An asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on digital image processing technology's asphalt concrete quality analysis system, it is related to digital image processing technology field, including space reference calibration module, space block perception module, data relay transmission module and compaction quality response module.The application passes through the integration of space reference calibration module, space block perception module, data relay transmission module and compaction quality response module Synergistic framework, establishes the block construction quality control system based on global unified space coordinate reference, realizes paving quality real-time sensing, data directional relay transmission and compaction process dynamic adjustment Full-process closed-loop control, therefore can solve the problem that paving quality detection and compaction operation link are disconnected in prior art, global data transmission delay is high, and the boundary data misplacement and quality control blind area caused by the non-uniform of multiple equipment space reference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of digital image processing technology, and in particular to an asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology. Background Technology

[0002] The asphalt concrete quality analysis system is used for full-process quality control, collecting quality inspection data from each stage and conducting comprehensive analysis against standards and specifications. It provides timely warnings for abnormal indicators to urge on-site rectification and reduce the use of substandard materials and defects in road construction.

[0003] Currently, asphalt concrete quality analysis systems generally suffer from several problems, including inconsistent spatial benchmarks among multiple construction equipment leading to misaligned boundary data between adjacent work areas, disconnect between paving quality inspection and compaction operations, insufficient accuracy in extracting multi-dimensional quality features and discontinuities in long-distance construction data splicing, frequent conflicts in collaborative operations of multiple compactors, delayed response in areas with quality anomalies, and poor data transmission reliability. These issues affect the uniformity of asphalt pavement construction quality, the real-time nature of quality control, and construction efficiency, making it difficult to achieve refined quality control with a closed-loop process throughout the entire process.

[0004] Therefore, a quality analysis system for asphalt concrete based on digital image processing technology is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide an asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology to solve the problems mentioned in the background above.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology, comprising a spatial benchmark calibration module, a spatial block sensing module, a data relay transmission module, and a compaction quality response module;

[0007] The spatial reference calibration module is communicatively connected to the spatial block sensing module and the compaction quality response module, respectively. It is used to calibrate the positioning devices of the paver and compactor based on the permanent reference points set up at the construction site, so as to establish a globally unified spatial coordinate reference. The calibrated globally unified spatial coordinate reference is used to provide a unified spatial positioning basis for adjacent spatial operation blocks generated by the spatial block sensing module, so as to achieve seamless splicing and fusion of boundary data of adjacent blocks.

[0008] The spatial block sensing module is integrated into the paver body and includes a spatial sensing unit, an incremental encoder position sensor, and a surface elevation measurement device. It is used to dynamically generate spatial working blocks and assign globally unique block identifiers. The spatial sensing unit synchronously collects block surface image data, and the surface elevation measurement device collects block surface elevation data. Based on a globally unified spatial coordinate reference, the collected image data and elevation data are preprocessed to extract surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, and paving thickness consistency features, and generate a block quality data package containing the features and the block identifier.

[0009] The data relay transmission module is communicatively connected to the spatial block sensing module and the compaction quality response module, respectively, and is used to establish a communication link between the paver and the compactor, transmit the block quality data packet to the corresponding compactor according to the block completion order, and realize multi-compactor collaborative data distribution and avoidance of operation conflicts.

[0010] The compaction quality response module is integrated into the compactor body and includes a programmable logic controller and a continuous compaction degree sensor. It is used to receive the block quality data packet, adjust the compaction process parameters of the corresponding block according to the data packet content, and provide feedback on the compaction operation status.

[0011] Preferably, when the spatial reference calibration module establishes a globally unified spatial coordinate reference, it uses engineering surveying equipment to measure the coordinates of the permanent reference point and uses the permanent reference point to uniformly calibrate the positioning devices of the paver and the compactor; the positioning device is a satellite positioning and inertial navigation combination system, and the established spatial coordinate reference is the WGS-84 coordinate system or a local independent coordinate system.

[0012] Preferably, when the spatial block sensing module dynamically generates adjacent spatial operation blocks, it sets an overlapping transition zone at the block boundary. The image data and elevation data within the overlapping transition zone are collected twice by the same set of spatial sensing units and surface elevation measurement devices during the paver's movement, respectively belonging to the two adjacent blocks. The two sets of data are registered based on the unified spatial coordinate reference established by the spatial reference calibration module, and the registered data are weighted averaged and fused to generate seamlessly spliced ​​block surface morphology data.

[0013] Preferably, the spatial sensing unit is a digital image acquisition device, which is installed at the front, middle, and rear of the paver screed and on both sides of the paver in a multi-view tilting manner, and has a preset acquisition frame rate.

