Covering element

Abstract

The utility model relates to a covering element. The utility model relates to a covering element (1) for a covering (2) for floors, walls and / or ceilings, in particular a laminated covering element, comprising an upper layer structure (3), a stabilizing layer (4), an elastically and / or acoustically dampening damping layer (5), and a carrier plate (6), the stabilizing layer (4) is made of wood and / or wood-based material and adjoins the rear side of the upper layer structure (3), the damping layer (5) adjoins the rear side of the stabilizing layer (4), and the carrier plate (6) adjoins the rear side of the damping layer (5).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a covering element for coverings of floors, walls and / or ceilings. In particular, the utility model relates to a laminated covering element and / or a covering element for laminated floors and / or laminated coverings. The covering element has an upper layer structure and a carrying plate. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, it is known that so-called damping layers can be used for impact sound and / or be arranged for impact sound insulation, the damping layer being arranged for sound damping. In the prior art, it is also known to arrange such a damping layer as a separate component under the covering or to connect the damping layer to the lower side of the covering element. For example, the damping layer can be directly adjacent to the countermove of the covering element. In addition, the damping layer can also be arranged to compensate for unevenness of the substrate. Therefore, by means of the damping layer, an improved arrangement structure of the covering element and the substrate and / or an adaptation of the covering element to the substrate can also be achieved.

[0003] However, in practice, it has been found that a damping layer which is directly connected to the covering element, for example a damping layer which is materially bonded to the reaction piece, does not provide the desired impact sound insulation performance. For this purpose, it is usually necessary to lay separate insulating panels on the substrate. The covering element then has to be laid on these insulating panels.

[0004] Another disadvantage is that the laminate covering elements known from the prior art give the user a stiff feeling underfoot and are relatively hard and / or difficult to touch. This ultimately reduces the comfort of the laminate floor. The flexible properties of the laminate floor elements cannot be provided, even if a damping layer is additionally incorporated. Utility Model Content

[0005] The object of the invention is now to improve a covering element of the type mentioned above with regard to damping properties and user comfort.

[0006] The above-mentioned object is achieved according to the utility model by a covering element for covering of floors, walls and / or ceilings, which is preferably composed of a plurality of covering elements, and the covering elements are particularly laminated covering elements, which have an upper layer structure, a stabilizing layer, a damping layer and a bearing plate. The stabilizing layer is adjacent to the rear side of the upper layer structure. The stabilizing layer is also formed of wood and / or wood-based materials, and / or the stabilizing layer is made of wood and / or wood-based materials. The damping layer is adjacent to the rear side of the stabilizing layer. The damping layer is formed as an elastic and / or acoustically damped damping layer. The bearing plate is adjacent to the rear side of the damping layer.

[0007] In this context, it should be understood that additional layers may also be arranged between the above layers, but not necessarily between the above layers. In any case, the following structure is used, starting from the upper layer structure:

[0008] Upper layer structure——stabilizing layer——damping layer——bearing plate

[0009] Therefore, the aforementioned use of the term "rear side" should be understood to mean that the upper layer structure is associated with the upper side of the covering element and the carrying plate is associated with the bottom side of the covering element.

[0010] In contrast to the prior art, according to the present invention, the damping layer is not arranged below the carrier plate, but is arranged above the carrier plate and below the stabilizing layer.

[0011] In the course of the invention, it has been found that by arranging the damping layer above the carrier plate, acoustic and / or elastic damping properties can be well provided while achieving a perceptible comfort and / or elastic properties under the load of the covering element without impairing other requirements, in particular mechanical requirements, on the covering element. The concept of the invention is particularly advantageous when used for laminated covering elements, in particular where preferably resinized paper and / or resin-treated paper can only be laminated to HDF / MDF, after which limitations occur in the prior art. According to the invention, the production of the covering element can now be integrated into the lamination process to form a laminate.

[0012] However, in the case where only the damping layer is arranged above the carrier plate, this can lead to excessive indentations under load. Another problem is that the damping layer can be damaged relatively easily and, due to stresses on the covering element, permanent bulges can form after only short periods of use.

[0013] These disadvantages can be avoided by using a stabilizing layer according to the present invention. Therefore, in the present invention, precisely the stabilizing layer and the damping layer are important. According to the present invention, it has been found that by arranging the stabilizing layer above the damping layer, the damping properties and the comfort of the covering element can be improved, while also protecting the damping layer, in particular from mechanical stress. In addition, the stabilizing layer can also avoid interfering with the protruding contour, which would otherwise be caused by the stress on the damping layer. Therefore, the stabilizing layer ensures that: there is a specified and desired structure on the outer surface of the covering element, which structure is preferably not changed by the mechanical stress of the covering element, or even if it changes, it only changes slightly and / or minimally. However, at the same time, the damping layer also causes and / or ensures certain flexible properties of the covering element.

[0014] Furthermore, it has been found according to the present invention that the stability properties required for balancing the damping layer can be optimally achieved by forming the stability layer from wood and / or wood-based materials. The stability layer can distribute the load when stressed, which leads to a reduction in the instantaneous load on the damping layer. Thus, the guaranteed load distribution of the damping layer leads to large-area loads being compensated accordingly without instantaneous load peaks. However, the comfort felt by the user can still be ensured by the damping layer and / or only according to the present invention.

[0015] A stabilizing layer formed of wood and / or of a wood-based material is to be understood in particular to mean that the material of the stabilizing layer consists of wood or that the material of the stabilizing layer consists predominantly of wood (i.e. more than 50% by weight). Insofar as the stabilizing layer is formed of a wood-based material, this is to be understood in particular to mean that the stabilizing layer is formed as a hard fiberboard, such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), high density fiberboard (HDF), medium hardwood fiberboard (HFM) and hardwood fiberboard (HFH). Such wood fiberboards are known in the prior art.

[0016] The wood fiberboard also consists mainly of wood. In this regard, the stabilizing layer can at least include a wood proportion of at least 70% by weight, preferably, the stabilizing layer can at least include a wood proportion of at least 75% by weight, more preferably, the stabilizing layer can at least include a wood proportion of at least 80% by weight. In addition to wood, the stabilizing layer can also include additional materials that can be used to strengthen and / or bond the wood layer. For example, the stabilizing layer can also contain water, especially due to the moisture content of the wood, and / or the adhesive and / or the resin. The water content can be between 1% and 10% by weight, preferably, the water content can be between 4% and 6% by weight. The content of adhesive and / or resin can be up to 15% by weight, especially, the content of adhesive and / or resin can be up to 10% by weight. Other additives, such as additives for wax emulsions, can also be provided, but these additives can account for less than 1% of the material of the stabilizing layer by weight.

