A monitoring method and system of a mine intelligent cable

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of intelligent cables, and discloses a mine intelligent cable monitoring method and system, wherein temperature, deformation and vibration data of each monitoring section are acquired based on a detection line sensing unit and an optical fiber unit, and multi-source operation state data are formed in combination with cable operation current, insulation state and environment data; thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage and damp insulation damage are respectively calculated and accumulated, comprehensive cumulative damage is determined according to preset damage weights and damage coupling correction parameters, and local health degrees and residual service lives are determined according to the comprehensive cumulative damage and growth speeds thereof. The application solves the technical problem that the existing cable monitoring cannot accurately determine the local section degradation degree and the continued service capability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of cable, in particular to a monitoring method and system of mine intelligent cable. BACKGROUND

[0002] Mine, especially underground coal mine, has complex environment such as high temperature, high humidity, water, coal dust and frequent mechanical disturbance. The mine cable is also subjected to long-term drag, extrusion, bending, twisting and vibration during the process of power supply for coal mining machine, scraper conveyor and other equipment, which is easy to cause hidden problems such as local temperature rise, sheath damage, insulation deterioration and conductor fatigue. Since the above damage usually occurs locally along the cable and gradually accumulates, simply taking the cable as an energy transmission channel can not meet the continuous operation and safety management requirements of underground equipment, so it is necessary to improve the continuous perception, state evaluation and life warning ability of the cable itself.

[0003] The existing cable monitoring system usually determines the state and alarms according to the single monitoring result of running time, surface temperature or overall insulation parameter, and combines with the preset threshold. This determination method is insufficient to reflect the joint action of different factors and the state difference of each section during the operation of the cable, which leads to rough cable state judgment and is difficult to accurately determine the deterioration degree and continuous service ability of the local section, so it is difficult to provide reliable basis for working condition adjustment, local repair or overall replacement. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a monitoring method and system of mine intelligent cable, which integrates a plurality of detection line sensing units and center optical fiber units in the cable to realize continuous partition perception of cable along line temperature, deformation and vibration. Further, the current, insulation and environmental data are further fused to quantify the cumulative damage, health degree and remaining life of each section, so as to realize intelligent monitoring of the cable.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: One or more embodiments provide a monitoring method of mine intelligent cable, which includes power line core, control line core, cooling pipeline, center support extending along the axial direction of the cable, a plurality of detection line sensing units and optical fiber units arranged along the center support; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: Based on the detection line sensing unit and the optical fiber unit, the detection line sensing signal and the optical fiber sensing signal of the mine intelligent cable are obtained, and the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section are extracted; wherein the mine intelligent cable includes a plurality of continuous monitoring sections, and the monitoring sections are distributed along the axial direction of the mine intelligent cable; Acquire cable operating current, insulation status and environmental data, and synchronize the acquired data with the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section in time and space to form multi-source operating status data of each monitoring section; Thermal aging damage is calculated based on the temperature, temperature duration, and temperature change rate of each monitoring section; mechanical fatigue damage is calculated based on the deformation and vibration data of each monitoring section; overload damage is calculated based on the relationship between the cable operating current and the rated current carrying capacity and the overload duration; and moisture insulation damage is calculated based on the insulation impedance, insulation impedance change rate, moisture environment parameters, and moisture duration. Thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture insulation damage in each monitoring section are accumulated separately, and the comprehensive accumulated damage of each monitoring section is determined according to the preset damage weight and damage coupling correction parameters. Based on the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section and the rate of increase of comprehensive cumulative damage over time, the local health of each monitoring section is determined, and the remaining service life of each monitoring section is determined based on the estimated time required for the comprehensive cumulative damage to reach the preset end-of-life conditions.

[0006] Further technical solutions include deformation data for each monitoring section, including deformation location, deformation amplitude, and deformation state. The probe line sensing unit acquires the probe line sensing signal corresponding to each monitoring section, and the axial position of the deformation section is determined based on the propagation delay between the transmitted signal and the abnormal reflection signal, which is then used as the deformation position. After determining the axial position of the deformation section, the real-time abnormal reflection signal amplitude of the detection line sensing unit at the deformation section and the reference reflection signal amplitude at the corresponding position when the cable is not deformed are obtained respectively. The normalized amplitude change of the i-th group of detection line sensing units is calculated, and the normalized amplitude change is converted into the corresponding deformation amplitude according to the calibration relationship. After determining the deformation section, the amplitude change, phase change, and the time when the signal started to change of the reflected signal from the three sets of detection line sensing units at the deformation section are extracted respectively, and the three sets of signals are compared to determine the deformation state.

[0007] Further technical solutions involve setting damage weights for thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture-induced insulation damage based on the degree of impact of various types of damage on cable life, and setting damage coupling correction parameters based on the mutual promotion effect when different types of damage exist simultaneously, and calculating the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section.

[0008] A further technical solution involves a central support structure located in the central area enclosed by the power core and the control core. The cross-sectional structure of the central support structure is rotationally symmetrical about the cable axis. The ends of the central support structure are provided with mounting grooves extending axially along the cable axis. These mounting grooves are arranged rotationally symmetrically around the cable axis and are used to mount the detection line sensing unit and cooling pipes. An optical fiber unit extends axially from the center of the central support structure. The power core, control core, cooling pipes, and the central support structure containing the detection line sensing unit and optical fiber unit together form the cable core, which is covered by a sheath structure.

[0009] A further technical solution includes a central support comprising a central body and at least three supporting ends extending radially outward from the central body, with the multiple supporting ends arranged circumferentially at intervals along the central body; each supporting end adopts the same or periodically repeating cross-sectional shape, such that after the central support is rotated by a preset angle, the position of each supporting end corresponds to that of another supporting end.

[0010] A further technical solution involves setting three support ends of the central support to form a congruent triangular support.

[0011] A further technical solution includes a detection line sensing unit comprising a time-domain reflectometry device and a detection line. The time-domain reflectometry device is used to input electrical pulses to the detection line. The detection line includes at least two spaced conductors and an elastic dielectric layer located between the conductors and covering the conductors. The conductors and the elastic dielectric layer together form a transmission structure with a set characteristic impedance.

[0012] A further technical solution involves arranging multiple detection line sensing units at intervals around the cable axis. Based on the response differences of each detection line sensing unit at the same axial position, the local strain, vibration, and deformation caused by dragging, squeezing, bending, and torsion of the cable can be identified.

[0013] A further technical solution is provided where a first mounting slot is provided on one side of the probe line mounting groove for setting the probe line sensing unit. The first mounting slot gradually narrows from the outside to the inside, forming a tapered inlet channel. The two side walls of the first mounting slot are oppositely arranged arc-shaped walls or inclined walls, and the first mounting slot smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the probe line mounting groove.

