of the laser beam two is on the upstream side of the wheel set rotation direction relative to the landing position of the laser beam one. The present application improves the mechanism form of the interaction between the laser beam and the wheel set, can improve the cleaning effect on rust and improve the efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of laser rust removal and cleaning operations for truck wheelsets, specifically relating to a laser rust removal device and method for truck wheelsets. Background Technology

[0002] Freight car wheelsets (also known as locomotive and rolling stock wheelsets) are an important component of the locomotive and rolling stock running gear. They consist of two identical wheels and one axle, tightly connected at both ends of the axle diameter with an interference fit. According to locomotive safety management regulations, locomotives require maintenance after a certain period of operation, one aspect of which is magnetic particle testing of the wheelsets. Magnetic particle testing of wheelsets is a crucial part of running gear maintenance, aiming to detect and address potential defects. The accuracy of the data directly impacts the safe operation of the locomotive and rolling stock. Before magnetic particle testing, all rust on the surface of the wheelset to be tested must be removed to expose the basic metal surface. Wheelsets with incomplete rust removal cannot undergo testing. In other words, rust removal of the wheelset surface is a prerequisite for magnetic particle testing, and its quality directly affects the accuracy of the test data, playing a vital role in ensuring railway transportation safety. Traditional wheelset rust removal methods mainly include shot blasting, wire brushing, and high-pressure water jetting. While these methods can remove rust from the wheelset surface to some extent, they suffer from one or more drawbacks, such as severe pollution, low efficiency, and high noise levels. Laser rust removal, as an emerging laser cleaning technology, offers advantages such as high efficiency, minimal or no pollution, and low cost, and is increasingly being widely used in rust removal operations for components / workpieces including truck wheelsets.

[0003] The basic principle of laser rust removal is to use a laser to emit short-pulse, high-energy laser beams to irradiate the rust / rust spots / rust layers on the surface of the workpiece. Once the rust absorbs the laser energy and converts it into heat, the internal temperature of the rust rises rapidly. When the temperature reaches the vaporization temperature of the rust, it is vaporized and decomposed, thus achieving rust removal. However, when the laser irradiates the surface of a train wheelset, most of the laser energy is absorbed by the rust layer, some penetrates the rust layer and acts on the metal substrate, and a small portion is reflected away. Therefore, in laser rust removal, it is necessary to consider not only the interaction between the rust and the laser, but also the interaction between the metal substrate and the laser. The rust on the surface of train wheelsets is usually a thin layer. When the laser irradiates the surface, some laser energy is absorbed and reflected by the rust, while the remaining laser energy penetrates the rust and reaches the metal substrate, where it is absorbed and reflected. To prevent the laser beam from damaging the surface material properties of the metal substrate, it is necessary to accurately control the interaction time between the laser beam and the rust layer, as well as the energy intensity of the laser beam, the distance between the laser beam emission position and the rust layer, and the incident angle, in order to achieve a good rust removal effect.

[0004] As shown in the patent documents disclosed by CN212264050U (authorization announcement number: CN217411746U, titled "A Laser Cleaning System for Train Wheelsets"), CN111497790A (application publication number: CN111497790A, titled "A Support Platform for Laser Cleaning of Train Wheelsets"), the existing technology generally employs a method where the wheels of the wheelset are driven to rotate around their axle, while the laser head / laser emitter (or the laser beam it emits) moves relative to the wheelset along the axle's axial direction. As the wheelset rotates, the laser beam directed at the wheelset's surface gradually ablates the rust layer, ultimately achieving the purpose of cleaning the rust. The prominent problems with the existing technology include: 1) Laser rust removal is a cleaning method that uses a laser emitter or laser beam to ablate the rust layer on the surface of the wheelset (axle) by performing a composite motion relative to the wheelset along the circumference and axial direction. This requires that the composite motion between the laser beam and the wheelset be regular and uniform. In this way, the total contact time between the laser beam and the rust layer at various points on the outer circumference of the wheelset is basically consistent. In order to prevent adverse effects on the metal substrate of the wheelset, the total contact time between the laser beam and various points on the circumference of the wheelset is generally controlled within 3 minutes. However, in actual working conditions, the degree of rust at various points on the circumference of most wheelsets is different, that is, the thickness of the rust layer at various points on the wheelset is not exactly the same. When using existing laser rust removal equipment to clean the rust on the wheelset, the cleaning effect / thoroughness of the rust at different points on the wheelset is not the same, and there may be situations where the rust at certain locations on the wheelset is not thoroughly cleaned. 2) Existing laser rust removal devices (with rotating mechanisms) mostly rotate the wheelset by driving the circumferential surfaces of the two wheels. These circumferential surfaces are designed as conical annular structures, and the wear levels of the two wheels on the circumferential surfaces can differ during operation. When using the rotating mechanism of existing laser rust removal devices to drive the wheelset on both sides (rotating counterclockwise), irregular wobbling of the wheelset relative to its axis can easily occur. This results in the wheelset's axis not being able to maintain a stable horizontal / horizontal state, meaning that the axle height of one wheel is often lower than that of the other. This causes the laser beam to radiate to different depths on the axle surface in its width direction, resulting in significant differences in the cleaning effect / thoroughness of rust along the axial direction of the wheelset, leading to poor uniformity and consistency. Even if the method of driving the wheel rims is changed, the significant difference in the thickness of the worn rims on both sides can easily cause the wheelset's axis to deviate in the horizontal / horizontal direction, failing to overcome the aforementioned problem of poor uniformity and consistency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention relates to a laser rust removal device and method for truck wheelsets, which improves the mechanism of interaction between the laser beam and the wheelset, thereby improving the cleaning effect on rust on the wheelset and suppressing the occurrence of incomplete rust removal on the wheelset. The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is as follows.

[0006] A laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets includes a gantry frame fixed on a base, a traveling mechanism mounted on the gantry frame, a laser unit, a rotating mechanism that drives the wheelset to rotate relative to the base, and a pusher mechanism that controllably keeps the wheelset fixed / positioned and rolling relative to the base in the X-axis direction. The laser head in the laser unit is located at the lower part of the traveling mechanism, enabling the traveling mechanism to carry the laser head and move it along the Y-axis and Z-axis directions, while allowing adjustment of the laser head's left-right position and vertical height.

[0007] The laser head of the laser unit includes laser head one and laser head two. Laser beam one emitted from laser head one and laser beam two emitted from laser head two can simultaneously illuminate the same circumferential surface, and the landing positions of the two laser beams on the wheelset are maintained in an alternating pattern on the circumferential surface. Furthermore, the landing position of laser beam two is upstream of the landing position of laser beam one in the direction of wheelet rotation. Simultaneously, laser beam two emitted from laser head two is a continuous wave laser beam, while laser beam one emitted from laser head one is a pulse-modulated continuous laser or a composite pulsed continuous laser.