[0017] The material of the stabilizing layer is particularly such that the initial density of the stabilizing layer is between 600 kg / m 3 With 1200kg / m 3 Preferably, the material of the stabilization layer results in an initial density of the stabilization layer of between 600 kg / m 3 With 1000kg / m 3 Therefore, it is particularly preferred that the stabilizing layer is designed as a wood fiberboard or a wood layer.

[0018] Wood fiberboards can contain a high degree of comminuted wood, as mentioned above. Different types of wood fiberboards can differ from each other in terms of hardness and / or material density. Fiberwood is not the same as chipwood, even if these products are surplus products of the sawmill industry. However, chipboards contain chips of a significantly higher thickness than fiberboards, which contain a very small wood fiber component.

[0019] In particular, wood fiberboards can be obtained by pressing the material.

[0020] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the covering element is designed to be polyvinyl chloride-free (PVC-free). The PVC-free design of the covering element brings about the advantage that a particularly advantageous floor can be achieved, especially from an ecological point of view. PVC floors and / or covering elements containing PVC are in particular resilient floor coverings. In the prior art, it is common practice to add plasticizers to PVC floors. However, plasticizers are not completely harmless to health, so that health problems arise in practice with PVC floors. It is therefore advantageous to provide a plasticizer-free or PVC-free floor by means of a plasticizer-free or PVC-free covering element.

[0021] However, the invention does not exclude that, in further alternative embodiments, the covering element at least partially contains polyvinyl chloride and / or contains polyvinyl chloride in small amounts (<5% by weight). In particular, the upper layer structure can contain PVC or consist of PVC. It is particularly important for the invention that the stabilizing layer is formed from wood and / or wood-based materials. This can also be combined with an upper layer structure containing PVC while ensuring the above-mentioned particularly advantageous properties of the covering element.

[0022] It is particularly preferred that the stabilization layer is free of plastic or at least substantially free of plastic. A plastic-free design does not exclude that the stabilization layer contains adhesives and / or resins, in particular if the stabilization layer does not consist of plastic. By an at least substantially plastic-free design of the stabilization layer, it is preferably understood that the plastic content in the material of the stabilization layer is less than 5% by weight, preferably the plastic content in the material of the stabilization layer is less than 3% by weight, more preferably the plastic content in the material of the stabilization layer is less than 1% by weight.

[0023] It is particularly preferred that the carrier plate and / or the covering element have a connecting geometry on the edge side for connecting adjacent covering elements, in particular, the connecting geometry is a tongue-and-groove connecting geometry for a snap-on connection; preferably, the carrier plate and / or the covering element have a connecting geometry on the edge side for connecting adjacent covering elements to form a covering. In this context, the carrier plate may include connecting geometries of complementary design on opposite edge sides. For example, the longitudinal sides of the carrier plate and / or the covering element may have connecting geometries that complement each other, and the front sides of the carrier plate and / or the covering element, which may also be referred to as head sides, may also have connecting geometries that complement each other. For example, a groove may be provided on one edge side, which groove is arranged to cooperate with a tongue on the opposite edge side, which tongue is formed in a manner complementary to the groove, so that a snap-on connection can preferably be ensured.

[0024] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the stabilizing layer has a thickness between 0.3 mm and 5 mm, preferably the stabilizing layer has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. In tests carried out during the development of the invention, it was found that at the above thicknesses the stabilizing properties of the stabilizing layer formed of wood or wood-based material can be reliably ensured.

[0025] Preferably, the damping layer has a thickness and / or material thickness between 0.3 mm and 5 mm, preferably, the damping layer has a thickness and / or material thickness between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. The thickness of the damping layer and the thickness of the stabilizing layer may correspond to each other, or may differ from each other. The thickness of the stabilizing layer and the thickness of the damping layer will be selected according to the desired damping performance and stability performance and also according to the perceived comfort desired by the user.

[0026] The thickness of the carrier plate can be selected according to the use of the covering element. Particularly preferably, the carrier plate has a thickness between 2 mm and 15 mm, preferably, the carrier plate has a thickness between 4 mm and 10 mm, more preferably, the carrier plate has a thickness between 6 mm and 9 mm.

[0027] Furthermore, the upper layer structure may comprise a decorative layer and / or an upper wear layer. In particular, a decorative film, and / or a decorative paper, and / or a decorative print, and / or a decorative paint layer may be provided as the decorative layer. The upper wear layer may be in the form of a coating, and / or a protective lacquer, and / or a protective oil, and / or a protective film, the coating being in particular a coating containing corundum.

[0028] The covering layer can preferably comprise polyurethane (PUR) as material and / or alternatively, the covering layer can preferably consist of urethane (PUR). In particular, the wear layer is designed as a protective covering film comprising PUR. PUR enables a high degree of sound absorption. Therefore, by this choice of material, the wear layer can also ensure a damping effect in addition to the damping layer.

[0029] The protective film can in particular comprise polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and / or polyurethane (PUR) as material. As previously explained, it can also be provided that the upper layer structure can also comprise PVC. The upper wear layer can be a wear layer arranged on the upper side, which can preferably be resinous. In particular, the upper wear layer can comprise corundum particles, whereby the upper wear layer can be formed as a wear layer. Corundum is particularly suitable due to its greater hardness. Therefore, the corundum particles can provide enhanced protection for the decorative paper, which is preferably coated with resin and / or (through) impregnated.

[0030] Preferably, the upper layer structure may also include a wood veneer layer and / or a wood covering layer. However, the wood veneer layer and / or the wood covering layer may also be covered, and / or sealed, and / or protected by the upper wear layer.

[0031] In a further embodiment, it may also be provided that the stabilizing layer is in the form of a wood veneer layer and / or a wood covering layer, and that the upper layer structure is a sealing layer and / or an upper wear layer arranged on top of the stabilizing layer, in which case in particular the upper layer structure no longer needs to have a decorative film or a decorative layer.

