Coal mine TBM tunnel segment special-shaped opening supporting equipment and step-by-step construction method

Abstract

The application relates to a coal mine TBM roadway segment special-shaped opening supporting equipment and a step-by-step construction method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine roadway supporting engineering. The equipment comprises two groups of supporting trolleys symmetrically arranged at both sides of an inner opening of an inclined shaft, reinforcing units, arch top stress regulation and control units, connecting units and interface support units. The reinforcing units are correspondingly arranged on the supporting trolleys and are used for reinforcing and supporting the top wall of the inclined shaft. The arch top stress regulation and control units are arranged on the supporting trolleys and are used for locally reinforcing the stress of the arch top span region. The connecting units are located on the two groups of supporting trolleys and are used for connecting the two groups of reinforcing units. The interface support units are arranged at the connection position of the inclined shaft and a branch roadway and are used for supporting the special-shaped opening. The application realizes the mechanized operation of the special-shaped opening support, greatly shortens the empty top time of surrounding rock, improves the overall performance of the support and the construction efficiency, reduces the high-altitude operation risk, and is suitable for complex underground working conditions of large-span, soft surrounding rock and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine roadway support engineering technology, specifically to a coal mine TBM roadway segment irregular opening support equipment and a step-by-step construction method. Background Technology

[0002] The TBM tunnel segment support equipment for coal mines is a specialized set of equipment used for pre-reinforcement of tunnel segments, permanent support of surrounding rock, and step-by-step orderly construction when opening irregular openings such as branch roadways in inclined shafts constructed using the TBM method. It is widely used in various irregular opening support operation scenarios such as connecting roadways, refuge chambers, and equipment chambers in coal mines.

[0003] Currently, the conventional construction method for opening irregular openings in TBM segment roadways in coal mines is to manually erect temporary supports in conjunction with step-by-step excavation and reinforcement. The existing support system mainly includes individual hydraulic props, simple steel arch frames, anchor bolt construction equipment, and anchor mesh sprayed support components. During construction, workers first erect individual hydraulic props one by one to the inside of the segments around the predetermined opening for temporary support. Then, the segments are cut section by section manually, and the surrounding rock at the branch is excavated. During the excavation process, anchor bolts are installed, steel mesh is hung, and shotcrete is sprayed to complete the temporary support. After the branch section is formed, a steel arch frame is manually erected to complete the permanent reinforcement. The branch interface is supported by a conventional anchor mesh sprayed structure.

[0004] Existing irregular opening support methods have significant shortcomings in practical construction applications: First, there is a lack of specialized mechanized load-bearing equipment, requiring temporary supports and reinforcement components to be manually transported and erected piece by piece, resulting in high labor intensity, low construction efficiency, and workers being in high-risk areas of the opening for extended periods, leading to high construction safety risks. Second, the sequence of procedures is inherently constrained, and the open roof window period cannot be fundamentally eliminated. Segment cutting operations disrupt the overall stress balance of the original annular lining, and stress concentration around the opening can easily cause segment cracking, displacement, or even local instability. Therefore, temporary supports must be erected before excavation to constrain and reinforce the segments around the opening. Furthermore, due to segment assembly errors and actual boundary deviations of the surrounding rock, the opening profile often requires on-site fine-tuning. Temporary supports, being point-distributed, allow for flexible adjustment of support points to adapt to on-site corrections. Permanent supports, on the other hand, are rigid integral structures whose positions cannot be adjusted after anchoring. Moreover, the arch anchoring operation must be performed from below the frame, requiring the removal of temporary support components occupying the inner space before installation. The operational characteristics and installation conditions of the two are mutually restrictive, forming a vicious cycle of "temporary support must be erected before excavation and temporary support must be dismantled before permanent support is installed". This inevitably creates a window of opportunity between the removal of temporary support and the installation of permanent support, and the risk of stress release in the surrounding rock and segment deformation always exists. The problem of support lagging behind excavation cannot be completely solved by conventional processes. Thirdly, the reinforcement components on both sides of the opening are independently and dispersed, lacking a reliable lateral connection structure. The overall integrity of the support system is poor, and it cannot work together to bear the load of the surrounding rock at the arch, resulting in insufficient long-term support stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies and proposes a support equipment and step-by-step construction method for irregular openings in TBM roadways of coal mines, solving the problems of low support construction efficiency, high risk of open roof, poor overall integrity of support system, and insufficient mechanization in current TBM construction of irregular openings in inclined shafts of coal mines.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A support device for irregular openings in a TBM (Tube Milling Machine) roadway segment includes two sets of support trolleys symmetrically arranged on both sides of the opening in an inclined shaft, a reinforcement unit, an arch stress control unit, a connecting unit, and an interface support unit. The reinforcement unit is correspondingly mounted on the support trolley and is used to reinforce and support the roof of the inclined shaft. The arch stress control unit is mounted on the support trolley and is used to locally reinforce the stress in the mid-span area of ​​the arch. The connecting unit is located on the two sets of support trolleys and spans between the two sets of reinforcement units, connecting the two sets of reinforcement units. The interface support unit is located at the connection between the inclined shaft and the branch roadway and is used to support the irregular opening.

[0007] Furthermore, the support trolley includes a traveling chassis, a hydraulic telescopic rod, and a temporary support frame; the bottom of the traveling chassis is equipped with traveling wheels, and a pre-support hydraulic cylinder is installed on the traveling chassis; the hydraulic telescopic rod is vertically installed on the traveling chassis, and a support column is fixedly installed at its movable end; the temporary support frame is fixedly installed at the top of the support column and is used to lift and fit against the inner wall of the top segment of the inclined shaft to achieve pre-reinforcement.

