Differential double-spiral ammonia gas heat exchanger device with baffle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gap double-spiral ammonia gas heat exchanger device with baffles, and relates to the technical field of heat exchanger devices, an ammonia gas decomposer is installed between an upstream exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine and an ammonia gas heat exchanger, the ammonia gas heat exchanger is connected with a downstream exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, and an ammonia gas outlet of the ammonia gas heat exchanger is connected with an ammonia gas inlet of the ammonia gas decomposer; a decomposed gas outlet of the ammonia gas decomposer is connected with a gas inlet of the internal combustion engine, a large-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe, a small-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe and a round-hole semicircular baffle are arranged in the ammonia gas heat exchanger, the round-hole semicircular baffle is installed on the large-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe, heat exchange can be promoted, and when the ammonia gas flow is large, the two spiral pipes are used for conveying ammonia gas; if the flow is small, only the large-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe is used for transporting ammonia gas; according to the technical scheme, the problem that the gas inlet strategy cannot be adjusted according to the ammonia gas flow is solved, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the emission energy of the internal combustion engine is efficiently recycled, and the problems that the heat loss is large, and the heat exchange area is insufficient are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of heat exchanger devices, in particular to a gap double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles. Background Art

[0002] In the combustion process of internal combustion engines, a large part of the heat generated is not only converted into useful work through thermal efficiency for output, but also dissipated into the atmosphere, resulting in a large amount of heat generated by combustion being wasted. This has an adverse impact on the environment and wastes energy. Although a lot of work has been invested at home and abroad to improve the thermal efficiency and economy of internal combustion engines, there is still considerable potential for energy conservation and emission reduction that has not been fully tapped.

[0003] The utilization of waste heat from internal combustion engines is one of the key technologies for future development. By fully recovering and applying the heat energy emitted by internal combustion engines, it is expected to further improve the efficiency of heat energy conversion and improve energy utilization efficiency, thereby achieving resource conservation and environmental protection. At present, the technology of hydrogen production by decomposing ammonia using waste heat is also developing. At the same time, hydrogen and ammonia fuels have natural advantages in internal combustion engines because internal combustion engines have relatively low requirements for the purity of hydrogen and only need to meet certain hydrogen standards. However, since hydrogen is difficult to liquefy, store and transport, a large amount of capital investment is required to solve the problem. In contrast, ammonia has low toxicity and is not easy to burn, and is a potential clean, high-energy-density hydrogen source. At present, the transportation and storage system of ammonia can solve the problem of hydrogen transportation.

[0004] In the prior art, the utility model patent with publication number CN220626290U provides an online ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device using the waste heat of an internal combustion engine, which adopts a variable pitch spiral multi-layer structure heat exchanger for heat exchange. However, the device cannot adjust the intake strategy in time according to the different flow rates of ammonia, and there are problems such as small heating area and greater heat loss, which affects the energy saving and emission reduction efficiency of the device. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and perfect the structure of the above-mentioned heat exchanger to solve the problem of heat loss and the problem of being unable to adjust the intake strategy according to the different flow rates of ammonia. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to improve the structure of the heat exchanger in the ammonia heat exchanger device to reduce heat loss, more effectively recycle the heat energy in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, and at the same time add a structure for adjusting the ammonia intake amount to achieve regulation of the amount of hydrogen generated.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is: to provide a gap double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles, which is arranged downstream of an ammonia decomposer and comprises an ammonia heat exchanger end cover and an ammonia heat exchanger;

[0007] One side of the ammonia heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust pipe of the downstream internal combustion engine through the end cover of the ammonia heat exchanger, and the other side is connected to the ammonia decomposer, and the ammonia decomposer is connected to the exhaust pipe of the upstream internal combustion engine;

[0008] A large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube, a small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube and a circular-hole semicircular baffle are arranged inside the ammonia heat exchanger. The circular-hole semicircular baffle is installed on the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube. Ammonia to be heated enters from the ammonia inlet of the ammonia heat exchanger and flows into the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube, or is split into the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube and the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube. The heated ammonia is discharged into the ammonia decomposer from the ammonia outlet of the ammonia heat exchanger.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotation diameter of the large-circle variable-pitch helical tube is greater than that of the small-circle variable-pitch helical tube, and the middle spiral part of the small-circle variable-pitch helical tube is arranged at the center position of the middle spiral part of the large-circle variable-pitch helical tube.

