One-dimensional performance simulation method for reverse flow humidifier and related product

Abstract

The application discloses a one-dimensional performance simulation method for a reverse flow humidifier and related products, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and comprises the following steps: dividing a humidifier model into multiple intervals at equal intervals along the direction of a dry side air channel; iteratively solving the gas temperatures at the inlets and outlets of the dry and wet sides of all intervals by means of the temperature changes of the dry and wet sides respectively exchanging heat with the outside and the temperature changes of the dry and wet sides internally exchanging heat; traversing all intervals in a forward direction, and determining the material flow rates at the inlets and outlets of the dry and wet sides of all intervals by means of the water fluxes transferred between the dry and wet sides of each interval; and determining the gas temperatures and material flow rates at the outlets of the dry and wet sides of the humidifier according to the gas temperatures and material flow rates at the inlets and outlets of the dry and wet sides of all intervals. The model considers the heat exchange between the wet side and the outside, the heat exchange between the dry side and the outside, and the heat exchange between the dry and wet sides, and the temperature calculation is independent of the humidity calculation, so that the model accuracy is guaranteed, the calculation speed is improved, and the demand of system performance simulation for fast convergence of the model is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a one-dimensional performance simulation method for a reverse flow humidifier and related products. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel cell engines have specific requirements for the humidity of the air entering the fuel cell stack. Humid air can improve the efficiency of the fuel cell stack, reduce the wear of the proton exchange membrane, extend the stack's lifespan, and allow the stack to operate at higher temperatures. Currently, various researches have been conducted on humidifier mechanism models in the industry, but these models are either too complex, computationally time-consuming, or too simplified, lacking accuracy, and difficult to directly apply to system simulation modeling.

[0004] Currently, existing humidifier modeling methods only consider the internal heat exchange on the dry and wet sides of the humidifier. Temperature calculation is coupled with humidity calculation, which involves complex calculation steps, poor convergence, and requires a large number of iterations during the calculation process, resulting in a long calculation time. This cannot meet the rapid performance requirements of system modeling and simulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a one-dimensional performance simulation method for a reverse-flow humidifier and related products. This method considers heat exchange between the wet side and the external environment, heat exchange between the dry side and the external environment, and heat exchange between the wet and dry sides. Furthermore, temperature calculation is independent of humidity calculation, which ensures model accuracy while improving calculation speed, thus meeting the requirement for rapid model convergence in system performance simulation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a one-dimensional performance simulation method for a counter-flow humidifier, comprising: The humidifier model is divided into multiple intervals along the dry side airway direction; By traversing all intervals in both forward and reverse directions, and iteratively solving for the gas temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals through the temperature changes of heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside, as well as the temperature changes of heat exchange within the dry and wet sides, the gas temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals are obtained. By traversing all intervals in a forward direction, the material flow rate at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of each interval is determined by the water flux transferred between the dry and wet sides of each interval. Based on the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet side inlets and outlets of all sections, determine the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet side outlets of the humidifier.

[0007] As an alternative implementation method, the process of iteratively solving for the gas temperatures at the dry and wet side inlets and outlets of all intervals includes: Initialize the inlet and outlet temperatures for the dry and wet sides of each zone; By traversing all intervals in a forward direction, the dry side inlet temperature, dry side outlet temperature, and internal heat exchange of each interval are determined sequentially by the temperature changes of heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside, as well as the temperature changes of heat exchange within the dry and wet sides. The dry side outlet temperature of the previous interval is used as the dry side inlet temperature of the next interval. Based on the wet-side inlet temperature of the last interval, and considering the internal heat exchange of each interval, all intervals are traversed in reverse. By analyzing the temperature changes in heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside environment, as well as the temperature changes in heat exchange within the dry and wet sides, the wet-side inlet temperature and wet-side outlet temperature of each interval are determined sequentially. The wet-side outlet temperature is used as the interval The wet-side inlet temperature; Compare the dry and wet side temperatures of all intervals obtained after the current iteration with those obtained after the previous iteration. If the dry side outlet temperature calculated in the k-th iteration is equal to the dry side outlet temperature calculated in the (k+1)-th iteration, then the gas temperature solution is complete.

