Assembly type multifunctional roof manhole system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building engineering, and discloses an assembled multifunctional roof manhole system, which comprises a prefabricated concrete structure base, a hemispherical dome skylight module, a skylight support hanger and a power supply module; the prefabricated concrete structure base is used for being fixedly installed at a reserved hole of a roof and providing overall support for an upper structure; the hemispherical dome skylight module is used for forming a hemispherical transparent enclosure; the prefabricated concrete structure base is designed in an inverted 'convex' shape and combined with a water drip line and multiple sealing treatments, so that the rainwater leakage hidden danger at the roof opening is solved from the root; the inverted U-shaped groove at the bottom of the magnetic suspension automatic door clamps the permanent magnet track in the groove, and has the functions of wind resistance, anti-dropping and rainwater leakage prevention; the controller is provided with multiple priority logic, the emergency smoke exhaust is set as the first priority, the smoke exhaust channel is forced to be opened when a fire occurs, the life safety is preferentially ensured, and the comprehensive safety level of the roof entrance and exit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, specifically to a prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system. Background Technology

[0002] Roof access hatches (also known as roof manholes) are important structural nodes for building roof entrances and exits, providing necessary passages for roof equipment inspection and maintenance, as well as personnel access. Traditional roof access hatches are usually composed of simple components such as concrete flanges, cover plates, and ladders, with a simple structural form and rudimentary function.

[0003] Existing roof opening bases are typically fixed to the lower supporting purlins using welding or self-tapping screws. The roof panels and flashing are then connected to them with self-tapping screws for waterproofing. When the roof panels and flashing are connected, they are also fixed at the joint and cannot slide. Under temperature stress, the connection between the roof panels or flashing and the opening base is prone to enlargement, leading to leakage. Traditional roof access hatches serve only as passageways for personnel to enter and exit the roof, with extremely limited functionality. They cannot provide lighting and ventilation for areas such as stairwells, nor do they have the function of active smoke extraction and auxiliary evacuation in emergencies such as fires. At the same time, they cannot cope with secondary disasters such as rainwater backflow and wind damage caused by forgetting to close them. Opening and closing operations rely on manual operation, which is inconvenient. Furthermore, existing covers are mostly hinged or top-hung, with large space occupied by the opening and closing trajectory, and they lack low-friction, high-reliability automatic closing mechanisms. They cannot automatically reset after power failure, posing safety hazards. Therefore, a prefabricated multifunctional roof access hatch system is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a prefabricated multifunctional roof access control system, comprising a precast concrete structure base, a hemispherical dome skylight module, a skylight support hanger, and a power supply module; The precast concrete structure base is used to be installed and fixed at the reserved opening on the roof and to provide overall support for the upper structure. The hemispherical dome skylight module is used to form a hemispherical transparent enclosure; The skylight support bracket is used to support and stabilize the hemispherical dome structure; The power supply module is used to supply power to various electrical devices in the system; The hemispherical dome skylight module is installed on the top of the precast concrete structure base, the skylight support hanger is connected between the top of the hemispherical dome skylight module and the roof structure, and the power supply module is located on one side of the hemispherical dome skylight module.

[0006] Preferably, the precast concrete structure base includes flashing and connecting steel plates; The flashing is used to divert water outwards and protect the seams below; The connecting steel plate is used to install the indoor aluminum alloy safety ladder; The inner wall of the flashing is pre-embedded with several connecting steel plates.

[0007] Preferably, the hemispherical dome skylight module includes a skylight base, a hemispherical frame, an automatic door module, and a door frame; The skylight base is used to support and fix the hemispherical frame; The hemispherical frame is used to provide a mounting profile frame; The automatic door module is used for controlled opening and closing to allow personnel to enter or exit or to achieve ventilation and smoke extraction; The door frame is used to install the automatic door module and provide a passage for people to pass through; The skylight base is fixed to the top of the precast concrete structure base, the hemispherical frame is connected to the top of the skylight base by pre-embedded bolts, the door frame is set on one side of the hemispherical frame, and the automatic door module is installed on the inside of the door frame.

[0008] Preferably, the hemispherical frame includes several annular beams, several arc-shaped beams, and several tempered glass panels; The hemispherical frame is composed of several horizontally arranged annular beams and vertically arranged arc beams. The annular beams and arc beams together form a load-bearing skeleton for mounting tempered glass. The hemispherical frame has a circular opening at the top.

[0009] Preferably, the automatic door module includes a magnetic levitation automatic door, a controller, and an infrared sensor; The magnetic levitation automatic door is used for the passage of people and tools; The controller is used to control the automatic opening and closing of the magnetic levitation automatic door according to preset logic based on the signals from each sensor. The infrared sensor is used to detect the need for pedestrian access.

[0010] Preferably, the skylight support bracket includes a fixed plate, a support rod, and a load-bearing base; The fixing plate is used to support and fix the functional components below; The support rod is used to provide support for the fixed plate; The load-bearing chassis is used to transfer the load of the skylight support bracket to the roof structure and maintain system stability; The fixed disk is mounted on the top of the circular opening, one end of the support rod is fixed to the top of the fixed disk, and the other end of the support rod is fixed to the top of the load-bearing chassis.