[0008] Furthermore, the reinforcement unit includes a support frame and a mounting part; the support frame is an arc-shaped frame that matches the inner curvature of the inclined shaft arch segment, and rests on the top surface of the temporary support frame to directly support the vertical load; the mounting part is provided on the side wall of the temporary support frame and is used to apply horizontal limiting constraints to the support frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the top surface of the temporary support frame is provided with multiple positioning columns spaced along the arc direction, and the bottom of the support frame is provided with mounting holes that correspond to the positioning columns one by one; the mounting holes are through holes that penetrate the support frame and also serve as guide holes for anchor bolt construction.

[0010] Furthermore, the mounting part includes an adjusting telescopic rod, a drive block, a positioning telescopic rod, a positioning block, and a return spring; the temporary support frame has a first storage slot and a second storage slot, and the bearing frame has a positioning slot, which is directly opposite to the second storage slot; the adjusting telescopic rod is installed in the first storage slot, and the rodless cavity is filled with liquid; the drive block is fixedly installed on the movable end of the adjusting telescopic rod, and a guide slope is provided on the side away from the adjusting telescopic rod; the positioning telescopic rod is installed in the second storage slot, and the rod cavity is filled with liquid, and the rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod is opposite to the rodless cavity of the adjusting telescopic rod. The system is connected via a pipe; the positioning block is fixedly mounted on the movable end of the positioning telescopic rod, and a guide slope is provided on the side away from the positioning telescopic rod; the return spring is installed in the rodless cavity of the positioning telescopic rod; the positioning telescopic rod has three stroke states: when locked in place, the positioning block is inserted into the positioning groove, and the positioning telescopic rod is in a half-extended state; when unlocked, the positioning telescopic rod is fully retracted, and the positioning block is dislodged from the positioning groove; when the support frame and the temporary support frame are vertically separated, the positioning block loses the constraint of the positioning groove, and the return spring pushes the positioning telescopic rod to extend to the fully extended state of maximum stroke.

[0011] Furthermore, the arch stress control unit includes a trigger telescopic rod, a diagonal bracing telescopic rod, a connecting pipe, a return pipe, and a connecting branch pipe; a sliding groove is provided on the support column; the trigger telescopic rod is vertically embedded inside the arch of the temporary support frame, and its top end face is flush with the top surface of the temporary support frame; a driving spring is provided in the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rod; the diagonal bracing telescopic rod is obliquely arranged below the temporary support frame; the fixed end of the diagonal bracing telescopic rod is hinged to the temporary support frame, and the movable end is hinged to a support slider, which is located in the sliding groove. It is slidably connected to the support column; both the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rod and the rodless cavity of the inclined brace telescopic rod are filled with liquid, and both ends of the connecting pipe are connected to the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rod and the rodless cavity of the inclined brace telescopic rod, respectively. A one-way valve is installed on the connecting pipe; both ends of the return pipe are connected to the connecting pipe, and an isolation telescopic rod is installed on the return pipe. The rod cavity of the isolation telescopic rod is filled with liquid; both ends of the connecting branch pipe are connected to the rod cavity of the isolation telescopic rod and the rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod, respectively. An overflow valve is installed on the connecting branch pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting unit includes a connecting hydraulic rod and a connecting steel plate; the connecting hydraulic rod is installed on the walking chassis; the connecting steel plate is horizontally arranged at the top of the connecting hydraulic rod, and a receiving groove is opened at the bottom end, the top of the connecting hydraulic rod is located in the receiving groove, and the connecting steel plate is used to simultaneously release the lateral limit of the mounting part when lifting.

[0013] Furthermore, the connecting unit also includes a connecting part, which includes a driving telescopic rod, a connecting block, and a locking telescopic rod; a docking plate is fixedly provided on one side of the support frame, an installation groove is provided on the connecting steel plate, and a locking groove is provided on one side of the installation groove; the driving telescopic rod is embedded in the docking plate, and its movable end abuts against the top of the temporary support frame; the connecting block is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the docking plate and located in the installation groove; the locking telescopic rod is embedded in the connecting block, and its movable end is directly opposite the locking groove; both the rodless cavity of the locking telescopic rod and the rod-containing cavity of the driving telescopic rod are filled with liquid, and the two are connected by a pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the interface support unit includes a gantry and a steel mesh; the gantry is installed at the branch roadway junction wall and is used to bear the load of the surrounding rock at the junction; the steel mesh is tied to the junction wall and is used to integrate with the gantry through concrete pouring to enhance the overall bearing strength of the junction wall.

[0015] A method for phased construction of irregular openings in TBM tunnel segments in coal mines, based on the aforementioned support equipment, includes the following steps: S1. Trolley positioning and pre-support: The two sets of support trolleys pre-loaded with reinforcement units are driven to the designed positions on both sides of the irregular opening of the inclined shaft to complete the pre-reinforcement of the pipe segments in the opening area. During the jacking process, the arch stress control unit provides local stress reinforcement in the arch span. S2. Outer support at the junction: Cut the pipe segments at the junction of the branch roadway according to the design dimensions, excavate the surrounding rock of the junction wall, and construct the outer support. S3. Interface support layout: Interface support units are installed at the junction wall. S4. Unit unlocking and lifting: Start the connecting unit, release the lateral limit between the reinforcement unit and the support trolley, the connecting unit lifts the two sets of reinforcement units to maintain the docking state, and the arch stress control unit releases the local stress reinforcement in the mid-span area of ​​the arch. S5. Permanent anchoring construction: The reinforcement unit is permanently anchored to the surrounding rock of the arch crown, and the two sets of reinforcement units are connected laterally through the connecting unit. S6. Trolley Retraction and Pouring: The support trolley is retracted and moved to another location, and concrete is poured into the fork wall to form a support structure between the interface support unit and the reinforcement unit.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: 1. This invention adopts a trolley-based integrated support equipment, which integrates the functions of walking, lifting, temporary support, and permanent component mounting into one, replacing the traditional temporary support mode of manual assembly of scattered parts. This greatly reduces the labor intensity of workers and the time spent working at height. The trolley can be moved to another site and reused as a whole, and is suitable for continuous construction with multiple openings, making it more economical and adaptable to engineering projects.