[0014] A monitoring system for intelligent cables in mines based on the above monitoring method includes: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the detection line sensing signals and fiber optic sensing signals of the intelligent mining cable based on the detection line sensing unit and the fiber optic unit, and extract the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section; wherein, the intelligent mining cable includes multiple continuous monitoring sections, and the monitoring sections are distributed along the axial direction of the intelligent mining cable. The time synchronization and spatial correspondence module is configured to acquire cable operating current, insulation status and environmental data, and synchronize and spatially correspond the acquired data with the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section to form multi-source operating status data of each monitoring section. The damage calculation module is configured to calculate thermal aging damage based on the temperature, temperature duration, and temperature change rate of each monitoring section; calculate mechanical fatigue damage based on the deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section; calculate overload damage based on the relationship between the cable operating current and the rated current carrying capacity and the overload duration; and calculate moisture insulation damage based on the insulation impedance, insulation impedance change rate, moisture environment parameters, and moisture duration. The fusion module is configured to accumulate the thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage and moisture insulation damage of each monitoring section, and determine the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section according to the preset damage weight and damage coupling correction parameters. The lifespan assessment module is configured to determine the local health of each monitoring segment based on the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring segment and the rate of increase of the comprehensive cumulative damage over time, and to determine the remaining service life of each monitoring segment based on the estimated time required for the comprehensive cumulative damage to reach the preset lifespan termination conditions.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The intelligent mining cable provided by this invention features a central support set in the central area enclosed by the power core and control core. At the end of the central support, mounting grooves extending axially and arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner are provided to install, support, and limit the detection line sensing units and cooling pipes. Simultaneously, the optical fiber unit is positioned at the center of the central support, enabling the power core, control core, cooling pipes, detection line sensing units, and optical fiber unit to form a relatively stable integrated arrangement within the cable core. This reduces the relative displacement and mutual compression between the components during twisting, dragging, compression, bending, and torsion, improving the circumferential stress balance and overall structural stability of the cable core. Multiple detection line sensing units are arranged rotationally symmetrically along the circumference of the central support, forming an integrated sensing structure together with the optical fiber unit positioned at the center of the central support, capable of acquiring different types of cable operating status data.

[0016] The monitoring method of this invention, by spatiotemporally mapping the temperature, deformation, vibration, current, insulation status, and environmental data of each monitoring section, and calculating thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture-induced insulation damage respectively, can uniformly convert the degree of deterioration caused by different operating factors into cumulative and comparable damage indicators. Furthermore, by combining damage weights, coupling correction parameters, and damage growth rates, the comprehensive cumulative damage, local health, and remaining service life of each monitoring section can be determined. This avoids the bias caused by judging cable status solely based on a single parameter, fixed threshold, or service life, promptly identifies high-risk local sections, and provides quantitative basis for continued operation, condition adjustment, partial repair, or overall replacement, thereby improving the accuracy of mining cable life assessment and maintenance decisions.

[0017] The advantages of the present invention, as well as its additional advantages, will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent mining cable with integrated detection line sensing according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power wire core in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control wire core in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the triangular support of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the monitoring method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; The components include: 1. Power core; 2. Control core; 3. Cooling pipeline; 4. Triangular bracket; 5. Detection line sensing unit; 6. Fiber optic unit; 7. Inner sheath layer; 8. Reinforcing layer; 9. Outer sheath layer. 10. Control insulated conductor; 11. Power conductor; 12. Power conductor insulation layer; 13. Braided shielding layer one; 21. Control conductor core; 22. Rubber insulation layer; 23. Braided shielding layer two; 24. Rubber sheath layer; 31. Detector line mounting slot; 32. Arc-shaped transition surface; 33. Fiber optic cable mounting slot; 34. Cooling pipe mounting slot; 35. Second mounting slot; 36. First mounting slot. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0022] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments and features within those embodiments can be combined with each other. The embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Example 1 During laying, dragging, and operation, underground mining cables are susceptible to mechanical forces such as compression, bending, torsion, and vibration. Existing cables typically use single-point sensor installations, which can only detect the cable condition at the sensor's location, making it difficult to meet the needs of full-line cable monitoring. Furthermore, the lack of stable integrated support and restraint structures between the power core, control core, cooling pipes, and sensing components makes them prone to relative displacement, mutual compression, or uneven stress within the cable core, affecting the overall structural stability of the cable core and the installation reliability of the sensing components. Therefore, this embodiment aims to solve the problems of insufficient full-line monitoring of mining cables and the inadequate structural stability of the cable core when multiple functional components are integrated.

[0024] In one or more of the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a smart cable for mining includes a power core 1, a control core 2 and a cooling pipeline 3, as well as a central support extending along the cable axis, multiple detection line sensing units 5 and optical fiber units 6. The central support is located in the central area enclosed by the power core 1 and the control core 2. The cross-sectional structure of the central support is rotationally symmetrical about the cable axis. The end of the central support is provided with a mounting groove extending along the cable axis. The mounting groove is arranged rotationally symmetrically around the cable axis and is used to install the detection line sensing unit 5 and the cooling pipe 3. The optical fiber unit 6 is installed at the center of the central support along the cable axis. The power core 1, control core 2, cooling pipe 3, and central support equipped with detection line sensing unit 5 and optical fiber unit 6 together form the cable core, which is covered with a sheath structure.

[0025] In this embodiment, a central support with a rotationally symmetrical cross-section is positioned in the central region enclosed by the power core 1 and the control core 2. At the end of the central support, mounting grooves are arranged rotationally symmetrically around the cable axis and extend axially along the cable. This allows the detection line sensing unit 5 and the cooling pipe 3 to be stably positioned along the cable length and constrained by the support, reducing relative displacement and mutual compression between components during cable twisting, dragging, squeezing, bending, and torsion, as well as preventing the detection line sensing unit 5 from detaching from the groove or being damaged. The circumferentially rotationally symmetrical arrangement of multiple mounting grooves allows the detection line sensing unit 5 to be positioned from different circumferential positions. The system acquires the cable's stress and deformation response, providing multi-directional detection data for differentiated identification of tensile, compressive, bending, and torsional states. The fiber optic unit 6 is positioned along the cable axis at the center of the central support, forming an optical and electrical composite sensing structure with the circumferentially distributed detection line sensing units 5, enabling coordinated acquisition of temperature, deformation, and vibration information. Simultaneously, the central support provides internal support and spatial separation for the power core 1, control core 2, cooling pipes 3, and sensing units. All components together form the cable core, which is then covered by a sheath structure, thereby improving the cable's internal space utilization, circumferential stress balance, and overall cable core structural stability.

[0026] In this embodiment, a rotationally symmetric structure means that after the cross-section of the central support is rotated around the rotation center by a non-zero preset angle, the profile of the rotated cross-section can coincide with the profile of the cross-section before rotation.

[0027] In some embodiments, the central support includes a central body and at least three support ends extending radially outward from the central body, the plurality of support ends being arranged circumferentially spaced along the central body; each support end adopts the same or periodically repeating cross-sectional shape, such that after the central support is rotated by a preset angle, each support end can correspond to the position of another support end.

[0028] In this embodiment, a central support with discrete support ends is used, forming circumferentially spaced accommodating spaces between adjacent support ends for arranging the power core 1, control core 2, and / or cooling pipeline 3. Each support end is used to install and limit the corresponding detection line sensing unit 5, and the central area of ​​the central support is used to install and limit the fiber optic unit 6. Thus, the integrated arrangement of the power core 1, control core 2, cooling pipeline 3, detection line sensing unit 5, and fiber optic unit 6 is achieved without significantly increasing the cable cross-sectional size.

[0029] Optionally, the number of support ends of the central support can be set as needed, and there can be multiple support ends, with at least three support ends. The cross-sectional structure of each support end can be in the shape of an arc surface, a concave surface, etc.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the central support has three supporting ends, forming a congruent triangular support, such as...Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the three support ends are arranged at equal angles along the circumference of the central body, and the included angle between two adjacent support ends is 120°. In this embodiment, at the center position of the power core 1 and the control core 2 of the cable, three sets of detection line sensing units 5 are evenly distributed by a triangular bracket 4, and an optical fiber unit 6 is built into the center of the triangular bracket 4.

[0031] Specifically, the cross-section of the central support is generally three-arm shaped, Y-shaped, trefoil shaped, or has three outwardly protruding end structures. After the central support is rotated 120° or 240° around the cable axis, its cross-sectional profile coincides with the cross-sectional profile before rotation.