[0010] Furthermore, the pitch of the spiral pipe at the inlet end of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe is greater than the pitch of the spiral pipe at its outlet end, and the outlet end of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe is arranged close to the ammonia decomposer, and the pitch of the spiral pipe at the inlet end of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe is greater than the pitch of the spiral pipe at its outlet end, and the outlet end of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe is arranged close to the ammonia decomposer.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of circular holes are evenly arranged on the circular hole semicircular baffle, and the intervals between two adjacent circular holes are the same.

[0012] Furthermore, the ammonia heat exchanger also includes an ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe and an ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe. The inlet of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube and the inlet of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe, and the outlet of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube and the outlet of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe. The ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe is connected to the ammonia inlet of the ammonia decomposer.

[0013] Furthermore, the ammonia heat exchanger further comprises a main solenoid solenoid valve and a small solenoid solenoid valve, the main solenoid solenoid valve is arranged on the inlet pipe of the ammonia heat exchanger, and the small solenoid solenoid valve is arranged on the inlet of the small-circle variable pitch spiral pipe;

[0014] When the small solenoid valve is opened, the ammonia to be heated is diverted from the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe to the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube and the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube. When the small solenoid valve is closed, the ammonia to be heated enters the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube from the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe, and the heated ammonia is discharged from the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the ammonia heat exchanger also includes an ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor, an ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor and an ammonia flowmeter. The ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe, the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe, and the ammonia flowmeter is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0017] First, the technical solution in the utility model is to place a large-circle variable pitch spiral tube and a small-circle variable pitch spiral tube in the ammonia heat exchanger, and set a valve to control the opening and closing of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube at the entrance of the ammonia heat exchanger. The setting of this structure can be applicable to different ammonia flow rates. When the ammonia flow rate is large, two variable pitch spiral tubes are used to transport ammonia at the same time. When the ammonia flow rate is large, only the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube is used to transport ammonia, so as to adjust the amount of ammonia entering the decomposer, and then adjust the flow rate of hydrogen generated by the decomposition of ammonia. The technical solution in the utility model can effectively adjust the efficiency of ammonia decomposition, solving the problem that the intake strategy cannot be adjusted according to the ammonia flow rate in the prior art.

[0018] Second, the technical solution in the utility model adds a circular hole semicircular baffle structure on the basis of setting a large-circle variable pitch spiral tube and a small-circle variable pitch spiral tube. The structure is installed on the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube, which can increase the heat exchange area between ammonia and the internal combustion engine exhaust gas in the ammonia heat exchanger cavity, quickly transfer the absorbed heat to ammonia, so that all the space inside the heat exchanger is utilized, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The problem of large heat loss and insufficient heat exchange area in the prior art is solved.

