Communication interface, transmission wire rod, functional module and electronic equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of information transmission, and discloses a communication interface, a transmission wire rod, a function module and electronic equipment, the communication interface is obtained by redefining part of pins in a universal serial bus (USB) Type-C interface, and the communication interface is characterized in that four VBUS pins in the USB Type-C interface are configured to input a first voltage; the two SBUS pins are configured to input a second voltage, and the first voltage is greater than the second voltage; the two CC pins are configured as signal detection ends; and the two D + pins and the two D-pins are respectively configured as a serial port transmitting end and a serial port receiving end. By redefining the pins of the USB Type-C interface, the expansion of interface functions, such as data two-way transmission, support of different power supplies and the like, can be realized, so that the application scene of the communication interface is increased, and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of information transmission technology, and in particular to a communication interface, a transmission cable, a functional module, an electronic device and a control method. Background Art

[0002] In order to facilitate product iteration and update or convenient maintenance, more and more equipment is now using modular design. For example, for robots, the main control box and the sensors are two separate functional modules, so an interface is needed to connect the two for communication. The current interface generally uses an engineering interface, such as a plastic port, and the communication interface is generally a three-wire single-wire protocol or a four-wire serial port UART. When using this interface communication, there are often the following problems: First, the number of pins on the interface is not enough, there are only 3 to 4 PINs, and usually only one power supply is supported; second, the engineering interface generally has wires that are easy to fall off, the pins are easy to deform, and cannot be repeatedly plugged in and out; third, when the communication protocol of the interface is single-wire, the transmission and reception cannot be synchronized, resulting in untimely data processing and easy data loss; fourth, when the engineering interface is used, the wire of the interface cannot be shielded, and when the wire length exceeds a certain amount, the signal quality is affected, and data is easily lost. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication interface, a transmission line, a functional module, an electronic device and a control method.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication interface, which is obtained by redefining some pins in a universal serial bus USB Type-C interface, including:

[0005] The four VBUS pins in the USB Type-C interface are configured to input a first voltage; the two SBUS pins are configured to input a second voltage, wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage; the two CC pins are configured as signal detection terminals; the two D+ pins and the two D- pins are configured as serial port transmitting terminals and serial port receiving terminals, respectively.

[0006] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transmission wire, at least one end of which is provided with the above-mentioned communication interface.

[0007] In some embodiments, the other end of the transmission cable includes one or more combinations of the communication interface, USB2.0 interface, USB3.0 interface, USB Type-A interface, USB Type-B interface, USB Type-C interface, and Lightning interface.

[0008] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a functional module, including: a controller and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit includes the above-mentioned communication interface, and the communication interface is used to realize the connection between the functional module and an external device;

[0009] Among them, the four VBUS pins in the communication interface are connected in parallel and used to access the first voltage, and the two SBUS pins are connected in parallel and used to access the second voltage; the signal detection end, the serial port sending end and the serial port receiving end in the communication interface are all connected to the controller.

[0010] The controller is used to determine the access status of the external device by detecting the level of the signal detection end; and to realize bidirectional data transmission between the functional module and the external device by controlling the serial port transmitting end and the serial port receiving end.

[0011] In some embodiments, when the functional module serves as a master device, the functional module is used to output the first voltage and the second voltage to the connected external device through the communication interface;

[0012] When the functional module acts as a slave device, the functional module is used to obtain the first voltage and the second voltage from the connected external device through the communication interface.

[0013] In some embodiments, the interface circuit further includes a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor;

[0014] The first filter capacitor and the second filter capacitor are used to filter the first voltage and the second voltage input into the communication interface respectively.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: a main control box and a preset number of peripherals, wherein the main control box and each of the peripherals are implemented using the above-mentioned functional modules;

[0016] The main control box includes a main controller and at least one communication interface, and each peripheral device includes a slave controller and at least one communication interface; the main control box and the peripheral devices, as well as different peripheral devices, communicate via the communication interfaces.

[0017] In some embodiments, the electronic device is a robot system, and the peripheral device includes at least one of a sensor, a servo, and a motor.

[0018] In some embodiments, the sensor includes one or more combinations of a distance detection sensor, a touch sensor, a torque sensor, and a visual sensor.

[0019] In some embodiments, some peripherals in the electronic device are arranged in a cascade manner.