[0032] In some embodiments, the mounting grooves extending along the cable axis at the end of the central bracket include a probe mounting groove 31 and a cooling pipe mounting groove 34. The two mounting grooves are arranged in parallel and spaced apart by a set interval. The probe mounting groove 31 is used to mount the probe sensing unit 5, and the cooling pipe mounting groove 34 is used to engage and mount the cooling pipe 3 for effective heat dissipation of the probe sensing unit 5. Each of the three support ends is provided with a probe wire mounting groove 31 for a probe wire sensing unit 5, and the three probe wire sensing units 5 are respectively embedded in the probe wire mounting grooves 31. The three probe wire sensing units 5 are thus distributed circumferentially around the cable axis at 120°.

[0033] In one possible implementation, a first mounting slot 36 can be provided on one side of the probe mounting groove 31 for setting the probe sensing unit 5. The first mounting slot 36 gradually narrows from the outside to the inside, forming a tapered inlet channel. The two side walls of the first mounting slot 36 can be oppositely arranged arc-shaped walls or inclined walls, and the mounting slot and the inner wall of the mounting groove transition smoothly.

[0034] Specifically, a first mounting slot 36 can be provided on one side of the detection line mounting slot 31 to realize the installation and positioning of the detection line sensing unit 5.

[0035] Furthermore, the minimum opening width of the first mounting slot 36 near the inner side of the mounting slot is smaller than the outer diameter of the detection line sensing unit 5, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the mounting slot are adapted to the external dimensions of the detection line sensing unit 5. This facilitates the radial insertion of the detection line sensing unit 5 from the central support and reduces the possibility of the detection line sensing unit 5 detaching from the mounting slot during cable twisting, dragging, bending, or torsion, thereby improving the installation stability of the detection line sensing unit 5.

[0036] A fiber optic mounting slot 33 is provided at the center of the triangular bracket, and a second mounting slot 35 is provided on one side of the fiber optic mounting slot 33 to facilitate the installation of the fiber optic unit 6. The second mounting slot 35 and the first mounting slot 36 can adopt the same structure, gradually narrowing from the outside to the inside of the fiber optic mounting slot 33 to form a tapered inlet channel. The two side walls of the second mounting slot 35 can be oppositely arranged arc-shaped walls or inclined walls, and the second mounting slot and the inner wall of the fiber optic mounting slot 33 are smoothly transitioned.

[0037] Optionally, the outer periphery of the central support forms an arc-shaped transition surface 32 in the area between adjacent support ends; Optionally, the central support can be made of a composite material that combines electrical insulation, thermal conductivity, elasticity, flexibility, and fatigue resistance, such as a boron nitride-containing insulating and thermally conductive composite material, or a composite material formed by doping MXene with an insulating and elastic polymer as the matrix; wherein, the insulating and elastic polymer can be silicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, or a combination thereof. By using the above materials, the central support can form electrical isolation between the power core 1 and the detection line sensing unit 5 and the optical fiber unit 6, reducing the impact of electromagnetic interference generated by the operating current of the power core 1 on the sensing signal; at the same time, the central support can conduct the heat inside the cable core to the cooling pipe 3 and the sheath, and generate elastic deformation during cable bending, twisting, dragging, and compression, buffering the local stress on each core and sensing unit, reducing cracking of the central support and pressure damage to the detection line sensing unit 5 and the optical fiber unit 6, thereby improving the structural stability of the cable core and the reliability of sensing detection.

[0038] In some embodiments, the optical fiber unit 6 is a distributed temperature-sensing optical fiber that extends continuously along the cable axis. It is disposed in the optical fiber mounting slot of the central support and connected to the distributed optical fiber demodulation device. The distributed optical fiber demodulation device obtains the temperature at different locations along the cable based on the backscattered signal in the optical fiber, forming the cable's "axial position-temperature" distribution data.

[0039] In another alternative embodiment, the optical fiber unit 6 may be a fiber grating, a Brillouin scattering type distributed optical fiber, or a Rayleigh scattering type distributed optical fiber; In some embodiments, the detection line sensing unit 5 is used to detect local strain, vibration, and deformation caused by dragging, squeezing, bending, and torsion of the cable, and to determine the abnormal location based on the time-domain reflection signal. The detection line sensing unit 5 includes a time-domain reflectometry device and a detection line. The time-domain reflectometry device is used to input electrical pulses to the detection line. The detection line includes at least two spaced conductors and an elastic dielectric layer located between the conductors and covering them. The conductors and the elastic dielectric layer together form a transmission structure with a set characteristic impedance. When the detection line sensing unit 5 is dragged, squeezed, bent, or twisted along with the cable, its local conductor spacing, cross-sectional shape, dielectric thickness, or dielectric properties change, thereby causing a change in the characteristic impedance at the corresponding location. The time-domain reflectometry signal detection device inputs electrical pulses to the detection line sensing unit 5 and receives reflected signals. It determines the abnormal location based on the return time of the reflected signals and determines the local strain, deformation degree, and vibration state based on the amplitude, phase, and time-varying changes of the reflected signals.

[0040] Specifically, the spaced conductors and the elastic dielectric layer located between and covering the conductors together constitute a flexible distributed parameter transmission line. The transmission line has resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance per unit length along its length. Its characteristic impedance is determined by the spacing, cross-sectional dimensions, and relative positions of the conductors, as well as the thickness and dielectric constant of the elastic dielectric layer. The detection line sensing unit 5 constitutes the distributed parameter transmission line, and its characteristic impedance is: ; in, , , and Let these be the resistance per unit length, inductance per unit length, dielectric conductance per unit length, and capacitance per unit length, respectively. Under low-loss conditions where the resistance per unit length and dielectric loss are negligible compared to inductive reactance and capacitance effects, the characteristic impedance is approximately: ; After a transmission line is formed by a conductor and an elastic dielectric layer, the geometric relationship between the conductors and the properties of the dielectric determine the transmission line. and .

[0041] When the probe is stretched, squeezed, bent or twisted, the spacing between the conductors may change, the effective relative area of ​​the conductors may change, the thickness of the elastic dielectric layer may change, the cross-section of the conductors may change, the effective dielectric constant of the elastic dielectric layer may change, and the local resistance per unit length and dielectric loss may change.

[0042] In operation, the time-domain reflectometry signal detection device inputs an electrical pulse to the detection line sensing unit 5. The electrical pulse propagates along the detection line sensing unit 5 in the form of voltage and current traveling waves. When the electrical pulse propagates to the location of characteristic impedance discontinuity caused by local deformation, in order to satisfy the boundary continuity conditions of voltage and current on both sides of that location, part of the incident wave continues forward to form a transmitted wave, while the other part propagates in the opposite direction along the detection line to form a reflected wave, which is the reflected voltage wave. With incident voltage wave The ratio satisfies: ; in, The characteristic impedance of the transmission line ahead of the deformation position. The characteristic impedance of the transmission line at or behind the deformation location; the time-domain reflection signal detection device determines the local deformation location based on the return time of the reflected signal, and determines the degree of impedance change, the degree of local deformation, and the vibration state based on the amplitude, polarity, phase, and time-varying characteristics of the reflected signal.

[0043] Furthermore, multiple detection line sensing units 5 are arranged at intervals around the cable axis, and the local strain, vibration, and deformation caused by dragging, squeezing, bending, and torsion of the cable are identified based on the response differences of each detection line sensing unit 5 at the same axial position. Specifically, when the response parameters of multiple detection line sensing units 5 change basically synchronously within the same time period, and the difference between each response parameter is less than a preset synchronous difference threshold, it is determined that the cable at that axial position has undergone axial tension; when the response change of the detection line sensing unit 5 closer to the direction of external force is greater than the response change of other detection line sensing units 5, and the difference in response change exceeds a preset compression judgment threshold, it is determined that the cable at that axial position has undergone unilateral compression; when the detection line sensing unit 5 located on the outside of the cable bend and the detection line sensing unit 5 located on the inside of the cable bend produce response changes in opposite directions or with different amplitudes, it is determined that the cable at that axial position has undergone bending; when the response changes of multiple detection line sensing units 5 appear sequentially according to their circumferential arrangement around the cable axis, or when multiple detection line sensing units 5 form a phase difference with circumferential sequence, it is determined that the cable at that axial position has undergone torsion; when the reflected signal of at least one detection line sensing unit 5 changes periodically or fluctuates at high frequency over time, and the corresponding frequency or vibration energy exceeds a preset vibration threshold, it is determined that there is vibration at that axial position.

