Box inverter integrated machine heat dissipation self-cleaning system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of box inverter integrated machine heat dissipation self-cleaning system and control method thereof, belong to the technical field of power equipment heat dissipation maintenance.The system is additionally provided with air intake volume detector in the lower part of air intake duct fan, and air outlet duct is additionally provided with air outlet volume detector, which is matched with temperature sensor, controller, forward and reverse drive circuit and communication interface to form a closed loop system.Record the ash cleaning mark of insufficient air outlet volume or high temperature alarm during daytime operation, and shield reverse rotation logic;After meeting the conditions such as no active power being generated by the equipment, being in the set time window, and external wind speed being low at night, execute four-stage step reverse cleaning of medium speed and high speed alternation, verify whether the air volume meets the standard after positive rotation after cleaning, and if not, retry step by step, and if invalid for three times, send a prompt to the maintenance backstage through RS485.The system can also diagnose the abnormality of box and cabinet door seal according to the deviation of air intake and outlet volume, and determine that the filter screen is blocked when the air intake volume is lower than the full rotation air volume, to achieve on-demand cleaning, effectiveness verification and fault classification alarm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment heat dissipation and maintenance technology, specifically to a heat dissipation self-cleaning system and control method for integrated inverter-converter units, and is particularly applicable to the automatic backflushing cleaning and condition diagnosis of dust filters in integrated inverter-converter units in outdoor photovoltaic power stations. Background Technology

[0002] A prefabricated inverter unit is an outdoor device in a photovoltaic power generation system that integrates a prefabricated substation and an inverter. Its power modules continuously generate heat during operation, requiring forced ventilation and cooling by axial flow fans. To prevent external dust from entering the cabinet, dust filters are generally installed at the air inlets. Over time, these dust filters become clogged with dust, leading to reduced airflow, increased internal temperature rise, and potentially triggering over-temperature derating or even shutdown, directly impacting power generation and equipment lifespan.

[0003] Existing integrated inverter units only support fan activation for heat dissipation and ventilation when the cabinet is hot, lacking filter self-cleaning capabilities. Filter cleaning relies entirely on regular manual maintenance, and the maintenance cycle is difficult to match with the rate of dust accumulation on site. Some manufacturers' newer models support fan reversal cleaning, but this reversal cleaning is often timed and continuously reversed for fixed intervals, which has the following drawbacks: First, it cannot determine whether the cleaning is effective, and no one knows whether the filter is clean or not; second, it cannot identify abnormalities such as permanent filter blockage, fan malfunction, or cabinet seal failure, and reversal cleaning is performed blindly in all cases; third, when the filter is clean, reversal cleaning is simply idling, accelerating fan wear and wasting energy, and repeated reversal cannot restore airflow when the filter is worn out. In addition, if reversal cleaning is performed when the equipment is under load or when there is a lot of external wind and sand, it may affect normal heat dissipation or draw sand and dust into the cabinet, damaging internal modules.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need in this field for a self-cleaning solution for integrated inverter and cabinet heat dissipation that can be triggered on demand, verify the effectiveness of dust removal, distinguish between filter blockage, sealing abnormalities, and fan failures, and has a safe door opening control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a heat dissipation self-cleaning system and its control method for an integrated inverter and cabinet, in order to solve the problems of existing timed reverse dust cleaning systems being unable to determine the cleaning effect, unable to identify abnormalities, and causing waste and wear due to blind dust cleaning.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A self-cleaning heat dissipation system for an integrated inverter / converter includes a cabinet with an inlet and an outlet air duct. A dust filter is installed at the air inlet of the inlet air duct. An axial flow fan is installed inside the cabinet and connected to the system board's temperature control module. The axial flow fan is used for forward rotation to activate heat dissipation and ventilation at high temperatures. The axial flow fan is a reversible fan that can provide effective airflow in both forward and reverse rotation. Its power supply can be changed between AC or DC 220V and 380V depending on the equipment's power supply. An inlet airflow detector is installed inside the inlet air duct and below the axial flow fan; an outlet airflow detector is installed at the narrowest part of the outlet air duct or above the outlet; a temperature sensor is installed next to the power module inside the cabinet. A controller is connected to the inlet airflow detector, the outlet airflow detector, the temperature sensor, and the system board's temperature control module. A forward / reverse drive circuit is connected between the controller and the axial flow fan. A communication interface is connected to the controller for reporting information to a backend monitoring platform.