[0008] Optionally, the traveling mechanism includes a lateral traveling unit and a vertical traveling unit. The lateral traveling unit includes a transmission part and a slide table mounted on the crossbeam of the gantry, and the slide table can move relative to the gantry along the Y-axis direction under the drive of the transmission part. The vertical traveling unit includes a transmission part and a sliding arm mounted on the slide table, and the sliding arm can move relative to the slide table along the Z-axis direction under the drive of the transmission part; the length direction of the sliding arm is arranged vertically, and a mounting seat is provided at the lower part / lower end of the sliding arm.

[0009] Laser head one and laser head two are fixedly mounted on the mounting base via a bracket structure. It is required that both laser head one and laser head two be adjustable on the bracket structure, so that laser beam one and laser beam two can be adjusted and maintained to simultaneously irradiate the same circumferential surface, with the landing positions of the two laser beams on the wheelset maintaining an alternating distribution on the circumferential surface, and the landing position of laser beam two being upstream of the landing position of laser beam one in the direction of wheelet rotation.

[0010] Optionally, the support structure includes a support arm extending downwardly at an angle in the XZ plane, and a support plate extending in the X-axis direction. The support plate is positioned above the support arm. A vertical arm extending in the vertical direction is provided on the support plate, and the position of the vertical arm relative to the support plate in both the X-axis direction and the vertical direction is adjustable.

[0011] Laser head one is located near the upper root of the support arm, so that laser beam one is emitted roughly along the extension direction of the support arm. Laser head two is located at the lower part of the vertical arm, and the beam emitting end of laser head two is oriented towards the free end of the support arm, so that laser beam two is emitted at an angle towards the free end of the support arm. In this way, the two laser beams can act on the circumferential surface of the wheelset simultaneously, and the positions where the ends of the two laser beams contact the wheelset can be maintained alternately in the circumferential direction.

[0012] Optionally, a fume hood is provided at the free end of the support arm. The fume hood has an arc-shaped notch on the side facing the wheelset, and strip-shaped through holes on the surface opposite to laser beams one and two, allowing the laser beams to pass through. Connecting pipes communicating with the hood cavity are provided at both ends. The connecting pipes are connected to an external fume extraction device via fittings.

[0013] Optionally, at least one air knife is provided on the support arm. If multiple air knives are provided, they are arranged alternately in the vertical direction. The air knives are connected to an external fan device, which can emit an air curtain towards the directions of laser beam one and laser beam two from the air outlet of the air knives.

[0014] Optionally, a swing arm is provided on the mounting base, and the swing arm is rotatable relative to the mounting base around the X-axis. Laser head one and laser head two are fixedly mounted on the swing arm via the bracket structure.

[0015] Optionally, in the embodiment with a pendulum base: a mounting plate is pivotally mounted on the pendulum base, and the mounting plate is capable of flipping relative to the pendulum base in vertical space. An arc-shaped arm extending towards the pendulum base is formed on the mounting plate, and a locking structure that matches the arc-shaped arm is provided on the pendulum base. The locking structure selectively switches the mounting plate between a state where it can flip relative to the pendulum base and a state where it can remain fixed relative to the pendulum base.

[0016] In the design without a pivoting base: the mounting plate is pivotally mounted on the mounting base, allowing it to flip vertically relative to the mounting base. An arc-shaped arm extending towards the mounting base is formed on the mounting plate, and a locking structure that matches the arc-shaped arm is provided on the mounting base. The locking structure selectively switches the mounting plate between a state where it can flip relative to the mounting base and a state where it remains fixed relative to the mounting base.

[0017] One end / upper root of the support arm is fixed to the assembly plate, and the other end extends outward from the assembly plate by a large length.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes a lifting mechanism located within the cavity on the base. A rotating mechanism is fixedly mounted above the lifting mechanism. When the wheelset moves to the cleaning station, the rotating mechanism is positioned directly below the axle. The rotating rollers on the rotating mechanism can contact the outer circumferential surface of the axle to drive the wheelset to rotate.

[0019] By adjusting the height of the rotating mechanism through a lifting mechanism, the contact and separation states between the rotating mechanism and the outer circumference of the axle can be selectively controlled.

[0020] Optionally, the rotating mechanism includes two pairs of pivot seats fixedly mounted on the upper part of the lifting mechanism, with the rotating rollers pivotally mounted on the upper part of each pivot seat, and the roller surface of the rotating rollers resting on the outside of the pivot seats. The two pairs of pivot seats are arranged opposite each other in the Y-axis direction, and the radial distance between the upper parts of the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rotating rollers in each pair of pivot seats is smaller than the outer diameter of the axle. At least one pair of pivot seats is provided with a power unit capable of driving the rotating rollers to rotate actively.

[0021] Optionally, a pair of stop mechanisms are provided on the upper part of the lifting mechanism and below the rotating mechanism, and are arranged opposite each other in the Y-axis direction. Both stop mechanisms include a telescopic cylinder fixed to the upper part of the lifting mechanism, an end block provided at the end of the cylinder rod of the telescopic cylinder, and a roller pivotally provided on the end block.

[0022] When the stopping mechanism moves upward with the lifting mechanism to a position where the rotating roller can contact the outer circumferential surface of the axle, the two telescopic cylinders simultaneously push the two rollers outward to contact the inner end faces of the two wheels on the wheelset respectively. During the rotation of the wheelset, the rollers can rotate relative to the end block under the action of contact friction with the inner end faces.

[0023] Optionally, the lifting mechanism includes a base plate, a top plate, and a lifting drive unit disposed between the base plate and the top plate. The base plate is fixedly connected to the base. The lifting drive unit can drive the top plate to move upward relative to the base.

[0024] The rotating mechanism is fixedly mounted on the top plate, specifically allowing the pivot seat to be detachably and fixedly connected to the top plate. When the lifting drive unit drives the top plate to move upward relative to the base, the rotating mechanism's rollers can contact and match the axle, enabling the rollers to support the axle and drive the wheelset to rotate by transmitting torque to the axle.

[0025] The stop mechanism is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the top plate. That is, the connecting box base, which carries the telescopic rod, is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the top plate, so that the stop mechanism can move synchronously with the lifting and lowering of the top plate. At the same time, the telescopic cylinder can drive the first roller to extend to the left and right to the outside of the left and right edges of the top plate, so that the circumferential surface of the first roller contacts and matches the lower part of the inner end face of the wheel.

[0026] The lifting drive unit includes four screw lifters located at the four corners of the base plate and the top plate, respectively. The screw lifters can be specifically selected as lead screw / top rod telescopic lifters. The bodies of the four screw lifters are fixedly mounted on the base plate, and the top rod ends of the four screw lifters are fixedly connected to the four corners of the top plate. A transmission shaft mechanism matched with a drive motor is fixedly mounted on the base plate, and the four output ends of the transmission shaft mechanism are respectively matched with the four screw lifters, enabling the four screw lifters to move synchronously under the drive of the drive motor, that is, synchronously driving the top plate to move upward and synchronously driving the top plate to move downward.

[0027] Optionally, the pusher mechanism includes two sets of first pusher units, second pusher units, and third pusher units arranged (alternating and opposite) in the Y-axis direction, that is, the two sets of first pusher units, second pusher units, and third pusher units are arranged left and right opposite each other. At the same time, the first pusher units, second pusher units, and third pusher units are arranged sequentially along the X-axis direction.