[0017] 2. The permanent support frame of this invention is pre-mounted on the temporary support frame, and the permanent components are simultaneously in place during the pre-reinforcement stage before segment cutting; after unlocking, it is directly anchored and left, eliminating the window period of "removing all temporary supports → installing permanent components", minimizing the exposure time of the surrounding rock after segment cutting, effectively suppressing the release of surrounding rock stress and segment deformation, and fundamentally improving the safety of irregular opening construction.

[0018] 3. The invention features a purely mechanical linkage unlocking mechanism that completes three processes: squeezing the drive block, hydraulic transmission unlocking, and connecting the lifting support frame. It requires no additional power source or manual disassembly, ensuring reliable transmission and easy operation. It is naturally suited to the explosion-proof working environment of underground coal mines. The positioning column and the mounting hole are inserted and aligned, serving as both installation positioning and anchor rod guidance functions. This eliminates the need for manual line laying and measurement, improving construction accuracy and efficiency.

[0019] 4. The present invention is equipped with a hydraulic linkage automatic locking structure. When the temporary support frame is retracted and separated, the drive telescopic rod extends automatically by gravity and pushes the locking telescopic rod into the locking groove through hydraulic pressure transmission, which automatically completes the lateral locking of the support frame and the connecting steel plate. There is no need for manual high-altitude alignment and locking, which further reduces the operation risk. The two sets of support frames form a lateral integral force-bearing system through the connecting steel plate, which can work together to withstand the asymmetric mine pressure of the arch, and the overall support integrity and load-bearing capacity are significantly improved.

[0020] 5. This invention features an arch stress control unit that automatically triggers diagonal bracing reinforcement based on the jacking reaction force. It achieves active stiffness control in the stress concentration area at the mid-span of the opening, effectively offsetting the local bending moment after segment cutting and reducing the risk of arch deflection and segment cracking. At the same time, the stroke state of the positioning telescopic rod is used as a mechanical interlock signal. The return flow pressure relief is only activated after the bearing frame and the temporary support frame are completely vertically separated, thus preventing accidental instability of the diagonal bracing when the bearing frame is in place. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the support equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the support equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram showing the connection state between the inclined shaft and the branch tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 2A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the sliding groove in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Inclined shaft; 2. Branch tunnel; 3. Support trolley; 31. Traveling chassis; 311. Traveling wheel; 312. Pre-support hydraulic cylinder; 32. Hydraulic telescopic rod; 321. Support column; 3211. Sliding groove; 33. Temporary support frame; 331. Positioning column; 332. First storage slot; 333. Second storage slot; 4. Reinforcement unit; 41. Bearing frame; 411. Mounting hole; 412. Positioning groove; 413. Connecting plate; 42. Mounting part; 421. Adjustable telescopic rod; 422. Drive block; 423. Positioning telescopic rod; 424. Positioning block; 425. Reset spring 5. Spring; 51. Arch stress adjustment unit; 52. Trigger telescopic rod; 53. Drive spring; 54. Diagonal brace telescopic rod; 55. Support slider; 56. Connecting pipe; 57. Check valve; 58. Return pipe; 59. Isolation telescopic rod; 50. Connecting branch pipe; 51. Overflow valve; 61. Connecting unit; 62. Connecting steel plate; 63. Receiving groove; 64. Mounting groove; 65. Locking groove; 66. Connecting hydraulic rod; 67. Connecting part; 68. Drive telescopic rod; 69. Connecting block; 60. Locking telescopic rod; 71. Interface support unit; 72. Portal frame; 73. Reinforcing mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical problem to be solved, the technical solution, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

[0024] This embodiment provides a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) segmented tunnel opening support equipment and a step-by-step construction method for a coal mine roadway. It is applied to an irregular opening project in the No. 14 coal seam connecting roadway of a secondary inclined shaft in a coal mine. The secondary inclined shaft No. 1 is constructed using TBM, with arc-shaped segmented lining support. The shaft inclination angle is 6°, the inner diameter is 6.6m, the segment thickness is 0.35m, and the segment width is 1.5m. The connecting roadway and shaft form a 30° angle, and the designed bifurcation width is 9.3m. The surrounding rock stability in this area is poor, with a local risk of gas outbursts. To ensure the safety and efficiency of the opening construction, the support equipment and step-by-step construction method proposed in this invention are used.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 7 The support equipment for irregular openings of TBM tunnel segments in coal mines includes at least two sets of support trolleys 3 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the opening in the inclined shaft 1, a reinforcement unit 4, an arch stress control unit 5, a connection unit 6, and an interface support unit 7.

[0026] The support trolley 3 includes a traveling chassis 31, a hydraulic telescopic rod 32, and a temporary support frame 33. The traveling chassis 31 is a mine-use explosion-proof wheeled chassis with traveling wheels 311 at the bottom. The inner side of the bottom of the traveling chassis 31 also integrates a pre-support hydraulic cylinder 312 and a hydraulic power system. The traveling wheels 311 can drive the support trolley 3 to move autonomously along the bottom plate of the inclined shaft 1. When it reaches the target position, the hydraulic power system can drive the pre-support hydraulic cylinder 312 to extend to the ground and position the support trolley 3. Two sets of hydraulic telescopic rods 32 are provided and fixedly installed on both sides of the traveling chassis 31. The movable end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 32 is fixedly provided with a support column 321. A sliding groove 3211 is opened on one side of the support column 321. The two sets of support columns 321 are connected to the arc-shaped temporary support frame 33. The temporary support frame 33 is made of channel steel and the outer arc matches the inner arc of the top segment of the inclined shaft 1. After being lifted, it can completely fit against the inner wall of the segment to achieve pre-reinforcement of the segment in the opening area.