[0008] The controller is configured to: record a dust removal mark when the air volume is lower than the first set threshold or a high temperature alarm is triggered during daytime equipment operation; execute a reverse dust removal program when the opening conditions are met; after dust removal is completed, rotate forward to verify whether the inlet and outlet air volumes meet the standards; if they do not meet the standards, perform dust removal again and count; if the set upper limit is reached and the standards are still not met, report the information that the filter needs to be replaced or cleaned and stop the reverse rotation.

[0009] Furthermore, the activation conditions include one mandatory condition and two secondary conditions: the mandatory condition is that the equipment is not generating active power, that is, the active power output of the equipment is zero; the two secondary conditions are that it is within a set time window and the external natural wind speed is lower than the set wind speed value. When the equipment generates active power during the day, the reverse clearing logic is completely disabled to ensure that internal heat dissipation is not disturbed during power generation; the low wind speed condition is used to prevent dust and gravel from being sucked in and damaging the internal modules during reverse operation.

[0010] Furthermore, the external natural wind speed can be taken from the total wind speed of the substation power prediction server to save costs, or from the anemometer installed on the top of the cabinet to achieve more precise protection for the wind environment of different transformer locations.

[0011] Furthermore, the reverse dust removal program consists of four stepped stages: the first stage is medium-speed reverse for 60 seconds, the second stage is high-speed reverse for 90 seconds, the third stage is medium-speed reverse for 60 seconds, and the fourth stage is high-speed reverse for 120 seconds; the medium speed is 60% of the rated speed, and the high speed is 100% of the rated speed; after the dust removal is completed, there is a 5-minute interval before forward rotation for verification.

[0012] Furthermore, the maximum number of dust cleaning cycles is set to three: the first and second cycles execute a four-stage stepped procedure, and the third cycle executes a high-speed continuous reverse for 600 seconds; after each execution, a compliance verification is performed; if the third verification still fails to meet the standard, information is sent and the reverse is stopped to save energy.

[0013] Furthermore, the inlet air volume detector and the outlet air volume detector are thermal air volume sensors. Generally, an IP65 protection rating is selected for outdoor environments, while an IP67 or higher protection rating is selected for high dust, high humidity, or salt spray environments. Alternatively, an S-type Pitot tube can be used in conjunction with a differential pressure transmitter with a range of 0–1000 Pa and an accuracy of ±1%.

[0014] Furthermore, the controller is also configured for sealing diagnosis: when the air intake is normal but the air output is lower than the air intake and the deviation exceeds 30%, it is determined that the cabinet door is open, the cabinet sealing is abnormal or the air outlet is blocked, and an alarm is sent; and filter blockage determination: when the air intake is lower than the air intake of the axial fan at full speed, it is determined that the dust filter is blocked, and reverse cleaning is triggered within the set time window.

[0015] Furthermore, the communication interface is mainly based on RS485 communication, with a reserved 4G communication interface to meet customers' 4G communication needs; the controller is also connected to an alarm indication unit for local alarms.