[0019] Third, the technical solution in the utility model is to set a flow meter in the ammonia heat exchanger, and to set temperature sensors on the ammonia heat exchanger and the ammonia decomposer, so that the ammonia heat exchanger device can better cooperate with its external control system, adjust the ammonia flow rate and the amount of hydrogen produced according to the working conditions of the internal combustion engine, and at the same time, the energy emitted by the internal combustion engine can be efficiently recovered and utilized, thereby achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The advantages of the above and / or additional aspects of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood in the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of a double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with a baffle according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an assembly consisting of a large-circle variable pitch spiral tube, a small-circle variable pitch spiral tube and a circular hole semicircular baffle according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a front view schematic diagram of a semicircular baffle with a round hole according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a side view of a semicircular baffle with a round hole according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Fig. 9 is a front view of an ammonia heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a double-helix ammonia heat exchanger with baffles connected to a control system when in operation according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Among them, 1-ammonia heat exchanger end cover, 2-ammonia heat exchanger, 21-ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe, 22-ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe, 23-ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor, 24-ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor, 25-large circle variable pitch spiral tube, 26-small circle variable pitch spiral tube, 27-circular hole semicircular baffle, 28-main solenoid solenoid valve, 29-small solenoid solenoid valve, 3-ammonia decomposer, 31-ammonia decomposer inlet, 32-ammonia decomposer outlet, 33-ammonia decomposer temperature sensor, 34-ammonia decomposer inner flow channel, 35-ammonia decomposer outer flow channel, 36-ammonia decomposer catalyst, 4-ammonia decomposer end cover, 5-main control system, 51-ammonia heat exchanger control system, 52-ammonia decomposition control system, 6-ammonia flow meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the utility model, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the utility model and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are elaborated to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a gap double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with a baffle, and the heat exchanger device is arranged on the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine. An ammonia decomposer 3 and an ammonia decomposer end cover 4 are also arranged on the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine. The heat exchanger device is located downstream of the ammonia decomposer 3, and includes an ammonia heat exchanger end cover 1 and an ammonia heat exchanger 2.

[0035] One side of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the exhaust pipe of the downstream internal combustion engine through the ammonia heat exchanger end cover 1, and the exhaust pipe of the downstream internal combustion engine is finally connected to the exhaust gas treatment device of the internal combustion engine. The other side of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the ammonia decomposer 3. The side of the ammonia decomposer 3 not connected to the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the exhaust pipe of the upstream internal combustion engine through the ammonia decomposer end cover 4. The ammonia heat exchanger 2 is arranged downstream of the ammonia decomposer 3. The upstream and downstream in this embodiment represent the starting point direction and the end point direction of the flow of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, such as Fig.10 As shown, the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine passes through the end cover 4 of the ammonia decomposer, the internal cavity of the ammonia decomposer 3, the internal cavity of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 and the end cover 1 of the heat exchanger in sequence, and finally enters the exhaust gas treatment device.

[0036] The ammonia heat exchanger 2 includes an ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, an ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22, a large-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 25, a small-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 26 and a circular hole semicircular baffle 27. Figure 3 to Figure 4As shown, the large-circle variable pitch helical tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch helical tube 26 are installed inside the ammonia heat exchanger 2 , wherein the small-circle variable pitch helical tube 26 is arranged at the center of the large-circle variable pitch helical tube 25 . The inlet of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the inlet of the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, and the outlet of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the outlet of the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22; the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21 is the total ammonia inlet of the ammonia heat exchanger 2, and the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 is the total ammonia outlet. Ammonia enters from the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21 and is split, and enters the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 respectively. After being discharged from the outlets of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26, it converges in the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 and is discharged therefrom. The discharged ammonia enters the ammonia decomposer 3 through the pipeline. The circular hole semicircular baffle 27 is installed on the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25. In this embodiment, the direction of ammonia flow is different from the direction of internal combustion engine exhaust flow, such as Fig.10 As shown, the ammonia gas to be heated discharged from the ammonia storage tank enters the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26 through the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21 for heat exchange, and is discharged from the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 after passing through the two spiral tubes. The heated ammonia gas enters from the ammonia inlet of the ammonia decomposer 3 and is decomposed, and is finally discharged from the decomposed gas outlet of the ammonia decomposer 3 into the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine.

[0037] One end of the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21 is provided with two interfaces, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the large-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 25 and the inlet of the small-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 26. The other end of the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21 is provided with an interface, which is connected to an external ammonia gas storage tank for providing ammonia. One end of the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 is provided with two interfaces, which are respectively connected to the outlet of the large-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 25 and the outlet of the small-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 26. The other end of the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 is provided with an interface, which is connected to the ammonia inlet of the ammonia decomposer.