[0032] In another preferred embodiment, it is provided that, as described above, the stabilizing layer is formed as a hard fiberboard and, alternatively, the stabilizing layer is formed as a wood layer, in particular, the hard fiberboard is an MDF board (medium density fiberboard) and / or an HDF board (high density fiberboard) and / or an HFM / MB board (medium hard fiberboard) and / or an HFH / HB board (hard fiberboard / hardboard), in particular, the wood layer is made of poplar or basswood. The above-mentioned type of material particularly ensures the stabilizing properties according to the utility model.

[0033] Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the stabilizing layer is formed as a shaped fiberboard, in particular, the stabilizing layer is formed as a shaped natural fiberboard. In the case of natural fibers, natural materials and / or recycled fibers can be used in particular. Particularly preferably, the stabilizing layer formed as a shaped fiberboard comprises recycled materials, and / or, the stabilizing layer formed as a shaped fiberboard consists of recycled materials, in particular, the recycled materials are cellulose fibers and / or agricultural waste. The shaped fiberboard of the above type is particularly suitable as a substitute for MDF and / or HDF boards. Preferably, a biodegradable shaped fiberboard is used, which is therefore particularly advantageous from an ecological point of view. The shaped natural fiberboard for the stabilizing layer can have fibers and / or components selected from old newspapers, cardboard and agricultural byproducts as materials, and agricultural byproducts are particularly straw, bagasse and / or animal excrement. When used as a stabilizing layer according to the utility model, the shaped fiberboard formed in this way is preferably free of harmful substances, has a high load-bearing capacity and is light in weight.

[0034] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the damping layer has cork as material and / or the damping layer consists of cork. In this embodiment, the damping layer can preferably have a relative humidity of between 150 kg / m 3 With 550kg / m 3 Preferably, the damping layer may have an original density between 200 kg / m 3 With 300kg / m 3 In addition, the damping layer may include a cork composite material, in particular, the cork composite material includes cork and polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane and / or elastic plastic.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, in another preferred embodiment, it can also be provided that the damping layer has a foam material as material and / or that the damping layer consists of a foam material, preferably a plastic foam material. The foam original density of the damping layer can in turn depend on the type of plastic selected and the material thickness. In particular, in the case where the damping layer is formed as a foam layer, the original density can be between 100 kg / m 3 With 200kg / m 3 between 250 kg / m and 200 kg / m, especially for foam materials containing polyethylene; and / or; in the case where the damping layer is formed as a foam layer, the original density may be between 250 kg / m 3 With 450kg / m 3 In particular, the damping layer with the above-mentioned original density can have a material thickness between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. In principle, it can also be provided that the plastic and / or foam material of the damping layer can be cross-linked.

[0036] In addition, according to the utility model, the damping layer can have an elastic modulus of at most 5MPa, preferably, the damping layer can have an elastic modulus between MPa0.2 and 5MPa, more preferably, the damping layer can have an elastic modulus between 2MPa and 4MPa. The elastic modulus is measured in particular as part of a tensile test. In this article, the elastic modulus is a material parameter, and in the case of linear elastic properties, the elastic modulus describes the proportional relationship between stress and strain during deformation of a solid body.

[0037] Advantageously, a reaction piece is provided on the lower side of the carrier plate. In particular, the reaction piece can ensure that undesired deformations of the covering element can be avoided. Finally, the reaction piece can compensate for forces acting on the carrier plate. In this way, the reaction piece compensates for stresses in the covering element. In the prior art, reaction pieces made of veneer, paper and / or film are usually used, in particular the paper is kraft paper.

[0038] Preferably, the carrier board is designed as a board body, in particular, the carrier board is designed as a wooden board body; and / or, the carrier board is designed as a HDF and / or MDF board; and / or, the carrier board is designed as a board body comprising plastic or consisting of plastic. Therefore, in other embodiments, it can also be provided that the carrier board has a plastic material and / or that the carrier board consists of plastic.

[0039] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that at least two layers of the covering element, and / or the damping layer, the carrier plate, the stabilizing layer and / or the upper layer structure have been pressed together; preferably, at least two layers of the covering element, and / or the damping layer, the carrier plate, the stabilizing layer and / or the upper layer structure have been pressed together to form a laminate. In particular, at least one layer of the covering element can be resinified, preferably at least one layer of the upper layer structure - preferably a decorative paper - and / or the reaction piece can be resinified. In particular, melamine resin is provided as the resin. It is particularly preferred that the resinified layer is at least substantially completely resinified and / or impregnated throughout. It is particularly preferred that at least one layer of the covering element can be completely treated. It is particularly preferred that at least one layer of the upper layer structure and / or the reaction piece can be completely treated.

[0040] In particular, the melamine resin may also contain further fillers, in particular polyurethane (PUR).

[0041] Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that at least two layers of the covering element are already adhered to one another, preferably all layers of the covering element are already adhered to one another, in particular wherein the carrier plate, the stabilization layer and the damping layer are adhered to one another.

[0042] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least two layers of the covering element are pressed together and at least two further layers of the covering element are adhered together. It is particularly advantageous that the carrier plate, the stabilizing layer and the damping layer are adhered to one another and that the preform formed in this way is in turn pressed together with the upper layer structure and the reaction piece, in particular the upper layer structure is resinized, in particular the reaction piece is resinized. Alternatively, the reaction piece and / or the upper layer structure can also be laminated together with the adhered preform. Particularly preferably, the reaction piece is impregnated with melamine resin before the pressing process. Alternatively or additionally, it is preferred that the upper layer structure has been impregnated with melamine resin before the pressing process, in particular the decorative layer and / or the covering layer has been impregnated with melamine resin before the pressing process, preferably the decorative paper has been impregnated with melamine resin before the pressing process.

[0043] The above-mentioned method steps which will be discussed below in conjunction with the method according to the invention are also regarded as product features, since these features are evident in the final product.