[0028] Correspondingly, grooves are formed on the base at the four edges of the cavity, and rails are fixedly installed within the four grooves. At least one end of one of the two opposing rails extends into the cavity for a certain length. A support plate is provided between the two rails on the same side, corresponding to the cavity. An arc-shaped notch is formed in the center of the upper surface of the support plate. The wheelset can roll relative to the base along the rails and support plate in the X-axis direction, and can move out and to the cleaning station.

[0029] Each of the pusher units (i.e., the first pusher unit, the second pusher unit, and the third pusher unit) includes a cylinder, a swing arm, and two rollers. The cylinder can be replaced by a telescopic cylinder such as a hydraulic cylinder.

[0030] The cylinder rod ends of the first pusher unit and the second pusher unit are positioned opposite each other, and the cylinder rod ends of both pusher units are pivotally matched with one end of the swing arm. A second roller is provided on the pivot, while the other end of the swing arm is pivotally fixed to the support plate. This allows the swing arm to be positioned close to the pivot of the support plate, near both ends of the arc-shaped groove.

[0031] The swing arm in the third pusher unit is located on the side of the cylinder near the second pusher unit, and one end of the swing arm near the cylinder is pivotally mounted on the base, while the other end is pivotally matched with the cylinder rod end of the cylinder of the third pusher unit and a roller is provided on the pivot.

[0032] Each of the three pusher units has rollers located on one side of the side wall near the support plate and the side wall near the rail.

[0033] The cylinder of the pusher unit can drive the swing arm to rotate in the vertical plane, and the end of the swing arm that matches the cylinder pivot can selectively expose upward relative to the upper end of the base and retract downward into the cavity. In turn, each roller can selectively swing upward to move out of the cavity and swing downward to retract into the cavity.

[0034] This application also includes a method for laser rust removal of truck wheelsets based on any of the above-mentioned types of truck wheelset laser rust removal devices, which includes the following steps: At the cleaning station, during the wheelset rotation process, laser beam two pre-treats the rust on a section of the wheelset's circumference, and then laser beam one cleans the rust on the same section of the wheelset's circumference. And, after cleaning the rust on one side of the wheelset, drive the two laser heads to move synchronously relative to the wheelset and along the axial direction of the wheelset to the other side of the wheelset to perform the above steps.

[0035] This application also includes a method for laser rust removal of truck wheelsets based on any of the above-mentioned truck wheelset laser rust removal devices equipped with a rotating mechanism that can contact and match the axle. The method includes the following steps: when the rotating roller on the rotating mechanism contacts the axle, it can support the wheelset, so that the wheels are disengaged from the base, rails, etc., and can drive the wheelset to rotate during the rotation of the rotating roller.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The laser rust removal device and method for truck wheelsets disclosed in this application, by improving the interaction mechanism between the laser beam and the wheelset, helps to improve the cleaning effect on rust on the wheelset, helps to ensure the thoroughness and sufficiency of rust removal, helps to suppress the occurrence of incomplete rust removal on the wheelset, and improves rust removal efficiency. Furthermore, by improving the rotating mechanism and its interaction position with the wheel, i.e., by using the axle to drive the wheelset, the effect of maintaining the wheelset axis in a horizontal / horizontal state during the rust removal process is improved, thereby promoting a reliable consistency in the depth of laser beam penetration on the wheelset, and helping to improve the uniformity and consistency of the rust removal effect / thoroughness along the wheelset axis. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the solution proposed in this application.

[0038] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the proposed solution omitting the guardrail. Figure 1 .

[0039] Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the proposed solution omitting the guardrail. Figure 2 .

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the corresponding state structure of the walking mechanism, two laser heads, lifting mechanism, and rotating mechanism.

[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point I in the middle.

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the structure in which two laser heads are mounted on the mounting base of the walking mechanism.

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the position of two laser heads mounted on the mounting base of the walking mechanism, corresponding to the wheelset.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a side view of the rotating mechanism.

[0045] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lifting mechanism.

[0046] Figure 10 A three-dimensional diagram from a top-down view of the lifting mechanism, rotating mechanism, and pusher mechanism mounted on the base. Figure 1 .

[0047] Figure 11 A three-dimensional diagram from a top-down view of the lifting mechanism, rotating mechanism, and pusher mechanism mounted on the base. Figure 2 .

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative arrangement of the pusher mechanism, rails, and support plates.

[0049] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point II.

[0050] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the pusher mechanism relative to the support plate.

[0051] In the diagram: 100 Wheelset, 101 First Wheelset, 102 Second Wheelset, 103 Axle, 104 Wheel, 1041 Inner End Face, 1042 Wheel Peripheral Surface, 1043 Wheel Edge; 10 Base, 11 Cavity, 12 Groove, 13 Rail, 14 Support Plate, 141 Arc-shaped Notch, 15 Guardrail; 20 Gantry; 30 Traveling Mechanism, 31 Lateral Traveling Unit, 32 Vertical Traveling Unit, 33 Slide Table, 34 Slide Arm, 35 Assembly Seat, 36 Swing Seat, 361 Assembly Plate, 3611 Support Arm, 362 Arc-shaped Arm, 363 Support Plate, 364 Vertical Arm, 37 Air Knife, 38 Smoke Hood, 381 Arc-shaped Notch, 382 Insert Pipe 1, 383 Insert Pipe II. 384 Strip-shaped through-hole one, 385 Strip-shaped through-hole two; 40 Laser machine unit, 41 Laser head one, 411 Laser control box one, 412 Laser beam one, 42 Laser head two, 421 Laser main control box two, 422 Laser beam two; 50 Lifting mechanism, 51 Base plate, 52 Top plate, 53 Lifting drive unit, 531 Drive motor, 532 Screw jack, 533 Top rod; 60 Rotating mechanism, 61 Pivot seat, 62 Rotating roller, 63 Stopping mechanism, 631 Connecting box seat, 632 End block, 633 Roller one; 70 Push wheel mechanism, 71 First push wheel unit, 72 Second push wheel unit, 73 Third push wheel unit, 74 Swing arm, 75 Roller two; 80 Control cabinet. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, provided they do not affect the effectiveness or purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0053] like Figures 1 to 14 The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets shown includes a gantry frame 20 fixed on a base 10, a traveling mechanism 30 mounted on the gantry frame 20, a laser unit 40, a lifting mechanism 50 that drives the wheelset 100 to move relative to the base 10 along the Z-axis, a rotating mechanism 60 that drives the wheelset 100 to rotate relative to the base 10, and a pusher mechanism 70 that controllably keeps the wheelset 100 in a fixed / stopped state relative to the base 10 (but can rotate around the axis of the wheelset 100) and rolls in the X-axis direction (i.e., the front-to-back direction, the same below) and a control cabinet 80. The traveling mechanism 30, the laser unit 40, the lifting mechanism 50, the rotating mechanism 60, and the pusher mechanism 70 are all electrically connected to the control cabinet 80, enabling separate control of the actions of each mechanism (response), control of the coordinated actions (response) between different mechanisms, and control of the power on / off state.