[0011] Preferably, a smoke detector, a temperature sensor and an illuminating lamp are respectively mounted at the bottom of the fixed disk; The smoke detector is configured to monitor smoke to realize fire early warning; The temperature sensor is configured to monitor indoor and outdoor temperatures; The illuminating lamp is configured to provide illumination for the access opening area.

[0012] Preferably, a wind and rain sensor is mounted on the outer side of the maglev automatic door, and the wind and rain sensor is configured to monitor wind speed and rainfall in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the power supply module includes a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery; The photovoltaic panel is configured to convert solar energy into electric energy; The storage battery is configured to store electric energy; The output end of the photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to the input end of the storage battery, the photovoltaic panel is mounted on the sun-facing side of the hemispherical frame, and the storage battery is mounted on the inner side of the skylight base.

[0014] Preferably, the infrared sensor, the smoke detector, the temperature sensor and the wind and rain sensor are all in signal connection with the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is electrically connected to the input ends of the maglev automatic door and the illuminating lamp respectively.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopting the above technical solutions has the following technical effects: The prefabricated concrete structure base adopts an inverted "convex" shape design and a flashing eave structure, combined with drip lines and multiple sealing treatments, which fundamentally eliminates the hidden danger of rainwater leakage at the roof opening; the inverted U-shaped groove at the bottom of the maglev automatic door clamps and wraps the permanent magnet rail inside the groove, which has the functions of wind resistance and anti-disengagement as well as rainwater leakage prevention; the controller is built with multi-priority logic, sets emergency smoke exhaust as the first priority, ensures that the smoke exhaust channel is forcibly opened in case of fire, prioritizes the protection of life safety, and improves the comprehensive safety level of the roof access opening.

[0016] This invention breaks through the traditional single function of inspection holes as mere passageways, organically integrating six major functions—safe passage, natural lighting, active ventilation, emergency smoke extraction, environmental monitoring, and solar self-powered operation—into a hemispherical dome structure. The hemispherical dome skylight module is fixed to the top of a precast concrete structure base via a skylight base. The hemispherical frame is constructed from ring beams and arc beams to form a load-bearing skeleton and is fitted with tempered glass to form a transparent enclosure structure. It also integrates multiple types of sensors, including smoke detectors, temperature sensors, wind and rain sensors, and infrared sensors, upgrading the roof inspection hole into a multi-functional intelligent safety skylight, thereby enhancing the building's added value and space utilization.

[0017] By using the controller as a signal processor, the system integrates multi-source sensor signals from infrared sensors, wind and rain sensors, smoke detectors, and temperature sensors in real time, and performs logical judgment based on a first / second / third priority algorithm. It intelligently switches between three modes: emergency smoke extraction, severe weather protection, and automatic personnel access. The magnetic levitation automatic door opens and closes automatically, providing a barrier-free passage experience and avoiding secondary disasters such as rainwater backflow or equipment freezing damage caused by personnel forgetting to close it, thus reducing the burden of operation and maintenance.

[0018] The power supply module uses photovoltaic panels as part of the enclosure material of the hemispherical frame. The photovoltaic panels are made of light-transmitting photovoltaic glass and installed on the sun-facing side of the hemispherical frame. They convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in batteries. This provides an independent power supply for the magnetic levitation automatic door, controller, smoke detector, temperature sensor and lighting. The power supply is completely independent of the external power grid, ensuring that the emergency smoke extraction, lighting and alarm functions can still operate normally in the event of a municipal power outage or other emergencies. This greatly enhances the power supply reliability and survivability of the system in disaster scenarios.

[0019] The core component, the precast concrete structure base, is cast integrally using factory molds. The annular beams and arc beams of the hemispherical frame are formed by extrusion of aluminum alloy profiles. On-site installation requires only hoisting and a small amount of connection work, ensuring controllable construction quality and a very short construction period. For the renovation of flat roofs in old residential areas, only pre-reserved or drilled installation holes in the roof panels are needed. The sealing treatment between the flashing and the roof waterproofing layer is quick and easy. The load-bearing base of the skylight support bracket is installed on the roof. The overall installation process has minimal impact on residents' daily lives, making it particularly suitable for renovation projects of existing buildings with limited space and tight schedules.

[0020] The compact hemispherical dome skylight module structure does not occupy additional roof space. The fixed plate of the skylight support bracket is installed at the circular opening at the top of the hemispherical frame, and the secondary connection design of the support rod to the load-bearing chassis enhances the overall wind resistance. At the same time, the magnetic levitation automatic door uses permanent magnets with mutual repulsion to form a non-contact magnetic levitation support. The C-shaped sliding rail groove at the top of the door frame and the inverted U-shaped groove at the bottom form a double clamping anti-detachment mechanism, which effectively resists wind pressure. The lower part of the door frame uses a lever-type movable sliding rail. After the power is cut off, the door leaf will automatically reset and close along the "V" shaped inclined surface by its own gravity. It does not rely on any electric or electronic control, which constitutes a purely mechanical, inherently safe, and redundant design, eliminating the secondary safety hazard of the magnetic levitation automatic door failing to close due to power failure.