[0020] The embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present application proposes a communication interface, which is obtained by redefining some pins in the USB Type-C interface of the universal serial bus, including: four VBUS pins in the USB Type-C interface are configured to input a first voltage; two SBUS pins are configured to input a second voltage, the first voltage is greater than the second voltage; two CC pins are configured as signal detection terminals; two D+ pins and two D- pins are configured as serial port transmitting terminals and serial port receiving terminals respectively. By redefining the pins of the USB Type-C interface, the function of the interface can be expanded, such as realizing bidirectional data transmission based on a two-wire serial port, supporting high and low power supply voltages, etc., which can greatly increase the applicable scenarios of the communication interface and realize interface compatibility with different modules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 The pin definition of the 24-pin USB Type-C interface is shown;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing pin definitions of the communication interface of Example 1 of the present application is shown;

[0025] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of a functional module of Embodiment 3 of the present application is shown;

[0026] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of an interface circuit in a functional module of Embodiment 3 of the present application is shown;

[0027] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of an electronic device according to Embodiment 4 of the present application is shown;

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing an electronic device including a cascade structure according to Embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 A first flow chart of a communication control method of an electronic device according to Embodiment 5 of the present application is shown;

[0030] Figure 8 A second flow chart of the communication control method of the electronic device according to the fifth embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0031] Description of main component symbols:

[0032] 10-functional module; 20-electronic equipment; 100-communication interface; 110-controller; 120-interface circuit;

[0033] DET-signal detection end; UART TX-serial port transmitting end; UART RX-serial port receiving end; VCC1-first voltage; VCC2-second voltage; 101-main control box; 102-peripheral; 111-master controller; 112-slave controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0035] The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Hereinafter, the terms "including", "having" and their cognates that can be used in various embodiments of the present application are intended only to indicate specific features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or a combination of the foregoing items, and should not be understood as first excluding the existence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or a combination of the foregoing items or increasing the possibility of one or more features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or a combination of the foregoing items. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used to distinguish descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the various embodiments of the present application belong. The terms (such as those defined in generally used dictionaries) will be interpreted as having the same meanings as the contextual meanings in the relevant technical field and will not be interpreted as having idealized meanings or overly formal meanings unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0038] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0039] The existing modular design interfaces use engineering interfaces, etc., which have problems such as inconvenient user operation, reliability, and limited number of pins. For this reason, the present application proposes a new communication interface 100, which is obtained by redefining some pins in the universal serial bus USB Type-C interface, thereby realizing the functional expansion of the USB Type-C interface, and can effectively solve various problems of the existing modular connection interface.

[0040] In order to more conveniently understand the communication interface 100 in the present application, a commonly used universal serial bus USB Type-C interface is briefly introduced here. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it is a typical 24-pin pin definition of the universal serial bus USB Type-C interface. It can be understood from the central symmetrical pin distribution that the USB Type-C interface is an interface that supports insertion from both sides. It also supports the USB PD (Power Delivery) charging protocol interface, and has a higher transmission rate. It can be applied to various devices and has a wide range of applications.

[0041] Based on the above-mentioned USB Type-C interface, the structure of the communication interface 100 is described below in conjunction with some specific embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] For example, Figure 2 As shown, the present application proposes a new communication interface 100, which redefines the functions of some pins in the above-mentioned USB Type-C interface, specifically including: the four VBUS pins (i.e., pins A4, B4, A9, and B9) in the USB Type-C interface are all configured to input a first voltage VCC1; the two SBUS pins (i.e., A8, B8) are configured to input a second voltage VCC2, wherein the first voltage VCC1 is greater than the second voltage VCC2. The two CC pins (i.e., A5, B5) are configured as signal detection terminals DET; the two D+ pins (i.e., A6, B6) and the two D- pins (i.e., A7, B7) are respectively configured as the serial port transmitting terminal UART TX and the serial port receiving terminal UART RX.

[0044] It can be understood that the pin for inputting the first voltage VCC1 will be redefined as a high-voltage power pin, and the pin for inputting the second voltage VCC2 will be redefined as a low-voltage power pin. In other words, the new communication interface 100 will be able to provide two different sizes of power supplies to achieve high and low voltage separation. On the one hand, it is safer. On the other hand, the unified communication interface 100 can greatly improve the compatibility of the functional module serving as the main device, especially multiple different types of functional modules can be connected, so there is no need to set different communication interfaces for peripherals with different power supply types.

[0045] For example, similar to a motor module, its power supply voltage is usually around 12V or 24V, while similar to a camera, storage module, voice module, etc., its power supply voltage is usually around 5V. In this case, the above-mentioned communication interface 100 can be used for connection.