[0054] The laser unit 40 includes a laser control box and a laser head. The laser control box can be fixed on the base 10, while the laser head is positioned at the lower part of the traveling mechanism 30, ensuring that the laser emitting end of the laser head is at least facing and close to the outer circumferential surface of the axle 103 of the wheelset 100. Under the control of the control cabinet 80 (programmed control), the traveling mechanism 30 can carry the laser head to move along the Y-axis (i.e., left-right direction, the same below) and the Z-axis (i.e., vertical direction, the same below), thereby allowing adjustment of the left-right position and vertical height of the laser head to ensure that the laser beam emitted by the laser head acts on the rusted areas of the wheelset 100 as required.

[0055] The axial direction of the wheelset 100 is along the Y-axis. The main function of the traveling mechanism 30 is to carry the laser head and move it along the axial direction and vertical / height / Z-axis of the wheelset 100, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser head can fully cover the entire or main (component) axial rusted area of ​​the wheelset 100, achieving axial cleaning. The function of the rotating mechanism 60 is to drive the wheelset 100 to rotate around its axis, so that the circumferential surface of the wheelset 100 can move relative to the beam end of the laser beam. This can be associated with the action of the traveling mechanism 30 controlling the movement of the laser head, so as to achieve segmented axial cleaning by ensuring that the laser beam can fully act on the entire or main (component) circumferential rusted area of ​​the wheelset 100, achieving comprehensive cleaning. The function of the pusher mechanism 70 is to control the feed and retraction of the wheelset 100 (along the X-axis), that is, (the pusher mechanism 70 can) control the movement of the wheelset 100 and stop it at the cleaning position (see See Figure 3At the position shown (where the first wheel pair 101 is located), the feed is completed, feeding the wheel pair 100 to a position that corresponds to and is associated with the laser beam emitted by the laser head, and also with the rotating mechanism 60; at the same time, the pusher mechanism 70 can also push the wheel in the waiting position (see [reference]). Figure 3 The wheelset 100 at the position shown (where the second wheelset 102 is located) moves towards the cleaning station. In summary, the specific structural solutions of the aforementioned walking mechanism 30, rotating mechanism 60, and pusher mechanism 70 can be implemented with reference to existing technologies according to their design purpose / function. In the technical solution description of this application, the specific structural forms / specific solutions of the walking mechanism 30, rotating mechanism 60, and pusher mechanism 70 belong to a specific implementation scheme or preferred form, which does not prevent the possibility of this application being independently implemented with reference to existing technologies.

[0056] In the technical solution of this application, the laser unit 40 specifically has two laser heads, namely laser head 41 (electrically connected to laser control box 411) and laser head 42 (electrically connected to laser control box 421). Under the control of the laser control box, laser head 41 can emit a laser beam 412 in the form of a continuous wave laser, and laser head 42 can emit a laser beam 422 in the form of a pulse-modulated continuous laser or a composite pulse continuous laser. In other words, laser beam 422 is a continuous wave laser beam, and laser beam 412 is a pulse-modulated continuous laser beam or a composite pulse continuous laser beam.

[0057] A continuous-wave laser beam is a type of laser beam that emits laser light continuously with constant power without interruption, and there is no time gap between outputs. The light intensity and energy are stable, and the waveform is a flat and constant light output. The time domain characteristics are constant DC light output, without pulse period or peak power concepts, only average power.

[0058] A pulse-modulated continuous laser beam (also known as a modulated continuous laser beam) is a continuous laser beam with a periodic pulse switching modulation superimposed on it. The underlying light source itself is a CW continuous laser that can output stably for a long time. At the same time, through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), power chopper, and current modulation, the continuous light is periodically switched on and off to form a pulse envelope. The underlying light field is always the spectrum / beam quality of continuous light, only the intensity pulses with time.

[0059] The so-called composite pulsed continuous laser beam (commonly known in the industry as CW + pulsed composite laser) consists of one pure CW continuous laser (continuous base illumination) and one independent pulsed fiber / Q-switched pulsed laser (superimposed with instantaneous high peak pulses); the two beams are coaxially combined into a single output, and the continuous base light and pulsed peak light exist simultaneously in the same spot.

[0060] The laser beam 412 emitted by the laser head 41 and the laser beam 422 emitted by the laser head 42 can simultaneously irradiate the same circumferential surface (e.g., on the axle 103), and the landing positions of the two laser beams on the wheelset 100 are alternately distributed on the circumferential surface. Furthermore, the landing position of the laser beam 422 is upstream of the landing position of the laser beam 412 in the rotational direction of the wheelset 100. (See [reference needed]). Figure 5 , Figure 7 Thus, when laser cleaning the rust on the axle 103 of the wheelset 100, a pre-treatment is first performed by the second laser beam 422, followed by a final treatment by the first laser beam 412. This allows the interaction mechanism (i.e., the rust removal mechanism) between the two laser beams and the rust on the wheelset 100 to utilize both ablation and vibration effects, which helps improve the cleaning effect on the rust on the wheelset 100 and ensures the thoroughness and sufficiency of the rust removal. It also suppresses the occurrence of incomplete rust removal on the wheelset 100 and improves the efficiency of the rust removal operation (i.e., it improves rust removal efficiency without requiring two laser heads that move in opposite directions along the axial direction of the wheelset 100).

[0061] Typically, laser rust removal utilizes the ablation effect to remove surface rust. When a focused laser beam irradiates the surface of the wheelset 100, the attached rust reflects some of the laser energy, while the remaining energy is absorbed by the rust, causing its internal temperature to rise rapidly. When the temperature exceeds the rust's melting temperature, the rust melts. With continued laser irradiation, the rust reaches its vaporization temperature, vaporizing and decomposing, and is then completely removed directly from the wheelset surface. The vibration effect refers to the fact that when a pulsed laser irradiates the material surface, the internal temperature of both the substrate (of the wheelset 100) and its surface rust increases due to the absorption of laser energy, resulting in thermal expansion. Since the expansion coefficients of the substrate and the rust layer differ due to their different physical properties, vibration occurs between the substrate and the rust layer due to the stress difference at the interface layer. This leads to separation stress between the substrate and the rust layer. When the adsorption force between the rust layer and the substrate is less than this stress, the rust layer detaches from the substrate surface, achieving a cleaning effect. By superimposing ablation and vibration effects, and pre-treating with ablation, the rust can be softened in advance, causing it to expand and reducing the adhesion between the rust and the metal substrate of the wheelset 100. This enhances the peeling effect of vibration on the rust, improves the thoroughness of cleaning, and enables the technical solution of this application to help achieve the technical objective of ensuring the thoroughness and sufficiency of rust cleaning and improving rust removal efficiency.