[0038] like Figure 5As shown, the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 is a structure that is sparse in front and dense in the back, with the spiral pipes at one end of the inlet arranged sparsely and the spiral pipes at one end of the outlet arranged densely. The large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 is installed inside the ammonia heat exchanger 2, and its outlet end is arranged close to the ammonia decomposer 3, and its inlet end is arranged close to the end cover 1 of the ammonia heat exchanger, that is, the end where the spiral pipes are densely arranged is close to the ammonia decomposer 3. In this embodiment, the spiral diameter of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 is 95mm, and the pitch of the spiral pipe at one end of the dense arrangement is 15mm. Starting from the outlet end of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25, after extending 3 turns, the pitch of the spiral pipe is changed to 20mm, and after extending 5.5 turns, the pitch of the spiral pipe is changed to 25mm, until it extends 6.5 turns to reach the inlet end of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25, the inner diameter of the pipe of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 is 2mm, and the outer diameter is 4mm.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26 also has a sparse front and dense back structure, with the spiral pipes at one end of the inlet sparsely arranged and the spiral pipes at the outlet densely arranged. The small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26 is installed inside the ammonia heat exchanger 2, and its outlet end is arranged close to the ammonia decomposer 3, and its inlet end is arranged close to the ammonia heat exchanger end cover 1. The spiral diameter of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 25 is larger than the spiral diameter of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26, and the part of the middle spiral pipe of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26 is arranged at the center position of the middle spiral pipe of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 25. In this embodiment, the spiral diameter of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26 is 70 mm, and the pitch of the densely arranged spiral pipe at one end is 15 mm. Starting from the outlet end of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26, the pitch is changed to 20 mm after extending 3 turns, and then the pitch is changed to 25 mm after extending 5 turns, until it reaches the inlet end of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26 after extending 6.5 turns. The inner diameter of the pipe of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26 is 2 mm and the outer diameter is 4 mm.

[0040] like Figures 7 and 8 As shown, the circular hole semicircular baffle 27 is a semicircular structure, and a plurality of circular holes for passing the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine are evenly arranged on its plane. The circular holes are through holes, and the spacing between two adjacent circular holes is the same. In this embodiment, the semicircular diameter of the circular hole semicircular baffle 27 is 96mm, and circular holes with a diameter of 3mm are evenly distributed on its plane. The center distance between two adjacent circular holes is 8mm, and the draft angle of the circular hole semicircular baffle 27 (referring to the angle required to pull the circular hole semicircular baffle from the mold) is 15°. The circular hole semicircular baffle 27 is installed on the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25, which can quickly transfer heat and quickly transfer the absorbed heat to ammonia, thereby increasing the heat exchange area between ammonia and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in the cavity of the ammonia heat exchanger 2, and improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0041] In this embodiment, the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is arranged downstream of the ammonia decomposer 3, wherein the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are multi-layer pipes with sparse front and dense back, and the pipe shell of the pipe adopts a specific heat exchange material, which can make the exhaust waste heat of the internal combustion engine more fully exchange heat with the ammonia in the heat exchanger, increase the heat transfer, increase the temperature of ammonia entering the ammonia decomposer 3, provide ammonia with sufficient energy for catalysis, reduce heat loss, achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction, and thus improve the utilization rate of heat. In addition, the utility model can also control the flow of ammonia by opening and closing the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26. When a small amount of ammonia enters, the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 is used, and when a large amount of ammonia enters, the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are used. At the same time, a circular hole semicircular baffle 27 is designed on the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25, which can make the heat flow according to the passage, increase the heat exchange area, and thus increase the heat exchange efficiency.

[0042] The ammonia heat exchanger 2 further includes an ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23, an ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24, a main solenoid solenoid valve 28 and a small solenoid solenoid valve 29. Fig. 9 As shown, the ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23 is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, and is used to detect the temperature of the ammonia entering the ammonia heat exchanger 2. The ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24 is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22, and is used to detect the temperature of the ammonia after passing through the ammonia heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange. The ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23 and the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24 can detect the temperature of the ammonia at the inlet and outlet of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 in real time, and the heat exchange of the ammonia can be monitored in real time according to the detection values ​​of the two temperature sensors, so as to control the flow of the ammonia according to the heat exchange. The main solenoid solenoid valve 28 is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, and is used to control the flow of ammonia in the ammonia heat exchanger 2. The small solenoid solenoid valve 29 is arranged on the inlet of the small coil variable pitch spiral tube 26, and is used to control the opening and closing of the small coil variable pitch spiral tube 26.