[0016] This invention also provides a control method for the above-mentioned system, including: A. Daytime operation monitoring: Real-time collection of air volume and cabinet temperature; when the air volume is lower than the first set threshold or a high temperature alarm is triggered, a dust removal mark is recorded; during active power output, the reverse cleaning logic is disabled; B. Activation condition determination: Reverse cleaning is allowed when the active power output is zero and the external natural wind speed is lower than the set wind speed value within a set time window; C. Execution of the reverse cleaning program; D. Post-cleaning verification: After a set time interval, the system rotates forward, and the inlet and outlet air volumes are collected and compared with the target threshold. If the target is met, the process ends and the mark is cleared; E. Upgrade and counting: If the target is not met, the system counts and cleans again. If the target is not met even after reaching the set upper limit, information indicating that the filter needs to be replaced or cleaned is sent and reverse cleaning is stopped.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. On-demand dust removal and closed-loop verification: The effectiveness of dust removal is determined by the combined effect of inlet and outlet air volume and module temperature. This overcomes the shortcomings of the existing timed reverse rotation which "only removes dust but does not verify" and stops dust removal as soon as it is effective, avoiding wear and energy waste caused by ineffective idling.

[0019] 2. Fault classification diagnosis: Using the same set of detectors, the system distinguishes between dust filter blockage, cabinet sealing abnormalities (including cabinet doors not being closed tightly and air outlet blockage) and air intake fan failure. If three cleaning cycles are ineffective, manual intervention or filter replacement is required, and the system should be stopped from reversing to avoid continuous energy consumption during ineffective cleaning.

[0020] 3. Safety gate control: The system uses "no active power generation" as the hard start condition and sets a time window and low external wind speed as secondary conditions to ensure that heat dissipation is not disturbed during power generation and to prevent the reverse inhalation of sand and dust that could damage the internal modules when there is strong external wind and sand.

[0021] 4. Stepped cleaning and upgrade strategy: The four-stage stepped program, which alternates between medium and high speed, takes into account the cleaning intensity and fan load, and upgrades step by step to high speed of 600 seconds to improve the removal rate of stubborn dust.

[0022] 5. Good adaptability and low cost: It can be achieved by adding detectors, controllers and drive circuits to the existing temperature control and heat dissipation system. The wind speed can reuse the power prediction data of the booster station. The communication reuses the 485 bus and reserves 4G, which is convenient for the technical transformation of existing equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of airflow in forward rotation cooling mode;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of airflow in reverse dust removal mode;

[0026] Figure 4 Electrical control schematic diagram;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the control system modules;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the dust removal control process;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation location of the airflow detector. Labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Inlet air duct; 2-Outlet air duct; 3-Dust filter; 4-Axial flow fan; 5-Inlet airflow detector; 6-Outlet airflow detector; 7-Temperature sensor; 8-System board temperature control module; 9-Controller; 10-Forward / reverse drive circuit; 11-Communication interface; 12-Backend monitoring platform; 13-Alarm indicator unit; 14-Anemometer; 15-Power module; 100-Cabinet; 901-Timer setting unit; 902-Active power sampling unit; 903-Wind speed acquisition unit; QF-Circuit breaker; KM1-Forward contactor; KM2-Reverse contactor; FR-Thermal relay; KT-Temperature control enable contact; KG1-Controller forward output contact; KG2-Controller reverse output contact; 601~610-Process step labels. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The threshold values ​​set in the following embodiments are recommended values. Those skilled in the art can adjust them within the scope of the present invention according to the on-site sandstorm environment, filter specifications, and fan model, without affecting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1: System Structure

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the heat dissipation and self-cleaning system of the integrated inverter unit in this embodiment includes a cabinet 100. The side wall of the cabinet 100 is provided with an air inlet duct 1 and an air outlet duct 2. A dust filter 3 is provided at the air inlet of the air inlet duct 1. Two axial flow fans 4 are installed inside the cabinet 100. The axial flow fans 4 are connected to the original system board temperature control module 8 of the integrated inverter unit. When the temperature inside the cabinet is high, they start rotating forward, drawing air into the cabinet through the air inlet duct 1. The airflow passes over the power module 15 and is discharged through the air outlet duct 2, achieving heat dissipation and ventilation, consistent with the original function. The axial flow fans 4 are reversible fans that can provide effective airflow in both forward and reverse rotation. In this embodiment, a 220V AC capacitor-driven axial flow fan is used, with a single rated power of 80W and a rated speed of 2800r / min, for use on 220V power supply equipment. On 380V power supply equipment, it can be replaced with a 380V three-phase asynchronous reversible axial flow fan. Such changes in power supply do not depart from the concept of this invention.