[0044] In some embodiments, the power core 1 includes, from the inside out, a power core conductor 11, a power core insulation layer 12, and a braided shielding layer 13; The power conductor 11 can be made of tin-plated soft copper. Multiple tin-plated soft copper monofilaments are twisted together to form a flexible conductive structure to adapt to the frequent bending and dragging conditions of the cable during the operation of coal mining equipment. The three power conductors 1 are identified by red, white and blue respectively, and are arranged in a predetermined order. The power core insulation layer 12 is extruded around the outer periphery of the power core conductor 11. The power core insulation layer 12 is made of XJ-30A2 ethylene propylene insulation material and is used to achieve electrical insulation between the power core conductor 11 and other internal components of the cable. A braided shielding layer 13 is disposed on the outer periphery of the power core insulation layer 12. The braided shielding layer 13 is formed by braiding tin-plated copper wire and is used to homogenize the electric field around the power core 1 and reduce electromagnetic interference generated during power transmission. In some embodiments, the control core 2 includes at least two sets of control insulated cores 10 twisted together, each control insulated core 10 being composed of a control core conductor 21 and a rubber insulation layer 22 extruded around the outer periphery of the control core conductor 21; The control conductor 21 is made of tin-plated soft copper to improve the flexibility and bending resistance of the control conductor 2. The elongation at break of the conductor 21 is not less than 20% before and after cabling. The rubber insulation layer 22 is made of XJ-30A2 ethylene propylene insulation material and is used for electrical isolation between adjacent control conductors 21. At least two sets of control insulated conductors 10 are twisted together to form a control conductor bundle. The control conductor bundle is covered with a rubber sheath layer 24 and a braided shielding layer 23. The braided shielding layer 23 is made of tin-plated copper wire and is used to shield the electromagnetic interference generated by the power conductor 1, reducing the distortion and crosstalk of the control signal during transmission. The control conductors 2 are arranged clockwise along the cross-section of the cable to facilitate production assembly, conductor identification, and subsequent wiring.

[0045] In some embodiments, the cooling conduit 3 extends along the cable axis and is arranged adjacent to the power core 1 and the control core 2, respectively. The cooling conduit 3 may be made of silicone material with high thermal conductivity, high elasticity, flexibility, and toughness, and its interior forms cooling channels for the flow of cooling insulating oil. The cooling conduit 3 is connected to an external cooling circulation system, which includes an oil pump and corresponding oil supply and return lines; used for temperature control of the power core 1 and the control core 2.

[0046] Optionally, the sheath structure covering the cable core includes an inner sheath layer 7, a reinforcing layer 8, and an outer sheath layer 9 arranged sequentially. The inner sheath layer 7 is a rubber inner sheath layer that covers the outer periphery of the cable core. It is used to provide overall constraint and insulation protection for the power core 1, control core 2, cooling pipeline 3, detection sensing unit 5, and optical fiber unit 6 inside the cable core. The inner sheath layer 7 can fill the local gaps on the outer periphery of the cable core, so that the cable core forms a relatively stable overall structure and reduces the relative displacement and friction between the internal components during cable bending, twisting, or dragging. A reinforcing layer 8 is disposed on the outer periphery of the inner sheath layer 7. The reinforcing layer 8 is a braided aramid reinforcing layer. The reinforcing layer 8 is formed by braiding aramid fibers to create a reinforcing structure surrounding the inner sheath layer 7, which is used to improve the cable's tensile strength, torsional resistance, and resistance to repeated bending. Optionally, the reinforcing layer 8 is formed by weaving a mixture of tin-plated copper wire and aramid fiber, wherein the number of weaving spindles of the tin-plated copper wire and the aramid fiber are the same and the weaving direction is opposite. The outer sheath layer 9 is a rubber outer sheath layer that covers the outer periphery of the reinforcing layer 8 and is used to form the external protective surface of the cable. In the above embodiment, the inner sheath layer 7 provides overall coverage and cushioning for the cable core, the reinforcing layer 8 bears the main axial tensile force and torsional load, and the outer sheath layer 9 provides external sealing and wear-resistant protection for the reinforcing layer 8 and the cable core. The three layers work together to reduce the occurrence of sheath cracking, core displacement, or damage to internal components in mining cables under frequent bending, dragging, and pressure conditions, and to improve the structural stability and service life of the cable.

[0047] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a monitoring method for a smart mining cable that integrates a detection line sensor to collect data, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Acquire the detection line sensing signals and fiber optic sensing signals of the intelligent mining cable based on the detection line sensing unit 5 and the fiber optic unit 6, and extract the temperature data, deformation data, and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section; wherein, the intelligent mining cable includes multiple continuous monitoring sections, and the monitoring sections are distributed along the axial direction of the intelligent mining cable. Step 2: Acquire cable operating current, insulation status and environmental data, and synchronize the acquired data with the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section in time and space to form multi-source operating status data of each monitoring section; Step 3: Calculate thermal aging damage based on the temperature, temperature duration, and temperature change rate of each monitoring section; calculate mechanical fatigue damage based on the deformation and vibration data of each monitoring section; calculate overload damage based on the relationship between cable operating current and rated current carrying capacity and overload duration; and calculate moisture insulation damage based on insulation impedance, insulation impedance change rate, moisture environment parameters, and moisture duration. Step 4: Accumulate the thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture insulation damage of each monitoring section, and determine the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section according to the preset damage weight and damage coupling correction parameters. Step 5: Determine the local health of each monitoring section based on the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section and the rate of increase of comprehensive cumulative damage over time, and determine the remaining service life of each monitoring section based on the estimated time required for the comprehensive cumulative damage to reach the preset end-of-life conditions. The monitoring method in this embodiment, by spatiotemporally mapping the temperature, deformation, vibration, current, insulation status, and environmental data of each monitoring section, and calculating thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture-induced insulation damage respectively, can uniformly convert the degree of deterioration caused by different operating factors into cumulative and comparable damage indicators. Furthermore, by combining damage weights, coupling correction parameters, and damage growth rates, the comprehensive cumulative damage, local health, and remaining service life of each monitoring section can be determined. This avoids the bias caused by judging cable status solely based on a single parameter, fixed threshold, or service life, promptly identifies high-risk local sections, and provides quantitative basis for continued operation, condition adjustment, partial repair, or overall replacement, improving the accuracy of mining cable life assessment and maintenance decisions.

[0048] In step 1, a position coordinate system is established along the cable axis, with the fixed connection end or power supply end of the cable as the origin and the cable extension direction as the positive direction of the axial coordinate system. Let the effective monitoring length of the cable be L. The cable is divided into N continuous monitoring segments according to the preset segment length ΔL. The axial range corresponding to the j-th monitoring segment is: ; The segment length ΔL is determined based on the spatial resolution of the probe line sensing unit 5 and the fiber optic unit 6. To ensure that the two types of sensor data can correspond to the same monitoring segment, the segment length can be no less than the larger spatial resolution of the two types of sensor links, or an integer multiple of that spatial resolution. In one feasible implementation, when both the probe line sensing unit 5 and the fiber optic unit 6 can achieve 0.5m-level spatial positioning, ΔL can be set to 0.5m.