[0027] The reinforcement unit 4 includes a support frame 41 and a mounting section 42. The curvature of the support frame 41 is consistent with the inner side of the tunnel segment. Concrete can be poured into the inside to enhance the load-bearing capacity, and grouting holes and venting holes are respectively provided at the bottom. The support frame 41 is ultimately left as a permanent support component at the arch top. The support frame 41 rests directly on the top surface of the temporary support frame 33. All vertical loads are supported by the temporary support frame 33. The mounting section 42 only applies horizontal limiting constraints to prevent the support frame 41 from shifting during the relocation and jacking of the support trolley 3.

[0028] Multiple positioning posts 331 are evenly arranged along the arc direction on the top surface of the temporary support frame 33. Multiple mounting holes 411 are correspondingly opened on the bottom of the support frame 41. The positioning posts 331 are inserted into the mounting holes 411 one by one to achieve automatic alignment of the support frame 41. The mounting holes 411 are through holes that run vertically through the top and bottom, and the hole diameter is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod. They can be directly used as guide holes for anchor rod construction during subsequent permanent anchoring, eliminating the need for on-site layout and measurement procedures.

[0029] The mounting part 42 is mounted on the temporary support frame 33. The mounting part 42 includes an adjusting telescopic rod 421, a drive block 422, a positioning telescopic rod 423, a positioning block 424, and a return spring 425. The temporary support frame 33 has a first storage slot 332 and a second storage slot 333. The adjusting telescopic rod 421 is vertically installed in the first storage slot 332, and its rodless cavity is filled with hydraulic oil. The drive block 422 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable end of the adjusting telescopic rod 421, and the outer bottom surface of the drive block 422 is machined into a guide slope. The positioning telescopic rod 423 is horizontally installed in the second storage slot 333. Its rod cavity is filled with hydraulic oil. The rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod 423 is connected to the rodless cavity of the adjusting telescopic rod 421 through an internal oil passage. The positioning block 424 is fixedly installed at the movable end of the positioning telescopic rod 423. A guide slope is machined on the side facing the support frame 41. The positioning block 424 is used to align and engage with the positioning groove 412 provided on the side wall of the support frame 41. The return spring 425 is installed in the rodless cavity of the positioning telescopic rod 423. Its two ends abut against the inner wall of the rodless cavity and the piston end face, respectively.

[0030] In its natural state, the return spring 425 extends and pushes the positioning telescopic rod 423 outward, causing the positioning block 424 to engage in the positioning groove 412 on the side wall of the support frame 41, thus achieving lateral limitation of the support frame 41. When the drive block 422 is subjected to upward compressive force, the drive block 422 compresses the adjusting telescopic rod 421 downward to retract it. The hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber of the adjusting telescopic rod 421 flows into the rod chamber of the positioning telescopic rod 423, pushing the positioning telescopic rod 423 inward and compressing the return spring 425, causing the positioning block 424 to disengage from the positioning groove 412, thus releasing the lateral limitation. The positioning telescopic rod 423 has three stroke states: when engaged in the positioning groove 412, it is in a half-extended locked state; when retracted by hydraulic drive, it is in a fully retracted unlocked state; when the support frame 41 vertically detaches from the temporary support frame 33 and the positioning block 424 completely loses the lateral obstruction of the positioning groove 412, the return spring 425 will push the positioning telescopic rod 423 to the fully extended state of maximum stroke.

[0031] Each set of arch stress control units 5 includes two trigger telescopic rods 51, two diagonal bracing telescopic rods 52, two connecting pipes 53, two return pipes 54, and two connecting branch pipes 55. The trigger telescopic rods 51 are vertically embedded in the pre-embedded holes in the arch of the temporary support frame 33, and their top end faces are flush with the top surface of the temporary support frame 33, without protruding and interfering with the placement of the bearing frame 41. The rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rods 51 is filled with hydraulic oil, and a drive spring 511 is installed in the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rods 51. The diagonal bracing telescopic rods 52 are diagonally arranged below the temporary support frame 33, and their fixed ends are hinged to the temporary support frame 33. The rodless cavity of the diagonal bracing telescopic rods 52 is filled with hydraulic oil. A support slider 521 is hinged to the movable end of the diagonal bracing telescopic rods 52. The support slider 521 is embedded in the sliding groove 3211 and is slidably connected to the support column 321 in the vertical direction. In the stowed state, the support slider 521 rests on the upper part of the sliding groove 3211, and the diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 is attached to the inside of the frame without occupying the working space below.

[0032] The two ends of the connecting pipe 53 are connected to the rodless chamber of the trigger telescopic rod 51 and the rodless chamber of the inclined support telescopic rod 52, respectively. A one-way valve 531 is connected in series in the pipe, so that the hydraulic oil can only flow from the rodless chamber of the trigger telescopic rod 51 to the rodless chamber of the inclined support telescopic rod 52, and the reverse cut-off pressure is maintained.

[0033] Both ends of the return pipe 54 are connected to the connecting pipe 53. An isolation telescopic rod 541 is installed on the return pipe 54. The rod cavity of the isolation telescopic rod 541 is filled with liquid. Both ends of the connecting branch pipe 55 are connected to the rod cavity of the isolation telescopic rod 541 and the rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod 423, respectively. An overflow valve 551 is installed on the connecting branch pipe 55.

[0034] The return pipe 54 serves as the pressure relief path for the hydraulic circuit of the inclined support telescopic rod 52 and the trigger telescopic rod 51. Under normal conditions, it is cut off by the isolation telescopic rod 541, but becomes open under unlocking conditions, enabling the stress control unit 5 to retract and reset. The isolation telescopic rod 541 extends and retracts based on the hydraulic oil pressure in the rod chamber, achieving the sealing and opening of the return pipe. It is an interlocking component for pressure maintenance and pressure relief switching. The connecting branch pipe 55 is a hydraulic transmission path, establishing a pressure linkage between the positioning telescopic rod 423 and the isolation telescopic rod 541, converting the unlocking state of the mounting part 42 into a pressure relief signal for the stress control unit 5. The overflow valve 551 is installed on the connecting branch pipe 55, serving as overpressure protection. When the hydraulic pressure in the pipeline exceeds a set threshold, it automatically releases pressure to prevent overload damage to hydraulic components and ensure the stable operation of the downhole explosion-proof hydraulic system.