[0062] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the traveling mechanism 30 includes a horizontal traveling unit 31 and a vertical traveling unit 32. The horizontal traveling unit 31 includes a slide platform 33 that matches the crossbeam of the gantry 20 via a slide rail structure extending in the left-right direction. The vertical traveling unit 32 includes a slide arm 34 (or carriage) that matches the slide platform 33 via a slide rail structure extending in the vertical direction. A mounting base 35 is fixedly provided at the lower part of the slide arm 34. The laser head 41 and the laser head 42 are fixedly mounted on the mounting base 35 via a bracket structure. Both laser head 41 and laser head 42 are required to be adjustable (including adjustable height, position along the X-axis, and tilt angle relative to the horizontal / XY plane) on the bracket structure. This allows laser beam 412 and laser beam 422 to be adjusted and maintained so that they simultaneously irradiate the same circumferential surface (on the axle 103), and the landing positions of the two laser beams on the wheelset 100 are alternately distributed on the circumferential surface. Furthermore, the landing position of laser beam 422 is upstream of the landing position of laser beam 412 in the rotation direction of the wheelset 100. (See [reference needed]). Figures 4 to 7 .

[0063] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the support structure includes a support arm 3611 extending downwardly at an angle in the XZ plane, and a support plate 363 extending in the X-axis direction. The support plate 363 is positioned above the support arm 3611. A vertically extending arm 64 is provided on the support plate 363, and the position of the arm 64 relative to the support plate 363 in both the X-axis direction and the vertical direction is adjustable. Specifically, as shown... Figure 6As shown, the upright arm 64 has a vertically extending slot, and an elongated hole communicating with the slot is provided on the end face of the upright arm 64. Correspondingly, a block portion is fitted onto the support plate 363, and the block portion can slide relative to the support plate 363 along the X-axis direction / the length extension direction of the support plate 363. The upper and / or lower end faces of the block portion have threaded through holes that can accommodate multiple screws / bolts, and turning these screws / bolts can selectively switch the block portion between a fixed state relative to the support plate 363 and a sliding state relative to it. The slotted hole can be fitted onto the block portion, and multiple threaded holes corresponding to the elongated hole are provided on both sides or one end face of the block portion. Studs / bolts are disposed on these threaded holes, with the threaded section of the stud / bolt passing through the elongated hole and matching the threaded hole on the block portion. Tightening the stud / bolt allows the vertical arm 364 to selectively switch between a fixed state relative to the support plate 363 (or relative to the block portion) and a state that allows relative sliding in the vertical direction. Thus, by arranging the block portion between the vertical arm 364 and the support plate 363, the position of the vertical arm 364 relative to the support plate 363 in both the X-axis direction and the vertical direction can be controllably adjusted using bolts.

[0064] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the first laser head 41 is located near the upper root of the support arm 3611; the emission direction of the first laser beam 412 is approximately along the (length) extension direction of the support arm 3611. The second laser head 42 is located at the lower part / lower end of the vertical arm 64, and the beam emitting end of the second laser head 42 is oriented towards the free end of the support arm 3611, so that the second laser beam 422 is emitted obliquely towards the free end of the support arm 3611. In this way, the two laser beams can act simultaneously on the circumferential surface of the wheelset 100, and the positions where the ends of the two laser beams contact the wheelset 100 can be maintained alternately in the circumferential direction.

[0065] According to conventional design, two air knives 37 can be installed near the middle of the support arm 3611, and these two air knives 37 are staggered in the vertical direction. Both air knives 37 are connected to an external fan device. When the external fan device is started, it can deliver airflow to the air knives 37, thereby blowing away and dispersing the fumes / dust that converge above the treated area of ​​the wheelset 100 through the (elongated) air outlets of the air knives 37 in the direction of the first laser beam 412 and the second laser beam 422. This improves the clarity of the space through which the laser beam passes, ensuring that the energy of the laser beam can be fully applied to the rust. It also facilitates the accurate real-time monitoring of the rust removal effect by a possible supporting visual sensing device, providing accurate feedback to guide further rust removal operations. The air curtain / parallel airflow emitted by the air knives 37 flows above the point where the laser beam interacts with the rust on the wheelset 100.

[0066] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a smoke hood 38 is also fixedly installed at the free end of the support arm 3611. On the smoke hood 38, an arc-shaped notch 381 is formed on the side facing the wheelset 100 (axle 103). On the surfaces of the smoke hood 38 opposite to the first laser beam 412 and the second laser beam 422, strip-shaped through holes (i.e., strip-shaped through hole 384 and strip-shaped through hole 385 shown in the figure) are formed respectively, allowing the two laser beams to pass through. At both ends are insertion pipes (i.e., insertion pipe 382 and insertion pipe 383 shown in the figure) that communicate with the cavity of the smoke hood 38. The insertion pipes are connected to an external smoke extraction device via fittings. The arc-shaped notch 381 can cover part of the circumference of the axle 103 of the wheelset 100 under the cavity of the smoke hood 38. The laser beam 412 passes through the strip-shaped through-hole 384 and enters the cavity of the smoke hood 38, and comes into contact with the axle 103 surface covered by the cavity; the laser beam 422 passes through the strip-shaped through-hole 385 and enters the cavity of the smoke hood 38, and comes into contact with the axle 103 surface covered by the cavity.

[0067] By setting up the exhaust hood 38, the smoke and fumes generated during the rust removal and cleaning operation can be effectively extracted in a timely manner, which helps to purify the working environment of the laser rust removal site, better ensures that the energy of the laser beam acts on the rust layer of the wheelset 100 to carry out the rust removal effect, and is also beneficial to the health of the workers, improves the environmental protection standards of the workshop, and has significant environmental protection significance.

[0068] To simultaneously perform rust removal and cleaning operations on the axle 103 and wheel 104 of the wheelset 100, a pivot seat 36 can be provided on the mounting base 35, allowing the pivot seat 36 to rotate relative to the mounting base 35 about the X-axis. Specifically, the pivot seat 36 is pivotally matched with the mounting base 35, and a motor capable of driving the pivot seat 36 to rotate is provided on the mounting base 36, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown. After the laser head 41 and the laser head 42 are fixedly mounted on the swing base 36 via the bracket structure, the laser head 41 and the laser head 42 rotate simultaneously with the rotation of the swing base 36, thereby adjusting the emission direction of the laser beam 412 and the laser beam 422. This allows the laser beams 412 and 422 to act simultaneously on the circumferential surface of the axle 103, as shown. Figure 7 The state shown, and can also act simultaneously on the end face (including the inner end face 1041 shown in the figure) of the wheel 104.

[0069] By adjusting the height of the mounting base 35, the two laser heads can be adjusted to a height position (i.e., a suitable radial spacing) that is compatible with the outer circumferential surface of the axle 103, thereby achieving rust removal and cleaning of the axle 103. Simultaneously, by adjusting the height of the mounting base 35, the two laser heads can be adjusted to a height position (i.e., a suitable radial spacing) that is compatible with the circumferential surface (1042) of the wheel 104, thereby achieving rust removal and cleaning of the circumferential surface of the wheel 104.

[0070] To facilitate the adjustment of the tilt angle of the support arm 3611 relative to the horizontal plane, i.e., to adjust the emission direction of the laser beam 412 / the tilt angle relative to the vertical plane, the following design can be made.