[0033] An airflow detector 5 is installed inside the air inlet duct 1 and below the axial flow fan 4 to measure the airflow. An airflow detector 6 is installed at the narrowest part of the air outlet duct 2 or above the air outlet to check if the airflow is normal. Figure 7 As shown, the detector is fixed to the inner wall of the air duct by a bracket, the probe extends into the airflow, and the lead wire passes through the cabinet wall and is connected to the controller 9. In this embodiment, under normal outdoor environments, the inlet airflow detector 5 and the outlet airflow detector 6 are selected as thermal airflow sensors with an IP65 protection rating, a measurement range of 0-15 m / s, and an accuracy of ±3%; in harsh environments such as high dust, high humidity, or salt spray, thermal airflow sensors with an IP67 or higher protection rating are selected, or an S-type Pitot tube is used in conjunction with a differential pressure transmitter, with a differential pressure transmitter range of 0-1000 Pa and an accuracy of ±1%.

[0034] A temperature sensor 7 is installed next to the power module 15 inside the cabinet 100 to collect the module temperature for high-temperature alarm and temperature rise verification before and after dust cleaning. The controller 9 adopts an embedded microcontroller (in this embodiment, it adopts an ARM Cortex-M4 core controller with RS485 interface and digital and analog input / output), which is connected to the inlet air volume detector 5, the outlet air volume detector 6, the temperature sensor 7, the system board temperature control module 8, the forward and reverse drive circuit 10, the communication interface 11, and the alarm indication unit 13.

[0035] Forward and reverse drive circuit 10 Figure 4As shown: The control power supply forms an interlocked control system via the forward rotation circuit (controller forward output contact KG1, normally closed contact of reverse contactor KM2, coil of forward contactor KM1, and normally closed contact of thermal relay FR connected in series) and the reverse rotation circuit (controller reverse output contact KG2, normally closed contact of forward contactor KM1, coil of reverse contactor KM2, and normally closed contact of thermal relay FR connected in series). The normally closed contacts of KM1 and KM2 are connected in series to prevent simultaneous engagement and short circuit. The temperature control allow contact KT is controlled by the system board temperature control module 8 according to the temperature of power module 15. When the module temperature exceeds the limit, KT disconnects, locking the dust cleaning and restoring heat dissipation. In the main circuit, after the power supply passes through the circuit breaker QF, the main contact of KM1 is directly connected to the fan motor M to achieve forward rotation. The main contact of KM2 is connected to the motor M through cross-phase switching. When KM2 is engaged, the wiring of the motor auxiliary winding is swapped to achieve reverse rotation.

[0036] Communication interface 11 primarily uses RS485 communication, connecting to the existing RS485 bus of the power station to report information to the background monitoring platform 12, and reserves a 4G communication interface to meet customer 4G communication needs. Alarm indicator unit 13 is located on the cabinet door panel for local audible and visual alarms. An anemometer 14 can be optionally installed on the top of the cabinet 100.

[0037] Example 2: Control Method

[0038] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the control method in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 601, Daytime Operation Monitoring: During daytime operation, the controller 9 samples the active power output of the equipment in real time via the active power sampling unit 902, and collects the airflow from the outlet airflow detector 6 and the module temperature from the temperature sensor 7. When the outlet airflow is lower than the first set threshold (in this embodiment, it is 70% of the rated cooling airflow, i.e., the equivalent airflow on the outlet side is lower than 7m / s under the condition of an inlet reference airflow speed of 10m / s) or a high temperature alarm occurs inside the cabinet, a "to be cleaned" mark is recorded. During periods of active power output (active power greater than 0) during the daytime, the controller 9 completely disables the anti-cleaning logic to ensure internal heat dissipation needs.