[0035] After the support trolley 3 is lifted into position, the bearing frame 41 presses against the inner wall of the tunnel segment. The reaction force of the tunnel segment compresses downward through the bearing frame 41, triggering the telescopic rod 51. The hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber is injected into the rodless chamber of the diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 through the one-way valve 531, pushing the diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 to slowly extend. The support slider 521 slides downward along the sliding groove 3211, and the diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 automatically switches from the retracted posture to the diagonal support posture. After the support slider 521 reaches the lower limit, it locks. The diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 applies a pre-jacking force to the mid-span of the arch, completing the local stiffness reinforcement. The one-way valve 531 is reversed and shut off, so the diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 always maintains a pressure-holding state during the cutting operation and will not retract on its own due to vibration or load fluctuations.

[0036] The connecting unit 6 includes a connecting hydraulic rod 62, a connecting steel plate 61, and a connecting part 63. The connecting hydraulic rod 62 is vertically mounted on the traveling chassis 31. Two sets of connecting hydraulic rods 62 are provided, each located on one of the two traveling chassis 31. A connecting steel plate 61 is horizontally positioned at the top of each set of connecting hydraulic rods 62, and the bottom of the connecting steel plate 61 has a receiving groove 611 into which the piston rod end of the connecting hydraulic rod 62 is embedded. The connecting steel plate 61 spans across the underside of the two sets of support frames 41, and during lifting, it can simultaneously contact the drive blocks 422 on both sets of reinforcement units 4.

[0037] A docking plate 413 is fixedly installed on one side of the support frame 41. A connecting part 63 is located on the docking plate 413. The connecting part 63 includes a drive telescopic rod 631, a connecting block 632, and a locking telescopic rod 633. The drive telescopic rod 631 is vertically embedded in the docking plate 413, with its movable end extending downwards. In the initial state, the support frame 41 rests on the top surface of the temporary support frame 33, and the movable end of the drive telescopic rod 631 is pushed upwards and retracted by the top surface of the temporary support frame 33. The connecting block 632 is fixed to the bottom end of the docking plate 413. An installation groove 612 is opened on the connecting steel plate 61, and a locking groove 613 is opened on one side of the installation groove 612. The connecting block 632 can be embedded in the installation groove 612. The locking telescopic rod 633 is horizontally embedded in the connecting block 632, with its movable end facing the locking groove 613. The rod-side cavity of the driving telescopic rod 631 and the rodless cavity of the locking telescopic rod 633 are connected by an internal oil passage, and the cavity is filled with hydraulic oil. When the temporary support frame 33 moves down and the driving telescopic rod 631 loses support, its movable end extends downward under the action of gravity, the volume of the rod-side cavity decreases, and the hydraulic oil flows into the rodless cavity of the locking telescopic rod 633, pushing the locking telescopic rod 633 to extend laterally and lock into the locking groove 613, thus automatically completing the locking of the support frame 41 and the connecting steel plate 61.

[0038] The interface support unit 7 is installed within the bifurcation wall of branch roadway 2, and includes a portal frame 71 and longitudinally and transversely overlapping steel mesh 72. The portal frame 71 consists of a portal frame top beam and portal frame column beams. The portal frame top beam is made of I-beams and is arranged close to the top of the bifurcation surrounding rock. The steel mesh 72 is made of steel bars tied together and fixed to the pre-embedded bolts on the segment cut surface. Finally, it is cast into concrete together with the portal frame 71 to form a permanent load-bearing structure for the bifurcation.

[0039] The step-by-step construction method based on the above-mentioned support equipment specifically includes the following steps: S1, Support trolley 3 in place and pre-supported (segment pre-reinforcement and active stress reinforcement of the arch). Pre-positioning state: The support frame 41 is pre-hoisted onto the top surface of the temporary support frame 33 on the ground. The positioning column 331 on the top surface of the temporary support frame 33 is inserted into the mounting hole 411 at the bottom of the support frame 41 to complete precise alignment. The hanging part 42 is in the locked state, and the positioning block 424 is inserted into the positioning groove 412 of the support frame 41 to lock the horizontal displacement of the support frame 41. All hydraulic components are in the initial storage and pressure holding standby state.

[0040] Component movement process: The traveling chassis 31 drives the two sets of support trolleys 3 to travel symmetrically to the designed positions on both sides of the irregular opening of the inclined shaft 1 via the bottom traveling wheels 311. The pre-support hydraulic cylinder 312 is activated to complete the chassis braking and locking, so as to prevent the trolleys from shifting during construction.

[0041] Simultaneously start the hydraulic telescopic rods 32 of the two sets of support trolleys 3 to lift upwards, driving the support column 321 and the top temporary support frame 33 to move upwards as a whole, so that the arc-shaped temporary support frame 33 fits against the inner wall of the top segment of the inclined shaft 1, and gradually pressurizes to the design pre-tightening force, completing the overall pre-reinforcement of the segment in the opening area and eliminating the segment assembly gap.

[0042] The arch stress control unit 5 automatically triggers operation: After the temporary support frame 33 moves upward and fits against the tube segment, the bearing frame 41 is pressed downward to squeeze the trigger telescopic rod 51 embedded in the frame body, compressing the drive spring 511 and internal hydraulic oil in the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rod 51; the hydraulic oil flows quickly into the rodless cavity of the inclined brace telescopic rod 52 through the connecting pipe 53 and the opened one-way valve 531, pushing the inclined brace telescopic rod 52 to extend obliquely.

[0043] The support slider 521 at the movable end of the diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 slides down at a constant speed along the sliding groove 3211 of the support column 321 until it is locked at the lower limit position of the sliding groove 3211. The diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 forms an oblique support structure, applies pre-jacking force to the stress concentration area in the middle of the arch, and completes local stress reinforcement.