[0071] A mounting plate 361 is pivotally mounted on the pendulum base 36, allowing the mounting plate 361 to flip / rotate relative to the pendulum base 36 in vertical space (up and down). An arcuate arm 362 extending toward one side of the pendulum base 36 is formed on the mounting plate 361, and a locking structure that matches the arcuate arm 362 is provided on the pendulum base 36. The locking structure selectively switches the mounting plate 361 between a state where it can flip / rotate relative to the pendulum base 36 (up and down) and a state where it remains fixed relative to the pendulum base 36.

[0072] In the embodiment without the pivot seat 36, the mounting plate 361 is pivotally mounted on the mounting base 35, allowing the mounting plate 361 to flip / rotate relative to the mounting base 35 in vertical space (up and down). An arcuate arm 362 extending toward the mounting base 35 is formed on the mounting plate 361, and a locking structure that matches the arcuate arm 362 is provided on the mounting base 35. The locking structure selectively switches the mounting plate 361 between a state where it can flip / rotate relative to the mounting base 35 (up and down) and a state where it remains fixed relative to the mounting base 35.

[0073] The locking structure may include a guide protrusion that corresponds to and matches the arcuate groove on the arcuate arm 362, which can guide and constrain the rotation path / route and direction of the assembly plate 361 relative to the gyroscopic seat 36 or the assembly seat 35.

[0074] One end / upper root of the support arm 3611 is fixed on the assembly plate 361, and the other end of the support arm 361 extends outward from the assembly plate 361 by a large length.

[0075] like Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, the lifting mechanism 50 is disposed within the cavity 11 formed at the center of the base 10. Simultaneously, the rotating mechanism 60 is fixed above the lifting mechanism 50, allowing the lifting mechanism 50 to control / regulate / adjust the height of the rotating mechanism 60. When the wheelset 100 is moved to the cleaning station, the rotating mechanism 60 is positioned directly below the axle 103. At this point, the lifting mechanism 50 carries the rotating mechanism 60 to the lower end of its stroke, and a vertical distance exists between the rotating roller 62 on the rotating mechanism 60, which drives the wheelset 100 to rotate, and the lower part of the outer peripheral surface of the axle 103. Next, the lifting mechanism 50 drives the rotating mechanism 60 to gradually move upward, allowing the roller surface of the rotating roller 62 in the rotating mechanism 60 to contact the lower part of the outer peripheral surface of the axle 103. At that time, by means of the rotating mechanism 60 being in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the axle 103, torque force can be transmitted to drive the wheelset 100 to rotate relative to the base 100 (or relative to the two laser heads and two laser beams).

[0076] In the above scheme, the height position of the rotating mechanism 60 can be adjusted by the lifting mechanism 50, and the state of contact and separation between the rotating mechanism 60 and the outer peripheral surface of the axle 103 can be selectively controlled.

[0077] Specifically, such as Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 8As shown, the rotating mechanism 60 includes two pairs of pivot seats 61 fixedly disposed on the upper part of the lifting mechanism 50, and the rotating roller 62 is pivotally disposed on the upper part of each pivot seat 61, so that the upper part of the roller surface of the rotating roller 62 falls outside the pivot seat 61. The two pairs of pivot seats 61 are arranged opposite each other in the Y-axis direction (alternating), that is, they are arranged opposite each other in the left and right directions. The radial distance (distance in the X-axis direction) between the upper part of the outer peripheral surface of the two rollers 62 in each pair of pivot seats 61 is smaller than the outer diameter of the axle 103. In this way, the two pairs of pivot seats 61 arranged opposite each other can support the left and right positions of the axle 103 of the wheelset 100, so that the outer peripheral surface of the axle 103 can be kept in contact with the upper part of the roller surface of the two pairs of rollers 62 at the same time.

[0078] At least one pair of pivot seats 61 are equipped with a power unit (including a drive motor) capable of driving the rollers 62 to rotate actively. By reasonably controlling the driven rotation direction of the two rollers 62, torque can be transmitted from the rollers 62 to the axle 103 to drive the wheelset 100 to rotate. In this way, rotational torque can be transmitted to the wheel 103 under the drive of the left and / or right pair of rollers 62 to drive the wheelset 100 to rotate. A friction layer can be provided on the roller surface of the rollers 62 to increase the ability of the rollers 62 to transmit torque when in contact with the axle 103.

[0079] Compared to the existing technology that uses a mechanism to drive the rotation of the wheels 104 on the wheelset 100, this application uses a mechanism that drives the axle 103 of the wheelset 100. This improves the effect of maintaining the horizontal / horizontal state of the axis of the wheelset 100 during the rust removal process, thereby ensuring a reliable consistency in the depth of laser beam penetration on the wheelset 100. This helps to improve the uniformity and consistency of the rust removal effect / thoroughness along the axial direction of the wheelset 100. The adverse effect of the (radial) unevenness of the rust formed on the axle 103 on the torque transmission from the roller 62 to the axle 10 is negligible.

[0080] Conversely, existing technologies use the method of driving the circumferential surfaces 1042 or rims 1043 of the two wheels 104 to rotate the wheelset 100. Due to the conical annular structure of the circumferential surface 1042 and the large difference in the wear degree between the circumferential surfaces 1042 of the two wheels 104 during operation, or the large difference in the wear degree between the thickness of the rims 1043 of the two wheels 104 (wear difference is more than 1cm, mostly exceeding 3cm), when the rotation (drive) mechanism of the existing laser rust removal device drives the wheelset 100 to rotate, the wheelset 100 will inevitably experience irregular swaying relative to its axis. This easily leads to the axis of the wheelset 100 not being able to maintain a stable horizontal / horizontal state, resulting in a situation where the axle height of one wheel 104 is lower than that of the other wheel 104. Consequently, the laser beam contacts the rust on the surface of the axle 103 at different depths in its width direction. This results in poor cleaning effect on the axial corrosion of the wheelset 100, and easily causes incomplete rust cleaning in many places. That is, it is unavoidable that there are problems with poor uniformity and consistency of rust cleaning, and there are places where cleaning is incomplete.

[0081] To ensure that the wheelset 100 rotates smoothly under the drive of the rotating roller 62, and to prevent the wheelset 100 from exhibiting reciprocating movement along the axial direction of the axle 103, so as to better facilitate the laser beam's action on the rust on the wheelset 100, further improving the rust removal effect and enhancing the thoroughness, stability, and uniformity of rust removal, the following optimizations and improvements can be made.

[0082] A pair of stop mechanisms 63 are provided on the upper part of the lifting mechanism 5 and below the rotating mechanism 60, arranged opposite each other in the Y-axis direction / left-right direction. Each stop mechanism 63 includes a connecting housing 631 fixed to the upper part of the lifting mechanism 50, an end block 632, and a roller 633. A telescopic cylinder (optionally a pneumatic cylinder) is fixedly mounted on the connecting housing 631. The end block 632 is fixedly mounted on the end of the cylinder rod and can reciprocate in the Y-axis direction with the extension and retraction of the cylinder rod. The roller 633 is pivotally mounted on the outer end of the end block 632.