[0021] This invention addresses common pain points in the renovation of old residential communities, such as load limitations and narrow construction areas. The precast concrete structure base has a uniform weight distribution, eliminating the need for large-scale structural reinforcement. The integral components can be quickly assembled on-site with fewer connection nodes and simple operation. The flashing can be reliably sealed to the existing roof waterproofing layer without the need to redo the waterproofing layer. The connecting steel plate embedded in the inner wall of the flashing is used to install indoor aluminum alloy safety ladders, providing access for people to go up and down. The entire installation process is quick and efficient, significantly reducing outdoor work time and minimizing construction dust and noise pollution. While improving the safety and comfort of residents, it also minimizes interference with their lives. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the skylight support bracket of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor connection according to the present invention.

[0024] Description of Reference Numerals: 1. Prefabricated concrete structure base; 11. Flashing edge; 12. Connection steel plate; 2. Hemispherical dome skylight module; 21. Skylight base; 22. Hemispherical frame; 221. Annular beam; 222. Curved beam; 223. Tempered glass; 23. Automatic door module; 231. Maglev automatic door; 232. Controller; 233. Infrared sensor; 25. Door frame; 3. Skylight support hanger; 31. Fixed disc; 32. Support rod; 33. Load-bearing chassis; 4. Smoke detector; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. Illumination lamp; 7. Wind and rain sensor. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for the understanding and reading of those skilled in the art, and are not intended to limit the qualifying conditions for the implementation of the present application, so they have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change of proportional relationship or size adjustment that does not affect the efficacy and purpose that the present application can achieve shall still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present application. Embodiment 1

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1-4 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a prefabricated multi-functional roof access manhole system, comprising a prefabricated concrete structure base 1, a hemispherical dome skylight module 2, a skylight support hanger 3 and a power supply module; The prefabricated concrete structure base 1 is configured to be installed and fixed at the reserved opening of the roof and provide overall support for the upper structure; the prefabricated concrete structure base 1 is an integrally prefabricated reinforced concrete member, which is integrally cast and formed by a mold, and the prefabricated concrete structure base 1 is an inverted "convex"-shaped cylindrical structure; The prefabricated concrete structure base 1 comprises a flashing edge 11 and a connection steel plate 12; the flashing edge 11 is configured to disperse water outward and protect the lower joint; the connection steel plate 12 is configured to install an indoor aluminum alloy safety ladder; Several connecting steel plates 12 are pre-embedded in the inner wall of the flashing 11. The top edge of the precast concrete structure base 1 is provided with an outwardly projecting flashing 11. The width of the flashing 11 is between 100-300mm. A drip line is provided below the flashing 11 to ensure effective drainage. The precast concrete structure base 1 is installed and fixed at the reserved opening in the roof. The flashing 11 and the roof waterproofing layer are reliably sealed.

[0028] Hemispherical dome skylight module 2, used to form a hemispherical transparent enclosure; skylight support bracket 3, used to support and stabilize the hemispherical dome structure; power supply module, used to supply power to various electrical devices in the system; The hemispherical dome skylight module 2 is installed on the top of the precast concrete structure base 1. The skylight support hanger 3 is connected between the top of the hemispherical dome skylight module 2 and the roof structure. The power supply module is located on one side of the hemispherical dome skylight module 2.

[0029] The hemispherical dome skylight module 2 includes a skylight base 21, a hemispherical frame 22, an automatic door module 23, and a door frame 25; the skylight base 21 is used to support and fix the hemispherical frame 22; the skylight base 21 is a cylindrical structure base used to install and fix the hemispherical frame 22. A hemispherical frame 22 is used to provide an installation profile frame. The hemispherical frame 22 includes several annular beams 221, several arc-shaped beams 222, and several tempered glass panels 223. The hemispherical frame 22 is composed of several horizontally arranged annular beams 221 and vertically arranged arc-shaped beams 222, which together form a load-bearing skeleton for mounting the tempered glass panels 223. The top of the hemispherical frame 22 has a circular opening, and a fixing plate 31 is installed on the circular opening at the top of the hemispherical frame 22. Preferably, the hemispherical frame 22 is an aluminum alloy profile frame. Automatic door module 23 is used for controlled opening and closing to allow personnel to enter and exit or to achieve ventilation and smoke extraction; door frame 25 is used to install automatic door module 23 and provide passage for personnel; door frame 25 is provided on one side of hemispherical frame 22; door frame 25 is used to install magnetic levitation automatic door 231; the upper part of door frame 25 is provided with track; the lower part of door frame 25 is provided with anti-sway device; The skylight base 21 is fixed to the top of the precast concrete structure base 1. The hemispherical frame 22 is connected to the top of the skylight base 21 by pre-embedded bolts. The door frame 25 is set on one side of the hemispherical frame 22, and the automatic door module 23 is installed on the inside of the door frame 25.