[0046] Furthermore, the USB Type-C interface itself supports the connection of external devices. In this application, the two CC pins are used as signal detection pins to determine the access status of external devices, thereby achieving further access to the connected peripherals. As an optional solution, the communication interface 100 can also meet the cascading requirements of multiple peripherals.

[0047] In addition, by using two pairs of D+ and D- pins as a set of two-wire serial ports for data transmission, full-duplex synchronous communication can also be achieved, that is, data can be received and sent at the same time to achieve the purpose of timely data processing, which can better meet the needs of efficient data processing.

[0048] The communication interface 100 of this embodiment redefines the functions of some pins of the current mainstream USB Type-C interface, including realizing high and low voltage separation, bidirectional data transmission of a two-wire serial port, and peripheral access detection, etc. In addition, combined with the original functions of the USB Type-C interface, it is used in scenarios such as robots to replace the original engineering interface, which can well solve the problems of the existing engineering interface, such as reliability, limited number of pins, inability to meet cascading requirements, inability to transmit and receive synchronously, and inability to shield the wires.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Based on the communication interface 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the present application further proposes a transmission wire. It can be understood that the transmission wire can be used to connect and transmit data between at least two different functional modules 10 supporting the above-mentioned communication interface 100.

[0051] Exemplarily, at least one end of the transmission cable is provided with the communication interface 100 in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, and the other end can also be the above-mentioned communication interface 100, or other interfaces, such as USB2.0 / 3.0 interface, USB Type-A / B / C interface, Lightning interface, etc., similar to a one-to-one conversion cable or a one-to-many adapter cable, which is not limited here.

[0052] It can be understood that since the communication interface 100 is improved based on the USB Type-C interface, the transmission cable can use the cable design of the USB Type-C interface. For example, the interference signal can be shielded through the cable shielding design, thereby extending the length of the cable while protecting the signal quality.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Based on the communication interface 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the present application also proposes a functional module 10. It can be understood that the functional module 10 refers to a functional module provided with the above-mentioned new communication interface 100, which can be used as a master device or a slave device to connect other devices. For example, when the functional module 10 is a motor / servo module, it can be connected to the main control box 101 of the robot through the communication interface 100. Alternatively, when the functional module 10 is the main control box 101 of the robot, various peripherals 102 can be connected. It can be understood that the form and function of the functional module 10 are not limited here, as long as it supports the above-mentioned communication interface 100.

[0055] For example, Figure 3 As shown, the functional module 10 includes: a controller 110 and an interface circuit 120, wherein the interface circuit 120 includes the communication interface 100 in the above-mentioned embodiment 1. It can be understood that the communication interface 100 is used to realize the connection between the functional module 10 and the external device, and then realize data transmission between the two.

[0056] Specifically, the four VBUS pins of the communication interface 100 in the functional module 10 are connected in parallel and used to access the first voltage VCC1, and the two SBUS pins are connected in parallel and used to access the second voltage VCC2, wherein the voltage of VCC1 is greater than that of VCC2. In addition, the redefined signal detection terminal DET (i.e., A5, B5), the serial port transmitting terminal UART TX (i.e., A6, B6) and the serial port receiving terminal UART RX (i.e., A7, B7) are all connected to the controller 110 in the functional module 10.

[0057] When an external device needs to be connected to the functional module 10, exemplarily, the controller 110 determines the access status of the external device by detecting the level of the signal detection terminal DET (i.e., A5, B5). For example, if it is detected that the level of the signal detection terminal DET is pulled low, it can be determined that the external device has been connected to the functional module 10, otherwise it is determined that it has not been connected. Furthermore, after access, if data transmission is required, as a preferred solution, the controller 110 can realize bidirectional data transmission between the functional module 10 and the external device by controlling the two signal lines of the serial port transmitting terminal UART TX and the serial port receiving terminal UART RX, thereby improving data transmission efficiency. Optionally, after determining access, the signal detection terminal DET can also be reused to realize other functions such as fast charging, that is, to realize some existing protocols of the USB Type-C interface, which are not limited here.

[0058] It is worth noting that the functional module 10 in the present application can be used as a master device, that is, it can control the connected external device, or as a slave device, that is, a controlled device that can receive instructions from the connected master device and respond accordingly. For example, when used as a master device, it can be a main control box 101 in a robot, etc.; when used as a slave device, it can be a peripheral device 102 in a robot, such as a joint servo, motor, sensor, display, etc. Alternatively, when used as a master device, it can be a computer host; when used as a slave device, it can be a USB flash drive or mobile hard disk that needs to be connected to a computer. Alternatively, when used as a master device, it can be a laptop computer; when used as a slave device, it can be a mobile terminal that needs to be connected to a laptop computer, such as a mobile phone, a tablet, etc., through which the communication interface 100 can be used to draw power from the laptop computer for charging, and can also perform two-way data transmission, etc.

