Metasurface antenna beam control structure
By loading multiple near-field phase-transformed electromagnetic metamaterial surfaces on the antenna aperture surface, independent beam scanning of pitch angle and azimuth angle is achieved, solving the problems of high beam control costs and complex mechanisms in the prior art, and achieving low cost , low power consumption and high spatial adaptability beam control effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202323628289.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-28
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-12-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing beam-controlled antennas are costly and complex in large-scale commercial applications, especially in high-speed wireless communications and biomedical applications. Phased array antennas increase costs due to the need for a large number of T/R components and high gain design at high frequencies. Due to the feed loss of the array, the inclination and rotation mechanism of the mechanical scanning antenna are complex and difficult to conform.
Using multiple near-field phase-transformed electromagnetic metamaterial surfaces that rotate synchronously or independently, independent beam scanning of pitch angles and azimuth angles is achieved through the first phase gradient metasurface and the second phase gradient metasurface, using pure metal materials and simple support. and rotary structure reduces dependence on T/R components and reduces cost and power consumption.
The beam scanning with low cost, small size and simple rotation mechanism is realized, which reduces costs, reduces power consumption, improves space adaptability and power capacity, and avoids complex rotation mechanisms and high loss problems.
Smart Images
Figure CN222233869U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a super-surface antenna beam control structure. Background Art
[0002] A beam steering antenna is an antenna that can control the direction of the beam and achieve one-dimensional or two-dimensional beam scanning. The current mainstream beam steering method is to use phased array antennas or mechanical scanning.
[0003] Phased array antennas control the amplitude and phase of the signals transmitted by each unit or sub-channel of the antenna array through a beam control system, change the aperture illumination function of the array antenna, and form a specific beam shape and rapid beam scanning in a predetermined airspace. This method loads T / R components at the RF end, converts the RF signal to a baseband signal, and then uses circuit methods to control the phase of the feed end signal. It has the advantages of flexible beams and excellent radiation performance. However, since phased array antennas need to be loaded with a large number of T / R components, this solution is still a very expensive and complex solution for large-scale commercial applications such as high-speed wireless communication systems, driver assistance systems, biomedical applications, etc. TR components and RF chips often account for more than 52% of the cost, and cost issues have become the main obstacle to the large-scale commercial application of phased array antennas. And at higher frequencies, high-gain phased array designs are limited by the array's feed loss;
[0004] Traditional mechanical scanning antennas are mainly used in antenna systems such as parabolic antennas. They rotate and tilt the antennas through motors, and the antennas have excellent electrical performance. However, their tilt and rotation mechanisms are complex, the rotation motors are expensive, and they are difficult to conform to the carrier, so their application scenarios are limited. Utility Model Content
[0005] In view of this, the utility model provides a metasurface antenna beam control structure, which can realize independent beam scanning of pitch angle and azimuth angle by synchronously or independently rotating multiple near-field phase-changing electromagnetic metamaterial surfaces loaded on the antenna aperture surface. The beam control method has low cost, small size, simple rotation mechanism and large power capacity.
[0006] The utility model provides a metasurface antenna beam control structure, comprising a first phase gradient metasurface, a second phase gradient metasurface, a supporting device, and a rotating device, wherein the second phase gradient metasurface is arranged on the supporting device, the first phase gradient metasurface is arranged on the second phase gradient metasurface, and the rotating device is connected to the first phase gradient metasurface and the second phase gradient metasurface, and can drive the first phase gradient metasurface and the second phase gradient metasurface to rotate.
[0007] Furthermore, the first phase gradient metasurface and the second phase gradient metasurface are arranged in parallel and facing each other, the first phase gradient metasurface includes multiple layers of identical first dielectric plates, the second phase gradient metasurface includes multiple layers of identical second dielectric plates, the first dielectric plate includes at least a plurality of first phase shifting units, and the second dielectric plate includes at least a plurality of second phase shifting units.