[0008] As an optional implementation method, the calculation process for temperature changes during heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside includes: ; ; In the formula: For interval The dry-side inlet temperature, For interval The wet-side inlet temperature, The heat transfer coefficient between the wet and dry sides and the air. For the zone before heat exchange with air The wet-side inlet temperature, For the zone before heat exchange with air The dry-side inlet temperature, For ambient temperature, For the total heat exchange area, The dry-side molar specific heat capacity, The wet-side molar specific heat capacity, For dry-side molar flow rate, This represents the wet-side molar flow rate.

[0009] As an alternative implementation method, the calculation process for the temperature change during internal heat exchange on the dry and wet sides includes: ; ; ; ; In the formula: The dry side receives the heat absorbed by the wet side; This refers to the heat transferred from the wet side to the dry side. For internal heat exchange between the dry and wet sides; The dry-side molar specific heat capacity, The wet-side molar specific heat capacity, For dry-side molar flow rate, The wet-side molar flow rate, For interval The dry-side inlet temperature, For interval The dry-side outlet temperature, For interval The wet-side inlet temperature, For interval The wet-side outlet temperature is U, where U is the heat transfer coefficient between the wet and dry sides.

[0010] As an alternative implementation method, the material flow rate on the dry and wet sides of the interval is initialized; The process proceeds forward through all intervals, calculating the water flux between the dry and wet sides of each interval, and updating the material flow rate at the dry and wet inlet of each interval. The iterative calculation is completed when all intervals have completed the iterative calculation and the material flow rate at the dry side outlet calculated in the k-th iteration is equal to the material flow rate at the dry side outlet calculated in the (k+1)-th iteration. Among them, the interval Dry-side outlet mass flow rate = interval The dry-side inlet mass flow rate + water flux, and the interval The dry-side outlet mass flow rate is in the range Dry-side inlet material flow rate; interval wet-side outlet mass flow rate = interval The wet-side inlet mass flow rate - water flux, and the interval The wet-side outlet mass flow rate is in the interval The wet-side inlet material flow rate.

[0011] As an alternative implementation method, the calculation process for water transport includes: ; In the formula, For water flux, Let the dry-state density of the membrane be... For the equivalent mass of the membrane, Let be the water diffusion coefficient. Membrane water content; The area of ​​each interval; This refers to the number of membrane tubes. Among them, membrane water content for: ; Water diffusion coefficient for: ; In the formula, Water vapor activity; For water vapor partial pressure, is the saturated vapor pressure at the operating temperature; T is the average temperature of the inlet on both the dry and wet sides.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a one-dimensional performance simulation system for a counter-flow humidifier, comprising: The partitioning module is configured to divide the humidifier model into multiple intervals at equal intervals along the dry side airway direction; The temperature calculation module is configured to traverse all intervals in both forward and reverse directions. By iteratively solving the temperature changes of the dry and wet sides through heat exchange with the outside and internal heat exchange on the dry and wet sides, the gas temperature at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals is obtained. The humidity calculation module is configured to traverse all intervals in a forward direction and determine the material flow rate at the dry and wet inlets and outlets of all intervals by the water flux transmitted between the dry and wet sides of each interval. The overall calculation module is configured to determine the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet outlets of the humidifier based on the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet inlets and outlets of all zones.

[0013] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the computer instructions, when executed by the processor, perform the method described in the first aspect.

[0014] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, perform the method described in the first aspect.

[0015] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention proposes a one-dimensional performance simulation method for a reverse-flow humidifier and related products. It considers heat exchange between the wet and external sides, the dry and external sides, and the heat exchange between the wet and dry sides, equivalent to three heat exchanger models. Temperature calculation is independent of humidity calculation, ignoring enthalpy and temperature changes caused by water transport. The method first calculates the temperature of each interval based on energy conservation, then couples the gas flow rate of each interval to solve for humidity. This allows for rapid and accurate calculation of temperature changes and water transport within the humidifier, providing the distribution of physical quantities within the humidifier. This approach ensures model accuracy while improving calculation speed, eliminating the need for complex iterative calculations and improving model convergence, thus meeting the requirement for rapid model convergence in one-dimensional system performance simulation.

[0017] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 The flowchart shows the one-dimensional performance simulation method for the reverse flow humidifier provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0022] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well. Furthermore, it should be understood that the terms “comprising” and “including”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0023] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment proposes a one-dimensional performance simulation method for a counter-flow humidifier, mainly including: The humidifier model is divided into multiple intervals along the dry side airway direction; By traversing all intervals in both forward and reverse directions, and iteratively solving for the gas temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals through the temperature changes of heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside, as well as the temperature changes of heat exchange within the dry and wet sides, the gas temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals are obtained. By traversing all intervals in a forward direction, the material flow rate at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of each interval is determined by the water flux transferred between the dry and wet sides of each interval. Based on the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet side inlets and outlets of all sections, determine the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet side outlets of the humidifier.