[0014] The incremental encoder position sensor is installed on the screed of the paver and is used to generate a collection trigger signal according to the travel status of the paver, triggering the spatial sensing unit and the surface elevation measuring device to collect data synchronously.

[0015] The surface elevation measuring device is a laser profile sensor or an ultrasonic thickness sensor.

[0016] Preferably, when the spatial block sensing module performs dynamic generation of spatial operation blocks, the boundary of the spatial operation block is determined by the real-time position and direction of travel of the screed, and the longitudinal length of the block is determined by the acquisition frame rate of the spatial sensing unit and the real-time travel speed of the paver; the globally unique block identifier is a universally unique identifier.

[0017] Preferably, when the spatial block sensing module preprocesses the acquired raw image data and raw elevation data, it registers the images acquired by different spatial sensing units, and fuses the registered image data with the elevation data acquired by the surface elevation measuring device. The fused data is bound and encapsulated with a block identifier to generate the block quality data package.

[0018] Preferably, the communication link established by the data relay transmission module adopts industrial Wi-Fi or LoRa wireless communication technology and uses an independent industrial communication frequency band and AES symmetric encryption protocol.

[0019] Preferably, the data relay transmission module uses the paver as the central scheduling node. Based on the position, direction of travel, and speed of each compactor, it determines the compactor that will process a certain block and generates a work token for that block, which is then assigned to the compactor. The compactor that obtains the work token gains the work permission for the corresponding block. Each spatial work block is assigned to only one compactor at a time.

[0020] Preferably, the data relay transmission module also tracks the transmission status of the block quality data packets, automatically triggers retransmission for data packets that fail to be transmitted, and marks blocks whose surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, or paving thickness consistency characteristics exceed a preset range as high priority, and prioritizes the transmission of high priority data packets.

[0021] Preferably, the programmable logic controller automatically adjusts the number of compaction passes, compaction speed, vibration frequency, and amplitude of the corresponding block based on the surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution state, and paving thickness consistency characteristics in the block quality data package and a preset mapping relationship between the characteristics and compaction process parameters. The continuous compaction degree sensor is used to collect compaction degree data after compaction operations, and binds the compaction operation parameters and compaction degree data with the block identifier of the corresponding block before feeding them back to the spatial block perception module of the paver for subsequent comprehensive analysis and traceability of construction quality.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. This invention establishes a block-based construction quality control system based on a globally unified spatial coordinate benchmark through an integrated collaborative architecture comprising a spatial benchmark calibration module, a spatial block perception module, a data relay transmission module, and a compaction quality response module. This enables closed-loop control of the entire process, including real-time perception of paving quality, directional data relay transmission, and dynamic adjustment of compaction techniques. Compared to existing technologies, this invention improves the consistency of spatial data among different construction equipment, the matching accuracy of quality data with the work area, and the response speed of compaction control. Therefore, it solves the problems of disconnect between paving quality inspection and compaction operations, high global data transmission latency, and boundary data misalignment and quality control blind spots caused by inconsistent spatial benchmarks across multiple devices in existing technologies.

[0024] 2. This invention achieves continuous high-precision extraction of multi-dimensional quality features of the paved surface and seamless stitching of adjacent block data by synchronously triggering the acquisition of spatial sensing units and surface elevation measurement devices integrated into the screed of the paver, combined with dual data acquisition of overlapping transition zones at block boundaries and registration and fusion technology under a unified coordinate benchmark. Compared with existing technologies, this invention improves the accuracy of extracting features such as paved surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution, and paving thickness consistency, as well as the integrity of block data stitching in long-distance continuous construction. Therefore, it solves the problems of single-dimensional paving quality feature extraction, discontinuous boundary data stitching, and distortion of quality evaluation results caused by spatiotemporal asynchrony between image and elevation data in existing technologies.

[0025] 3. This invention utilizes a data relay transmission mechanism centered on the paver as the scheduling node, combined with operation token-based access control, transmission status tracking, and priority scheduling technology for quality anomaly areas. This enables conflict-free collaborative operation of multiple compactors and precise adaptation and adjustment of compaction processes. Compared to existing technologies, this improves the scheduling efficiency of multi-equipment collaborative operations, the reliability and security of data transmission, and the compatibility of compaction process parameters with paving quality characteristics. Therefore, it solves the problems of frequent conflicts in multi-compactor operations, susceptibility to data transmission interference and high packet loss rates, and inability to respond promptly to quality anomaly areas, leading to low construction efficiency and uneven compaction quality in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the space reference calibration module of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data relay transmission module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown: An asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology includes a spatial benchmark calibration module, a spatial block sensing module, a data relay transmission module, and a compaction quality response module;

[0031] The spatial reference calibration module is connected to the spatial block perception module and the compaction quality response module respectively. It is used to calibrate the positioning devices of the paver and compactor based on the permanent reference points set up at the construction site, so as to establish a globally unified spatial coordinate reference. The calibrated globally unified spatial coordinate reference is used to provide a unified spatial positioning basis for adjacent spatial operation blocks generated by the spatial block perception module, so as to achieve seamless splicing and fusion of boundary data of adjacent blocks.