[0059] It can be understood that when the functional module 10 acts as a master device, the functional module 10 is used to output the first voltage VCC1 and the second voltage VCC2 to the connected external device through the communication interface 100; that is, the master device can supply power to the external device through the communication interface 100. When the functional module 10 acts as a slave device, the functional module 10 is used to obtain VCC1 and the second voltage VCC2 from the connected external device through the communication interface 100, that is, the slave device itself may not have a power supply, and can obtain power from the connected external device through the communication interface 100.

[0060] As an optional solution, the interface circuit 120 further includes a first filter capacitor C1 and a second filter capacitor C2. Figure 4As shown, the first filter capacitor C1 is provided between the first voltage VCC1 and the four VBUS pins, and is used to filter the first voltage VCC1 input to the communication interface 100; similarly, the second filter capacitor C2 is provided between the first voltage VCC1 and the two SBUS pins, and is used to filter the second voltage VCC2, thereby stabilizing the voltage input to the communication interface 100. It can be understood that the number of the first filter capacitor C1 and the second filter capacitor C2 here is not limited to one, for example, it can be composed of multiple capacitors in parallel, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] Based on the functional module 10 of the above-mentioned embodiment 3, the present application also proposes an electronic device 20. For example, the electronic device 20 may include but is not limited to various types of robot systems, such as industrial robots, educational robots, medical robots, accompanying robots, etc. In addition, the electronic device 20 may also be a vehicle that includes a variety of peripherals 102 to achieve intelligent driving, etc. In other words, the present application does not limit the formal structure of the electronic device 20.

[0063] Exemplarily, the electronic device 20 includes: a main control box 101 and a preset number of peripherals 102, wherein the main control box 101 and each peripheral 102 are implemented using the structure of the functional module 10 of the above-mentioned embodiment 3. It can be understood that the preset number here can be determined according to actual needs and can be one or more. The electronic device 20 refers to a system device that includes a master device and one or more slave devices at the same time, such as a robot system.

[0064] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the main control box 101 includes a main controller 111 and at least one communication interface 100. When there are multiple communication interfaces 100, they can be used to connect multiple peripherals 102. Each peripheral 102 includes a slave controller 112 and at least one communication interface 100. When there are multiple communication interfaces 100, in addition to being used to connect the main control box 101, they can also be used to cascade with other peripherals 102, such as Figure 6 That is to say, the main control box 101 and the peripheral device 102, as well as different peripheral devices 102, can communicate with each other through the communication interface 100 in this application.

[0065] For example, the above peripherals 102 may include but are not limited to at least one of a sensor, a steering gear, a motor, etc. Specifically, the sensor may include one or more combinations of a distance detection sensor, a touch sensor, a torque sensor, a visual sensor, etc. Further, the distance detection sensor may be an infrared sensor, a laser radar, etc.; the touch sensor may be a capacitive touch screen, etc.; the visual sensor may be a camera device, etc.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] For the electronic device 20 of the above-mentioned embodiment 4, the present application further proposes a communication control method of the electronic device 20. In order to better illustrate the usage scenario of the above-mentioned communication interface 100, the communication control method of the electronic device 20 is briefly described below.

[0068] For example, Figure 7 As shown, the communication control method of the electronic device 20 includes:

[0069] S110 , the main controller 111 in the main control box 101 determines the access status of any peripheral device 102 by detecting the level of its own signal detection terminal DET.

[0070] As an optional solution, a peripheral device 102 having multiple communication interfaces 100 can also determine the access status of other peripheral devices 102 through the level of its own signal detection terminal DET. Furthermore, each peripheral device 102 sends the information of other peripheral devices 102 connected to itself to the main controller 111, so that the main controller 111 stores the information of the cascade topology structure.

[0071] S120, when data transmission with the connected peripheral device 102 is required, the main controller 111 and the corresponding slave controller 112 control the serial port transmitting end UART TX and the serial port receiving end UART RX to realize bidirectional data transmission between the main control box 101 and the corresponding peripheral device 102.

[0072] As an optional solution, when the electronic device 20 has a cascade configuration of the peripheral device 102, such as Figure 8 As shown, the communication control method of the electronic device 20 also includes:

[0073] S210 , when issuing an instruction, the main controller 111 sends a data packet carrying a unique identifier of the target peripheral device 102 to the cascade link.