[0025] In the above scheme, the pressure field distribution adopts a linear assumption, and simultaneously considers heat exchange between the wet side and the outside, the dry side and the outside, and the heat exchange between the wet and dry sides, equivalent to three heat exchanger models. Temperature calculation is independent of humidity calculation, ignoring enthalpy and temperature changes caused by water transport. The temperature of each interval is first calculated based on energy conservation, and then the humidity is solved by coupling the gas flow rate of each interval. This allows for rapid and accurate calculation of temperature changes and water transport within the humidifier, providing the distribution of physical quantities within the humidifier. This approach ensures model accuracy while improving calculation speed. As a one-dimensional model, it does not require overly complex iterative calculations, improving model convergence and meeting the requirement for rapid model convergence in system performance simulation.

[0026] In this embodiment, the humidifier model is a one-dimensional model, with dry air and humid air flowing in opposite directions. The model is divided into multiple equally spaced intervals along the dry side airflow direction, and the following assumptions are made: the physical field distribution within a single interval is considered uniform, while the distribution differs between different intervals. The gas pressure distribution along the gas flow direction on both the dry and humid sides is considered linear, and heat dissipation between both the dry and humid sides and the external environment is considered convective heat transfer; only water vapor is transferred between the dry and humid sides.

[0027] During the calculation, starting from the first interval, the gas temperature of each interval is calculated sequentially. After solving for the gas temperature of all intervals, the physical field value and the amount of mass flowing through each interval are calculated sequentially, and then passed to the next interval, until it reaches the outlet. The larger the number of intervals n, the more accurate the model results, but the slower the calculation speed will be.

[0028] For each pair of intervals on the dry and wet sides, after receiving the amount, temperature, and pressure of the material flow from the previous interval, heat exchange calculations are performed using these as boundary conditions. This considers both the internal heat exchange between the gases on the dry and wet sides and the heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside air. In other words, the heat exchange part is equivalent to three heat exchanger models. In the calculation, it is assumed that the dry and wet sides first undergo external heat exchange and then internal heat exchange. The heat inside the humidifier is transferred from the wet side to the dry side.

[0029] The following is combined Figure 1 The method of this embodiment will be described in detail.

[0030] S1: Divide the humidifier model into n nodes at equal intervals along the dry side airway (hereinafter referred to as intervals). Heat exchange and transmembrane mass transfer occur on both the dry and wet sides in each interval, and n is greater than 1.

[0031] S2: For each interval, after obtaining the gas temperature transferred from the previous interval, use this as the boundary condition. According to the law of conservation of energy, iteratively solve the gas temperature of each interval through heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside world, as well as heat exchange between the dry and wet sides, until the set convergence condition is reached, and obtain the gas temperature of all intervals.

[0032] Specifically: First, initialize: Given the dry-side inlet temperature and wet-side inlet temperature of the humidifier, assign them to the dry-side inlet temperature of interval 1 and the wet-side inlet temperature of interval n. For all other intervals, assign the initial wet-side inlet temperature to the wet-side inlet temperature.

[0033] It is understandable that the initial value of the wet side inlet temperature can be customized. It can be set according to the historical experience data of the humidifier during its historical operation. It will be updated in subsequent iterative calculations. Here, we are just giving it an initial value for initialization, without making specific restrictions.

[0034] Then, the process iterates through all intervals in a forward direction. The dry and wet sides first exchange heat with the outside world, and then exchange heat internally. In this way, the dry side inlet temperature, dry side outlet temperature, and internal heat exchange of each interval are determined in sequence, and the dry side outlet temperature of the previous interval is used as the dry side inlet temperature of the next interval, and so on.

[0035] The wet-side boundary is updated in reverse. Based on the humidifier wet-side inlet temperature (i.e., the wet-side inlet temperature of interval n), and the internal heat exchange of each interval calculated above, all intervals are traversed in reverse. For each interval, the external heat exchange and internal heat exchange are iterated sequentially, thereby determining the wet-side inlet temperature and wet-side outlet temperature of each interval. The wet-side outlet temperature is used as the interval The wet-side inlet temperature is determined by this process, and so on, to complete the reverse flow boundary closed loop.