[0049] The deformation data for each monitoring section includes the deformation location, deformation amplitude, and deformation state; In some embodiments, the method for determining the deformation location is as follows: based on the three sets of detection line sensing units 5, the detection line sensing signals (i.e., reflected signals) corresponding to each monitoring section are acquired, and the axial position of the deformation section is determined according to the propagation delay between the transmitted signal and the abnormal reflected signal. , as the deformation location; ; in, To detect the propagation speed of the signal in the i-th group of detection line sensing units 5, This is the propagation delay between the transmitted signal and the abnormal reflected signal.

[0050] In some embodiments, the method for determining the deformation amplitude is as follows: after determining the axial position of the deformation section, the real-time abnormal reflection signal amplitudes of the three sets of detection line sensing units 5 at the deformation section are obtained respectively. And the amplitude of the reference reflected signal at the corresponding position when the cable is not deformed. Calculate the normalized amplitude change of the i-th group of detection line sensing unit 5: ; in, This represents the normalized amplitude change of the i-th group of detection line sensing units 5. The amplitude of the abnormal reflection signal under deformation state. This represents the amplitude of the reference reflected signal at the corresponding location under undeformed conditions.

[0051] By applying different known deformations to the cable beforehand, a calibration relationship between the normalized amplitude change and the deformation amplitude is established. Based on this calibration relationship, the normalized amplitude change is converted into the corresponding deformation amplitude. ; in, The deformation amplitude is detected by the i-th group of detection line sensing unit 5. This is a mapping function between the pre-calibrated amplitude change and the deformation amplitude.

[0052] In some embodiments, the method for identifying the deformation state is as follows: after determining the deformation section, extract the amplitude change, phase change, and signal start time of the reflected signal from the three sets of detection line sensing units 5 at the deformation section, and compare the three sets of signals to determine the deformation state. When the amplitude changes of the three sets of detection line sensing units 5 are in the same direction, the amount of change is close, and the signals change basically synchronously, it is determined that the cable has undergone axial deformation; based on the pre-calibrated phase change direction or propagation delay increase / decrease relationship, axial tension and axial compression are further distinguished. When the amplitude change of one group of detection line sensing units 5 is significantly greater than that of the other two groups, it is determined that the cable is subjected to unilateral compression, and the circumferential position of the detection line sensing unit 5 with the largest amplitude change is determined as the main pressure side. When at least one of the three sets of detection line sensing units 5 exhibits a pressure response, and the other one or two sets exhibit a tension response, and the changes in the three sets of signals form a continuous difference along the circumference of the cable, it is determined that the cable has undergone bending deformation; the side with the largest pressure response is determined as the inner side of the bend, and its opposite side is determined as the outer side of the bend. When the signals of the three sets of detection line sensing units 5 change phase or reach peak values ​​in sequence according to their circumferential arrangement on the triangular bracket 4, it is determined that the cable has undergone torsional deformation; the torsion direction is determined according to the order in which the three sets of signals change. When two or more of the above characteristics are met simultaneously, the cable is determined to have undergone composite deformation, and the corresponding deformation states are output respectively. The amplitude difference threshold, phase difference threshold, and synchronization time threshold of each deformation state are determined through pre-conducted tensile, compression, bending, extrusion, and forward and reverse torsion calibration tests.

[0053] In step 1, the temperature and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section are extracted through the fiber optic unit; In step 2, multi-source data synchronization, spatial registration and preprocessing are performed to acquire cable operating current, insulation status and environmental data. The acquired data are then synchronized in time and spatially matched with the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section to form multi-source operating status data of each monitoring section. A unified timestamp is added to the detection line sensor data, fiber optic sensor data, electrical operation data, insulation status data, and environmental data, and the data is resampled to a unified time series according to a set sampling period. For data with different sampling frequencies, time alignment can be performed by interpolation, window averaging, or matching the most recent time point.

[0054] When insulation status data can be located through abnormal reflection of probe lines or distributed impedance detection, the insulation status data is directly mapped to the corresponding monitoring section. When only the overall insulation impedance of the entire cable can be obtained, the section allocation weight can be established based on the degree of abnormality of probe lines in each section, local environmental humidity, and local temperature, and the overall insulation abnormality amount can be allocated to different monitoring sections.

[0055] Furthermore, after completing time synchronization and spatial registration, various raw signals are preprocessed: Step 21: Perform wavelet decomposition on the continuous signals in the multi-source operating status data to extract the effective signals; Specifically, the continuous signal is segmented according to a set time window, and each time window contains a set number of sampling points.

[0056] Using the db4 wavelet basis for 5-level wavelet decomposition, with a time window set to 2 seconds, the original signal can be represented as: ; For temperature, current, or strain signals that need to retain both slow-changing trends and mid-frequency operating characteristics, approximate components and mid-frequency detail components can be selected for reconstruction to obtain the filtered effective characteristics. ; For vibration and shock signals, low-frequency components reflecting baseline drift and components corresponding to high-frequency random noise can be removed, while mid-frequency components corresponding to coal mining machine vibration, cable bending impact, and dragging impact can be retained.

[0057] Step 22: Identify outliers in the wavelet-processed data; For baseline calibration data, the 3σ criterion can be used to remove outliers: ; In the formula, For sampled values, The sample mean. This represents the sample standard deviation.

[0058] To prevent genuine impact fault signals from being misjudged as abnormal noise, when an abnormal point simultaneously shows corresponding changes in adjacent monitoring sections, three sets of detection line sensor units 5, or equipment operating current, the abnormal point should be retained and marked as a valid impact event; only isolated abnormal points lacking spatial continuity and multi-source correspondence should be removed as interference data. In step 3, thermal aging damage is calculated based on the temperature, temperature duration, and temperature change rate of each monitoring section. In some embodiments, the thermal aging damage of each monitoring section is determined using an equivalent aging time accumulation method based on the Arrhenius temperature acceleration relationship. This method uses the reference lifetime of the insulation material at a reference temperature as a benchmark, converts the actual operating time of each monitoring section at different temperatures into an equivalent aging time at the reference temperature, and then calculates the thermal aging damage based on the accumulated equivalent aging time.

[0059] Specifically, the average temperature within each time period is used as the calculated temperature for that period. Based on the pre-calibrated thermal aging activation energy, reference temperature, and reference life of the insulation material, the actual operating time of that time period is converted into the equivalent aging time at the reference temperature according to the Arrhenius temperature acceleration relationship. The higher the temperature and the longer the duration, the greater the corresponding equivalent aging time. The thermal aging damage in the j-th monitoring section can be represented as: ; in, For the thermal aging damage of the j-th monitoring section, This refers to the thermal aging acceleration factor determined based on the actual temperature and reference temperature during the q-th time period. The duration of the actual temperature. This is the reference lifespan of the insulating material at a reference temperature, i.e., the service life.

[0060] The thermal aging acceleration factor is determined according to the Arrhenius temperature acceleration relationship; when the monitored temperature is higher than the reference temperature, the thermal aging acceleration factor is greater than 1, indicating that the aging rate of the insulation material is accelerated; when the monitored temperature is lower than the reference temperature, the thermal aging acceleration factor is less than 1. The calculation formula is: ; in, The thermal aging acceleration factor for the j-th monitoring segment during the q-th time period; The thermal aging activation energy of cable insulation material is expressed in J / mol. R is the gas constant; The absolute temperature corresponding to the reference temperature, in K; Let be the average absolute temperature of the j-th monitoring segment during the q-th time period, in K.

[0061] In step 3, mechanical fatigue damage is calculated based on the deformation and vibration data of each monitoring section; In some embodiments, the mechanical fatigue damage of each monitoring section is calculated based on the cumulative effect of deformation cycles and vibration cycles.