[0044] Furthermore, the above object is solved by a method for producing a covering element according to one of the above embodiments. According to the utility model, the method comprises the following method steps:

[0045] A) providing a load-bearing plate and a stabilizing layer;

[0046] B) bonding the carrier plate to the damping layer; preferably bonding the carrier plate to the damping layer by at least indirectly extruding the damping layer onto the carrier plate and / or, preferably bonding the carrier plate to the damping layer by pressing and / or laminating the carrier plate and the damping layer together;

[0047] C) bonding the damping layer to the stabilizing layer; preferably, bonding the damping layer to the stabilizing layer by pressing and / or laminating;

[0048] D) Bonding the stabilizing layer to the upper layer structure; preferably, bonding the stabilizing layer to the upper layer structure by pressing and / or laminating.

[0049] It should be understood that with respect to the advantages and preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, reference may be made to the advantages and embodiments of the covering element discussed previously, which advantages and embodiments of the covering element may also be applied in the same manner to the method according to the invention without any further explicit mention. Likewise, it should be understood according to the invention that the following description of the method according to the invention may also be applied in the same manner to the covering element according to the invention without any further explicit mention.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the method, it can be provided that method step B) and method step C) and / or method step C) and method step D) are performed synchronously. In particular, the individual layers of the covering element can be pressed and / or adhered and / or laminated to one another at least synchronously. A combination of adhering and pressing of the individual layers can also be provided, for example by adhering some layers together and pressing these layers to other layers.

[0051] In order to press the layers together, it is advantageous if at least one layer of the covering element is resinified.For the purposes of the present invention, resin coating is also understood to mean an at least partially impregnated or fully impregnated formation of a layer.

[0052] According to the invention, it can also be provided that, in order to press the two layers between these layers, a bonding layer of resin is provided, which resin is preferably a melamine resin.

[0053] Regardless of whether the resinification is provided by resinifying one layer of the covering element or by an additional bonding layer incorporated into the covering element, the pressing process ensures that a permanent and secure bonding of the individual layers can be achieved, preferably in a short-cycle (German: KT) pressing device.

[0054] In case a bonding layer is used to join two adjacent layers during pressing, at least one layer is applied on the side facing the other layer before pressing.

[0055] The resin for pressing provided in at least one layer is in particular at least one aminoplast, thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, or reactive resin; in particular, the resin for pressing provided in at least one layer is a melamine resin. In this context, the resin is preferably characterized by the fact that the resin first liquefies under the influence of temperature and pressure and then hardens and / or reacts. During the activation of the resin, preferably during the activation of the decorative layer and / or the reaction piece, the resin in particular penetrates into the pores of the adjacent layer, so that penetration of the resin into both layers occurs, resulting in a firm bond to the adjacent layer.

[0056] Furthermore, it can be provided that, in addition to the above-mentioned layers of the covering element, bonding layers made of resin material can also be used. These bonding layers can then be arranged between the layers to be pressed. In this case, a resin of the aforementioned type can then be provided in the bonding layer, which, when the bonding layer is pressed, enters into the adjacent layers and bonds the bonding layer and the adjacent layers to each other in a material cohesive manner.

[0057] The temperature during pressing depends mainly on the selected resin material. Preferably, pressing is performed at a temperature greater than 80° C. The pressing temperature refers to the temperature at the pressing plate of the press. Thus, the resin is applied to the upper and bottom sides of the covering element.

[0058] In the case of thermosetting resins or reactive resins, higher temperatures are required so that the pressing is carried out at temperatures, in particular, between 180° C. and 210° C. In the case of resins in the form of urea-formaldehyde condensation products, the pressing temperature level is lower compared to reactive resins and lies in the range, in particular, between 100° C. and 140° C. Urea-formaldehyde condensation products belong to the class of urea resins and therefore also to aminoplast resins.

[0059] In addition, a sufficiently high pressing pressure must exist in the press to cure the resin layer. In particular, a short cycle press is provided as the press. The pressing pressure is preferably greater than or equal to 1000 kPa and / or 100 N / cm 2 Preferably, the pressing pressure is greater than 3500 kPa and / or 350 N / cm 2 .

[0060] Preferably, the upper layer structure can already be provided before being combined with the stabilizing layer, or the upper layer structure can be produced during the combination with the stabilizing layer. In addition, the upper layer structure can also be formed as a single-layer or multi-layer structure. In the case of a multi-layer design of the upper layer structure, it is advantageous for the upper layer structure to have at least one resin-coated layer or to have a bonding layer made of resin, in particular, it is advantageous for the upper layer structure to be intended for subsequent pressing.

[0061] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the carrier plate, the damping layer and the stabilizing layer are first adhered together; then the carrier plate, the damping layer and the stabilizing layer are pressed together with the upper layer structure and optionally the carrier plate, the damping layer and the stabilizing layer are pressed together with the reaction piece, in particular the upper layer structure is at least partially resinized and / or impregnated, preferably the upper layer structure is completely resinized and / or impregnated, preferably the reaction piece is resinized and / or impregnated. Alternatively, it can be provided that the carrier plate, the damping layer and the stabilizing layer are first bonded to each other; then the upper layer structure is laminated and optionally the reaction piece is laminated.

[0062] In another preferred alternative, it can be provided that first the upper layer structure is pressed together with the stabilizing layer and optionally the reaction element is pressed together with the carrier plate, in each case separately, in particular the upper layer structure is coated with resin and preferably the reaction element is coated with resin; and then the damping layer is laminated together with the stabilizing layer and the carrier plate.

[0063] The above method embodiments present different possible approaches for forming the covering element. In this context, the corresponding method can be adjusted according to the material of the covering element.

[0064] In the above possible embodiment of the method for producing the covering element, it is provided that a so-called preform is used. According to the above embodiment of the method of the utility model, the preform is obtained by adhering the damping layer, the stabilizing layer and the carrier plate. The provision of a preform has the following advantages: production can be simplified and storage costs can ultimately be reduced, because the preform can be bonded to different superstructures, for example, different superstructures have different decorations.

[0065] In addition to the aforementioned preforms, other preferred preforms may also be provided. Furthermore, more than one preform may also be provided in the method according to the invention for producing a covering element.

[0066] Particularly preferably, the preform can be temporarily stored. In another preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the preform is formed by bonding the damping layer, the stabilizing layer and the upper layer structure; or that the preform is formed by bonding the carrier plate to the damping layer; or that the preform is formed by bonding the stabilizing layer to the upper layer structure; or that the preform is formed by bonding the carrier plate, the damping layer and the stabilizing layer. Preferably, the bonding of the above-mentioned layers can be ensured by adhesion and / or lamination and / or by a pressing process.