[0008] Furthermore, the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are both metal discs with the same thickness, and the diameter is the same as the diameter of the feed source. A plurality of the first dielectric plates are arranged in parallel and concentrically, and a plurality of the second dielectric plates are arranged in parallel and concentrically.
[0009] Furthermore, the first phase shift unit and the second phase shift unit are both formed by two I-shaped vertical intersections, a plurality of the first phase shift units are arranged in a rectangular array on the first dielectric plate, and a plurality of the second phase shift units are arranged in a rectangular array on the second dielectric plate.
[0010] Furthermore, the arrangement directions of the plurality of first phase shifting units on a single-layer first dielectric plate are all the same, and the arrangement directions of the first phase shifting units on multiple layers of the first dielectric plates are all the same; the arrangement directions of the plurality of second phase shifting units on a single-layer second dielectric plate are not completely the same, and the arrangement directions of the second phase shifting units on multiple layers of the second dielectric plates are all the same.
[0011] Furthermore, the supporting device includes a supporting frame and a large pulley, the second phase gradient metasurface is arranged on the supporting frame, the large pulley includes a first large pulley and a second large pulley, the first large pulley is connected to the outer edge of the first dielectric plate, and the second large pulley is connected to the outer edge of the second dielectric plate.
[0012] Furthermore, the support frame includes a support plate and a guardrail, the guardrail is vertically arranged along a portion of the inner edge of the support plate, and an extension plate is provided on the top of the guardrail, and the extension plate extends vertically from the top of the guardrail to the inside of the support device.
[0013] Furthermore, the rotating device includes a driving base, a first synchronous belt, a first rotating mechanism, a second synchronous belt, and a second rotating mechanism, the first synchronous belt is sleeved on the first large pulley and the first rotating mechanism, the second synchronous belt is sleeved on the second large pulley and the second rotating mechanism, the second rotating mechanism is installed on the driving base, and the first rotating mechanism is installed on the driving base through the second rotating mechanism.
[0014] Furthermore, the first rotating mechanism includes a first bearing, a first motor, and a first rotating shaft, the first motor is connected to the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is connected to the first bearing, and the first synchronous belt is sleeved on the first bearing.
[0015] Furthermore, the second rotating mechanism includes a second bearing, a second motor, and a second rotating shaft, the second motor is connected to the second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is connected to the second bearing, the second synchronous belt is sleeved on the second bearing, the second rotating shaft is a hollow rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft passes through the second rotating shaft and is connected to the first motor.
[0016] Compared with the existing technology, the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:
[0017] The utility model provides a metasurface antenna beam control structure, which can realize independent beam scanning of pitch angle and azimuth angle by synchronously or independently rotating a first phase gradient metasurface and a second phase gradient metasurface loaded on an antenna aperture surface. The solution adopts electromagnetic metamaterials for beam control and does not use T / R components, and the cost is greatly reduced compared with a phased array. The electromagnetic metamaterial loaded on the antenna aperture surface only needs to be axially rotated, and can be driven by a small motor, with low power consumption and simple structure. The adopted electromagnetic metamaterial is a pure metal material, the required support and rotation structure are simple, the beam control part is light in weight, low in loss, large in power capacity, and good in spatial adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of a metasurface antenna beam control structure of the utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 An exploded diagram of a metasurface antenna beam control structure of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first phase shifting unit on the single-layer first dielectric plate in the utility model;
[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the second phase shifting unit on the single-layer second dielectric plate in the utility model;
[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rotation and coordinates of the first phase gradient metasurface and the second phase gradient metasurface in the present invention;
[0023] Figure 6 To keep the second phase gradient metasurface stationary, the antenna pattern when the first phase gradient metasurface is rotated from 0° to 180°.