[0043] If the ammonia flow rate is adjusted according to the heat exchange situation, the heat exchange situation of ammonia is monitored in real time during the heat exchange of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 through the detection values ​​of the ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23 and the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24. When the difference between the detection values ​​of the two sensors is greater than the set threshold, the opening of the main solenoid solenoid valve 28 is increased, and the small coil variable pitch spiral tube 26 is opened through the small solenoid solenoid valve 29 to increase the flow of ammonia. When the difference between the detection values ​​of the two sensors is less than the set threshold, the opening of the main solenoid solenoid valve 28 is reduced, and the small coil variable pitch spiral tube 26 is closed through the small solenoid solenoid valve 29 to reduce the flow of ammonia.

[0044] A real-time ammonia flowmeter 6 is also installed on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21 of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 to detect the flow rate of ammonia. If the ammonia flow rate is adjusted according to the hydrogen requirement of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia flowmeter 6 is used to detect the ammonia flow rate. When the required intake amount of ammonia is large, the ammonia flowmeter 6 detects a large value, increases the opening of the main solenoid solenoid valve 28, opens the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 through the small solenoid solenoid valve 29, and increases the flow rate of ammonia; when the required intake amount of ammonia is small, the ammonia flowmeter 6 detects a small value, reduces the opening of the main solenoid solenoid valve 28, closes the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 through the small solenoid solenoid valve 29, and reduces the flow rate of ammonia.

[0045] A cover is provided at one end of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 connected to the ammonia decomposer 3, and mounting holes for mounting bolts are provided at the outer edge of the cover. The ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the ammonia decomposer through bolts.

[0046] The ammonia decomposer 3 comprises an ammonia decomposer inlet 31 , an ammonia decomposer outlet 32 ​​, an ammonia decomposer inner flow channel 34 , an ammonia decomposer outer flow channel 35 and an ammonia decomposer catalyst 36 .

[0047] The ammonia decomposer inlet 31 and the ammonia decomposer outlet 32 ​​are respectively connected to the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36, the ammonia decomposer inlet 31 is connected to the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline, the ammonia decomposer outlet 32 ​​is connected to the internal combustion engine intake pipe through a pipeline, and the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36 is filled in the ammonia decomposer 3 for catalytic decomposition of ammonia. Ammonia is discharged from the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 of the ammonia heat exchanger 2, passes through the connecting pipeline between the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 and the ammonia decomposer inlet 31, enters the ammonia decomposer 3 from the ammonia decomposer inlet 31, and is decomposed to produce hydrogen under the action of the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36, and the hydrogen is discharged from the ammonia decomposer outlet 32 ​​of the ammonia decomposer 3 and enters the internal combustion engine through the pipeline.

[0048] The ammonia decomposer inner flow channel 34 is arranged inside the filling part of the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36, and it penetrates the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36 from the center of the filling part of the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36, and the ammonia decomposer outer flow channel 35 is arranged outside the filling part of the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine enters the ammonia decomposer inner flow channel 34 and the ammonia decomposer outer flow channel 35 of the ammonia decomposer 3 from the upstream internal combustion engine exhaust pipe, exchanges heat with the filling part of the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36 in the ammonia decomposer inner flow channel 34 and the ammonia decomposer outer flow channel 35, passes through the ammonia decomposer 3, enters the cavity inside the ammonia heat exchanger 2 through the connection between the ammonia heat exchanger 2 and the ammonia decomposer 3, exchanges heat with the ammonia in the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 in the cavity, and is discharged into the downstream internal combustion engine exhaust pipe after heat exchange, and finally enters the exhaust gas treatment device of the internal combustion engine for treatment.