[0067] Preferably, it is provided that the upper layer structure can subsequently be laminated and / or adhered and / or printed and / or lacquered on the preform formed by combining the carrier board, the damping layer and the stabilizing layer. Adhering the upper layer structure to the aforementioned preform is particularly preferred for carrier boards comprising plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene and / or PVC and / or for parquet floor covering elements.

[0068] In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that two preforms are provided to form the covering element. Thus, one preform can be provided by bonding the upper layer structure to the stabilizing layer and the damping layer, wherein the other preform can be formed by the carrier plate and the reaction piece. The two preforms can then be glued together.

[0069] Furthermore, according to another preferred embodiment, it is provided that the edge side connection geometry is introduced into the covering element after the individual layers of the covering element have been joined; in particular, the edge side connection geometry is introduced into the carrier board after the individual layers of the covering element have been joined. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the connection geometry is already provided in the carrier board before joining with the further layers to form the covering element.

[0070] Furthermore, it is expressly pointed out that all of the above-mentioned interval numbers and subsequent interval numbers include all intermediate interval numbers and include individual values ​​contained therein, and these intermediate interval numbers and individual values ​​are considered to be essential to the present invention, even if these intermediate interval numbers or individual values ​​are not particularly pointed out in detail.

[0071] By the following description of the examples of embodiments based on the accompanying drawings and the accompanying drawings themselves, additional features, advantages and possible applications of the utility model will be apparent. In this article, all features described and / or shown constitute the subject matter of the utility model individually or in any combination, regardless of the relationship between the overview of these features in the claims or the features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 is a schematic layer structure of a covering element according to the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 is a schematic layer structure of another embodiment of a covering element according to the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3 is a schematic layer structure of another embodiment of a covering element according to the present invention;

[0075] Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a covering element according to the present invention;

[0076] Figure 5 is a schematic three-dimensional diagram of a covering according to the utility model;

[0077] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a method according to the utility model;

[0078] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the method steps for forming a preform according to the utility model;

[0079] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the method according to the utility model;

[0080] Fig. 9is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the method according to the present invention; and

[0081] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the method according to the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] Figure 1 The layer structure of a covering element 1 is shown. The covering element 1 is intended for forming a covering 2 for a floor, a wall and / or a ceiling. To form the covering 2, a plurality of covering elements 1 can be connected to each other. Figure 5 A covering 2 is schematically shown in FIG. 1 . In particular, a laminate-type covering element is provided as covering element 1 .

[0083] Figure 1 It is shown that the covering element 1 has an upper layer structure 3. The upper layer structure 3 can be a single layer or a multi-layer structure. A stabilizing layer 4 is adjacent to the rear side of the upper layer structure 3. The stabilizing layer 4 is made of wood and / or a wood-based material. Figure 1 As shown, the damping layer 5 is adjacent to the rear side of the stabilizing layer 4. The damping layer 5 is an elastic and / or acoustically damping damping layer. Furthermore, the carrying plate 6 is adjacent to the rear side of the damping layer 5. The carrying plate 6 can be designed as a plate body. Figure 1 In the embodiment example shown, a reaction element 15 is also provided, which can optionally be arranged on the rear side of the carrier plate 6 .

[0084] In particular, Figure 2 The multilayer design of the upper layer structure 3 is shown in FIG.

[0085] The stabilizing layer 4 consists largely of wood, wood particles and / or wood fibers. In particular, the material proportion of wood in the stabilizing layer 4 that can be provided as coherent wood, wood particles and / or wood fibers is at least 65% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight.

[0086] The damping layer 5 ensures the damping properties of the covering element 1. The damping layer 5 can ultimately provide a high level of comfort on the upper side of the covering element 1, which ultimately represents the usable side. On the other hand, when the covering element 1 is subjected to loads, in particular when mechanical stresses act on the covering element 1, such as when walking on the floor covering 2, a load balance / load distribution can be ensured by the stabilizing layer 4. The load distribution can ultimately ensure a long service life of the covering element 1, while also advantageously utilizing the damping properties of the damping layer 5. The stabilizing layer 4 also protects the damping layer 5 from further external influences, so that the functionality of the damping layer 5 can be ensured in long-term use.

[0087] Furthermore, the incorporation of the damping layer 5 in the layer structure of the covering element 1 has the advantage that a separate arrangement of the damping layer 5 below the covering 2 can be dispensed with, which can significantly reduce the installation effort of the damping floor covering 2. In particular, the covering element 1 shown in the embodiment can be laid in a manner known to the user, without requiring any further special modifications during laying. This also reduces laying errors.

[0088] Figure 1 The covering element 1 shown in FIG. 1 does not contain PVC. However, Figure 3 The covering element 1 shown in FIG. 1 also contains PVC as material.

[0089] also, Figure 1 The stabilization layer 4 shown in the drawings is designed to be plastic-free or at least substantially plastic-free. The plastic-free design of the stabilization layer 4 does not exclude the possibility that the stabilization layer 4 can have a resin content or an adhesive content, in particular an adhesive content for bonding wood fiber components. Preferably, the plastic content of the material of the stabilization layer is less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, which is understood as a plastic-free formation of the stabilization layer 4.

[0090] exist Figure 4 , it is shown that the carrier plate 6 as well as the covering element 1 have connecting geometries 7 on their longitudinal sides. Not shown in greater detail is that these connecting geometries 7 can also be arranged on the head sides. In particular, a tongue-and-groove connecting geometry for a click connection for connecting adjacent covering elements 1 is provided as the connecting geometry 7. Preferably, the connecting geometry 7 is formed in a complementary manner on two opposite edge sides 8 of the carrier plate 6 and / or the covering element 6. Thus, one long side can have a groove and the opposite long side can have a tongue formed in a complementary manner to the groove to form a click connection. The connecting geometry 7 can ultimately be used to connect adjacent covering elements 1 to each other to form a covering 2, such as Figure 5 As schematically shown in .