[0024] Among them: 10-first phase gradient metasurface; 11-first dielectric plate; 111-first phase shifting unit; 20-second phase gradient metasurface; 21-second dielectric plate; 211-second phase shifting unit; 30-support device; 31-support frame; 311-support plate; 312-guardrail; 313-extension plate; 32-large pulley; 321-first large pulley; 322-second large pulley; 40-rotating device; 41-driving base; 42-first synchronous belt; 43-first rotating mechanism; 431-first bearing; 432-first motor; 433-first rotating shaft; 44-second synchronous belt; 45-second rotating mechanism; 451-second bearing; 452-second motor; 453-second rotating shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The following is a further detailed description of the specific implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated in the description is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the referred parts or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0027] See also Figure 1 The utility model provides a metasurface antenna beam control structure, including a first phase gradient metasurface 10, a second phase gradient metasurface 20, a supporting device 30, and a rotating device 40, wherein the second phase gradient metasurface 20 is arranged on the supporting device 30, the first phase gradient metasurface 10 is arranged on the second phase gradient metasurface 20, and the rotating device 40 is connected to the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20, and can drive the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 to rotate. The utility model can realize independent beam scanning of the pitch angle and the azimuth angle by synchronously or independently rotating two near-field phase transformation electromagnetic metamaterial surfaces loaded on the antenna aperture surface. The beam control method has low cost, small size, simple rotation mechanism, and large power capacity.
[0028] Please also read Figure 2-4The first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 are arranged in parallel and facing each other. The first phase gradient metasurface 10 includes multiple identical first dielectric plates 11, and the multiple first dielectric plates 11 are arranged in parallel and concentrically. The first dielectric plate 11 includes at least multiple first phase shifting units 111, and the multiple first phase shifting units 111 are arranged in a rectangular array on the first dielectric plate 11; the second phase gradient metasurface 20 includes multiple identical second dielectric plates 21, and the multiple second dielectric plates 21 are arranged in a parallel and concentric manner. The second dielectric plate 21 includes at least multiple second phase shifting units 211, and the multiple second phase shifting units 211 are arranged in a rectangular array on the second dielectric plate 21. The first dielectric plate 11 and the second dielectric plate 21 are both metal discs with the same thickness, and the caliber is the same as that of the feed antenna. The first phase shifting unit 111 and the second phase shifting unit 211 are both formed by two I-shaped vertical intersections. It should be noted that the number of layers of the first dielectric plate 11 and the second dielectric plate 21 is not limited and can be adjusted according to actual needs. In the present embodiment, the first dielectric plate 11 and the second dielectric plate 21 are both provided with four layers, and the structures of the four layers of the first dielectric plates 11 are the same, and the structures of the four layers of the second dielectric plates 21 are also the same; in addition, regarding other components on the first dielectric plate 11 and the second dielectric plate 21 that cooperate with the first phase shifting unit 111 and the second phase shifting unit 211 to realize antenna beam scanning, please refer to the prior art and no additional explanation will be given here.
[0029] Specifically, the arrangement directions of the plurality of first phase shifting units 111 on the single-layer first dielectric plate 11 are the same, that is, the orientations of the branch structures of each first phase shifting unit 111 on the single-layer first dielectric plate 11 are the same; the arrangement directions of the first phase shifting units 111 on the multi-layer first dielectric plates 11 are also the same, that is, the arrangement positions and orientations of the branch structures of the first phase shifting units 111 on the multi-layer first dielectric plates 11 are the same, so that the first phase shifting units 111 in each column have the same phase for the transmitted electromagnetic wave;
[0030] Furthermore, the arrangement directions of the plurality of second phase shifting units 211 on the single-layer second dielectric plate 21 are not completely the same, that is, the orientations of the branch structures of each second phase shifting unit 211 on the single-layer second dielectric plate 21 are not completely the same; but the arrangement directions of the second phase shifting units 211 on the multi-layer second dielectric plates 21 are the same, that is, the arrangement positions and orientations of the branch structures of the second phase shifting units 211 on the multi-layer second dielectric plates 21 are the same, so that the radiation of the feed antenna is corrected to an approximately uniform plane wave.