[0030] Automatic door module 23 includes a magnetic levitation automatic door 231, a controller 232, and an infrared sensor 233; The magnetic levitation automatic door 231 is used for the passage of personnel and tools; the controller 232 is used to control the automatic opening and closing of the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 according to preset logic based on the signals from various sensors; the controller 232 adopts a DSP digital signal processor with a sampling frequency ≥10kHz; the infrared sensor 233 is used to sense the needs of personnel passage.

[0031] A wind and rain sensor 7 is installed on the outside of the magnetic levitation automatic door 231. The wind and rain sensor 7 is used to monitor wind speed and rainfall in real time. When severe weather (such as strong winds and heavy rain) occurs, the wind and rain sensor 7 can automatically link with the controller 232 to close the magnetic levitation automatic door 231.

[0032] The automatic door module 23 consists of two opposing magnetic levitation automatic doors 231, which move to the left and right respectively to open. They are located at the door frame 25 of the hemispherical frame 22 on the same side as the indoor ladder, with a clear passage width of not less than 600mm and a clear height of not less than 1000mm. The top of the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 is installed in the slide rail groove on the upper part of the door frame 25. The slide rail groove clamps the top of the door leaf to prevent the door leaf from derailing. The bottom of the door leaf has an integrated inverted U-shaped groove, and multiple permanent magnet beads are fixedly embedded inside the inverted U-shaped groove. A permanent magnet track is provided at the corresponding position on the lower part of the door frame 25. The permanent magnet track and the permanent magnet beads in the inverted U-shaped groove are arranged in a like-pole repulsive manner. The door leaf is supported above the permanent magnet track by magnetic levitation to achieve low-friction sliding. At the same time, the inverted U-shaped groove clamps the permanent magnet track in its groove opening to prevent the door leaf from falling off under strong wind conditions and rainwater from leaking along the track. The permanent magnet track is installed on the lower sliding rail of the door frame 25. The sliding rail adopts a lever-type movable installation structure, and a pluggable locking pin is provided at the closing center position of the sliding rail. When the door needs to be opened, the locking pin is inserted into the closing center position of the sliding rail. Using the lever principle, the middle support point of the sliding rail is lifted upward by 2mm±0.5mm, causing the sliding rail to tilt to both sides. Under the action of gravity, the door slides open with low resistance to the left and right sides along the tilt direction. When the door needs to be closed, the locking pin is pulled out from the closing center position of the sliding rail. Under the action of its lever mechanism, the sliding rail tilts 2mm±0.5mm towards the closing center. Under the action of its own gravity, the door automatically slides back to the closing center position along the tilt direction, realizing mechanical automatic closing after power failure. The magnetic levitation automatic door 231 adopts a double-leaf, opposing magnetic levitation sliding door structure. The two door leaves can slide open horizontally to the left and right respectively. The slide rail groove at the top of the door is made of C-shaped extruded aluminum alloy profile with an inward-curving groove opening, which clamps the top edge of the door leaf within the groove, restricting the displacement of the door leaf in the horizontal and vertical directions and preventing the door leaf from falling off the slide rail due to wind pressure. The bottom of the door leaf is fixed with an integrally injection-molded inverted U-shaped groove. Several permanent magnet beads, preferably neodymium iron boron beads, are evenly embedded in the two inner walls of the groove, with the N pole of each bead facing inwards towards the groove opening. A lower sliding rail corresponding to the inverted U-shaped groove at the bottom of the door leaf is installed on the lower part of the door frame 25. A permanent magnet track is fixed to the upper surface of the sliding rail, with its N pole facing upwards, opposite to the N pole of the permanent magnet beads in the inverted U-shaped groove. Utilizing the principle of like poles repulsion, a stable magnetic levitation support layer is formed at the bottom of the door leaf, allowing the door leaf to maintain a non-contact levitation state with the sliding rail during sliding, resulting in extremely low frictional resistance. Simultaneously, the two side walls of the inverted U-shaped groove enclose the permanent magnet track within the groove opening, forming a mechanical anti-detachment structure that effectively resists door leaf floating or lateral displacement caused by wind pressure. The gap between the groove opening and the track is controlled at 2mm to 4mm, ensuring smooth sliding while preventing rainwater from seeping into the door along the track surface. The lower slide rail is installed at the bottom of the door frame 25 via a lever-type support. The lever-type support uses the center line of the closed door leaf as the fulcrum, and a lifting pin that can move up and down is provided at the fulcrum. The lifting pin is linked to an electric or manual latch mechanism. When the controller 232 issues an opening command, the latch mechanism drives the lifting pin to lift upward, raising the middle support point of the lower slide rail by 2mm. The lower slide rail forms a "Λ"-shaped (inverted V-shaped) inclined surface with fixed hinge points at both ends and a movable hinge point in the middle, that is, it gradually lowers from the middle to both sides. Under its own weight, the two door leaves slide and open to the left and right sides respectively along the inclined surface. When the controller 232 issues a closing command or the system is powered off, the latch mechanism releases the lifting pin. The lifting pin returns to its original position and descends under the action of spring force. The lower slide rail returns to the "V"-shaped inclined surface with a lower middle and higher ends. Under its own weight, the door leaves slide and return to the middle closed position along the inclined surface, realizing fully mechanical automatic closing. The lever-type tilting reset structure does not rely on electric drive. Even if the system is completely powered off, the door can still slide to the closed position by its own weight along the tilting slide rail, forming a mechanical redundancy safety mechanism to prevent secondary risks such as rainwater backflow or foreign objects entering due to the door not being able to close because of power failure. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet beads are preferably neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet materials, grade N52, with nickel plating for rust prevention; the permanent magnet track uses permanent magnets of the same grade embedded in an aluminum alloy track base; the slide rail groove and inverted U-shaped groove are made of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy profiles through extrusion molding; the lever-type lower slide rail support is made of 304 stainless steel, and the stroke of the fulcrum lifting pin is 2mm±0.5mm, driven by a miniature electromagnet.