[0091] Figure 2 Different thicknesses of the individual layers of the covering element 1 are shown. Figure 2 The stabilizing layer 4 shown in FIG. 4 may have a thickness 9 between 0.3 mm and 5 mm, in particular, the stabilizing layer 4 may have a thickness 9 between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. In addition, the damping layer 5 may have a thickness 10 between 0.3 mm and 5 mm, in particular, the damping layer 5 may have a thickness 10 between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. The thickness 9 of the stabilizing layer 4 and the thickness 10 of the damping layer 5 may be at least substantially equal to each other, or the thickness 9 of the stabilizing layer 4 and the thickness 10 of the damping layer 5 may be different from each other.

[0092] Furthermore, the carrier plate 6 may have a thickness 11 between 2 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 4 mm and 10 mm. The thickness 11 of the carrier plate 6 is selected depending on the desired construction height and / or overall height of the covering element 1 .

[0093] exist Figure 2 In the figure, the upper layer structure 3 is shown to have a decorative layer 12 and an upper wear layer 13. Not shown in more detail is that the upper layer structure 3 has only one decorative layer 12 or only one upper wear layer 13. The decorative layer 12 can be a decorative film, a decorative paper, a decorative print and / or a decorative paint layer. In addition, a protective film, an overlay and / or a protective paint and / or a protective oil can be provided as the upper wear layer 13. The overlay in particular has corundum particles and / or the overlay is formed to contain corundum. This ultimately increases the wear resistance.

[0094] Not shown in more detail is that the covering layer has polyurethane (PUR) as a material and / or the covering layer consists of polyurethane (PUR). In particular, the upper wear layer 13 is designed as a covering layer and a protective film, the material of the covering layer and the protective film is PUR and / or the covering layer and the protective film consist of PUR. This design of the wear layer 13 ensures the sound absorption properties of the wear layer 13.

[0095] The upper structure 3 may have a wood veneer and / or a wood covering 14. Figure 3 In FIG. 1 , it is shown that the stabilizing layer 4 is formed as a wood veneer and / or a wood covering layer 14. Thus, the stabilizing layer 4 can also be considered as part of the upper layer structure 3. Then, the upper layer structure 3 or the upper wear layer 13 for protecting the wood can be applied to the wood veneer and / or the wood covering layer 14, in particular, the upper layer structure 3 or the upper wear layer 13 for protecting the wood is a coating.

[0096] Figure 2 The stabilizing layer 4 shown in is designed as a hardboard. In this context, various hardboards are suitable, in particular, various hardboards are MDF and / or HDF boards, and / or HFM / MB boards and / or HFH / HB boards. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the stabilizing layer 4 is formed as a wooden layer, in particular, the stabilizing layer 4 is formed as a poplar layer or a basswood layer. In this embodiment, it is particularly preferred that the stabilizing layer 4 is formed as a wooden veneer and / or wooden covering layer 14, as previously described, and in particular, the stabilizing layer 4 consists of poplar or basswood.

[0097] Not shown is that the stabilizing layer 4 is designed as a shaped fiberboard, in particular, the stabilizing layer 4 is designed as a shaped natural fiberboard. In particular, the shaped fiberboard may include recycled cellulose as material and / or the shaped fiberboard may consist of recycled cellulose. Alternatively or additionally, the stabilizing layer 4 formed as a shaped fiberboard may include recycled material and / or the stabilizing layer 4 formed as a shaped fiberboard may consist of recycled material, in particular, the recycled material is cellulose fibers and / or agricultural waste. In particular, the stabilizing layer is designed as a flexible, high-density and compression-shaped fiberboard made of recycled cellulose, preferably the recycled cellulose is biodegradable.

[0098] Figure 1 The damping layer 5 shown in the figure has cork and / or cork composite material as material, in particular, the cork composite material includes cork and polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and / or polyurethane (PUR) and / or other elastic plastics. In other embodiments, it can be provided that the damping layer 5 includes a foam material and / or the damping layer 5 is composed of a foam material, in particular, the foam material is a plastic foam material. The foam material can also be cross-linked.

[0099] Furthermore, the damping layer may have an elastic modulus of at most 5 MPa, in particular, the damping layer may have an elastic modulus between 2 MPa and 4 MPa.

[0100] As explained previously, Figure 1 It is shown that a reaction element 15 is arranged on the lower side of the carrier plate 6, which ultimately results in a load distribution. In particular, kraft paper can be provided as the reaction element 15. In principle, the reaction element 15 can have a single-layer or multi-layer design.

[0101] The carrier board 6 shown in the embodiment is designed as a board body, and the carrier board 6 can be particularly arranged as a hard fiberboard, preferably, the carrier board 6 is arranged as a HDF and / or MDF board. In other embodiments not shown in more detail, the carrier board 6 can also include plastic material, or the carrier board 6 can also be composed of plastic material.

[0102] The individual layers of the covering element 1 can be bonded to one another in different ways, but this can also be seen in the final product.

[0103] Thus, at least two layers of the cover element 1, and / or the damping layer 5, the carrier plate 6, the stabilizing layer 4 and / or the upper layer structure 3 can be pressed together. In the case of pressing, it is particularly preferred that at least one layer is resinified, in particular at least one layer in the upper layer structure 3 or at least one layer in the reaction piece 15 is resinified.

[0104] For example, Fig.10 It is shown that the upper layer structure 3 has been pressed together with the stabilizing layer 4 and the carrier plate 6 has been pressed together with the reaction element 15 , wherein in this respect the reaction element 15 and the decorative layer 12 are resinified and / or impregnated throughout.

[0105] During pressing, alternatively, a resin bonding layer may also be arranged between the layers to be pressed, which resin bonding layer penetrates into the adjacent layers during pressing and bonds the adjacent layers firmly / materially to one another. Preferably, melamine resin is provided as resin.

[0106] Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided that preferably two layers of the covering element 1 are already glued together, in particular all layers of the covering element 1 are already glued together. In particular, the carrier plate 6, the stabilizing layer 4 and the damping layer 5 can be glued together, for example Fig. 9 In addition, the adhesion of these layers can be combined with the pressing of other layers, as will be described in conjunction with the method.

[0107] Figure 6 A schematic process flow of a method for producing a covering element 1 according to one of the above-described embodiments is shown. The method comprises steps A) to D). In step A), firstly a carrier plate 6 and a stabilizing layer 4 are provided.