[0031] Please refer to Figure 2The supporting device 30 includes a supporting frame 31 and a large pulley 32. The second phase gradient metasurface 20 is arranged on the supporting frame 31. The large pulley 32 includes a first large pulley 321 and a second large pulley 322. The first large pulley 321 is connected to the outer edge of the multi-layer first dielectric plate 11, and can simultaneously drive the multi-layer first dielectric plate 11 to realize forward rotation and reverse rotation functions; the second large pulley 322 is connected to the outer edge of the multi-layer second dielectric plate 21, and can simultaneously drive the multi-layer second dielectric plate 21 to realize forward rotation and reverse rotation functions; the supporting frame 31 includes a supporting plate 311 and a guardrail 312. The guardrail 312 is vertically arranged along a part of the inner edge of the supporting plate 311, and an extension plate 313 is provided on the top of the guardrail 312. The extension plate 313 extends vertically from the top of the guardrail 312 to the inside of the supporting device 30. The support plate 311 plays the role of bottom support, the guardrail 312 can provide structural support for the large pulley 32, and can prevent the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 from moving out of the support plate 311 during rotation, and the extension plate 313 further stabilizes the rotation of the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20. In order to reduce the friction between the guardrail 30 and the large pulley 32 and improve the structural strength, the entire support device 30 is made of polyoxymethylene (POM).
[0032] Furthermore, the rotating device 40 includes a driving base 41, a first synchronous belt 42, a first rotating mechanism 43, a second synchronous belt 44, and a second rotating mechanism 45. The first synchronous belt 42 is sleeved on the first large pulley 321 and the first rotating mechanism 43, the second synchronous belt 44 is sleeved on the second large pulley 322 and the second rotating mechanism 45, the second rotating mechanism 45 is installed on the driving base 41, and the first rotating mechanism 43 is installed on the driving base 41 through the second rotating mechanism 45. The driving base 41 mainly provides structural support and installation mechanical interface for the first rotating mechanism 43 and the second rotating mechanism 45. Under the drive of the first rotating mechanism 43, the first synchronous belt 42 can drive the first phase gradient metasurface 10 to rotate. Similarly, under the drive of the second rotating mechanism 45, the second synchronous belt 44 can drive the second phase gradient metasurface 20 to rotate. The driving base 41 is made of aluminum alloy.
[0033] Specifically, the first rotating mechanism 43 includes a first bearing 431, a first motor 432, and a first rotating shaft 433. The first motor 432 is connected to the first rotating shaft 433, the first rotating shaft 433 is connected to the first bearing 431, and the first synchronous belt 42 is sleeved on the first bearing 431. The second rotating mechanism 45 includes a second bearing 451, a second motor 452, and a second rotating shaft 453. The second motor 452 is connected to the second rotating shaft 453, the second rotating shaft 453 is connected to the second bearing 451, the second synchronous belt 44 is sleeved on the second bearing 451, the second rotating shaft 453 is a hollow rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft 433 passes through the second rotating shaft 453 and is connected to the first motor 432. By driving the first motor 432 and the second motor 452, the first rotating mechanism 43 and the second rotating mechanism 45 can independently rotate forward, reverse and remain stationary. Due to the fit between the first rotating shaft 433 and the second rotating shaft 453, the first rotating mechanism 43 and the second rotating mechanism 45 can rotate coaxially while reducing the size of the mechanism. The first rotating shaft 433 and the second rotating shaft 453 are made of stainless steel.
[0034] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 The utility model provides a metasurface antenna beam control structure, and the control method thereof is specifically as follows:
[0035] The first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 need to introduce a linear phase difference to the near field to deflect the beam. Since the phase distribution of a general feed antenna is non-uniform in its aperture, the second phase gradient metasurface 20 of the lower layer needs to correct the feed antenna to an approximately uniform plane wave in addition to introducing a linear phase difference.
[0036] The first phase gradient metasurface 10 is composed of a plurality of first phase shifting units 111 forming a two-dimensional array, which can also be understood as being composed of a plurality of one-dimensional arrays, wherein each one-dimensional array is composed of a plurality of adjacent first phase shifting units 111 with equal phase differences. The phase difference of adjacent first phase shifting units 111 is:
[0037] Δδ = dk0 sin(τ)
[0038] Where d is the element spacing, k0 is the wave number, and τ is the desired beam pointing angle.