[0036] Finally, compare the dry and wet side temperatures of all intervals in this traversal with those in the previous round. If the convergence condition is met, the temperature field solution is complete; otherwise, repeat the global traversal.

[0037] The convergence condition is that the dry-side outlet temperature calculated in the k-th iteration is equal to the dry-side outlet temperature calculated in the (k+1)-th iteration.

[0038] Specifically: (1) The calculation formulas for heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside are as follows: ; ; In the formula: For interval The dry-side inlet temperature, For interval The wet-side inlet temperature, The heat transfer coefficient between the wet and dry sides and the air. For the zone before heat exchange with air The wet-side inlet temperature, For the zone before heat exchange with air The dry-side inlet temperature, For ambient temperature, For the total heat exchange area, The dry-side molar specific heat capacity, The wet-side molar specific heat capacity, For dry-side molar flow rate, This represents the wet-side molar flow rate.

[0039] (2) The formula for calculating the internal heat exchange during heat exchange on both the dry and wet sides is as follows: ; ; ; ; In the formula: The dry side receives the heat absorbed by the wet side; This refers to the heat transferred from the wet side to the dry side. For internal heat exchange between the dry and wet sides; The dry-side molar specific heat capacity, The wet-side molar specific heat capacity, For dry-side molar flow rate, The wet-side molar flow rate, For interval The dry-side inlet temperature, For interval The dry-side outlet temperature, For interval The wet-side inlet temperature, For interval The wet-side outlet temperature is U, where U is the heat transfer coefficient between the wet and dry sides.

[0040] S2: After obtaining the gas temperature of each interval, couple the amount of material flow (i.e., water vapor, in this embodiment it is assumed that only water vapor is transferred on the dry and wet sides) from each interval, calculate the water vapor activity, membrane water content and water diffusion coefficient of each interval, and then solve the water transport volume (i.e. water flux) of each interval. After modifying the amount of material flow, transfer it to the next interval, and continue to calculate the water transport volume of the next interval until n intervals have completed iterative calculation and the model has converged.

[0041] The iterative solution process includes: (1) Initial value assignment: Given the mass flow rate of the dry side inlet of the humidifier and the mass flow rate of the wet side inlet of the humidifier, the mass flow rate of the dry side inlet of the humidifier is used as the initial boundary of the dry side inlet of interval 1, and the mass flow rate of the wet side inlet of the humidifier is used as the initial boundary of the wet side inlet of interval n. The initial water flux of all intervals is set to 0.

[0042] (2) Traverse all intervals in the forward direction, calculate the water vapor activity, membrane water content and water diffusion coefficient for each interval, and then solve the water flux of each interval. Update the mass flow rate at the dry and wet sides of the interval until n intervals have completed the iterative calculation and meet the convergence condition. If convergence is not achieved, use the updated mass flow rate as the new boundary and repeat the global traversal.

[0043] The convergence condition is that the dry-side outlet mass flow rate calculated in the k-th iteration is equal to the dry-side outlet mass flow rate calculated in the (k+1)-th iteration.

[0044] Among them, the interval Dry-side outlet mass flow rate = interval Dry-side inlet mass flow + dry-side water flux And the interval The dry-side outlet mass flow rate is in the range Dry side inlet material flow rate.

[0045] interval wet-side outlet mass flow rate = interval wet-side inlet mass flow + wet-side water flux And the interval The wet-side outlet mass flow rate is in the interval The wet-side inlet material flow rate.

[0046] The following uses intervals For example, the specific calculations include: (1) Water vapor activity The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, For water vapor partial pressure, This is the saturated vapor pressure at the operating temperature.

[0047] (2) Membrane water content The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, This refers to water vapor activity.

[0048] (3) Water diffusion coefficient The calculation formula is as follows: ; in, is the membrane water content; T is the average temperature of the inlet on both the dry and wet sides.

[0049] (3) The water flux transferred from the wet side to the dry side through the membrane tube in the humidifier is usually caused by back diffusion due to the humidity gradient. Therefore, the formula for calculating the water flux is as follows: ; In the formula: The water flux transferred through the proton exchange membrane. The dry-state density of the Nafion film. For the equivalent mass of the Nafion membrane, Let be the water diffusion coefficient. The water content of the Nafion membrane; The area of ​​each interval; This represents the number of membrane tubes.