[0074] Each peripheral device 102 is provided with a unique ID, and the main controller 111 can be used to identify all peripheral devices 102. For example, when it is necessary to issue instructions to one or some peripheral devices 102, the main controller 111 puts the unique ID of the corresponding target peripheral device 102 in the corresponding instruction data packet, and issues the instruction to the branch where the target peripheral device 102 is located according to the known cascade topology.

[0075] S220 , after receiving the data packet in sequence, each slave controller 112 detects whether the unique identifier in the data packet is the same as its own unique identifier. If different, the data packet is transparently transmitted to the next connected peripheral device 102 until it is transmitted to the target peripheral device 102 .

[0076] Optionally, when the peripheral device 102 uploads data, such as in response to certain instructions issued by the main controller 111, the communication control method of the electronic device 20 may further include:

[0077] S230, each slave controller 112 determines whether there is an upper level peripheral device 102 according to the cascade state, and if there is, sends the generated or received data packet carrying the target unique identifier to the upper level peripheral device 102 until it is transmitted to the main control box 101. The target unique identifier is the unique identifier of the peripheral device 102 that needs to upload data to the main control box 101.

[0078] It can be understood that by using the communication interface 100 in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the cascading of different external devices and the data transmission after the cascading can be realized, especially when multiple external devices need to be set in the same system, the number of communication interfaces 100 used can be reduced. In addition, for the protocols already supported by the USB Type-C interface, the communication interface 100 of the present application can also be implemented, such as the fast charging protocol, etc. The method of using it is not described here, and the specific details can be referred to the relevant documents disclosed.

[0079] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the flowcharts and structure diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the possible architecture, functions and operations of the devices, methods and computer program products according to multiple embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and the module, a program segment or a part of a code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in an alternative implementation, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a different order from the order marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the structure diagram and / or the flow diagram, and the combination of boxes in the structure diagram and / or the flow diagram, can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0080] In addition, the functional modules or units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.

[0081] If the functions are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a smart phone, a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0082] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A communication interface, characterized in that: The communication interface is obtained by redefining some pins in the universal serial bus USB Type-C interface, including: The four VBUS pins in the USB Type-C interface are configured to input a first voltage; the two SBUS pins are configured to input a second voltage, wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage; the two CC pins are configured as signal detection terminals; the two D+ pins and the two D- pins are configured as serial port transmitting terminals and serial port receiving terminals, respectively.

2. A transmission wire, characterized in that: At least one end of the transmission wire is provided with the communication interface as claimed in claim 1.

3. The transmission wire according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other end of the transmission wire includes one or more combinations of the communication interface, USB 2.0 interface, USB 3.0 interface, USB Type-A interface, USB Type-B interface, USB Type-C interface, and Lightning interface.

4. A functional module, characterized in that: include: A controller and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit includes the communication interface as claimed in claim 1, and the communication interface is used to realize the connection between the functional module and an external device; Among them, the four VBUS pins in the communication interface are connected in parallel and used to access the first voltage, and the two SBUS pins are connected in parallel and used to access the second voltage; the signal detection end, the serial port sending end and the serial port receiving end in the communication interface are all connected to the controller; The controller is used to determine the access status of the external device by detecting the level of the signal detection end; and to realize bidirectional data transmission between the functional module and the external device by controlling the serial port transmitting end and the serial port receiving end.

5. The functional module according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the functional module serves as a master device, the functional module is used to output the first voltage and the second voltage to the connected external device through the communication interface; When the functional module acts as a slave device, the functional module is used to obtain the first voltage and the second voltage from the connected external device through the communication interface.

6. The functional module according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The interface circuit also includes a first filter capacitor and a second filter capacitor; The first filter capacitor and the second filter capacitor are used to filter the first voltage and the second voltage input into the communication interface respectively.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: a main control box and a preset number of peripherals, wherein the main control box and each of the peripherals are implemented by a functional module as described in any one of claims 4 to 6; The main control box includes a main controller and at least one communication interface, and each peripheral device includes a slave controller and at least one communication interface; the main control box and the peripheral devices, as well as different peripheral devices, communicate via the communication interfaces.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electronic device is a robot system, and the peripheral device includes at least one of a sensor, a steering gear, and a motor.

9. The electronic device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sensor includes one or more combinations of a distance detection sensor, a touch sensor, a torque sensor, and a visual sensor.

10. The electronic device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: Some peripherals in the electronic device are arranged in a cascade manner.

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