[0083] When the stop mechanism 63 moves upward with the lifting mechanism 50 to a position where the roller 62 can contact the outer peripheral surface of the axle 103, the two telescopic cylinders / pneumatic cylinders simultaneously push the roller 633 outward to contact the lower part of the inner end face 1041 of the two wheels 104 on the wheelset 100, thereby enabling the stop mechanism 63 to constrain / suppress the axial / Y-axis movement of the wheelset 100 and ensure that the wheelset 100 maintains a stable position on the Y-axis during rotation. During the rotation of the wheelset 100, the roller 633 can rotate relative to the end block 632 under the action of contact friction with the inner end face 1041 to reduce contact friction resistance.

[0084] Specifically, such as Figures 4 to 5 , Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the lifting mechanism 50 includes a base plate 51 (or bottom connecting frame) fixedly connected to the lower part of the cavity portion 11 of the base 10, a top plate 52 that is close to the upper port of the top plate cavity portion 11 in the initial state, and a lifting drive unit 53 disposed between the base plate 51 and the top plate 52. In short, the lifting mechanism 50 includes a base plate 51, a top plate 52, and a lifting drive unit 53 disposed between the base plate 51 and the top plate 52.

[0085] In the initial state, that is, when the roller 62 is not in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the wheel 103, see as follows Figure 5 , Figure 10 In the indicated state, the lifting mechanism 50 can be entirely positioned within the cavity 11. At this time, the upper end of the pivot seat 61 on the rotating mechanism 61 fixed to the top plate 52 (the pivot seat 61 is detachably and fixedly connected to the top plate 52) can be slightly exposed upwards outside the cavity 11.

[0086] When the lifting drive unit 53 drives the top plate 52 to move upward relative to the base 10, the portion of the upper part of the pivot seat 61 exposed outside the cavity portion 11 increases, ultimately allowing the rotating roller 62 provided on the upper part of the pivot seat 61 to contact the outer peripheral surface of the axle 103. The axle 103 can be supported by the two pairs of rotating rollers 62 arranged opposite to each other on the left and right, and the wheelset 100 can be driven to rotate through the axle 103.

[0087] The stop mechanism 63 is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the top plate 52. That is, the connecting box base 631, which carries the telescopic rod / cylinder, is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the top plate 52 and can move synchronously with the lifting and lowering of the top plate 52. The telescopic cylinder / cylinder can drive the roller 633 to extend to the left and right sides of the top plate 52, ultimately making the circumferential surface of the roller 633 contact and match the lower part of the inner end surface 1041.

[0088] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 As shown, the lifting drive unit 53 includes four screw lifters 532 located at the four corners of the base plate 51 and the top plate 52, which are vertically opposite each other. The screw lifters 532 can be selected as screw / rod telescopic lifters / lifters. The bodies of the four screw lifters 532 are fixedly mounted on the base plate 51, and the ends / upper ends of the top rods 533 of the four screw lifters 532 are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end faces of the four corners of the top plate 52. A transmission shaft mechanism matched with a drive motor 531 is fixedly mounted on the base plate 51, and the four output ends of the transmission shaft mechanism are respectively matched one-to-one with the four screw lifters 532, so that the four screw lifters 532 can move synchronously under the drive of the drive motor 531, that is, synchronously drive the top plate 52 to move upward and synchronously drive the top plate 52 to move downward. It should be emphasized that... The screw jack 532 is an existing device. Its specific structural form and the detailed matching structure between it and the transmission shaft mechanism can be implemented with reference to existing technology. It is not a core innovation of this application, so it will not be described in detail.

[0089] like Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 10 to 14 As shown, the pusher mechanism 70 includes two sets of first pusher units 71, second pusher units 72, and third pusher units 73 arranged alternately and oppositely in the Y-axis direction, that is, the two sets of first pusher units 71, second pusher units 72, and third pusher units 73 are arranged left and right opposite each other. At the same time, the two sets of first pusher units 71, second pusher units 72, and third pusher units 73 are arranged sequentially in the X-axis direction.

[0090] Correspondingly, grooves 13 are formed on the base 10 at the four edges of the cavity 11, and rails 13 are fixedly installed within the four grooves 13. At least one end of two opposing rails 13 extends into the cavity 11 for a certain length. A support plate 14 is provided between the two rails 13 on the same side, corresponding to the cavity 11. An arc-shaped notch 141 is formed in the center of the upper surface of the support plate 14. The wheelset 100 can roll relative to the base 10 along the rails 13 and the support plate 14 in the X-axis direction.

[0091] Each of the pusher units (i.e., the first pusher unit 71, the second pusher unit 72, and the third pusher unit 73, hereinafter the same) includes a cylinder, a swing arm 74, and a roller 75.

[0092] The cylinder rod end of the first pusher unit 71 is positioned opposite to (i.e., close to) the cylinder rod end of the second pusher unit 72. The cylinder rod ends of the two pusher units are pivotally matched with one end of their respective swing arms 74, and rollers 75 are mounted on the matched pivots. The other end of the swing arm 74 is pivotally fixed to the support plate 14, and the pivotal matching position of the swing arm 74 and the support plate 14 is close to each other, possibly located near both ends of the arc-shaped groove 141. (See also...) Figure 14 .

[0093] The swing arm 74 in the third pusher unit 73 is located on the side of the cylinder near the second pusher unit 72. One end of the swing arm 74 near the cylinder is pivotally mounted on the base 10, and the other end is pivotally matched with the cylinder rod end of the cylinder of the third pusher unit 73. A roller 75 of the third pusher unit 73 is provided on the pivot.

[0094] Each of the rollers 75 is located on the side wall near the support plate 14 and on the side wall near the inner side wall of the cavity portion 11 (i.e., the side wall near the rail 13), as shown in the figure. Figure 10 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 .

[0095] The cylinder of the pusher unit can drive the swing arm 74 to rotate in the vertical plane, so that the end of the swing arm 74 that matches the cylinder pivot can selectively expose upward relative to the upper end surface of the base 10 and retract downward into the cavity 11, thereby selectively causing each of the rollers 75 to swing upward to move out of the cavity 11 and swing downward to retract into the cavity 11.

[0096] The first pusher unit 71 and the third pusher unit 73 work together to push the second wheelset 102 to the cleaning station, confining the lower part of the wheel 104 of the wheelset 100 within the arc-shaped recess 141, preventing it from moving freely relative to the support plate 14. During this process, the swing arm 74 of the third pusher unit 73 rotates upwards, applying a thrust to the wheel 104 of the wheelset 100, causing the wheelset 100 to roll toward the cleaning station. Simultaneously, the swing arm 74 of the first pusher unit 71 has pre-swung to the outside of the cavity 11, allowing its roller 75 to act as a stop, preventing the wheelset 100 from rolling excessively beyond the cleaning station. Throughout the process, the swing arm 74 of the second pusher unit 72 remains in its initial state, i.e., one end of its swing arm 74 pivotally connected to the roller 75 remains retracted within the cavity 11.