[0050] (4) For both the dry and wet sides of the humidifier, the water flux calculation formula is as follows: ; ; In the formula, The water flux transferred through the Nafion membrane, This refers to the water flow rate on the dry side of the humidifier. This refers to the water flow rate on the wet side of the humidifier.

[0051] S3: Finally, determine the temperature and mass flow rate of the dry-side outlet and wet-side outlet of the humidifier. Among them, the flow parameters of the dry-side outlet of the nth interval are the temperature and mass flow rate of the dry-side outlet of the humidifier. Since the dry and wet sides of the humidifier are countercurrent, the flow parameters of the wet-side outlet of the 1st interval are the temperature and mass flow rate of the wet-side outlet of the humidifier.

[0052] The method in this embodiment can quickly and accurately calculate the temperature changes and water transfer rate inside the humidifier, determine the distribution of physical quantities inside the humidifier, ensure model accuracy, improve calculation speed, improve model convergence, and meet the requirements of system performance simulation for rapid model convergence.

[0053] Example 2 This embodiment provides a one-dimensional performance simulation system for a counter-flow humidifier, including: The partitioning module is configured to divide the humidifier model into multiple intervals at equal intervals along the dry side airway direction; The temperature calculation module is configured to traverse all intervals in both forward and reverse directions. By iteratively solving the temperature changes of the dry and wet sides through heat exchange with the outside and internal heat exchange on the dry and wet sides, the gas temperature at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals is obtained. The humidity calculation module is configured to traverse all intervals in a forward direction and determine the material flow rate at the dry and wet inlets and outlets of all intervals by the water flux transmitted between the dry and wet sides of each interval. The overall calculation module is configured to determine the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet outlets of the humidifier based on the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet inlets and outlets of all zones.

[0054] It should be noted that the above modules correspond to the steps described in Embodiment 1, and the examples and application scenarios implemented by the above modules and the corresponding steps are the same, but are not limited to the content disclosed in Embodiment 1. It should also be noted that the above modules, as part of the system, can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions.

[0055] In further embodiments, the following is also provided: An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, as well as computer instructions stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the computer instructions, when executed by the processor, perform the method described in Embodiment 1. For brevity, further details are omitted here.

[0056] It should be understood that in this embodiment, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0057] Memory may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor. A portion of memory may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, memory may also store information about the device type.

[0058] A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, perform the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0059] The method in Example 1 can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor. The software modules can reside in readily available storage media in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, a detailed description is not provided here.

[0060] A computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0061] The present invention also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as instructions included in program modules, which execute in a device on a target real or virtual processor to perform the processes / methods described above. Typically, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. In various embodiments, the functionality of program modules can be combined or divided among program modules as needed. The machine-executable instructions for the program modules can execute within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, the program modules can reside in both local and remote storage media.

[0062] The computer program code used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in one or more programming languages. This computer program code may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the computer or other programmable data processing device, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a computer, partially on a computer, as a stand-alone software package, partially on a computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server.

[0063] In the context of this invention, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, and the like. Examples of signals may include electrical, optical, radio, sound, or other forms of propagation signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, etc.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps described in connection with the various examples of this embodiment can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0065] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-dimensional performance simulation method for a reverse-flow humidifier, characterized in that, include: The humidifier model is divided into multiple intervals along the dry side airway direction; By traversing all intervals in both forward and reverse directions, and iteratively solving for the gas temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals through the temperature changes of heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside, as well as the temperature changes of heat exchange within the dry and wet sides, the gas temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals are obtained. By traversing all intervals in a forward direction, the material flow rate at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of each interval is determined by the water flux transferred between the dry and wet sides of each interval. Based on the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet side inlets and outlets of all sections, determine the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet side outlets of the humidifier.