[0033] The skylight support bracket 3 includes a fixed plate 31, a support rod 32, and a load-bearing base 33; the support rod 32 has an arc-shaped upper part that connects to the upper part of the fixed plate 31; the bottom of the support rod 32 is installed on the load-bearing base 33; the support rod 32 is a hollow tube, and the inside is used to install cables; the load-bearing base 33 is installed on the roof. The fixed plate 31 is used to support and fix the functional components below; the support rod 32 is used to provide support for the fixed plate 31; the load-bearing base 33 is used to transfer the load of the skylight support bracket 3 to the roof structure and maintain system stability; the fixed plate 31 is installed on the top of the circular opening, one end of the support rod 32 is fixed to the top of the fixed plate 31, and the other end of the support rod 32 is fixed to the top of the load-bearing base 33.

[0034] The bottom of the mounting plate 31 is equipped with a smoke detector 4, a temperature sensor 5, and a lighting lamp 6. The smoke detector 4 is used to monitor smoke for fire early warning. There are several smoke detectors 4, which are installed on the mounting plate 31 and the rest are installed on the top of the stairwell or corridor. The smoke detector 4 is connected to the controller 232 via wireless communication such as LoRa. The smoke detector 4 can realize early fire warning. The smoke detector 4 is preferably a composite detector, which includes both photoelectric and ionization sensors, which can reduce the false alarm rate and improve the detection capability of different types of fires. More preferably, the smoke detector 4 integrates temperature and carbon monoxide detection functions. Temperature sensor 5 is used to monitor indoor and outdoor temperatures; lighting lamp 6 is used to provide lighting for the maintenance area; infrared sensor 233, smoke detector 4, temperature sensor 5 and wind and rain sensor 7 are all connected to the input terminal of controller 232; the output terminal of controller 232 is electrically connected to the input terminal of magnetic levitation automatic door 231 and lighting lamp 6 respectively.

[0035] When smoke detector 4 detects indoor smoke, it transmits the information to controller 232 via cable. Controller 232 then controls the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 to open to the left and right to ventilate the smoke. When smart rain and wind sensor 7 detects outdoor rain, it transmits the signal to controller 232 via wireless network. Controller 232 then controls the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 to close. When digital temperature sensor 5 detects that the outdoor temperature is lower than the set value, controller 232 controls the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 to close. When digital temperature sensor 5 detects that the outdoor temperature is higher than the set value, controller 232 controls the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 to open.

[0036] The controller 232 is configured to receive signals from the infrared sensor 233, the wind and rain sensor 7, the smoke detector 4, and the temperature sensor 5. It can also receive manual operation commands from indoor manual switches or remote controls. After performing logical judgment based on a preset first / second / third-level priority algorithm, it outputs opening and closing control commands to the magnetic levitation automatic door 231, and outputs alarm and remote communication commands to the communication and alarm module. It automatically controls the movement of the magnetic levitation double-opening automatic door according to a preset multi-priority logic, which includes at least a first priority (emergency smoke exhaust mode), a second priority (environmental protection mode), and a third priority (automatic passage mode). First priority (emergency smoke exhaust mode): When smoke detector 4 detects smoke, it transmits a signal to controller 232. Upon receiving the emergency signal from smoke detector 4, regardless of the current state of the magnetic levitation automatic door 231, controller 232 will open the door to the left or right and lock it in this state until manually reset. When the door closes, controller 232 will simultaneously activate a local audible and visual alarm and can remotely push the fire information to the property management or fire monitoring center. The system maintains smoke exhaust operation until the fire is manually confirmed to be extinguished and a local or remote reset is performed, at which point it can exit emergency mode and resume normal control. Second priority (environmental protection mode): If the first priority is not triggered, when the wind speed exceeds the threshold (e.g., >10m / s) or rain is detected, the wind and rain sensor 7 sends a signal to the controller 232, and the controller 232 controls the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 to close to the sealed position; when the temperature sensor 5 detects a low temperature (e.g., <-10°C) and the window is open, the controller 232 controls the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 to close to the sealed position. Third priority (automatic passage mode): When the controller 232 receives a trigger signal from the infrared sensor 233 indicating that a person is passing through, the controller 232 will control the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 to open or close. The power supply module includes a photovoltaic panel and a battery. The photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electrical energy. The photovoltaic panel uses light-transmitting photovoltaic glass and is installed on the sunny side as part of the enclosure glass of the hemispherical frame 22. Independent photovoltaic panels can also be added to the roof as needed. The DC power output by the photovoltaic panel is regulated by the photovoltaic controller 232 and stored in the energy storage battery. The battery is used to store electrical energy. The output terminal of the photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to the input terminal of the battery. The photovoltaic panel is installed on the sunny side of the hemispherical frame 22, and the battery is installed inside the skylight base 21.