[0062] Specifically, for the j-th monitoring section, the slow bending, torsion, tension, or compression components in the deformation data are extracted into a deformation strain sequence; the vibration data is converted into a dynamic strain sequence; when the vibration data is vibration acceleration, the vibration acceleration is converted into dynamic strain according to the "vibration acceleration-dynamic strain" calibration relationship established in advance through cable vibration test. Cycle counting was performed on the deformation strain sequence and the dynamic strain sequence to obtain the actual number of deformation cycles and the number of vibration cycles under different strain amplitudes; Based on the strain amplitude-permissible cycle number relationship established in advance through bending, torsion and vibration fatigue tests of the cable, determine the permissible cycle number corresponding to the cable reaching the fatigue termination condition under each strain amplitude; Mechanical fatigue damage in each monitoring section The damage was calculated using the Miner linear cumulative damage method. ; in: For the mechanical fatigue damage in the j-th monitoring section; This represents the actual number of deformation cycles that occurred at the k-th deformation amplitude level. This represents the allowed number of deformation cycles at the k-th deformation amplitude level. The actual number of vibration cycles occurring at the r-th vibration amplitude level; This represents the number of vibration cycles allowed at the r-th vibration amplitude level.

[0063] In step 3, the overload damage is calculated based on the relationship between the cable operating current and the rated current carrying capacity, as well as the overload duration. In some embodiments, overload damage is calculated based on the relationship that conductor Joule heating is proportional to the square of the current.

[0064] Specifically, the actual operating current of the cable is compared with the rated current carrying capacity; when the actual operating current does not exceed the rated current carrying capacity, no overload damage is accumulated; when the actual operating current exceeds the rated current carrying capacity, the overload is calculated based on the square of the excess current and its duration.

[0065] The overload damage of the j-th monitoring section can be expressed as: ; in, For the overload damage of the j-th monitoring section, I q Let I be the actual operating current during the q-th time period. N This refers to the cable's rated current carrying capacity. For overload duration, The permissible cumulative excess I, determined in advance through cable overload tests or design parameters. 2 t-value.

[0066] The greater the actual operating current and the longer the duration of exceeding the rated current carrying capacity, the greater the cumulative overload damage. When the overload damage reaches the preset limit, it indicates that the cumulative overload level of the monitored section has reached the corresponding operating limit condition.

[0067] In step 3, insulation damage due to moisture is calculated based on insulation impedance, insulation impedance change rate, moisture environment parameters, and duration of moisture exposure. In some embodiments, the measured insulation impedance of each monitoring section is first corrected to a reference temperature, or compared with the healthy insulation impedance under the same temperature conditions, to avoid misjudging temperature-induced changes in insulation impedance as moisture damage. Moisture entering cable insulation affects insulation resistance and leakage characteristics, and both humidity and temperature affect insulation performance. For the j-th monitoring section, the insulation damage due to moisture can be calculated using the following formula: ; in, The formula for calculating the decrease in insulation resistance relative to a healthy baseline is as follows: ; The rate of decrease in insulation resistance is expressed by the following formula: ; The degree of moisture absorption is indicated by the following formula: ; In the formula, To measure the insulation impedance, This is the reference value for insulation resistance under healthy conditions. For ambient humidity, To determine the humidity threshold for moisture absorption, The duration of the damp state, For rate normalization time, w1, w2, and w3 are preset weights. This refers to the allowable cumulative moisture exposure time calibrated through the cable moisture aging test.

[0068] The greater the decrease in insulation resistance, the faster the decrease, the higher the ambient humidity, and the longer the duration, the greater the cumulative insulation damage caused by moisture.

[0069] In step 4, the thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture-induced insulation damage of each monitoring section are accumulated, and the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section is determined according to the preset damage weights and damage coupling correction parameters. Specifically, for the j-th monitoring section, after the end of each calculation cycle, the increments of thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture-induced insulation damage obtained in this calculation cycle are added to the corresponding cumulative damage values ​​of the previous calculation cycle to obtain the cumulative damage for each type. The accumulation formula is as follows: ; in, For the j-th monitoring segment, the cumulative damage of type k at the current time is... The damage increment generated in the current calculation cycle is represented by k, which represents thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture-induced insulation damage, respectively.

[0070] Since different types of damage have different dimensions and value ranges, the cumulative damage for each type is compared with the corresponding end-of-life damage value to obtain normalized damage. : ; Furthermore, based on the degree of impact of various types of damage on cable life, damage weights are assigned to thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture-induced insulation damage, respectively. Damage coupling correction parameters are also set based on the mutual promoting effect when different types of damage coexist. The comprehensive cumulative damage of the j-th monitoring segment can be expressed as: ; in, The total cumulative damage for the j-th monitoring segment is... Let be the damage weight corresponding to the k-th type of damage, and satisfy: ; in, This refers to the coupling correction parameter between type p and type q damage. The coupling correction parameter reflects the additional degradation resulting from the combined effect of multiple damages. For example, the simultaneous presence of overload and high temperature accelerates the thermal aging of insulation materials; the simultaneous presence of mechanical deformation and moisture accelerates moisture penetration due to sheath cracks or insulation interface damage; and the simultaneous presence of high temperature and moisture accelerates the decline in insulation performance. The weights of each damage and the damage coupling correction parameter can be calibrated based on cable type, insulation material, fatigue test, overload test, moisture test, and historical operating data. To avoid the temperature rise caused by overload being repeatedly calculated in thermal aging damage and overload damage, overload damage mainly characterizes the additional electrical stress caused by excess current and inrush current. The combined effect between overload damage and thermal aging damage is corrected by the corresponding coupling correction parameter.

[0071] Through the above processing, the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section is obtained, and a comprehensive damage result distributed along the cable axis is formed for subsequent calculation of local health and remaining service life.

[0072] For the j-th monitoring segment, the comprehensive cumulative damage within the current time and the previous set time window is obtained. The comprehensive cumulative damage is a normalized value, ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates no damage has occurred and 1 indicates that the preset lifespan termination condition has been met.

[0073] Step 5, the process of determining local health status includes: Step 51: For the j-th monitoring segment, obtain the total cumulative damage at the current time and within the previous set time window; Specifically, the total cumulative damage is a normalized value, ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates no damage has occurred and 1 indicates that the preset lifespan termination condition has been met.

[0074] Step 52: Calculate the damage growth rate based on the change in the total cumulative damage within the set time window. : ; in, Let the cumulative damage growth rate of the j-th monitoring segment be denoted as . For the current moment, This sets the start time of the time window.

[0075] Step 53: Measure the damage growth rate Compared with the preset growth rate By comparing with the baseline value, the growth rate correction amount is obtained, and the effective damage after correction is determined. ; in, For the effective damage of the j-th monitoring segment, To preset a limit on the rate of damage growth, This is a growth trend correction coefficient; under the same overall cumulative damage, the faster the damage growth rate, the greater the corresponding effective damage.

[0076] The local health of the j-th monitoring segment is determined based on the effective damage: ; in, The local health score ranges from 0 to 100. A higher local health score indicates a better condition for the corresponding monitoring segment, while a lower local health score indicates that the corresponding monitoring segment is closer to the end of its lifespan.

[0077] Furthermore, based on the remaining amount between the current total cumulative damage and the end-of-life value of the j-th monitoring segment, and the rate of increase of the total cumulative damage, the remaining service life of the monitoring segment is calculated: ; in, Let j be the remaining service life of the monitoring section. To preset the end-of-life damage value, when the overall cumulative damage is normalized to 0-1, Take 1; This is based on the predicted rate of damage growth determined from multiple recent time windows.