[0044] During this stage, the return pipe 54 and the isolation telescopic rod 541 remain blocked, the one-way valve 531 reverses and shuts off, and the inclined bracing telescopic rod 52 maintains pressure throughout the entire process to continuously offset the local bending moment caused by the disruption of the original force balance of the segment; at the same time, C40 micro-expansion concrete is injected into the frame through the installation hole 411 (which also serves as a grouting hole) of the bearing frame 41, and static curing is carried out to form the initial bearing strength.

[0045] S2, Outer Support at the Intersection (Segment Cutting and Temporary Reinforcement of Surrounding Rock) Pre-positioning status: Support trolley 3 has completed pre-support, arch stress control unit 5 continues to maintain pressure and reinforce, reinforcement unit 4 is locked in place, and there is no loosening or stress concentration risk in the opening area segments.

[0046] Component movement process: Under the full pressure protection of the support equipment, the segments at the junction of the branch roadway 2 were cut with a water drill according to the design outline. The segments were dismantled one by one after the cut segments were removed. The entire process relied on the closed-loop support of the temporary support frame 33 and the bearing frame 41 to prevent the segments from shifting or cracking.

[0047] A cantilever tunneling machine was used in conjunction with a pneumatic pick to excavate the surrounding rock of the branch wall, with short excavation and short support, and controlled cyclic advance. After excavation, hollow grouting anchor rods were immediately installed, metal mesh was laid, and cement mortar was injected to reinforce the surrounding rock, completing the outer anchor mesh support and quickly sealing the exposed surface of the surrounding rock.

[0048] In this step, all support components remain stationary and pressure-maintaining: the mounting part 42 continuously locks the bearing frame 41, the arch stress control unit 5 continuously provides oblique support force, there is no component movement switching, and the stability of the support in the opening area is maintained throughout the process.

[0049] S3. Interface support layout (installation of permanent foundation support for branch intersections) Preliminary status: The outer layer of support for the surrounding rock at the junction has been completed, the stress of the surrounding rock has been initially released, and the support trolley 3 and the upper reinforcement structure remain in place.

[0050] Component movement process: At the junction of inclined shaft 1 and branch tunnel 2, a gantry 71 with interface support unit 7 is hoisted and installed, with the top beam of the gantry tightly attached to the metal mesh at the top of the junction; the column beam of the gantry is placed vertically on the ground, and anti-slip pads are placed at the bottom to complete the positioning and fixation of the gantry 71, which bears the vertical load of the surrounding rock at the junction.

[0051] Steel mesh 72 is tied inside the gantry 71 and the bifurcation wall. The steel mesh 72 is then tied and fixed together with the pre-embedded bolts on the segment cut surface and the gantry column beams to form a whole, thus forming a steel skeleton for the bifurcation support and providing a foundation for subsequent concrete pouring.

[0052] In this step, the support trolley 3 and the arch support components do not move; only the layout of the fork joint support components is completed to ensure the overall load-bearing foundation of the irregularly shaped fork joint wall is formed.

[0053] S4. Unit unlocking and lifting (hydraulic linkage unlocking, stress unloading and overall docking) Preliminary state: All external supports are installed, reinforcement unit 4 is locked and connected to temporary support frame 33, arch stress control unit 5 is under pressure maintenance and ready for unlocking and separation. This step is a core linkage process, enabling synchronous action and state switching of multiple components.

[0054] Component movement process: The connecting hydraulic rod 62 of the starting connecting unit 6 is lifted upward, driving the top connecting steel plate 61 to move upward at a constant speed. The two ends of the connecting steel plate 61 simultaneously contact the guide slope of the drive block 422 of the two side mounting parts 42.

[0055] The drive block 422 is squeezed and displaced downward, compressing the adjusting telescopic rod 421 in the first receiving groove 332. The volume of the rodless cavity of the adjusting telescopic rod 421 is reduced, and the hydraulic oil in the cavity is pressed into the rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod 423 through the pipeline.

[0056] High-pressure hydraulic oil pushes the positioning telescopic rod 423 to fully retract against the elastic force of the return spring 425, causing the positioning block 424 to disengage from the positioning groove 412 of the support frame 41, completely releasing the horizontal limit between the reinforcement unit 4 and the temporary support frame 33, and the return spring 425 is in a compressed energy storage state.

[0057] The high-pressure oil generated in the rod chamber of the positioning telescopic rod 423 is introduced into the rod chamber of the isolation telescopic rod 541 through the connecting branch pipe 55. After the pressure reaches the standard, it pushes the isolation telescopic rod 541 to retract, and the return pipe 54 is connected. If the pipeline pressure exceeds the standard, the relief valve 551 automatically releases and stabilizes the pressure to protect the hydraulic circuit.

[0058] After the return pipe 54 is connected, the hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber of the diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 flows back to the rodless chamber of the trigger telescopic rod 51 through the connecting pipe 53 and the return pipe 54. The trigger telescopic rod 51 is reset and extended under the action of the drive spring 511. The diagonal brace telescopic rod 52 loses hydraulic support and automatically retracts. The support slider 521 is reset and moves upward along the sliding groove 3211. The arch stress control unit 5 is completely released from the stress reinforcement state.

[0059] The hydraulic telescopic rod 32 is slowly retracted under synchronous control, which drives the temporary support frame 33 to move downward as a whole. The positioning column 331 gradually disengages from the mounting hole 411 of the bearing frame 41, and the reinforcement unit 4 and the support trolley 3 are vertically separated.

[0060] After the support frame 41 descends and detaches with the temporary support frame 33, the drive telescopic rod 631 on the docking plate 413 loses the support of the frame and extends downward under the action of gravity. The hydraulic oil in the rod chamber is pressurized and flows into the rodless chamber of the locking telescopic rod 633, pushing the locking telescopic rod 633 to extend and engage with the locking groove 613 of the connecting steel plate 61. This automatically completes the lateral locking of the two sets of support frames 41 and the connecting steel plate 61. The connecting steel plate 61 stably supports the two sets of reinforcement units 4 to maintain the overall docking state.