[0037] The battery supplies power to the automatic door module 23, controller 232, smoke detector 4, temperature sensor 5, and lighting 6 via cables. All power cables are run through the internal cavities of the annular beam 221 and arc beam 222 of the hemispherical frame 22, as well as the internal cavity of the support rod 32, to achieve concealed wiring and avoid the aging and safety hazards caused by exposed cables. In addition to power supply cables, the internal cavities of support rod 32, ring beam 221, and arc beam 222 can also simultaneously carry signal transmission cables for smoke detector 4 and temperature sensor 5, achieving separation of strong and weak current wiring and avoiding electromagnetic interference. Working principle or structural principle: The precast concrete structural base 1 is installed at the reserved opening of the roof in an inverted "convex" shaped cylinder structure, with a drip line arranged below, which is reliably sealed with the roof waterproof layer to realize outward water dispersion and protect the joint. The connecting steel plate 12 pre-embedded in the inner wall of the flashing eave 11 is used for installing the indoor aluminum alloy safety ladder, providing a passage for personnel to go up and down; The hemispherical dome skylight module 2 is fixed on the top of the precast concrete structural base 1 through the skylight base 21. The hemispherical frame 22 is an aluminum alloy skeleton assembled by horizontal annular beams 221 and vertical curved beams 222, with tempered glass 223 embedded therein to form a hemispherical transparent enclosure. A fixing plate 31 is installed at the top circular opening; the upper part of the support rod 32 of the skylight support hanger 3 is in arc-shaped connection with the fixing plate 31, and the bottom is fixed to the roof through the load-bearing chassis 33, so as to transfer the dome load to the roof and enhance the overall stability of the system. The support rod 32 adopts a hollow tube, the interior of which is used for threading cables.

[0038] In the power supply module, the photovoltaic panel is preferably a light-transmitting photovoltaic power generation glass installed on the sun-facing side of the hemispherical frame 22, which converts solar energy into electric energy and stores it in the storage battery. The storage battery supplies power to the maglev automatic door 231, the controller 232, the smoke detector 4, the temperature sensor 5 and the illuminating lamp 6. All power supply cables and sensor signal cables are threaded through the inner cavities of the annular beams 221, the curved beams 222 and the support rod 32, so as to realize concealed separated wiring of strong and weak electricity; The automatic door module 23 adopts the maglev automatic door 231, the top of the door leaf is clamped by the C-shaped sliding rail groove on the upper part of the door frame 25 to prevent falling off; the bottom of the door leaf is provided with an integrally formed inverted U-shaped groove, and neodymium iron boron permanent magnetic beads are embedded on both sides inside the groove. A permanent magnetic track is installed on the lower part of the door frame 25, which repels the permanent magnetic beads with the same pole to form a maglev support layer, so that the door leaf maintains a non-contact low-friction state when sliding. The inverted U-shaped groove encloses the permanent magnetic track in the groove opening with a gap of 2 to 4 mm, which not only prevents derailment in strong wind but also prevents rainwater from seeping in.

[0039] When the smoke detector 4 detects fire smoke, regardless of the current door state, the controller 232 forcibly opens the maglev automatic door 231 to the smoke exhaust position and locks it, and simultaneously activates the acousto-optic alarm and remote fire information push until the fire is confirmed to be eliminated manually and reset; When the fire signal is not triggered, if the wind and rain sensor 7 detects that the wind speed exceeds the threshold or it rains, or the temperature sensor 5 detects low outdoor temperature, the controller 232 controls the automatic door to close to the sealing position to realize severe weather protection; When neither of the first two priorities is triggered, if the infrared sensor 233 senses the passage demand of personnel, the controller 232 controls the automatic door to open or close, so as to facilitate personnel and tools to enter and exit the access opening. Embodiment 2

[0040] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the energy storage battery is installed near the load-bearing chassis 33.

[0041] The photovoltaic power generation glass serves as part of the enclosing material of the hemispherical frame 22, absorbs solar energy and converts it into electric energy, which is stored in the storage battery near the load-bearing chassis 33 to supply power to the controller 232, the maglev automatic door 231, the sensors and the illuminating lamp 6, so as to realize energy self-sufficiency. Embodiment 3