[0078] To avoid the impact of a single abnormal fluctuation on the prediction results, the predicted damage growth rate can be the larger of the recent damage growth rate and the long-term average damage growth rate. If the overall cumulative damage growth rate is less than the preset minimum predicted rate, the remaining service life is marked as greater than the preset maximum predicted period, and will continue to be updated with monitoring data.

[0079] As new monitoring data is generated, the comprehensive cumulative damage, damage growth rate, local health status, and remaining service life of each monitoring section are periodically updated. The remaining service life of the entire cable can be taken as the minimum value among the remaining service lives of all monitoring sections, with the monitoring section that first reaches the end-of-life condition being used as the basis for judging the overall service life of the cable.

[0080] Further technical solutions compare local health status, remaining service life, comprehensive cumulative damage growth rate, and real-time monitoring parameters with preset decision conditions. When the mining smart cable is in a normal health state, it outputs a decision to continue operation. When the comprehensive cumulative damage growth rate of at least one monitoring section exceeds a preset growth threshold, it outputs a working condition adjustment decision. Operating condition adjustment decisions, specifically: when the local health or remaining service life of a local monitoring section reaches the preset maintenance conditions, output a local maintenance decision including the location of the abnormal section and the main damage type; when the local health or overall remaining service life of multiple monitoring sections reaches the preset replacement conditions, output an overall replacement decision. A specific control execution method is used to perform coordinated control based on the working condition adjustment decision and the main damage types of each monitoring section. Specifically, when thermal aging damage exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the cable cooling device is activated; when overload damage exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the underground equipment connected to the mining smart cable is controlled to operate at reduced load; when mechanical fatigue damage exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the cable winding mechanism is controlled to adjust the cable allowance or tension; and when the temperature, operating current, deformation, or insulation status reaches the corresponding fault protection conditions, the power supply protection device is controlled to perform power-off interlocking. The collected data is uploaded to an intelligent analysis platform, where algorithm fusion and digital twin models enable predictive maintenance of equipment health, monitoring of power cable status, early warning of mechanical and cable disasters, and collaborative intelligent control of the production system. This invention integrates energy transmission, information transmission, and panoramic perception into one, and through optimized mechanical protection design, ensures long-term reliable operation of cables in the harsh environment of mines, fundamentally improving the level of mine safety production and intelligent management.

[0081] A further technical solution involves establishing a digital twin model corresponding to the physical cable based on its actual length, model parameters, laying path, bending positions, and axial coordinates of each monitoring section. The digital twin model sets up multiple virtual monitoring sections using the same segmentation method as the physical cable. Each virtual monitoring section has a unique segment identifier and corresponds to the positional coordinates of the corresponding monitoring section in the physical cable.

[0082] The temperature, deformation, vibration, operating current, insulation status, thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, moisture-induced insulation damage, comprehensive cumulative damage, local health, and remaining service life of each monitoring section are mapped to the corresponding virtual monitoring sections according to the section identifier, thereby forming a digital mapping of the entire cable's operating status.

[0083] In some embodiments, the digital twin model uses different colors to display the status of each monitoring section. For example, light and dark colors represent temperature, vibration intensity, or cumulative damage, while different colors represent healthy, alert, warning, and dangerous states. For monitoring sections that have experienced bending, torsion, or compression, the corresponding deformation location and direction are displayed in the virtual cable model based on the identified deformation location, deformation amplitude, deformation state, and deformation direction. This allows for the intuitive identification of sections of the cable exhibiting localized overheating, mechanical deformation, strong vibration, insulation degradation, or insufficient lifespan.

[0084] When no sampling points are directly set between adjacent monitoring sections, spatial interpolation can be performed based on the state data of adjacent monitoring sections to form a temperature field, deformation field, and vibration field continuously distributed along the cable axis. Optionally, the Kriging spatial interpolation method can be used to estimate the state parameters between adjacent sections based on the axial position and monitoring values ​​of each monitoring section, so as to form a continuous state distribution along the entire cable.

[0085] In some embodiments, the digital twin model simulates and extrapolates the future state of the cable based on current monitoring data, historical operating data, damage growth rate, and the operating plan of the connected equipment. Short-term simulations are used to predict the risks of localized temperature rise, overload, bending, compression, and torsion that may occur within a set future timeframe; medium- to long-term simulations are used to predict the changes in the overall cumulative damage, local health, and remaining service life of each monitored section over the next few days to tens of days.

[0086] Specifically, using the current cumulative damage of each monitoring section as the initial state, and using the recent damage growth rate, expected operating current, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and operating conditions of connected equipment as extrapolation conditions, the projected cumulative damage of each monitoring section over the future is calculated. When it is predicted that a certain monitoring section will reach the maintenance threshold or end-of-life condition within a set period, the location of the corresponding section, the main damage type, and the expected time to reach the threshold are output in advance.

[0087] Furthermore, the digital twin model can simulate and compare various control schemes. These schemes include adjusting the flow rate or start-up sequence of cooling pipelines, reducing the operating load of connected equipment, adjusting the traction speed of the coal mining machine, adjusting the cable winding and unwinding amount and tension, starting the dehumidification device, and changing the equipment start-up and shutdown sequence.

[0088] For each control scheme, the digital twin model predicts the temperature, deformation, operating current, insulation status, and damage growth rate after control, and compares the impact of different control schemes on local health and remaining service life. Under the condition of meeting the normal production requirements and safety constraints of downhole equipment, the control scheme that can reduce the maximum damage growth rate, increase the minimum remaining service life, or reduce energy consumption is selected, and the corresponding control parameters are sent to the field execution equipment.

[0089] For example, when the temperature and the rate of increase of thermal aging damage in a certain monitoring section increase simultaneously, the digital twin model simulates three schemes: increasing cooling flow, reducing equipment load, and simultaneously implementing cooling and load reduction. It predicts the temperature and rate of increase of thermal aging damage in the section after each scheme is implemented, and selects the scheme that can restore the temperature to the preset range and has a smaller impact on production.

[0090] When the rate of increase in mechanical fatigue damage in a certain monitoring section increases, the digital twin model simulates the cable deformation state after adjusting the cable reel winding and unwinding amount, reducing the coal mining machine traction speed, and adjusting the position of the cable moving arm, and selects the control scheme that can reduce the bending amplitude, torsional amplitude, or axial tension.

[0091] After the control command is executed, the operating current, temperature, deformation, vibration, and insulation status of the physical cable are reacquired, and the actual monitoring results are compared with the prediction results of the digital twin model. When the deviation between the actual results and the prediction results is less than the preset deviation threshold, the current model parameters are maintained; when the deviation exceeds the preset deviation threshold, the damage weight, damage coupling correction parameters, early warning threshold, damage growth rate prediction parameters, and control parameters are adjusted according to the deviation.

[0092] For example, when the actual temperature drop is less than the predicted temperature drop, the heat dissipation parameters or cooling control parameters of the corresponding monitoring section can be corrected; when the actual mechanical fatigue damage growth rate is higher than the predicted value, the weight of mechanical fatigue damage can be increased or the calibration relationship between deformation cycles and the number of allowable cycles can be corrected; when the actual insulation impedance decrease rate is higher than the predicted value, the moisture-induced insulation damage parameters and the moisture warning threshold can be corrected.

[0093] By continuously performing entity data acquisition, digital state mapping, trend simulation, scheme comparison, control command issuance, and actual result feedback, a closed-loop update of the digital twin model is formed, enabling cable life prediction and control strategies to gradually adapt to different cable models, different laying methods, different mining environments, and different operating conditions of mining equipment.

[0094] In some embodiments, the digital twin model also records the historical temperature, deformation, vibration, insulation status, cumulative damage, health, remaining service life, early warning information, control instructions and maintenance results of each monitoring section, forming a digital archive of the entire life cycle of a single cable, which is used for subsequent life model correction, fault cause tracing and maintenance replacement decisions.