[0108] In method step B), the carrier plate 6 is then bonded to the damping layer 5. For example, the bonding can be carried out by pressing the damping layer 5 onto the carrier plate 6, in particular if the material of the damping layer 5 is foam or consists of foam. Alternatively, it can be provided that the carrier plate 6 and the damping layer 5 are pressed and / or laminated to one another, wherein during this connection method a connection to other layers of the covering element 1 can also be carried out.

[0109] exist Figure 6 In the process flow shown, method step C) is performed simultaneously and / or synchronously with method step B). However, in other embodiments not shown in more detail, a temporally independent execution can also be provided. In step C), the damping layer 5 is bonded to the stabilizing layer 4, preferably, the damping layer 5 is bonded to the stabilizing layer 4 by pressing and / or laminating. For example, the damping layer 5, the stabilizing layer 4 and the carrier plate 6 can be bonded to each other at the same time, in particular, the damping layer 5, the stabilizing layer 4 and the carrier plate 6 can be adhered to each other at the same time.

[0110] In method step D), Figure 6 In the embodiment example shown in , step D) is performed chronologically after method steps B) and C), and the stabilizing layer 4 can be bonded to the upper layer structure 3, preferably, the stabilizing layer 4 can be bonded to the upper layer structure 3 by pressing and / or laminating.

[0111] As mentioned above, method steps B) and C) can be performed simultaneously. Not shown in more detail, alternatively or additionally, method steps C) and D) are also performed simultaneously. Not shown in more detail yet, the individual layers of the covering element 1 are pressed together and / or adhered together at least substantially synchronously. Figures 8 to 10 In the embodiment of the method shown in , different preforms 16 are provided to form the covering element 1 , which preforms 16 can be produced by bonding individual layers of the covering element 1 , wherein these preforms 16 can be bonded to further preforms 16 or layers of the covering element 1 .

[0112] The upper layer structure 3 may be provided before being bonded to the stabilizing layer 4, or the upper layer structure 3 may be produced when being bonded to the stabilizing layer 4. In the case where the upper layer structure 3 is formed in multiple parts, the upper layer structure 3 may be produced as described above, in particular, the upper layer structure 3 may be produced as described above during connection to the stabilizing layer 4.

[0113] The preform 16 can be provided by bonding different layers of the covering element 1. Such a preform 16 can be stored intermediately, in particular, such a preform 16 is stored intermediately before bonding to other layers of the covering element 1. Figure 7 In FIG. 1 , it is shown that the preform 16 can be produced by combining the stabilizing layer 4 , the damping layer 5 and the carrier plate 6 . In particular, the preform 16 can be produced by adhering the stabilizing layer 4 , the damping layer 5 and the carrier plate 6 .

[0114] Fig.10 Also shown are two preforms 16. One preform 16 can be produced by bonding the upper layer structure 3 to the stabilizing layer 4, and the other preform 16 can be produced by bonding the carrier plate 6 to the carrier plate 15; in particular, one preform 16 can be produced by pressing the upper layer structure 3 to the stabilizing layer 4, and the other preform 16 can be produced by pressing the carrier plate 6 to the carrier plate 15.

[0115] Not shown in greater detail, the preform 16 can also be provided by bonding the damping layer 5 , the stabilizing layer 4 and the upper layer structure 3 , or the preform 16 can also be provided by bonding the carrier plate 6 to the damping layer 5 .

[0116] In particular, the provision of the preform 16 may be carried out according to a specific storage capacity or manufacturing method.

[0117] Furthermore, the connecting geometry 7 can be introduced into the carrier board 6 at the edge side and / or into the covering element 1 after the covering element 1 has been bonded. Alternatively, the edge side of the carrier board 6 can also have the connecting geometry 7 before the carrier board 6 is bonded to other layers.

[0118] Figures 8 to 10 Different schematic illustrations of corresponding methods are shown.

[0119] Figure 8 It is shown that firstly a preform 16 can be produced by combining the stabilizing layer 4, the damping layer 5 and the carrier plate 6. In particular, these layers can be combined together by adhesion. Subsequently, the preform 16 is pressed together with the upper layer structure 3 and optionally the preform 16 is pressed together with the reaction piece 15; in particular, in a short-cycle pressing device, the preform 16 is pressed together with the upper layer structure 3 and optionally the preform 16 is pressed together with the reaction piece 15. In this context, it is particularly preferred that at least one layer of the upper layer structure 3, preferably the decorative layer 12, and / or the reaction piece 15 is at least partially, preferably completely, resinified and / or impregnated throughout, and it is particularly preferred that at least one layer of the upper layer structure 3, preferably the decorative layer 12, and / or the reaction piece 15 is resinified, impregnated and / or soaked with a melamine resin.

[0120] In particular, melamine resin is provided as the resin.

[0121] In the case where these layers are not treated with resin, a bonding layer (not shown in detail) is preferably provided between the layers to be pressed. The bonding layer can then contain a resin as a material, in particular a melamine resin, and the bonding layer can penetrate the adjacent layers during pressing.

[0122] Figure 8 It is shown that the upper layer structure 3 is formed during the pressing and that the upper layer structure 3 is composed of the upper wear layer 13 and the decorative layer 12 .

[0123] Fig. 9 It is shown that a preform 16 is first formed by combining the stabilizing layer 4, the damping layer 5 and the carrier plate 6; in particular, the preform 16 is formed by adhering the stabilizing layer 4, the damping layer 5 and the carrier plate 6. Subsequently, the upper layer structure, which can be formed in one or more layers, is laminated to the preform 16 and optionally the reaction piece 15 is laminated to the preform 16. In the case of lamination, a laminating agent is provided which finally ensures the material bonding. In the present embodiment, the carrier plate 6 can have a plastic as a material, but this is not necessary.

[0124] exist Fig.10 In the embodiment, another alternative method embodiment is provided, in which first two preforms 16 are formed, wherein one preform 16 can be formed by pressing the upper layer structure 3 onto the stabilizing layer 4, wherein, in particular, the upper layer structure 3 can be formed by the decorative layer 12 and the upper wear layer 13. The other preform 16 can be formed by bonding the carrier plate 6 to the reaction piece 15, in particular, the other preform 16 can be formed by pressing the carrier plate 6 onto the reaction piece 15.