[0032] When establishing a globally unified spatial coordinate reference, the spatial reference calibration module uses engineering surveying equipment to measure the coordinates of permanent reference points and uses these permanent reference points to uniformly calibrate the positioning devices of pavers and compactors. The positioning device is a combination of satellite positioning and inertial navigation system, and the established spatial coordinate reference is either the WGS-84 coordinate system or a local independent coordinate system.

[0033] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, when the spatial reference calibration module performs the operation of using the calibrated globally unified spatial coordinate reference to provide a unified spatial positioning basis for adjacent spatial operation blocks generated by the spatial block perception module, thereby achieving seamless splicing and fusion of adjacent block boundary data, it is specifically used for:

[0034] The system continuously sends reference correction information to all construction equipment at preset time intervals to correct drift errors caused by long-term operation of the positioning device in real time. The preset time interval is a parameter conventionally set by those skilled in the art based on construction accuracy requirements.

[0035] The global unified spatial coordinate benchmark is synchronized to the spatial block perception module to provide a unified reference for the boundary coordinate calculation of each spatial operation block;

[0036] Provide reference point coordinate verification parameters to the spatial block perception module to support the registration and fusion of boundary data of adjacent blocks.

[0037] Specifically, the spatial reference calibration module sends reference correction data packets to the positioning devices of the paver and compactor at preset time intervals. These data packets contain the latest coordinate information and correction parameters of the permanent reference point. Upon receiving the correction data packets, the positioning devices correct their own positioning results in real time, ensuring that the positioning data of all equipment is always based on the same reference.

[0038] The spatial reference calibration module sends the established global unified spatial coordinate reference parameters to the spatial block perception module. When generating each spatial operation block, the spatial block perception module calculates the boundary range of the block based on this reference, ensuring that the spatial location information of all blocks has a unified reference system.

[0039] The spatial benchmark calibration module periodically sends benchmark point coordinate verification parameters to the spatial block perception module. The spatial block perception module uses these parameters to perform coordinate consistency correction on the boundary data it collects, providing a unified spatial benchmark support for the seamless splicing and fusion of boundary data of adjacent blocks.

[0040] In summary, continuously sending benchmark correction information to correct positioning drift errors in real time can ensure the consistency and accuracy of positioning data for all equipment throughout the construction process, and avoid block position deviations and data splicing errors caused by positioning drift.

[0041] Synchronizing the global unified spatial coordinate benchmark to the spatial block perception module provides a unified reference for calculating the boundary coordinates of each spatial operation block, ensuring that the spatial location information of all blocks is comparable and traceable, and providing an accurate spatial positioning basis for subsequent quality analysis and compaction operations.

[0042] Providing reference point coordinate verification parameters to the spatial block perception module can provide a unified reference for the registration and fusion of boundary data of adjacent blocks, ensuring the accuracy of boundary data fusion and achieving true seamless connection.

[0043] Example 2, please refer to Figure 1 As shown: Based on Embodiment 1, the spatial block perception module is integrated into the paver body, including a spatial perception unit, an incremental encoder position sensor, and a surface elevation measurement device. It is used to dynamically generate spatial working blocks and assign globally unique block identifiers. The spatial perception unit synchronously collects block surface image data, and the surface elevation measurement device collects block surface elevation data. Based on a globally unified spatial coordinate reference, the collected image data and elevation data are preprocessed to extract surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, and paving thickness consistency features, and generate a block quality data package containing features and block identifiers.

[0044] When the spatial block sensing module dynamically generates adjacent spatial operation blocks, it sets an overlapping transition zone at the block boundary. The image data and elevation data within the overlapping transition zone are collected twice during the paver's movement by the same set of spatial sensing units and surface elevation measurement devices. They are respectively assigned to the two adjacent blocks. Based on the unified spatial coordinate benchmark established by the spatial benchmark calibration module, the two sets of data are registered. The registered data are then weighted and averaged to generate seamlessly spliced ​​block surface morphology data.

[0045] The spatial sensing unit is a digital image acquisition device, which is installed at the front, middle, and rear of the paver screed and on both sides of the paver in a multi-view tilting manner, and has a preset acquisition frame rate.