[0049] The ammonia decomposer 3 further comprises an ammonia decomposer temperature sensor 33 , which is mounted on the ammonia decomposer 3 and is used to monitor the temperature change after the ammonia is decomposed in real time.

[0050] One end of the ammonia heat exchanger end cover 1 is installed on the downstream side of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 by bolts, and the other end is connected to the downstream internal combustion engine exhaust pipe by bolts. One end of the ammonia decomposer end cover 4 is installed on the upstream side of the ammonia decomposer 3 by bolts, and the other end is connected to the upstream internal combustion engine exhaust pipe by bolts.

[0051] like Fig.10 As shown, the installation process and working principle of a double-helix ammonia heat exchanger with baffles provided in this embodiment are as follows:

[0052] Installation process: Assemble the ammonia heat exchanger 2, set the middle spiral pipe of the small-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 26 at the center of the middle spiral pipe of the large-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 25, and install multiple circular hole semicircular baffles 27 on the large-circle variable pitch spiral pipe 25 to form a Figure 4 The entire assembly shown is placed inside the shell of the ammonia heat exchanger 2, and the inlet ends of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, and the outlet ends of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 to complete the assembly of the ammonia heat exchanger 2. The end of the densely arranged spiral pipes of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the ammonia decomposer 3 by bolts, the other end of the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the ammonia heat exchanger end cover 1 by bolts, and the end of the ammonia decomposer 3 not connected to the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the ammonia decomposer end cover 4 by bolts. The upstream internal combustion engine exhaust pipe is connected to the ammonia decomposer end cover 4 by bolts, the downstream internal combustion engine exhaust pipe is connected to the ammonia heat exchanger end cover 1 by bolts, and the downstream internal combustion engine exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device.

[0053] The ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21 is connected to the ammonia gas storage tank through a pipeline, the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22 is connected to the ammonia decomposer inlet 31 through a pipeline, and the ammonia decomposer outlet 32 ​​is connected to the internal combustion engine intake pipe through a pipeline. Among them, the inlet of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are connected to the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, and the outlet of the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 are connected to the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22. The ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23 and the main solenoid solenoid valve 28 are installed on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24 is installed on the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22, and the small solenoid solenoid valve 29 is installed at the inlet of the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26. The ammonia decomposer temperature sensor 33 is installed on the ammonia decomposer 3.

[0054] The ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23, the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24, the main solenoid solenoid valve 28 and the small solenoid solenoid valve 29 are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger control system 51 for communication, the ammonia decomposer temperature sensor 33 is connected to the ammonia decomposition control system 52 for communication, an ammonia flowmeter 6 for real-time detection is installed on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, the ammonia flowmeter 6 for real-time detection is connected to the ammonia decomposition control system 52 for communication, and the ammonia heat exchanger control system 51 and the ammonia decomposition control system 52 are respectively connected to the main control system 5 for communication.

[0055] Working principle: During operation, the exhaust gas in the upstream exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine passes through the ammonia decomposer end cover 4, and enters the ammonia decomposer inner flow channel 34 and the ammonia decomposer outer flow channel 35 of the ammonia decomposer 3 respectively, and then enters the cavity inside the ammonia heat exchanger 2 after passing through the ammonia decomposer inner flow channel 34 and the ammonia decomposer outer flow channel 35, and contacts with the outer walls of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26. After passing through the ammonia heat exchanger 2, it is discharged into the downstream exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine through the ammonia decomposer end cover 4, and finally enters the exhaust gas treatment device. The low-temperature ammonia to be heated in the ammonia storage tank is injected into the ammonia heat exchanger 2 through the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe 21, enters the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 25 or is divided into the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 25 and the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube 26, and exchanges heat with the exhaust gas in the cavity of the ammonia heat exchanger 2. The temperature of the ammonia increases after absorbing the heat of the exhaust gas. The ammonia after heat exchange is discharged into the ammonia decomposer inlet 31 through the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe 22. After entering the ammonia decomposer 3, it is decomposed to produce hydrogen under the action of the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36. The hydrogen is discharged into the internal combustion engine intake pipe through the ammonia decomposer outlet 32 ​​to supply hydrogen to the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas in the ammonia decomposer inner flow channel 34 and the ammonia decomposer outer flow channel 35 simultaneously exchanges heat with the ammonia decomposer catalyst 36.