[0097] The first pusher unit 71 and the second pusher unit 72 are linked to push the first wheelset 101 out of the cleaning station. During this process, after the rust removal operation is completed, the swing arm 74 of the first pusher unit 71 swings downward, causing the roller 75 mounted on it to move downward into the cavity 11, releasing the limiting and stopping effect on the wheelset 100. Then, the swing arm 74 of the second pusher unit 72 swings upward from bottom to top, applying a pushing force to the wheel 104 of the wheelset 100, causing the wheelset 100 to move out of the cleaning station. When the cylinder of the second pusher unit 72 causes its swing arm 74 to swing upward, the force exerted by the roller 75 on the wheel 104 should provide sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the need for the wheelset 100 to move out of the arc-shaped recess 141.

[0098] This application also includes a method for laser rust removal of truck wheelsets based on any of the above-mentioned types of truck wheelset laser rust removal devices, which includes the following steps: At the cleaning station, during the rotation of the wheelset 100, the laser beam 2 422 can pre-treat the rust on a section of the circumferential surface of the wheelset 100, and then the laser beam 1 412 cleans the rust on the same section of the circumferential surface of the wheelset 100. And, after cleaning the rust on one section of the circumferential surface of the wheelset 100, drive the two laser heads to move synchronously relative to the wheelset 100 and along the axial direction of the wheelset 100 to another section of the circumferential surface of the wheelset 100, and perform the above steps. Repeat the above process until the rust on the entire circumference of the axle 103 is cleaned.

[0099] This application also includes a method for laser rust removal of truck wheelsets based on any form of the truck wheelset laser rust removal device provided with the rotating mechanism 60 that can contact and match the axle 103, comprising the steps of: when the rotating roller 62 provided on the rotating mechanism 60 contacts the axle 103, it can support the wheel 100 and keep it in a non-contact state with the base 11, the rail 13, etc., and can drive the axle 102 to rotate the wheelset 100 during the rotation of the rotating roller 62.

[0100] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Many aspects of the present invention can be improved without departing from the overall concept. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets, comprising a gantry (20) fixed on a base (10), a traveling mechanism (30) mounted on the gantry (20), a laser unit (40), a rotating mechanism (60) capable of driving the wheelset (100) to rotate relative to the base (10), and a pusher mechanism (70) capable of controllably fixing and rolling the wheelset (100) relative to the base (10) in the X-axis direction; the laser head in the laser unit (40) is located at the lower part of the traveling mechanism (30), and the traveling mechanism (30) is capable of carrying the laser head to move along the Y-axis and Z-axis directions respectively; characterized in that: The laser head includes laser head one (41) and laser head two (42); laser head one (41) can emit a laser beam one (412) that is a continuous wave laser, and laser head two (422) can emit a laser beam two (422) that is a pulse-modulated continuous laser or a composite pulse continuous laser. Laser beam one (412) and laser beam two (422) can simultaneously irradiate the same circumferential surface, and the landing positions of the two laser beams on the wheelset (100) are kept alternately on the circumferential surface, and the landing position of laser beam two (422) is upstream of the landing position of laser beam one (412) in the rotation direction of the wheelset (100).

2. The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling mechanism (30) includes a lateral traveling unit (31) and a vertical traveling unit (32); the slide (33) in the lateral traveling unit (31) can move relative to the gantry (20) along the Y-axis; the slide arm (34) in the vertical traveling unit (32) is mounted on the slide (33) and can move relative to the slide (33) along the Z-axis; a mounting base (35) is provided at the lower part of the slide arm (34); Laser head one (41) and laser head two (42) are fixed on the mounting base (35) by a bracket structure.

3. The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support structure includes a support arm (3611) that is inclined downward on the XZ plane and a support plate (363) that extends in the X-axis direction; the support plate (363) is located above the support arm (3611); the support plate (363) is provided with a vertically extending upright arm (64), and the position of the upright arm (64) relative to the support plate (363) in the X-axis direction and the vertical direction can be adjusted; Laser head one (41) is located at the upper root of the support arm (3611), and laser beam one (412) is emitted approximately along the extension direction of the support arm (3611); laser head two (42) is located at the lower part of the vertical arm (64), and the beam emitting end of laser head two (42) is directed toward the free end of the support arm (3611).

4. The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to claim 3, characterized in that: A smoke hood (38) is provided at the free end of the support arm (3611); on the smoke hood (38), an arc-shaped notch (381) is formed on the side facing the wheel pair (100), and a strip-shaped through hole is formed on the surface opposite to the first laser beam (412) and the second laser beam (422) to allow the laser beam to pass through. Insert pipes communicating with the hood cavity are provided at both ends; the insert pipes are connected to the external smoke extraction device through the pipe fittings.

5. The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A pendulum seat (36) is provided on the mounting base (35), and the pendulum seat (36) can rotate relative to the mounting base (35) around the X-axis; laser head one (41) and laser head two (42) are fixedly mounted on the pendulum seat (36) through the bracket structure.

6. The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a lifting mechanism (50) located in the cavity (11) on the base (10); a rotating mechanism (60) is fixedly located on the upper part of the lifting mechanism (50); when the wheelset (100) moves to the cleaning station, the rotating mechanism (60) is positioned directly below the axle (103); the rotating roller (62) on the rotating mechanism (60) can contact the outer circumferential surface of the axle (103) to drive the wheelset (100) to rotate.

7. The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (60) includes two pairs of pivot seats (61) fixedly mounted on the upper part of the lifting mechanism (50), and the rotating roller (62) is pivotally mounted on the upper part of each pivot seat (61), with the roller surface of the rotating roller (62) resting outside the pivot seat (61); the two pairs of pivot seats (61) are arranged opposite each other in the Y-axis direction, and the radial distance between the upper part of the outer peripheral surface of the two rotating rollers (62) in each pair of pivot seats (61) is smaller than the outer diameter of the axle (103); at least one pair of pivot seats (61) is provided with a power unit that can drive the rotating roller (62) to rotate.

8. The laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: A pair of stop mechanisms (63) are provided on the upper part of the lifting mechanism (50) and below the rotating mechanism (60) in the Y-axis direction; each stop mechanism (63) includes a telescopic cylinder fixed on the upper part of the lifting mechanism (50), an end block (632) provided at the end of the cylinder rod of the telescopic cylinder, and a roller (633) pivotally provided on the end block (632). When the stop mechanism (63) moves upward with the lifting mechanism (50) to the position where the rotating roller (62) can contact the outer peripheral surface of the axle (103), the two telescopic cylinders can simultaneously push the roller (633) outward to contact the inner end face (1041) of the two wheels (104) on the wheelset (100).

9. A method for laser rust removal of truck wheelsets based on the laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... The steps include: at the cleaning station, during the rotation of the wheelset (100), the second laser beam (422) can pre-treat the rust on a section of the circumference of the wheelset (100), and then the first laser beam (412) cleans the rust on the same section of the wheelset (100).

10. A method for laser rust removal of truck wheelsets based on the laser rust removal device for truck wheelsets according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that... The steps include: when the rotating roller (62) on the rotating mechanism (60) contacts the axle (103), it can support the wheelset (100) and drive the wheelset (100) to rotate.

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