[0039] By adjusting the branch structure of the first phase shifter 111, the phase difference introduced by the first phase shifter 111 can be changed. The branch structure of each first phase shifter 111 in the one-dimensional array is adjusted to make the phase difference between each first phase shifter 111 equal. Then the one-dimensional array is expanded into two dimensions to match the aperture plane of the feed antenna.
[0040] Since the radiation of the feed antenna needs to be corrected to an approximately uniform plane wave, the arrangement of the second phase gradient metasurface 20 is no longer the same as the first phase gradient metasurface 10. In order to take into account phase correction, the second phase shifter 211 needs to adjust its structure and rotation angle according to the phase distribution of the feed antenna radiation aperture to compensate for the phase difference of the feed radiation. During the design, a phase observation surface equivalent to the antenna aperture is simulated and divided into square grids of equal size to obtain the initial phase distribution of the feed. The phase of the grid located in the region (x, y) is recorded as θ0 (x, y), and the phase to be achieved is recorded as θout. In fact, the phase difference Δθ(x, y)=θout–θ0(x, y) required to be inserted into the unit in the region is required. Then, according to the needs, the branch structure of each second phase shifter 211 or its rotation angle in the array is adjusted so that the phase difference of each one-dimensional array in the array is equal after compensating the feed phase difference.
[0041] See also Figure 5 , by rotating the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 along the central axis, the beam deflection of the antenna can be achieved. When one of the phase gradient metasurfaces rotates while the other remains stationary, the pitch angle and azimuth angle of the antenna beam can be changed simultaneously. When the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 rotate synchronously in the same direction at the same angular velocity, the azimuth angle of the antenna beam can be changed, while the pitch angle remains unchanged. When the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 rotate synchronously in the opposite direction at the same angular velocity, the pitch angle of the antenna beam can be changed, while the azimuth angle remains unchanged.
[0042] See also Figure 6 , is an example of a near-field phase transformation metasurface and a feed antenna working at a frequency f0, where the antenna beam loaded with the near-field phase transformation metasurface can scan from 0° to 30°.
[0043] The first phase gradient metasurface 10 is composed of 4 layers of first dielectric plates 11, and the interlayer spacing of the 4 layers is λ0 / 6. Each layer of the first dielectric plate 11 is composed of a two-dimensional array of first phase shifting units 111. The length and width of the branches of the first phase shifting units 111 are adjusted to make the phase difference between the columns consistent. The second phase gradient metasurface 20 is composed of 4 layers of second dielectric plates 21, and the interlayer spacing of the 4 layers is λ0 / 6. Each layer of the second dielectric plate 21 is composed of a two-dimensional array of second phase shifting units 211. The length and width of the branches of the second phase shifting units 211 are adjusted to make the phase difference between the columns consistent. At the same time, in order to compensate for the phase distribution of the feed antenna, the second phase shifting units 211 in certain areas are rotated so that the phase after reaching the metasurface within the aperture of the feed antenna is approximately a uniform plane wave. The spacing between the first phase gradient metasurface 10 and the second phase gradient metasurface 20 is λ0 / 4.
[0044] From the above description, it can be known that a metasurface antenna beam control structure provided by the utility model can realize independent beam scanning of the pitch angle and azimuth angle by synchronously or independently rotating the first phase gradient metasurface and the second phase gradient metasurface loaded on the antenna aperture surface. This scheme uses electromagnetic metamaterials for beam control and does not use T / R components, and the cost is greatly reduced compared to the phased array; it only needs to axially rotate the electromagnetic metamaterial loaded on the antenna aperture surface, and it can be driven by a small motor, with low power consumption and simple structure; the electromagnetic metamaterial used is pure metal material, the required support and rotation structure are simple, the beam control part is light in weight, low in loss, large in power capacity, and good in spatial adaptability.