[0125] As mentioned above, it is particularly advantageous that during the pressing process at least one layer is treated and / or impregnated, or a resin bonding layer is provided between the layers to be pressed. Subsequently, the preform 16 is bonded to the damping layer 5, preferably, the preform 16 is adhered and / or laminated to the damping layer 5.

[0126] Not shown in greater detail, the damping layer 5 can also already be formed during the extrusion onto the carrier plate 6 and subsequently be adhered, laminated and / or pressed to the further layers.

[0127] List of reference numerals:

[0128] 1 Covering element

[0129] 2 Covering

[0130] 3 Superstructure

[0131] 4 Stability Layer

[0132] 5 Damping layer

[0133] 6 Loading plate

[0134] 7 Connection geometry

[0135] 8 Cover the side edges of the component

[0136] 9 Thickness of the stabilization layer

[0137] 10 Thickness of the damping layer

[0138] 11. Thickness of the load-bearing plate

[0139] 12 Decorative layer

[0140] 13 Upper wear layer

[0141] 14 Wood covering / wood veneer layer

[0142] 15 Reaction member

[0143] 16 Prefabricated products.

Claims

1. A covering element, the covering element (1) being used for covering floors, walls and / or ceilings, characterized in that The covering element (1) comprises an upper layer structure (3), a stabilizing layer (4), an elastic and / or acoustically damping damping layer (5), and a carrying plate (6), wherein the stabilizing layer (4) is made of wood and / or a wood-based material and is adjacent to the rear side of the upper layer structure (3), the damping layer (5) is adjacent to the rear side of the stabilizing layer (4), and the carrying plate (6) is adjacent to the rear side of the damping layer (5).

2. The covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that The covering element (1) is a laminated covering element.

3. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The covering element (1) is designed as a PVC-free element, and / or The stabilizing layer (4) is a plastic-free layer.

4. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The carrier plate (6) has connecting geometries (7) on the edge sides for connecting adjacent covering elements (1).

5. The covering element according to claim 4, characterized in that The connection geometry (7) is a tongue-and-groove connection geometry of a snap connection.

6. The covering element according to claim 4, characterized in that The carrier plate (6) comprises connecting geometries (7) of complementary design on opposite edge sides (8).

7. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The stabilizing layer (4) has a thickness between 0.3 mm and 5 mm, and / or The damping layer (5) has a thickness between 0.3 mm and 5 mm, and / or The carrier plate (6) has a thickness between 2 mm and 15 mm.

8. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The stabilizing layer (4) has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

9. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The damping layer (5) has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

10. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The carrier plate (6) has a thickness between 4 mm and 10 mm.

11. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The carrier plate (6) has a thickness between 6 mm and 9 mm.

12. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The upper layer structure (3) has a decorative layer (12) and / or an upper wear-resistant layer (13).

13. The covering element according to claim 12, characterized in that The decorative layer (12) is a decorative film, and / or decorative paper, and / or a decorative printed piece, and / or a decorative paint layer.

14. The covering element according to claim 12, characterized in that The upper wear-resistant layer (13) is a coating, and / or a protective varnish, and / or a protective oil, and / or a protective film.

15. The covering element according to claim 12, characterized in that The upper wear-resistant layer (13) is formed as a coating composed of polyurethane.

16. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The upper structure (3) comprises a wooden veneer and / or a wooden covering layer.

17. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The stabilizing layer (4) is formed as a hard fiberboard, or the stabilizing layer (4) is formed as a wood layer; and / or, The stabilizing layer (4) is designed as a shaped fiberboard.

18. The covering element according to claim 17, characterized in that The stabilizing layer (4) is formed as an MDF board or an HDF board.

19. The covering element according to claim 17, characterized in that The stabilizing layer (4) is formed as a HFM plate.

20. The covering element according to claim 17, characterized in that The stabilization layer (4) is formed as a HFH plate.

21. The covering element according to claim 17, characterized in that The wood layer is made of poplar or basswood.

22. The covering element according to claim 17, characterized in that The stabilizing layer (4) is designed as a shaped natural fiber board.

23. The covering element according to claim 17, characterized in that The formed fiberboard is composed of recycled material.

24. The covering element according to claim 23, characterized in that The recycled material is cellulose fibers and / or agricultural waste.

25. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The damping layer (5) comprises cork and / or a cork composite material as a material, and / or the damping layer (5) comprises a foam material; and / or The damping layer (5) has an elastic modulus of at most 5 MPa.

26. Covering element according to claim 25, characterized in that The foam material is a plastic foam material and / or the foam material consists of a plastic foam material.

27. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The damping layer (5) has an elastic modulus between 0.2 MPa and 5 MPa.

28. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The damping layer (5) has an elastic modulus between 2 MPa and 4 MPa.

29. The covering element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A reaction member (15) is provided and / or arranged on the lower side of the carrier plate (6), and / or The carrying plate (6) is designed as a plate body.

30. The covering element according to claim 29, characterized in that The carrier board (6) is designed as a HDF board or an MDF board.

31. The covering element according to claim 29, characterized in that The plate body is made of plastic.

32. The covering element according to claim 29, characterized in that At least two layers of the covering element (1), and / or the damping layer (5), the carrier plate (6), the stabilizing layer (4), the reaction element (15) and / or the upper layer structure (3) have been pressed together; and / or At least two layers of the covering element (1) have been adhered to each other.

33. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that At least two layers of the cover element (1), and / or the damping layer (5), the carrier plate (6), the stabilization layer (4), the reaction element (15) and / or the upper layer structure (3) have been pressed together to form a laminate.

34. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that At least one layer of the covering element is treated.

35. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that At least one layer of the covering element is treated with melamine resin.

36. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that At least one layer of the covering element is completely processed.

37. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that At least one layer of the superstructure (3) and / or the reaction element (15) is treated.

38. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that At least one layer of the upper layer structure (3) and / or the reaction element (15) is treated with melamine resin.

39. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that At least one layer of the superstructure (3) and / or the reaction element (15) is completely processed.

40. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that All layers of the covering element (1) have been adhered to each other.

41. The covering element according to claim 32, characterized in that The carrier plate (6), the stabilizing layer (4) and the damping layer (5) are adhered to each other.

Images