[0056] The main control system 5 is connected to the internal combustion engine in communication, and continuously monitors the working state of the internal combustion engine. Based on the working state, the fuel gas (i.e., hydrogen) is controlled to enter so that it is always kept within the optimal working range. The main control system 5 monitors the detection data of the ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23, the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24, the ammonia decomposer temperature sensor 33, and the real-time ammonia flowmeter 6 in real time. According to these data and the required amount of fuel gas, the main solenoid solenoid valve 28 and the small solenoid solenoid valve 29 are adjusted to control the amount of hydrogen produced by decomposition by controlling the flow rate of ammonia, thereby realizing the control of the load and speed of the internal combustion engine, which helps to optimize the performance and fuel efficiency of the internal combustion engine to meet the needs of the internal combustion engine.

[0057] When the gas demand is small, the ammonia flow rate decreases, and the main control system 5 controls the small solenoid solenoid valve 29 to close, and controls the main solenoid solenoid valve 28 to reduce the opening. When the gas demand is large, the ammonia flow rate increases, and the main control system 5 controls the small solenoid solenoid valve 29 to open, and controls the main solenoid solenoid valve 28 to increase the opening. While keeping the internal combustion engine working in the best state, the flow rate of ammonia can be adjusted by the main control system 5 so that it can efficiently perform heat exchange. When the difference between the detection values ​​of the ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 23 and the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 24 is greater than the set threshold, the heat exchange is insufficient, and the main control system 5 controls to increase the opening of the main solenoid solenoid valve 28, and opens the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 through the small solenoid solenoid valve 29, thereby increasing the flow of ammonia, increasing the heat exchange area, reducing the temperature of ammonia, stabilizing the pressure in the ammonia heat exchanger 2, and thus stabilizing the pressure in the ammonia decomposer 3, thereby increasing the amount of hydrogen in the internal combustion engine at the same time; when the difference between the detection values ​​is less than the set threshold, the main control system 5 controls to reduce the opening of the main solenoid solenoid valve 28, and closes the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube 26 through the small solenoid solenoid valve 29, reducing the flow of ammonia, promoting efficient heat exchange between ammonia and the exhaust duct of the internal combustion engine, increasing the temperature of ammonia, and accelerating the decomposition efficiency of ammonia in the ammonia decomposer 3. In this way, efficient gradient recovery and utilization of the exhaust waste heat of the internal combustion engine can be achieved, the required heat is provided for the decomposition reaction of ammonia, and comprehensive utilization of energy is achieved, and energy waste is reduced.

[0058] During the operation of the variable pitch double helix ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles, low-temperature ammonia is injected into the variable pitch double helix tube ammonia heat exchanger 2, which can increase its temperature through effective heat exchange. At the same time, the ammonia heat exchanger 2 is connected to the ammonia decomposer 3, and the heat of the ammonia decomposer is partially recovered during the heat exchange. The heated ammonia enters the ammonia decomposer 3, and efficient ammonia decomposition is achieved under the action of the catalyst. The heat generated by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine can provide the required thermal energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction. The ammonia heat exchanger 21 further utilizes the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, realizes the effective recovery and utilization of the exhaust energy of the internal combustion engine, and converts low-grade ammonia into high-grade hydrogen.

[0059] By using the gap double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles in the utility model, the ammonia flow rate can be dynamically adjusted through the above-mentioned working principle, the ammonia decomposition efficiency can be improved, the pressure in the ammonia decomposer 3 can be stabilized, and ultimately the hydrogen content in the internal combustion engine can be increased, thereby improving the efficiency and performance of the internal combustion engine.