[0095] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a monitoring system for intelligent cables in mines, including: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the detection line sensing signals and fiber optic sensing signals of the intelligent mining cable based on the detection line sensing unit and the fiber optic unit, and extract the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section; wherein, the intelligent mining cable includes multiple continuous monitoring sections, and the monitoring sections are distributed along the axial direction of the intelligent mining cable; The time synchronization and spatial correspondence module is configured to acquire cable operating current, insulation status and environmental data, and synchronize and spatially correspond the acquired data with the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section to form multi-source operating status data of each monitoring section. The damage calculation module is configured to calculate thermal aging damage based on the temperature, temperature duration, and temperature change rate of each monitoring section; calculate mechanical fatigue damage based on the deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section; calculate overload damage based on the relationship between the cable operating current and the rated current carrying capacity and the overload duration; and calculate moisture insulation damage based on the insulation impedance, insulation impedance change rate, moisture environment parameters, and moisture duration. The fusion module is configured to accumulate the thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage and moisture insulation damage of each monitoring section, and determine the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section according to the preset damage weight and damage coupling correction parameters. The lifespan assessment module is configured to determine the local health of each monitoring segment based on the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring segment and the rate of increase of the comprehensive cumulative damage over time, and to determine the remaining service life of each monitoring segment based on the estimated time required for the comprehensive cumulative damage to reach the preset lifespan termination conditions.

[0096] It should be noted that each module in this embodiment corresponds one-to-one with each step in embodiment 2, and their specific implementation process is the same, so it will not be repeated here.

[0097] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0098] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring method for intelligent cables in mines, characterized in that, The intelligent mining cable includes a power core, a control core, cooling pipes, a central support extending along the cable axis, and multiple detection line sensing units and fiber optic units arranged along the central support; the monitoring method includes the following steps: The detection line sensing unit and the optical fiber unit acquire the detection line sensing signal and optical fiber sensing signal of the intelligent mining cable, and extract the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section; wherein, the intelligent mining cable includes multiple continuous monitoring sections, and the monitoring sections are distributed along the axial direction of the intelligent mining cable. Acquire cable operating current, insulation status, and environmental data, and synchronize the acquired data with the temperature data, deformation data, and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section in time and space to form multi-source operating status data for each monitoring section; Thermal aging damage is calculated based on the temperature, temperature duration, and temperature change rate of each monitoring section; mechanical fatigue damage is calculated based on the deformation and vibration data of each monitoring section; overload damage is calculated based on the relationship between the cable operating current and the rated current carrying capacity and the overload duration; and moisture insulation damage is calculated based on the insulation impedance, insulation impedance change rate, moisture environment parameters, and moisture duration. The thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture insulation damage of each monitoring section are accumulated, and the comprehensive accumulated damage of each monitoring section is determined according to the preset damage weight and damage coupling correction parameters. Based on the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section and the rate of increase of the comprehensive cumulative damage over time, the local health of each monitoring section is determined, and the remaining service life of each monitoring section is determined based on the estimated time required for the comprehensive cumulative damage to reach the preset end-of-life conditions.

2. The monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The deformation data corresponding to each monitoring section includes the deformation location, deformation amplitude, and deformation state; Based on the detection line sensing unit, the detection line sensing signal corresponding to each monitoring section is obtained, and the axial position of the deformation section is determined according to the propagation delay between the transmitted signal and the abnormal reflection signal, which is used as the deformation position. After determining the axial position of the deformation section, the real-time abnormal reflection signal amplitude of the detection line sensing unit at the deformation section and the reference reflection signal amplitude at the corresponding position when the cable is not deformed are obtained respectively. The normalized amplitude change of the i-th group of detection line sensing units is calculated, and the normalized amplitude change is converted into the corresponding deformation amplitude according to the calibration relationship. After determining the deformation section, the amplitude change, phase change, and the time when the signal started to change of the reflected signal from the three sets of detection line sensing units at the deformation section are extracted respectively, and the three sets of signals are compared to determine the deformation state.

3. The monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the degree of impact of various types of damage on cable life, damage weights are set for thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage, and moisture insulation damage. Damage coupling correction parameters are set according to the mutual promotion effect when different types of damage exist simultaneously, and the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring section is calculated.

4. The monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central support is disposed in the central area enclosed by the power core and the control core, and the cross-sectional structure of the central support is rotationally symmetrical about the cable axis. The end of the central support is provided with a mounting groove extending along the cable axis, which is arranged rotationally symmetrically around the cable axis and is used to house the detection line sensing unit and the cooling pipeline. The optical fiber unit extends along the cable axis from the center of the central support. The power core, the control core, the cooling pipeline, and the central support housing the detection line sensing unit and the optical fiber unit together form the cable core, which is covered by a sheath structure.

5. The monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central support includes a central body and at least three supporting ends extending radially outward from the central body. The supporting ends are arranged at circumferential intervals along the central body. Each supporting end has the same or periodically repeating cross-sectional shape, so that after the central support is rotated by a preset angle, the position of each supporting end corresponds to that of another supporting end.

6. The monitoring method as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The central support has three supporting ends, forming a congruent triangular support.

7. The monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The detection line sensing unit includes a time-domain reflectometry device and a detection line. The time-domain reflectometry device is used to input electrical pulses to the detection line. The detection line includes at least two spaced conductors and an elastic dielectric layer located between the conductors and covering the conductors. The conductors and the elastic dielectric layer together form a transmission structure with a set characteristic impedance.

8. The monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple detection line sensing units are arranged at intervals around the cable axis. Based on the response differences of each detection line sensing unit at the same axial position, the local strain, vibration, and deformation caused by dragging, squeezing, bending, and torsion of the cable are identified.

9. The monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A first mounting slot is provided on one side of the probe line mounting groove for setting the probe line sensing unit. The first mounting slot gradually narrows from the outside to the inside, forming a tapered inlet channel. The two side walls of the first mounting slot are oppositely arranged arc-shaped walls or inclined walls, and the first mounting slot smoothly transitions with the inner wall of the probe line mounting groove.

10. A monitoring system for intelligent cables in mines based on the monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the detection line sensing signal and fiber optic sensing signal of the intelligent mining cable based on the detection line sensing unit and the fiber optic unit, and extract the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section; wherein, the intelligent mining cable includes multiple continuous monitoring sections, and the monitoring sections are distributed along the axial direction of the intelligent mining cable; The time synchronization and spatial correspondence module is configured to acquire cable operating current, insulation status and environmental data, and synchronize and spatially correspond the acquired data with the temperature data, deformation data and vibration data corresponding to each monitoring section to form multi-source operating status data of each monitoring section. The damage calculation module is configured to calculate thermal aging damage based on the temperature, temperature duration, and temperature change rate of each monitoring section; calculate mechanical fatigue damage based on the deformation data and vibration data of each monitoring section; calculate overload damage based on the relationship between the cable operating current and the rated current carrying capacity and the overload duration; and calculate moisture insulation damage based on the insulation impedance, insulation impedance change rate, moisture environment parameters, and moisture duration. The fusion module is configured to accumulate the thermal aging damage, mechanical fatigue damage, overload damage and moisture insulation damage of each monitoring section, and determine the comprehensive accumulated damage of each monitoring section according to the preset damage weight and damage coupling correction parameters. The lifespan determination module is configured to determine the local health of each monitoring segment based on the comprehensive cumulative damage of each monitoring segment and the rate of increase of the comprehensive cumulative damage over time, and to determine the remaining service life of each monitoring segment based on the estimated time required for the comprehensive cumulative damage to reach the preset lifespan termination condition.

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