[0061] After the support frame 41 is completely separated, the positioning block 424 loses its lateral constraint, the reset spring 425 releases its elastic force, pushes the positioning telescopic rod 423 to fully extend and reset, the pipeline pressure drops, the isolation telescopic rod 541 extends again to block the return pipe 54, and all hydraulic components return to a stable standby state.

[0062] S5. Permanent anchoring construction (permanent fixing of reinforcement units and overall support forming) Pre-position state: The two sets of reinforcement units 4 form an integral structure through the connecting steel plate 61, and are stably supported at the designed position of the arch top without displacement or stress disturbance.

[0063] Component movement process: Using the installation hole 411 at the bottom of the support frame 41 as the guide hole for the anchor rod, multiple threaded steel anchor rods are driven into the stable surrounding rock layer at the top of the inclined shaft 1. The anchor rods are anchored into the deep stable rock layer, and a preset pre-tightening force is applied to complete the permanent anchoring and fixing of the support frame 41 and the surrounding rock at the top of the arch.

[0064] By utilizing the pre-reserved construction holes in the connecting steel plate 61, horizontal connecting anchor rods are installed upwards to anchor the two sets of symmetrically arranged bearing frames 41 and the connecting steel plate 61 into a whole, forming a closed-loop arch bearing structure, realizing the coordinated force of the two side reinforcement units 4, and improving the overall integrity of the support system.

[0065] After anchoring is completed, check the preload of all anchor bolts and the accuracy of structural connection to confirm that reinforcement unit 4 is not loose or offset and that the arch support structure is stable.

[0066] S6. Trolley retraction and pouring (integrated structural molding and final finishing) Preliminary status: The permanent anchorage structure of the arch has been completed, and reinforcement unit 4 can independently and stably bear the load without the need for trolley auxiliary support.

[0067] Component movement process: The retracting hydraulic rod 62 drives the connecting steel plate 61 to descend and reset, releasing the lifting assistance to the reinforcement unit 4, and all support components of the support trolley 3 are completely detached from the permanent support structure.

[0068] The support trolley 3 is operated, and the traveling wheels 311 of the traveling chassis 31 drive the equipment to move back to the site, completing the removal of the construction equipment from the site.

[0069] A prefabricated template was erected at the location of the wall of the branch roadway 2, and concrete was poured using a continuous pouring process. The ends of the arch reinforcement unit 4, the branch gate frame 71, and the steel mesh 72 were poured as a whole into an integrated support structure, realizing the overall support closed loop of the irregular opening arch and the branch wall.

[0070] After the concrete has naturally cured to its design strength, the formwork is removed, and all support construction for the irregular openings of the TBM tunnel segments in the coal mine is completed. The overall support structure can jointly withstand the asymmetric loads of the surrounding rock and has excellent long-term stability.

[0071] It should be noted that the equipment in this embodiment is equipped with a mine explosion-proof hydraulic pump station, the moving friction pairs are equipped with spark-free copper gaskets, and the pipelines are filled with flame-retardant hydraulic oil to meet the explosion-proof construction requirements of underground coal mines.

[0072] In the end, the irregular opening of the No. 1 connecting roadway of the auxiliary inclined shaft of the coal mine in this embodiment was successfully completed. During the construction, no phenomena such as segment deformation or surrounding rock collapse occurred. After completion, the support structure was stable, which verified the feasibility and safety of the support equipment and construction method proposed in this invention.

[0073] It should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The series of detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible implementation methods of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementation methods or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special-shaped opening support device for TBM tunnel segments in coal mines, characterized in that, The system includes two sets of support trolleys (3) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the opening inside the inclined shaft (1), a reinforcement unit (4), an arch stress control unit (5), a connection unit (6), and an interface support unit (7). The reinforcement unit (4) is correspondingly set on the support trolley (3) and is used to reinforce and support the top wall of the inclined shaft (1). The arch stress control unit (5) is set on the support trolley (3) and is used to locally reinforce the mid-span area of ​​the arch. The connection unit (6) is located on the two sets of support trolleys (3) and spans between the two sets of reinforcement units (4). The connection unit (6) is used to connect the two sets of reinforcement units (4). The interface support unit (7) is set at the connection between the inclined shaft (1) and the branch tunnel (2) and is used to support the irregular opening.

2. The special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM roadway segments in coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support trolley (3) includes a traveling chassis (31), a hydraulic telescopic rod (32), and a temporary support frame (33); the traveling chassis (31) is provided with traveling wheels (311) at the bottom and a pre-support hydraulic cylinder (312) at the bottom; the hydraulic telescopic rod (32) is vertically mounted on the traveling chassis (31), and a support column (321) is fixedly mounted on the movable end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (32); the temporary support frame (33) is fixedly mounted on the top of the support column (321) and is used to lift and fit against the inner wall of the top segment of the inclined shaft (1) to achieve pre-reinforcement.

3. The special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM roadway segments in coal mines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reinforcement unit (4) includes a support frame (41) and a mounting part (42); the support frame (41) is an arc-shaped frame that matches the inner curvature of the arch segment of the inclined shaft (1), and rests on the top surface of the temporary support frame (33) to directly support the vertical load; the mounting part (42) is set on the side wall of the temporary support frame (33) and is used to apply horizontal limiting constraints to the support frame (41).

4. The special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM roadway segments in coal mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top surface of the temporary support frame (33) is provided with multiple positioning columns (331) at intervals along the arc direction. The bottom of the bearing frame (41) is provided with mounting holes (411) that correspond to the positioning columns (331) one by one. The mounting holes (411) are through holes that penetrate the bearing frame (41) and also serve as guide holes for anchor bolt construction.