[0060] In the present invention, the terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connect" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0061] The shapes of the various components in the drawings are schematic, and certain differences from their actual shapes are not excluded. The drawings are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0062] Although the utility model is disclosed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the application of the utility model. The protection scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and may include various modifications, alterations and equivalents made to the utility model without departing from the protection scope and spirit of the utility model.

Claims

1. A gap double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles, which is arranged downstream of an ammonia decomposer (3), characterized in that: The gap double-helix ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles comprises an ammonia heat exchanger end cover (1) and an ammonia heat exchanger (2); One side of the ammonia heat exchanger (2) is connected to the exhaust pipe of the downstream internal combustion engine through the end cover (1) of the ammonia heat exchanger, and the other side is connected to the ammonia decomposer (3), and the ammonia decomposer (3) is connected to the exhaust pipe of the upstream internal combustion engine; A large-circle variable pitch spiral tube (25), a small-circle variable pitch spiral tube (26) and a circular hole semicircular baffle (27) are arranged inside the ammonia heat exchanger (2); the circular hole semicircular baffle (27) is installed on the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube (25); ammonia to be heated enters through an ammonia inlet of the ammonia heat exchanger (2) and flows into the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube (25), or is split into the large-circle variable pitch spiral tube (25) and the small-circle variable pitch spiral tube (26); the heated ammonia is discharged into the ammonia decomposer (3) through an ammonia outlet of the ammonia heat exchanger (2).

2. The gap double spiral ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation diameter of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube (25) is greater than the rotation diameter of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube (26), and the middle spiral portion of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral tube (26) is arranged at the center position of the middle spiral portion of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral tube (25).

3. The gap double spiral ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch of the spiral pipe at the inlet end of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe (25) is greater than the pitch of the spiral pipe at the outlet end thereof, and the outlet end of the large-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe (25) is arranged close to the ammonia decomposer (3); the pitch of the spiral pipe at the inlet end of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe (26) is greater than the pitch of the spiral pipe at the outlet end thereof, and the outlet end of the small-circle variable-pitch spiral pipe (26) is arranged close to the ammonia decomposer (3).

4. The gap double spiral ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of circular holes are evenly arranged on the circular hole semicircular baffle (27), and the spacing between two adjacent circular holes is the same.

5. The gap double spiral ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia heat exchanger (2) further comprises an ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe (21) and an ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe (22); the inlet of the large-circle variable-pitch helical tube (25) and the inlet of the small-circle variable-pitch helical tube (26) are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe (21); the outlet of the large-circle variable-pitch helical tube (25) and the outlet of the small-circle variable-pitch helical tube (26) are respectively connected to the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe (22); and the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe (22) is connected to the ammonia inlet of the ammonia decomposer (3).

6. The gap double spiral ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ammonia heat exchanger (2) further comprises a main solenoid solenoid valve (28) and a small solenoid solenoid valve (29), wherein the main solenoid solenoid valve (28) is arranged on the inlet pipe (21) of the ammonia heat exchanger, and the small solenoid solenoid valve (29) is arranged on the inlet of the small-coil variable pitch spiral pipe (26); When the small solenoid valve (29) is opened, the ammonia to be heated is diverted from the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe (21) to the large-coil variable-pitch spiral tube (25) and the small-coil variable-pitch spiral tube (26); when the small solenoid valve (29) is closed, the ammonia to be heated enters the large-coil variable-pitch spiral tube (25) from the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe (21), and the heated ammonia is discharged from the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe (22).

7. The gap-type double-spiral ammonia heat exchanger device with baffles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ammonia heat exchanger (2) further comprises an ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor (23), an ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor (24) and an ammonia flow meter (6); the ammonia heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor (23) is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe (21), the ammonia heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor (24) is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger outlet pipe (22), and the ammonia flow meter (6) is arranged on the ammonia heat exchanger inlet pipe (21).

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