[0046] The incremental encoder position sensor is installed on the screed of the paver and is used to generate a data acquisition trigger signal according to the paver's travel status, triggering the spatial sensing unit and the surface elevation measurement device to perform synchronous data acquisition.

[0047] The surface elevation measurement device is a laser profile sensor or an ultrasonic thickness sensor.

[0048] When the spatial block sensing module dynamically generates spatial operation blocks, the boundary of the spatial operation block is determined by the real-time position and direction of travel of the screed, and the longitudinal length of the block is determined by the acquisition frame rate of the spatial sensing unit and the real-time travel speed of the paver; the globally unique block identifier is a universally unique identifier.

[0049] When the spatial block sensing module preprocesses the acquired raw image data and raw elevation data, it registers the images acquired by different spatial sensing units and fuses the registered image data with the elevation data acquired by the surface elevation measurement device. The fused data is then bound and encapsulated with block identifiers to generate a block quality data package.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, when the spatial block perception module performs preprocessing on the collected image data and elevation data based on a globally unified spatial coordinate reference, extracts surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, and paving thickness consistency features, and generates a block quality data package containing features and block identifiers, it is specifically used for:

[0051] The original image data is denoised, enhanced, and registered to obtain standardized image data. The image registration adopts the SIFT feature point-based image registration method, which extracts scale-invariant feature points in adjacent images and uses kd-tree and BBF algorithm to quickly match feature points. After calculating the homography matrix, all images are transformed to a unified spatial coordinate reference.

[0052] Outlier removal and smoothing filtering are performed on the original elevation data to obtain continuous elevation data.

[0053] Based on standardized image data, the surface texture uniformity features are extracted using conventional grayscale statistics methods. The features are quantified by calculating the contrast and correlation indices of the image grayscale co-occurrence matrix, reflecting the coarseness and directional consistency of the surface texture. The aggregate distribution features are obtained by performing Otsu adaptive threshold segmentation on the image to separate aggregate particles, followed by connected component analysis, and statistically analyzing the area ratio of aggregate particles and the average distance between the centroids of adjacent particles.

[0054] For the two sets of registration data within the overlapping transition zone, a weighted average fusion was performed using a time decay weight based on data freshness. Specifically, the weight of the data set collected earlier was W1=0.3, and the weight of the data set collected later was W2=0.7. The later-collected data, which is more representative of the final paving state, was given priority to generate seamlessly stitched block surface morphology data.

[0055] The extracted features are bound and encapsulated with block identifiers, block boundary coordinates, and acquisition time information to generate a block quality data packet. The data packet adopts a preset industrial standard data exchange format, which is a common industrial data exchange format in this field.

[0056] Specifically, the preprocessing of the original image data includes firstly using image denoising methods to remove noise introduced during image acquisition due to factors such as changes in lighting and equipment vibration, then using image enhancement methods to highlight the aggregate particles and surface texture features in the image, and finally registering the images acquired from different perspectives according to a unified spatial coordinate reference so that all image data are aligned to the same spatial position.

[0057] Furthermore, the preprocessing of the original elevation data includes firstly identifying and removing outliers using the 3σ principle based on the elevation value distribution; then, using the Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter to process the remaining elevation data, which can effectively preserve the contour features of elevation changes while smoothing noise.

[0058] The surface texture uniformity feature is obtained by statistically analyzing the dispersion of gray values ​​in the image; the aggregate distribution feature is obtained by statistically analyzing the area ratio and distribution spacing of aggregate particles in the image; the paving thickness consistency feature is obtained by calculating the difference between continuous elevation data and the preset design elevation to obtain the thickness deviation field, and then statistically analyzing the standard deviation of the thickness deviation of all measuring points in the block; the smaller the standard deviation, the more uniform the paving thickness of the block.

[0059] The two sets of data within the overlapping transition zone are assigned the conventional time weighting principle, with the data collected first assigned a lower weight and the data collected later assigned a higher weight. The weighted average is then used to obtain the fused boundary data, thus eliminating the systematic error between the two collections.

[0060] The three extracted key features are bound to the block's globally unique identifier, the block's boundary coordinates, and the data acquisition time information. These are then encapsulated according to a pre-defined industrial standard data packet format to generate a complete block quality data packet. The data packet uses a common industrial data exchange format to ensure it can be correctly parsed by the data relay transmission module and the compaction quality response module.

[0061] In summary, denoising, enhancing, and registering raw image data can improve the quality and consistency of the image data, eliminate the influence of interference factors on feature extraction, and lay the foundation for accurately extracting surface texture and aggregate distribution features.

[0062] Outlier removal and smoothing filtering of the original elevation data can remove noise and outliers, obtain true and reliable paving surface elevation information, and ensure the accuracy of paving thickness consistency feature extraction.