5. The special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM roadway segments in coal mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting part (42) includes an adjusting telescopic rod (421), a drive block (422), a positioning telescopic rod (423), a positioning block (424), and a return spring (425); the temporary support frame (33) is provided with a first storage slot (332) and a second storage slot (333), and the bearing frame (41) is provided with a positioning slot (412), which is directly opposite to the second storage slot (333); the adjusting telescopic rod (421) is installed in the first storage slot (332), and the rodless cavity of the adjusting telescopic rod (421) is filled with liquid; the drive block (422) is fixedly installed on the adjusting telescopic rod. On the movable end of (421), and on the side of the drive block (422) away from the adjusting telescopic rod (421), a guide slope is provided; the positioning telescopic rod (423) is installed in the second storage groove (333), and the rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod (423) is filled with liquid, and the rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod (423) is connected to the rodless cavity of the adjusting telescopic rod (421) through a pipe; the positioning block (424) is fixedly set on the movable end of the positioning telescopic rod (423), and on the side of the positioning block (424) away from the positioning telescopic rod (423), a guide slope is provided; the reset spring (425) is installed in the rodless cavity of the positioning telescopic rod (423).

6. The special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM roadway segments in coal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that, The arch stress control unit (5) includes a trigger telescopic rod (51), a diagonal bracing telescopic rod (52), a connecting pipe (53), a return pipe (54), and a connecting branch pipe (55); a sliding groove (3211) is provided on the support column (321); the trigger telescopic rod (51) is vertically embedded in the arch of the temporary support frame (33), and its top end face is flush with the top surface of the temporary support frame (33); a driving spring (511) is provided in the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rod (51); the diagonal bracing telescopic rod (52) is diagonally arranged below the temporary support frame (33); the fixed end of the diagonal bracing telescopic rod (52) is hinged to the temporary support frame (33); the movable end of the diagonal bracing telescopic rod (52) is hinged to a support slider (521); the support slider (521) is located at the... The sliding groove (3211) is slidably connected to the support column (321); the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rod (51) and the rodless cavity of the inclined telescopic rod (52) are both filled with liquid, and the two ends of the connecting pipe (53) are respectively connected to the rodless cavity of the trigger telescopic rod (51) and the rodless cavity of the inclined telescopic rod (52), and a one-way valve (531) is installed on the connecting pipe (53); the two ends of the return pipe (54) are both connected to the connecting pipe (53), and an isolation telescopic rod (541) is installed on the return pipe (54), and the rod cavity of the isolation telescopic rod (541) is filled with liquid; the two ends of the connecting branch pipe (55) are respectively connected to the rod cavity of the isolation telescopic rod (541) and the rod cavity of the positioning telescopic rod (423), and an overflow valve (551) is installed on the connecting branch pipe (55).

7. The special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM roadway segments in coal mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting unit (6) includes a connecting hydraulic rod (62) and a connecting steel plate (61); the connecting hydraulic rod (62) is installed on the walking chassis (31); the connecting steel plate (61) is horizontally arranged at the top of the connecting hydraulic rod (62), and a receiving groove (611) is opened at the bottom of the connecting steel plate (61), the top of the connecting hydraulic rod (62) is located in the receiving groove (611), and the connecting steel plate (61) is used to simultaneously release the lateral limit of the mounting part (42) when lifting.

8. A special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM tunnel segments in coal mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting unit (6) further includes a connecting part (63), which includes a driving telescopic rod (631), a connecting block (632), and a locking telescopic rod (633); a docking plate (413) is fixedly provided on one side of the support frame (41), and an installation groove (612) is provided on the connecting steel plate (61), with a locking groove (613) provided on one side of the installation groove (612); the driving telescopic rod (631) is embedded in the docking plate (413), and the driving telescopic rod ( The movable end of 631) abuts against the top of the temporary support frame (33); the connecting block (632) is fixedly set at the bottom of the docking plate (413) and located in the mounting groove (612); the locking telescopic rod (633) is embedded in the connecting block (632), and the movable end of the locking telescopic rod (633) is directly opposite the locking groove (613). The rodless cavity of the locking telescopic rod (633) and the rod cavity of the driving telescopic rod (631) are both filled with liquid, and the two are connected by a pipe.

9. A special-shaped opening support equipment for TBM tunnel segments in coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interface support unit (7) includes a gantry (71) and a steel mesh (72); the gantry (71) is set at the junction wall of the branch roadway (2) and is used to bear the load of the surrounding rock at the junction; the steel mesh (72) is tied to the junction wall and is used to be integrated with the gantry (71) by concrete pouring to enhance the overall bearing strength of the junction wall.

10. A method for phased construction of irregularly shaped openings in TBM tunnel segments in coal mines, characterized in that, The support equipment based on any one of claims 1-9, and comprising the following steps: S1, trolley positioning and pre-support: drive two sets of support trolleys (3) pre-loaded with reinforcement units (4) to the design positions on both sides of the irregular opening of the inclined shaft (1) to complete the pre-reinforcement of the pipe segments in the opening area. During the jacking process, the arch stress control unit (5) provides local stress reinforcement in the arch span. S2, Outer support at the junction: Cut the pipe segments at the junction of the branch tunnel (2) according to the design dimensions, excavate the surrounding rock of the junction wall, and construct the outer support; S3. Interface support layout: Interface support units (7) are laid out at the junction wall. S4. Unit unlocking and lifting: Start the connecting unit (6), release the lateral limit between the reinforcement unit (4) and the support trolley (3), the connecting unit (6) lifts the two sets of reinforcement units (4) to maintain the docking state, and the arch stress control unit (5) releases the local stress reinforcement of the arch mid-span area. S5. Permanent anchoring construction: The reinforcement unit (4) is permanently anchored to the surrounding rock of the arch, and the two sets of reinforcement units (4) are connected laterally through the connecting unit (6). S6. Trolley retraction and pouring: The support trolley (3) is retracted and moved to another location, and concrete is poured into the fork wall so that the interface support unit (7) and the reinforcement unit (4) form a support structure.

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