[0042] The present invention further provides a control method for the fabricated multi-functional roof access manhole system, comprising the following steps: Step S1: The controller 232 receives detection signals from the smoke detector 4, the wind and rain sensor 7, the temperature sensor 5 and the infrared sensor 233 in real time; Step S2: The controller 232 performs priority judgment according to the received signals: If a fire smoke signal sent by the smoke detector 4 is received, the process enters a first-priority emergency smoke exhaust mode, controls the maglev automatic door 231 to open to the left and right sides to the smoke exhaust position, and locks the open state until an on-site or remote reset operation is performed after the fire is confirmed to be eliminated manually, while activating local sound and light alarm and remotely pushing fire information; If no fire smoke signal is received, but a signal indicating that the wind speed exceeds a set threshold or a rain signal sent by the wind and rain sensor 7 is received, or a signal sent by the temperature sensor 5 indicating that the outdoor temperature is lower than a set threshold is received, the process enters a second-priority environment protection mode, and controls the maglev automatic door 231 to close to the sealed position; If no fire smoke signal and no environment protection trigger signal are received, but a person approaching signal sent by the infrared sensor 233 is received, the process enters a third-priority automatic access mode, and controls the maglev automatic door 231 to open or close; If none of the above conditions are met, the process returns to step S1 to maintain the current door state.

[0043] In summary, the prefabricated concrete structure base 1 adopts an inverted "convex" shape design and the flashing eave 11 structure, combined with drip line and multiple sealing treatments, which fundamentally solves the hidden danger of rainwater leakage at the roof opening; the inverted U-shaped groove at the bottom of the maglev automatic door 231 clamps and wraps the permanent magnet track inside the groove, which has the functions of wind resistance and anti-disengagement as well as rainwater leakage prevention; the controller 232 has built-in multi-priority logic, and sets emergency smoke exhaust as the first priority, which ensures that the smoke exhaust passage is forcibly opened in case of fire, prioritizes the protection of life safety, and significantly improves the comprehensive safety level of the roof access opening.

[0044] This invention breaks through the traditional single function of inspection holes as mere passageways, organically integrating six major functions—safe passage, natural lighting, active ventilation, emergency smoke extraction, environmental monitoring, and solar self-powered operation—into a hemispherical dome structure. The hemispherical dome skylight module 2 is fixed to the top of the precast concrete structure base 1 via the skylight base 21. The hemispherical frame 22 is constructed from ring beams 221 and arc beams 222 to form a load-bearing skeleton and is fitted with tempered glass 223, forming a transparent enclosure structure. It also integrates multiple types of sensors, including smoke detectors 4, temperature sensors 5, wind and rain sensors 7, and infrared sensors 233, upgrading the roof inspection hole into a multi-functional intelligent safety skylight, thereby enhancing the building's added value and space utilization.

[0045] The controller 232 acts as a signal processor, which integrates multi-source sensor signals from infrared sensor 233, wind and rain sensor 7, smoke detector 4, and temperature sensor 5 in real time. It performs logical judgment based on a first / second / third priority algorithm and intelligently switches between three modes: emergency smoke extraction, severe weather protection, and automatic personnel passage. The magnetic levitation automatic door 231 opens and closes automatically, providing a barrier-free passage experience and avoiding secondary disasters such as rainwater backflow or equipment freezing damage caused by personnel forgetting to close it, thus reducing the burden of operation and maintenance.

[0046] The power supply module uses photovoltaic panels as part of the enclosure material of the hemispherical frame 22. The photovoltaic panels are made of light-transmitting photovoltaic glass and installed on the sun-facing side of the hemispherical frame 22. They convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the battery. This provides an independent power supply for the magnetic levitation automatic door 231, controller 232, smoke detector 4, temperature sensor 5 and lighting 6. The power supply is completely independent of the external power grid, ensuring that the emergency smoke extraction, lighting and alarm functions can still operate normally in the event of a municipal power outage or other emergencies. This greatly enhances the power supply reliability and survivability of the system in disaster scenarios.

[0047] The core component, the precast concrete structure base 1, is integrally cast using factory molds. The annular beam 221 and arc beam 222 of the hemispherical frame 22 are extruded from aluminum alloy profiles. On-site installation requires only hoisting and a small amount of connection work. The construction quality is controllable and the construction period is extremely short. For the renovation of flat roofs in old residential areas, only installation holes need to be reserved or drilled on the roof panel. The flashing 11 and the roof waterproofing layer are sealed quickly. The load-bearing base 33 of the skylight support bracket 3 is installed on the roof. The overall installation process has minimal impact on residents' daily lives. It is particularly suitable for existing building renovation projects with limited space and tight schedules.

[0048] The hemispherical dome skylight module 2 has a compact structure that does not occupy additional roof space. It is installed on the fixed plate 31 of the skylight support bracket 3 at the top circular opening of the hemispherical frame 22 and the secondary connection design of the support rod 32 to the load-bearing chassis 33 enhances the overall wind resistance. At the same time, the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 uses permanent magnets with mutual repulsion to form a non-contact magnetic levitation support. The upper C-shaped sliding rail groove and the lower inverted U-shaped groove of the door frame 25 form a double clamping anti-detachment mechanism, which effectively resists wind pressure. The lower part of the door frame 25 adopts a lever-type movable sliding rail. After the power is cut off, the door leaf automatically resets and closes along the "V" shaped inclined surface by its own gravity. It does not rely on any power or electronic control, which constitutes a purely mechanical inherent safety redundancy design and eliminates the secondary safety hazard that the magnetic levitation automatic door 231 cannot close due to power failure.