[0063] By explicitly using well-known and conventional methods to extract the corresponding features, technical personnel in the relevant field can accurately perform the feature extraction process without creative effort, which meets the requirement of full disclosure.

[0064] Clearly defining the conventional weight allocation principles for overlapping transition zones can ensure the repeatability of boundary data fusion and achieve seamless splicing of surface morphology data of adjacent blocks.

[0065] By binding and encapsulating features with block identifiers, boundary coordinates, and acquisition time information to generate block quality data packets, each data packet can contain complete block quality information and spatial-temporal information, providing comprehensive data support for subsequent compaction process adjustments and quality traceability.

[0066] Example 3, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown: Based on the first embodiment, the data relay transmission module is communicatively connected to the spatial block perception module and the compaction quality response module to establish a communication link between the paver and the compactor, transmit block quality data packets to the corresponding compactor according to the block completion order, and realize collaborative data distribution of multiple compactors and avoidance of operation conflicts;

[0067] The communication link established by the data relay transmission module adopts industrial Wi-Fi or LoRa wireless communication technology and uses independent industrial communication frequency bands and AES symmetric encryption protocol.

[0068] The data relay transmission module uses the paver as the central scheduling node. Based on the position, direction of travel, and speed of each compactor, it determines the compactor that will process a certain block and generates a work token for that block, which is then assigned to the compactor. The compactor that obtains the work token gains the work permission for the corresponding block. Each spatial work block is assigned to only one compactor at a time.

[0069] The data relay transmission module also tracks the transmission status of block quality data packets, automatically triggers retransmission for data packets that fail to be transmitted, and marks blocks with surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, or paving thickness consistency characteristics that exceed the preset range as high priority, and prioritizes the transmission of high priority data packets.

[0070] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, when the data relay transmission module executes the transmission of block quality data packets to the corresponding compactors according to the block completion order, and realizes collaborative data distribution among multiple compactors and avoidance of operational conflicts, it is specifically used for:

[0071] Establish a communication link using industrial Wi-Fi or LoRa wireless communication technology. The communication link uses an independent industrial communication frequency band to avoid frequency interference with other wireless devices on the construction site. All transmitted data is encrypted using the AES symmetric encryption protocol. The encryption key is uniformly distributed and regularly updated by the space reference calibration module during the construction preparation phase.

[0072] Real-time monitoring of the operating status and location information of all compactors, and establishment of a compactor operating status ledger;

[0073] Based on the order in which the spatial block perception module generates blocks, and combined with the position, direction of travel, and speed information in the compactor operation status log, the estimated time for each compactor to arrive at the block is calculated, and the compactor with the earliest estimated arrival time is determined as the optimal operating compactor.

[0074] Send a job token and an encrypted block quality data packet to the optimal job compactor, and mark the block as assigned.

[0075] Establish a work token validity period mechanism. The validity period of the work token is a parameter set by those skilled in the art according to the construction rhythm. When the compactor does not send a work start signal within the validity period, the work token is automatically revoked and redistributed. When the compactor completes the block operation, the work token is revoked and the compactor operation status log is updated.

[0076] The transmission status of all block quality data packets is tracked, and a unique transmission identifier is set for each data packet. After receiving the data packet, the receiver returns an acknowledgment signal to the sender. If no acknowledgment signal is received within the preset retransmission interval, retransmission is automatically triggered. The number of retransmissions does not exceed the maximum number of retransmissions conventional in this field. If the retransmission still fails after exceeding the maximum number of retransmissions, a transmission abnormality alarm is sent to the paver.

[0077] Prioritize the block quality data packets and mark blocks whose surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, or paving thickness consistency characteristics exceed the preset range as high priority, and prioritize the transmission of high priority data packets.

[0078] Specifically, the data relay transmission module receives status information from all compactors in real time via a wireless communication link, including the compactor's current location, direction of travel, speed, remaining workload, and equipment operating status. The data relay transmission module then organizes and stores this information in a compactor operation status log, which is updated in real time to ensure accurate reflection of the latest status of each compactor.

[0079] Furthermore, after the spatial block perception module generates a new block quality data packet and sends it to the data relay transmission module, the data relay transmission module first calculates the estimated time for each compactor to arrive at the block based on the spatial location of the block, combined with the current position, direction of travel, and speed of each compactor. After excluding compactors that are currently in operation, the compactor with the earliest estimated arrival time is selected as the optimal operating compactor.

[0080] The data relay transmission module generates a unique job token for this block and sends the job token along with the block quality data packet to the optimal compactor. Simultaneously, the data relay transmission module marks the block as allocated in the system, preventing it from being reassigned to other compactors.