2. The one-dimensional performance simulation method for a counter-flow humidifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The iterative solution process for obtaining the gas temperatures at the dry and wet inlets and outlets of all intervals includes: Initialize the inlet and outlet temperatures for the dry and wet sides of each zone; By traversing all intervals in a forward direction, the dry side inlet temperature, dry side outlet temperature, and internal heat exchange of each interval are determined sequentially by the temperature changes of heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside, as well as the temperature changes of heat exchange within the dry and wet sides. The dry side outlet temperature of the previous interval is used as the dry side inlet temperature of the next interval. Based on the wet-side inlet temperature of the last interval, and considering the internal heat exchange of each interval, all intervals are traversed in reverse. By analyzing the temperature changes in heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside environment, as well as the temperature changes in heat exchange within the dry and wet sides, the wet-side inlet temperature and wet-side outlet temperature of each interval are determined sequentially. The wet-side outlet temperature is used as the interval The wet-side inlet temperature; Compare the dry and wet side temperatures of all intervals obtained after the current iteration with those obtained after the previous iteration. If the dry side outlet temperature calculated in the k-th iteration is equal to the dry side outlet temperature calculated in the (k+1)-th iteration, then the gas temperature solution is complete.

3. The one-dimensional performance simulation method for a counter-flow humidifier as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation process for temperature changes during heat exchange between the dry and wet sides and the outside environment includes: ； ； In the formula: For interval The dry-side inlet temperature, For interval The wet-side inlet temperature, The heat transfer coefficient between the wet and dry sides and the air. For the zone before heat exchange with air The wet-side inlet temperature, For the zone before heat exchange with air The dry-side inlet temperature, For ambient temperature, For the total heat exchange area, The dry-side molar specific heat capacity, The wet-side molar specific heat capacity, For dry-side molar flow rate, This represents the wet-side molar flow rate.

4. The one-dimensional performance simulation method for a counter-flow humidifier as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation process for temperature changes during internal heat exchange on the wet and dry sides includes: ； ； ； ； In the formula: The dry side receives the heat absorbed by the wet side; This refers to the heat transferred from the wet side to the dry side. For internal heat exchange between the dry and wet sides; The dry-side molar specific heat capacity, The wet-side molar specific heat capacity, For dry-side molar flow rate, The wet-side molar flow rate, For interval The dry-side inlet temperature, For interval The dry-side outlet temperature, For interval The wet-side inlet temperature, For interval The wet-side outlet temperature is U, where U is the heat transfer coefficient between the wet and dry sides.

5. The one-dimensional performance simulation method for a counter-flow humidifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the material flow rates at all dry and wet side inlets and outlets includes: Initialize the material flow rates on both the dry and wet sides of the interval; The process proceeds forward through all intervals, calculating the water flux between the dry and wet sides of each interval, and updating the material flow rate at the dry and wet inlet of each interval. The iterative calculation is completed when all intervals have completed the iterative calculation and the material flow rate at the dry side outlet calculated in the k-th iteration is equal to the material flow rate at the dry side outlet calculated in the (k+1)-th iteration. Among them, the interval Dry-side outlet mass flow rate = interval The dry-side inlet mass flow rate + water flux, and the interval The dry-side outlet mass flow rate is in the range Dry-side inlet material flow rate; interval wet-side outlet mass flow rate = interval The wet-side inlet mass flow rate - water flux, and the interval The wet-side outlet mass flow rate is in the interval The wet-side inlet material flow rate.

6. The one-dimensional performance simulation method for a counter-flow humidifier as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation process for water transport includes: ； In the formula, For water flux, Let the dry-state density of the membrane be... For the equivalent mass of the membrane, Let be the water diffusion coefficient. Membrane water content; The area of ​​each interval; This refers to the number of membrane tubes. Among them, membrane water content for: ； Water diffusion coefficient for: ； In the formula, Water vapor activity; For water vapor partial pressure, is the saturated vapor pressure at the operating temperature; T is the average temperature of the inlet on both the dry and wet sides.

7. A one-dimensional performance simulation system for a reverse-flow humidifier, characterized in that, include: The partitioning module is configured to divide the humidifier model into multiple intervals at equal intervals along the dry side airway direction; The temperature calculation module is configured to traverse all intervals in both forward and reverse directions. By iteratively solving the temperature changes of the dry and wet sides through heat exchange with the outside and internal heat exchange on the dry and wet sides, the gas temperature at the inlet and outlet of the dry and wet sides of all intervals is obtained. The humidity calculation module is configured to traverse all intervals in a forward direction and determine the material flow rate at the dry and wet inlets and outlets of all intervals by the water flux transmitted between the dry and wet sides of each interval. The overall calculation module is configured to determine the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet outlets of the humidifier based on the gas temperature and material flow rate at the dry and wet inlets and outlets of all zones.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, as well as computer instructions stored in the memory and running on the processor, which, when executed by the processor, perform the method according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, perform the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

Images