[0040] Step 602, Activation Condition Determination: Activating reverse dust cleaning requires simultaneously meeting one mandatory condition and two secondary conditions. The mandatory condition is that the equipment is not generating active power, i.e., the active power output is 0. The first secondary condition is that it is within a set time window (in this embodiment, it is set to 22:00 to 6:00 the next day); the second secondary condition is that the external natural wind speed is lower than a set wind speed value (in this embodiment, it is 5 m / s). The external natural wind speed is obtained by the wind speed acquisition unit 903. The total wind speed of the booster station power prediction server can be used to save costs, or the measured wind speed of the anemometer 14 on the top of the cabinet 100 can be used to achieve more precise protection for the wind environment of different transformer locations. Reverse dust cleaning can only be activated when all three conditions are met to prevent the intake of dust and grit during reverse operation.

[0041] Step 603: Execute a four-stage stepped reverse dust removal program: the first stage is medium speed (60% of rated speed) reverse for 60 seconds, the second stage is high speed (100% of rated speed) reverse for 90 seconds, the third stage is medium speed reverse for 60 seconds, and the fourth stage is high speed reverse for 120 seconds. The medium speed and high speed are achieved by the controller 9 through the forward and reverse drive circuit 10 using dual-speed winding switching or voltage regulation.

[0042] Step 604, Post-dust cleaning verification: After the dust cleaning procedure is completed, wait 5 minutes and drive the axial flow fan 4 to rotate forward to collect the inlet and outlet air volumes.

[0043] Step 605, compliance determination: compliance is achieved when the air intake volume recovers to more than 85% of the rated air intake volume and the deviation between the air output volume and the air intake volume is within 30%; if compliance is achieved, proceed to step 606, end the dust cleaning and remove the dust cleaning mark, and return to normal heat dissipation and timing state.

[0044] Steps 610 and 607: Failure counting and upgrade judgment: If the standard is not met, the failure count n is incremented by 1; when n is less than the number of steps corresponding to the set upper limit (i.e. the first two), return to step 603 to execute the four-segment step-like reverse dust cleaning program again; when the count reaches 2, i.e. the third dust cleaning, enter step 608 to execute a high-speed continuous reverse 600-second enhanced dust cleaning, and then return to step 604 to re-verify.

[0045] Step 609, Reporting and Shutdown: If the third verification still fails to meet the standard (count ≥ 3), it is determined that the dust filter 3 needs manual intervention to clean or replace, or that the air intake fan is faulty. The controller 9 reports the "filter needs to be replaced or cleaned" information to the background monitoring platform 12 via the communication interface 11 using RS485, and the alarm indication unit 13 alarms locally. At the same time, the axial flow fan 4 is stopped from continuing to reverse, saving energy.

[0046] Example 3: Diagnostic Logic

[0047] Controller 9 also executes the following diagnostic logic in parallel:

[0048] Diagnosis 1 (Sealing Diagnosis): When the intake air volume detected by the intake air volume detector 5 is normal (not less than 85% of the rated intake air volume), but the exhaust air volume detected by the exhaust air volume detector 6 is significantly lower than the intake air volume, with a deviation exceeding 30% (e.g., intake air velocity 10m / s while exhaust air velocity is less than 7m / s), it is determined that the cabinet door is open, there is a sealing problem in other parts of the cabinet, or the air outlet is blocked. A sealing abnormality alarm is reported via communication interface 11. This diagnosis is independent of the filter cleaning logic to avoid misjudging sealing problems as filter blockage.

[0049] Diagnosis 2 (Filter Clogging Judgment): When the air intake volume detected by the air intake volume detector 5 is lower than the full-speed air intake volume of the axial flow fan 4 (in this embodiment, the criterion is that it is lower than 90% of the rated full-speed air intake volume for 10 minutes), the dust filter 3 is determined to be clogged, and the fan reverse cleaning mode is activated within the set time window.