[0081] Each work token has a preset validity period. If the compactor fails to send a work start signal to the data relay transmission module within the validity period, the module will automatically reclaim the token and re-mark the block as pending allocation. The token will then be reassigned to another compactor following the same process, preventing work delays caused by compactor malfunctions. Once the compactor completes the compaction work for its corresponding block, it will send a work completion signal to the data relay transmission module. Upon receiving this signal, the module will reclaim the corresponding work token, update the compactor's work status log, and mark the compactor as idle, awaiting allocation of the next work block.

[0082] In summary, real-time monitoring of the operating status and location information of all compactors and the establishment of an operating status ledger enable the data relay transmission module to have a comprehensive grasp of the real-time situation of each compactor, providing an accurate basis for the rational allocation of work tasks.

[0083] By combining location, direction of travel, and speed information to calculate the estimated arrival time and determine the optimal compactor, the optimal allocation of work tasks can be achieved, construction efficiency can be improved, and situations such as compactors being idle or work congestion can be avoided.

[0084] By using a work token mechanism and validity period management to avoid work conflicts and tolerate faults, it is possible to ensure that each spatial work block is operated by only one compactor at a time, while effectively dealing with compactor failure scenarios and ensuring the continuity of construction.

[0085] By adopting an independent industrial communication frequency band and AES symmetric encryption protocol, it can effectively avoid wireless interference at the construction site, ensure the security and reliability of data transmission, and prevent construction data from being stolen or tampered with.

[0086] Reliable data transmission is achieved through transmission identifiers, acknowledgment signals, and retransmission mechanisms, ensuring that each block quality data packet is accurately delivered to the corresponding compactor and avoiding quality control loopholes caused by data loss.

[0087] Marking quality anomaly blocks as high priority and transmitting them first enables the compactor to obtain information about these blocks in a timely manner, allowing for early adjustment of compaction process parameters, effectively preventing the expansion of quality defects, and improving the stability of road construction quality.

[0088] Example 4: Based on Example 1, the compaction quality response module is integrated into the compactor body, including a programmable logic controller and a continuous compaction degree sensor. It is used to receive block quality data packets, adjust the compaction process parameters of the corresponding blocks according to the data packet content, and provide feedback on the compaction operation status.

[0089] The programmable logic controller (PLC) automatically adjusts the number of compaction passes, compaction speed, vibration frequency, and amplitude of the corresponding block based on the surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, and paving thickness consistency characteristics in the block quality data package and the preset mapping relationship between the characteristics and compaction process parameters. The continuous compaction degree sensor is used to collect compaction degree data after the compaction operation, and binds the compaction operation parameters and compaction degree data with the block identifier of the corresponding block and feeds them back to the spatial block perception module of the paver for subsequent comprehensive analysis and traceability of construction quality.

[0090] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, when the compaction quality response module receives the block quality data packet, adjusts the compaction process parameters of the corresponding block according to the data packet content, and feeds back the compaction operation status, it is specifically used for:

[0091] After parsing the received encrypted block quality data packet and performing AES decryption, the block identifier and paving quality features are extracted.

[0092] Based on the extracted paving quality characteristics, the preset mapping relationship table between characteristics and compaction process parameters is queried to determine the optimal compaction process parameters for the corresponding blocks; the mapping relationship table is established based on the current technical specifications for highway asphalt pavement construction and combined with the compaction characteristics of conventional asphalt concrete types.

[0093] The optimal compaction process parameters are sent to the actuator of the compactor, controlling the compactor to operate according to the adjusted parameters;

[0094] Process parameters and compaction degree data were collected during the compaction operation. The compaction degree data was obtained by acquiring the vibration acceleration signal of the compaction wheel using a continuous compaction degree sensor, extracting its frequency domain characteristics through Fourier transform, and then calculating it in real time based on a calibration curve of vibration compaction value versus compaction degree. This calibration curve was pre-established based on field test sections, using regression analysis of measured compaction degree and corresponding vibration characteristic values ​​at corresponding times using the traditional pit-filling sand method.

[0095] The compaction operation parameters and compaction degree data are bound and encapsulated with the block identifier of the corresponding block to generate a compaction operation status feedback data packet, which is then encrypted by the data relay transmission module and fed back to the spatial block perception module of the paver.

[0096] Specifically, after receiving the block quality data packet sent by the data relay transmission module, the compaction quality response module first parses the data packet according to the preset data packet format and extracts the globally unique identifier, surface texture uniformity characteristics, aggregate distribution state characteristics, and paving thickness consistency characteristics of the block.