[0049] This invention addresses common pain points in the renovation of old residential communities, such as load limitations and narrow construction areas. The precast concrete structure base 1 has a uniform weight distribution, eliminating the need for large-scale structural reinforcement; the overall components can be quickly assembled on-site with fewer connection nodes and simple operation; the flashing 11 can be reliably sealed to the existing roof waterproofing layer without the need to redo the waterproofing layer; the connecting steel plate 12 embedded in the inner wall of the flashing 11 is used to install an indoor aluminum alloy safety ladder, providing access for people to go up and down. The entire installation process is quick and efficient, significantly shortening outdoor work time and minimizing construction dust and noise pollution. While improving residential safety and comfort, it also minimizes interference with residents' lives.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention can be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention can be combined or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system, characterized in that, It includes a precast concrete structure base (1), a hemispherical dome skylight module (2), a skylight support hanger (3), and a power supply module; The precast concrete structure base (1) is used to be installed and fixed at the reserved opening on the roof and to provide overall support for the upper structure. The hemispherical dome skylight module (2) is used to form a hemispherical transparent enclosure; The skylight support bracket (3) is used to support and stabilize the hemispherical dome structure; The power supply module is used to supply power to various electrical devices in the system; The hemispherical dome skylight module (2) is installed on the top of the precast concrete structure base (1), the skylight support bracket (3) is connected between the top of the hemispherical dome skylight module (2) and the roof structure, and the power supply module is located on one side of the hemispherical dome skylight module (2).

2. The prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precast concrete structure base (1) includes flashing (11) and connecting steel plate (12). The flashing (11) is used to disperse water outwards and protect the seam below; The connecting steel plate (12) is used to install the indoor aluminum alloy safety ladder; The inner wall of the flashing (11) is pre-embedded with several connecting steel plates (12).

3. The prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hemispherical dome skylight module (2) includes a skylight base (21), a hemispherical frame (22), an automatic door module (23), and a door frame (25); The skylight base (21) is used to support and fix the hemispherical frame (22). The hemispherical frame (22) is used to provide a mounting profile frame; The automatic door module (23) is used for controlled opening and closing to allow personnel to enter or exit or to achieve ventilation and smoke extraction; The door frame (25) is used to install the automatic door module (23) and provide passage for people to pass through; The skylight base (21) is fixed to the top of the precast concrete structure base (1), the hemispherical frame (22) is connected to the top of the skylight base (21) by pre-embedded bolts, the door frame (25) is set on one side of the hemispherical frame (22), and the automatic door module (23) is installed on the inside of the door frame (25).

4. The prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hemispherical frame (22) includes several annular beams (221), several arc beams (222), and several tempered glass (223). The hemispherical frame (22) is composed of several horizontally arranged annular beams (221) and vertically arranged arc beams (222). The annular beams (221) and arc beams (222) together form a load-bearing frame for mounting tempered glass (223). The hemispherical frame (22) has a circular opening at the top.

5. A prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The automatic door module (23) includes a magnetic levitation automatic door (231), a controller (232), and an infrared sensor (233). The magnetic levitation automatic door (231) is used for the passage of personnel and tools; The controller (232) is used to control the automatic opening and closing of the magnetic levitation automatic door (231) according to preset logic based on the signals from each sensor; The infrared sensor (233) is used to sense the need for people to pass through.

6. A prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The skylight support bracket (3) includes a fixed plate (31), a support rod (32), and a load-bearing base (33). The fixed plate (31) is used to support and fix the functional components below; The support rod (32) is used to provide support for the fixed plate (31); The load-bearing chassis (33) is used to transfer the load of the skylight support bracket (3) to the roof structure and maintain system stability; The fixed plate (31) is installed on the top of the circular opening, one end of the support rod (32) is fixed to the top of the fixed plate (31), and the other end of the support rod (32) is fixed to the top of the load-bearing chassis (33).

7. A prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the fixed plate (31) is respectively equipped with a smoke detector (4), a temperature sensor (5) and a lighting lamp (6); The smoke detector (4) is used to monitor smoke for fire early warning; The temperature sensor (5) is used to monitor indoor and outdoor temperatures; The lighting lamp (6) is used to provide illumination for the inspection port area.

8. A prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The magnetic levitation automatic door (231) is equipped with a wind and rain sensor (7) on its outside, which is used to monitor wind speed and rainfall in real time.

9. A prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power supply module includes a photovoltaic panel and a battery; The photovoltaic panel is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; The battery is used to store electrical energy; The output end of the photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to the input end of the battery. The photovoltaic panel is installed on the sun-facing side of the hemispherical frame (22), and the battery is installed inside the skylight base (21).

10. A prefabricated multifunctional roof access panel system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The infrared sensor (233), smoke detector (4), temperature sensor (5) and wind and rain sensor (7) are all connected to the input terminal of the controller (232), and the output terminal of the controller (232) is electrically connected to the input terminal of the magnetic levitation automatic door (231) and the lighting lamp (6).

Images