[0050] Diagnosis 3 (Filter life and fan failure judgment): If the air intake volume still does not improve after three reverse cleaning cycles (the air intake volume increases by less than 5% compared to before cleaning), it is determined that the dust filter 3 needs manual intervention, cleaning or replacement, or that the air intake fan is faulty. After reporting the information, stop the reverse fan to save energy.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. For example, parameters such as the duration of each segment of the four-stage stepped program, the compliance threshold of 85%, the sealing deviation threshold of 30%, the low wind speed threshold of 5 m / s, and the set time window can all be adjusted according to the on-site working conditions; the two sources of the wind speed acquisition unit can be selected by choice or used in combination; the voltage system and power of the axial flow fan can be changed according to the power supply and thermal design of the equipment.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for an integrated inverter / converter, characterized in that, include: The cabinet (100) is provided with an air inlet duct (1) and an air outlet duct (2). A dust filter (3) is provided at the air inlet of the air inlet duct (1). An axial flow fan (4) is provided inside the cabinet (100). The axial flow fan (4) is connected to the system board temperature control module (8) of the integrated inverter unit and is used to start heat dissipation and ventilation in the forward direction at high temperature. The axial flow fan (4) is a reversible fan that can provide effective air volume in both forward and reverse rotation. An air intake volume detector (5) is installed inside the air intake duct (1) and below the axial flow fan (4) to detect the air intake volume; An air volume detector (6) is installed at a narrower part of the air outlet duct (2) or above the air outlet to detect the air volume. A temperature sensor (7) is located next to the power module (15) inside the cabinet (100); The controller (9) is connected to the inlet air volume detector (5), the outlet air volume detector (6), the temperature sensor (7), and the system board temperature control module (8), respectively. A forward and reverse rotation drive circuit (10) is connected between the controller (9) and the axial flow fan (4) and is used to switch the forward and reverse rotation of the axial flow fan (4) under the command of the controller (9); The communication interface (11) is connected to the controller (9) and is used to report information to the background monitoring platform (12); The controller (9) is configured to perform the following control: during the daytime operation of the equipment, when the air volume detected by the air volume detector (6) is lower than the first set threshold or a high temperature alarm occurs in the cabinet, a dust removal mark is recorded; when the opening conditions are met, the axial flow fan (4) is made to execute a preset reverse dust removal program through the forward and reverse drive circuit (10); after the dust removal program is completed, the axial flow fan (4) is driven to rotate forward, and the air volume collected by the air volume detector (5) and the air volume detector (6) is compared with the set threshold to determine whether the dust removal meets the standard; if it does not meet the standard, the reverse dust removal program is executed again and the number of dust removals is accumulated; when the number of dust removals reaches the set upper limit and still does not meet the standard, the information that the filter needs to be replaced or cleaned is reported through the communication interface (11), and the reverse rotation of the axial flow fan (4) is stopped.

2. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The activation conditions include one mandatory condition and two secondary conditions: the mandatory condition is that the equipment is not generating active power, that is, the active power output of the equipment is zero; the two secondary conditions are that it is within a set time window and the external natural wind speed is lower than the set wind speed value.

3. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a wind speed acquisition unit, which is one of the following two types: the total wind speed obtained by accessing the power prediction server of the booster station; or an anemometer (14) installed on the top of the cabinet (100); the controller (9) determines whether the external natural wind speed is lower than the set wind speed value based on the wind speed data of the wind speed acquisition unit.

4. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse dust removal program is a four-stage stepped program: the first stage is medium-speed reverse for 60 seconds, the second stage is high-speed reverse for 90 seconds, the third stage is medium-speed reverse for 60 seconds, and the fourth stage is high-speed reverse for 120 seconds. After the dust removal program is completed, the axial flow fan (4) is driven to rotate forward for verification after an interval of 5 minutes. The medium speed is 60% of the rated speed of the axial flow fan (4), and the high speed is 100% of the rated speed.

5. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet unit according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The maximum number of cleaning cycles is set to three: the first and second cycles execute the four-stage stepped reverse cleaning program, and the third cycle executes a high-speed continuous reverse for 600 seconds; after each execution, the compliance verification is performed; if the third verification still fails to meet the standard, information is reported through the communication interface (11) and the reverse is stopped.

6. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet air volume detector (5) and the outlet air volume detector (6) are thermal air volume sensors. Generally, IP65 protection level is selected for outdoor environments, and IP67 or above protection level is selected for high dust, high humidity or salt spray environments. Alternatively, an S-type Pitot tube can be used in conjunction with a differential pressure transmitter. The differential pressure transmitter has a range of 0 to 1000 Pa and an accuracy of ±1%.

7. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (9) is also configured to perform a sealing diagnosis: when the air intake volume detected by the air intake volume detector (5) is normal and the air outlet volume detected by the air outlet volume detector (6) is lower than the air intake volume and the deviation exceeds 30%, it is determined that the cabinet door is open, the cabinet is sealed abnormally or the air outlet is blocked, and the corresponding alarm information is reported through the communication interface (11).

8. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (9) is also configured to perform filter blockage determination: when the air volume detected by the air volume detector (5) is lower than the full-speed air volume of the axial fan (4), the dust filter (3) is determined to be blocked, and the reverse cleaning program is triggered within the set time window.

9. The heat dissipation and self-cleaning system for the integrated inverter and cabinet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The communication interface (11) is mainly based on RS485 communication and has a reserved 4G communication interface; the controller (9) is also connected to the alarm indication unit (13) for local alarm; when the device has active output during the day, the controller (9) completely shields the reverse dust removal logic.

10. A control method for a heat dissipation and self-cleaning system of a box-type inverter integrated machine, characterized in that, Applied to the system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises: A. Daytime Operation Monitoring: During daytime operation, the air volume and cabinet temperature are collected in real time; when the air volume is lower than the first set threshold or a high temperature alarm occurs inside the cabinet, a dust cleaning mark is recorded; the reverse dust cleaning logic is disabled during active power output of the equipment. B. Activation condition determination: Within the set time window, when the active power output of the equipment is zero and the external natural wind speed is lower than the set wind speed value, the reverse dust cleaning is allowed to be activated. C. Execute the reverse dust removal procedure: Control the axial flow fan (4) to reverse and execute the dust removal procedure; D. Verification after dust removal: After the dust removal procedure is completed, the axial flow fan (4) is driven to rotate forward at a set interval, and the air intake and exhaust volume are collected and compared with the set threshold to determine whether the standard is met; if the standard is met, the dust removal is ended and the dust removal mark is cleared. E. Upgrade and counting: If the standard is not met, the number of cleaning times will be accumulated and the reverse cleaning procedure will be executed again; when the number of cleaning times reaches the set upper limit and still does not meet the standard, the information that the filter needs to be replaced or cleaned will be reported through the communication interface (11), and the axial flow fan (4) will be stopped to reverse in order to save energy.

11. The control method according to claim 10, characterized in that, Step A also includes sealing diagnosis: when the air intake is normal but the air outlet is lower than the air intake and the deviation exceeds 30%, it is determined that the cabinet door is open, the cabinet is sealed abnormally or the air outlet is blocked and an alarm is sent; and filter blockage determination: when the air intake is lower than the full-speed air intake of the axial fan (4), it is determined that the dust filter (3) is blocked and step C is triggered.

12. The control method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The reverse dust removal program in step C is a four-stage stepped process: the first stage is a medium-speed reverse for 60 seconds, the second stage is a high-speed reverse for 90 seconds, the third stage is a medium-speed reverse for 60 seconds, and the fourth stage is a high-speed reverse for 120 seconds; the set time in step D is 5 minutes; in step E, the four-stage stepped process is executed for the first and second times, and the high-speed continuous reverse for 600 seconds is executed for the third time, and the set upper limit is three times.

13. The control method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The external natural wind speed mentioned in step B is taken from the total wind speed of the power prediction server of the booster station, or from the measured wind speed of the anemometer (14) on the top of the cabinet (100); the threshold for compliance mentioned in step D is that the air intake volume is restored to more than 85% of the rated air intake volume.

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