[0097] Furthermore, the programmable logic controller (PLC) pre-stores a mapping table between paving quality characteristics and compaction process parameters. This mapping table is established based on the compaction requirements corresponding to different paving qualities specified in the current national technical specifications for highway asphalt pavement construction, combined with the compaction characteristics of conventional asphalt concrete types. It clarifies the conventional value ranges for the number of compaction passes, compaction speed, vibration frequency, and amplitude corresponding to different levels of surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution, and paving thickness consistency.

[0098] The programmable logic controller compares the three extracted paving quality characteristics with the mapping table to determine the optimal compaction process parameters applicable to the block.

[0099] The programmable logic controller sends the determined optimal compaction process parameters to the control units of the compactor's traveling mechanism and vibration mechanism. The control units adjust the compactor's traveling speed, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibrating wheel according to the received parameters, and complete the compaction operation of the block according to the set number of compaction passes.

[0100] During the compaction process, a continuous compaction degree sensor collects vibration signals generated by the interaction between the compaction wheel and the road surface in real time, and obtains real-time compaction degree data through conventional signal processing methods in the field. After the compaction operation is completed, the programmable logic controller binds and encapsulates the compaction process parameters used in this operation and the collected final compaction degree data with the globally unique identifier of the block, generates a compaction operation status feedback data packet, and sends it back to the spatial block sensing module of the paver through the data relay transmission module.

[0101] In summary, parsing the block quality data package to extract paving quality features enables the compaction quality response module to accurately obtain the paving quality of the corresponding block, providing a basis for adjusting compaction process parameters.

[0102] Clearly defining the basis for establishing the mapping relationship table enables technical personnel in the relevant field to independently establish parameter mapping relationships that meet the requirements based on current standards and conventional compaction characteristics, thus fulfilling the requirement of full disclosure.

[0103] The optimal compaction process parameters are determined based on the preset mapping relationship, which enables adaptive adjustment of the compaction process parameters. This allows the compaction operation to be optimized in a targeted manner according to the paving quality of different blocks, thereby improving the uniformity of the compacted material.

[0104] Establishing clear and standardized methods for processing continuous compaction data enables technical personnel in the field to accurately collect and calculate compaction data, ensuring the accuracy of compaction quality feedback.

[0105] By collecting compaction process parameters and compaction degree data and generating feedback data packages, closed-loop control of construction quality can be achieved, while providing complete data records for subsequent comprehensive analysis and traceability of construction quality.

[0106] The overall workflow of the asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology of the present invention is as follows:

[0107] During the construction preparation phase, permanent benchmarks are established at the construction site, and their coordinates are measured using engineering surveying equipment. The spatial benchmark calibration module then uses these permanent benchmarks to uniformly calibrate the positioning devices of all pavers and compactors, establishing a globally unified spatial coordinate benchmark and distributing AES encryption keys to all equipment.

[0108] Once construction begins, the paver moves forward, and the spatial block sensing module dynamically generates spatial operation blocks and assigns globally unique block identifiers. Simultaneously, the incremental encoder position sensor generates a synchronous acquisition trigger signal, triggering the spatial sensing unit and surface elevation measurement device to synchronously acquire surface image data and elevation data of the blocks.

[0109] The spatial block perception module preprocesses the collected image data and elevation data, extracts surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status and paving thickness consistency features, generates block quality data packets and sends them to the data relay transmission module.

[0110] The data relay transmission module performs AES symmetric encryption on the block quality data packets and prioritizes the data packets, marking blocks with surface features exceeding the preset range as high priority and transmitting them first. Based on the real-time operating status of each compactor, the optimal compactor for the block is determined, and an operating token and the encrypted block quality data packets are sent to that compactor.

[0111] The compaction quality response module of the compactor receives the encrypted block quality data packet, decrypts it to extract the paving quality characteristics, adjusts the compaction process parameters according to the preset mapping relationship, and completes the compaction operation of the block according to the adjusted parameters.

[0112] After the compaction operation is completed, the compaction quality response module collects compaction data, generates a compaction operation status feedback data packet, encrypts it, and sends it back to the paver's spatial block perception module through the data relay transmission module.

[0113] The spatial block perception module integrates paving quality data and compaction quality data to form a complete construction quality file for the block, which can be used for subsequent quality analysis and traceability.