[0045] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes using the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A metasurface antenna beam control structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first phase gradient metasurface (10), a second phase gradient metasurface (20), a supporting device (30), and a rotating device (40), wherein the second phase gradient metasurface (20) is arranged on the supporting device (30), the first phase gradient metasurface (10) is arranged on the second phase gradient metasurface (20), and the rotating device (40) is connected to the first phase gradient metasurface (10) and the second phase gradient metasurface (20), and can drive the first phase gradient metasurface (10) and the second phase gradient metasurface (20) to rotate.
2. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first phase gradient metasurface (10) and the second phase gradient metasurface (20) are arranged in parallel and facing each other, the first phase gradient metasurface (10) comprises multiple layers of identical first dielectric plates (11), the second phase gradient metasurface (20) comprises multiple layers of identical second dielectric plates (21), the first dielectric plates (11) comprise at least a plurality of first phase shifting units (111), and the second dielectric plates (21) comprise at least a plurality of second phase shifting units (211).
3. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first dielectric plate (11) and the second dielectric plate (21) are both metal discs of the same thickness, and have an aperture that is the same as that of the feed antenna; multiple layers of the first dielectric plates (11) are arranged in parallel and concentrically, and multiple layers of the second dielectric plates (21) are arranged in parallel and concentrically.
4. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first phase shift unit (111) and the second phase shift unit (211) are both formed by two I-shaped vertically crossed ones, a plurality of the first phase shift units (111) are arranged in a rectangular array on the first dielectric plate (11), and a plurality of the second phase shift units (211) are arranged in a rectangular array on the second dielectric plate (21).
5. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The arrangement directions of the plurality of first phase shifting units (111) on a single-layer first dielectric plate (11) are all the same, and the arrangement directions of the first phase shifting units (111) on multiple layers of the first dielectric plate (11) are all the same; the arrangement directions of the plurality of second phase shifting units (211) on a single-layer second dielectric plate (21) are not completely the same, and the arrangement directions of the second phase shifting units (211) on multiple layers of the second dielectric plate (21) are all the same.
6. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support device (30) comprises a support frame (31) and a large pulley (32); the second phase gradient metasurface (20) is arranged on the support frame (31); the large pulley (32) comprises a first large pulley (321) and a second large pulley (322); the first large pulley (321) is connected to the outer edge of the first dielectric plate (11); and the second large pulley (322) is connected to the outer edge of the second dielectric plate (21).
7. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support frame (31) comprises a support plate (311) and a guardrail (312); the guardrail (312) is vertically arranged along a portion of the inner edge of the support plate (311); an extension plate (313) is provided on the top of the guardrail (312); the extension plate (313) extends vertically from the top of the guardrail (312) toward the inside of the support device (30).
8. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating device (40) comprises a driving base (41), a first synchronous belt (42), a first rotating mechanism (43), a second synchronous belt (44), and a second rotating mechanism (45); the first synchronous belt (42) is sleeved on the first large pulley (321) and the first rotating mechanism (43); the second synchronous belt (44) is sleeved on the second large pulley (322) and the second rotating mechanism (45); the second rotating mechanism (45) is mounted on the driving base (41); and the first rotating mechanism (43) is mounted on the driving base (41) through the second rotating mechanism (45).
9. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first rotating mechanism (43) comprises a first bearing (431), a first motor (432), and a first rotating shaft (433); the first motor (432) is connected to the first rotating shaft (433); the first rotating shaft (433) is connected to the first bearing (431); and the first synchronous belt (42) is sleeved on the first bearing (431).
10. The metasurface antenna beam control structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second rotating mechanism (45) comprises a second bearing (451), a second motor (452), and a second rotating shaft (453); the second motor (452) is connected to the second rotating shaft (453); the second rotating shaft (453) is connected to the second bearing (451); the second synchronous belt (44) is sleeved on the second bearing (451); the second rotating shaft (453) is a hollow rotating shaft; the first rotating shaft (433) passes through the second rotating shaft (453) and is connected to the first motor (432).