[0114] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology, characterized in that, It includes a space reference calibration module, a space block sensing module, a data relay transmission module, and a compaction quality response module; The spatial reference calibration module is communicatively connected to the spatial block sensing module and the compaction quality response module, respectively. It is used to calibrate the positioning devices of the paver and compactor based on the permanent reference points set up at the construction site, so as to establish a globally unified spatial coordinate reference. The calibrated globally unified spatial coordinate reference is used to provide a unified spatial positioning basis for adjacent spatial operation blocks generated by the spatial block sensing module, so as to achieve seamless splicing and fusion of boundary data of adjacent blocks. The spatial block sensing module is integrated into the paver body and includes a spatial sensing unit, an incremental encoder position sensor, and a surface elevation measurement device. It is used to dynamically generate spatial working blocks and assign globally unique block identifiers. The spatial sensing unit synchronously collects block surface image data, and the surface elevation measurement device collects block surface elevation data. Based on a globally unified spatial coordinate reference, the collected image data and elevation data are preprocessed to extract surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, and paving thickness consistency features, and generate a block quality data package containing the features and the block identifier. The data relay transmission module is communicatively connected to the spatial block sensing module and the compaction quality response module, respectively, and is used to establish a communication link between the paver and the compactor, transmit the block quality data packet to the corresponding compactor according to the block completion order, and realize multi-compactor collaborative data distribution and avoidance of operation conflicts. The compaction quality response module is integrated into the compactor body and includes a programmable logic controller and a continuous compaction degree sensor. It is used to receive the block quality data packet, adjust the compaction process parameters of the corresponding block according to the data packet content, and provide feedback on the compaction operation status.

2. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, When establishing a globally unified spatial coordinate reference, the spatial reference calibration module uses engineering surveying equipment to measure the coordinates of the permanent reference point and uses the permanent reference point to uniformly calibrate the positioning devices of the paver and the compactor. The positioning device is a satellite positioning and inertial navigation combination system, and the established spatial coordinate reference is the WGS-84 coordinate system or a local independent coordinate system.

3. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the spatial block sensing module dynamically generates adjacent spatial operation blocks, it sets an overlapping transition zone at the block boundary. The image data and elevation data within the overlapping transition zone are collected twice by the same set of spatial sensing units and surface elevation measurement devices during the paver's movement, and are respectively assigned to the two adjacent blocks. Based on the unified spatial coordinate benchmark established by the spatial benchmark calibration module, the two sets of data are registered, and the registered data are weighted averaged and fused to generate seamlessly spliced ​​block surface morphology data.

4. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial sensing unit is a digital image acquisition device, which is installed at the front, middle, and rear of the paver screed and on both sides of the paver in a multi-view tilting manner, and has a preset acquisition frame rate. The incremental encoder position sensor is installed on the screed of the paver and is used to generate a collection trigger signal according to the travel status of the paver, triggering the spatial sensing unit and the surface elevation measuring device to collect data synchronously. The surface elevation measuring device is a laser profile sensor or an ultrasonic thickness sensor.

5. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the spatial block sensing module dynamically generates spatial operation blocks, the boundary of the spatial operation block is determined by the real-time position and direction of travel of the screed, and the longitudinal length of the block is determined by the acquisition frame rate of the spatial sensing unit and the real-time travel speed of the paver; the globally unique block identifier is a universally unique identifier.

6. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the spatial block sensing module preprocesses the acquired raw image data and raw elevation data, it registers the images acquired by different spatial sensing units and fuses the registered image data with the elevation data acquired by the surface elevation measurement device. The fused data is then bound and encapsulated with a block identifier to generate the block quality data package.

7. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication link established by the data relay transmission module adopts industrial Wi-Fi or LoRa wireless communication technology and uses independent industrial communication frequency bands and AES symmetric encryption protocol.

8. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data relay transmission module uses the paver as the central scheduling node. Based on the position, direction of travel, and speed of each compactor, it determines the compactor that will process a certain block and generates a work token for that block, which is then assigned to the compactor. The compactor that obtains the work token gains the work permission for the corresponding block. Each spatial work block is assigned to only one compactor at a time.

9. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 8, characterized in that, The data relay transmission module also tracks the transmission status of the block quality data packets, automatically triggers retransmission for data packets that fail to be transmitted, and marks blocks whose surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution status, or paving thickness consistency characteristics exceed the preset range as high priority, and prioritizes the transmission of high priority data packets.

10. The asphalt concrete quality analysis system based on digital image processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The programmable logic controller automatically adjusts the number of compaction passes, compaction speed, vibration frequency, and amplitude of the corresponding block based on the surface texture uniformity, aggregate distribution state, and paving thickness consistency characteristics in the block quality data package and the preset mapping relationship between the characteristics and compaction process parameters. The continuous compaction sensor is used to collect compaction data after compaction operations, and then binds the compaction operation parameters and compaction data with the block identifier of the corresponding block and feeds them back to the spatial block perception module of the paver for comprehensive analysis and traceability of subsequent construction quality.

Images