Hot plug circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hot plug circuit, and relates to the technical field of computer hardware and system architecture. Comprising an M.2 interface connector, a PMOS tube, a charging capacitor and a pull-up resistor, the M.2 interface connector comprises a plurality of grounding pins, one of the grounding pins is selected as a switch pin, the switch pin is connected to a grid electrode of the PMOS tube through a pull-up resistor, one end of the charging capacitor is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube, and the other end of the charging capacitor is grounded; the drain electrode of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to a power supply end VBUS; and the source electrode of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to a power supply end VDD. According to the utility model, the conversion of the plugging state is realized through the ground pin of the M.2 interface, and the power supply of the USB conversion circuit is controlled through the conduction of the PMOS tube, so that the hot plugging can be realized, the production efficiency is improved while the resources are saved, the practicability is strong, and certain advantages are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of computer hardware and system architecture, and in particular to a hot-swap circuit. Background Art

[0002] The current mainstream hard drives have gradually shifted from magnetic media to electronic media. Currently, there are two commonly used SSD interface standards - NGFF / NVME, which represent the direction of the two protocols. NGFF supports the SATA protocol and NVME supports the PCIE protocol.

[0003] During the production and circulation of SSDs, a large number of SSDs need to be processed and tested. Under the existing testing conditions, the above work can only be completed by re-powering the computer system or plugging in and out the USB interface SSD conversion box. The efficiency of directly powering on and off the computer system and then plugging in and out the SSD is too low. Therefore, most actual occasions will use a USB interface SSD conversion box.

[0004] However, when the computer system is working, plugging in and out the SSD alone cannot be recognized by the system normally. The USB conversion circuit can only plug in and out the entire USB conversion device, and the SSD cannot be plugged in and out alone. When using an SSD conversion box with a USB interface, the USB box must be unplugged and plugged in first, then the SSD must be replaced, and then the USB interface conversion box must be inserted into the computer before it can be used. Two plugging and unplugging processes are required, which not only wastes a lot of time and manpower, but also increases the plugging and unplugging losses of the two interfaces exponentially.

[0005] In view of the above problems, there is an urgent need for a hot-swap circuit that can realize hot-swap, save resources and improve production efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a hot-swap circuit that can realize hot-swap, save resources and improve production efficiency, and has strong practicality.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problem is: a hot-swap circuit, which is improved in that it includes an M.2 interface connector, a PMOS tube, a charging capacitor and a pull-up resistor; the M.2 interface connector includes a plurality of ground pins, one of the ground pins is selected as a switch pin, the switch pin is connected to the gate of the PMOS tube through a pull-up resistor, one end of the charging capacitor is electrically connected to the gate of the PMOS tube, and the other end of the charging capacitor is grounded; the drain of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VBUS; the source of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD.

[0008] The model of the PMOS tube in the above technical solution is APM4435, and the PMOS tube is used to control the power supply connected to the SSD.

[0009] The power supply voltage of the power supply terminal VBUS and the power supply terminal VDD in the above technical solution is 5V.

[0010] When no SSD is plugged into the M.2 interface connector in the above technical solution, the voltage of the switch pin is 5V, and the PMOS tube is in a disconnected state.

[0011] After the SSD is plugged into the M.2 interface connector in the above technical solution, the voltage of the switch pin is 0V, and the PMOS tube is in the on state.

[0012] The size of the charging capacitor in the above technical solution is 0.1 μF.

[0013] The size of the pull-up resistor in the above technical solution is 10K.

[0014] The capacitor and inductor described in the above technical solution are used to stabilize the power supply, protect the circuit and improve the system performance.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the utility model is as follows: the utility model controls the power supply and power off of the USB conversion circuit by selecting one of the ground pins of the redefined M.2 interface as the detection pin of the hot plug state, and connecting it to the PMOS tube as the control signal of the power switch. Because there are a total of 19 ground pins of M.2, this modification does not affect the performance of M.2. When the SSD is not inserted, the voltage of this pin is +5V, the PMOS tube is in a disconnected state, and the USB conversion circuit is in a power-off state. When the SSD is inserted, the pin selected on the M.2 is connected to the ground pin on the gold finger of the SSD, the voltage of the pin selected by the M.2 drops to 0V, the PMOS tube is turned on, and the PMOS tube is turned on to start the power supply of the USB conversion circuit. The SSD can be plugged in and out when the system is running without shutting down the system or restarting it, providing the convenience of dynamic expansion, maintenance or replacement of hardware equipment, saving resources while improving production efficiency, and having certain advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The utility model is a circuit principle diagram of a hot-swap circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention in combination with the embodiments and drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, all the connection / connection relationships involved in the patent do not refer to the direct connection of components, but refer to the formation of a better connection structure by adding or reducing connection accessories according to the specific implementation situation. The various technical features in the invention can be combined interchangeably without conflicting with each other.

[0019] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0020] It should also be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time.

[0021] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0022] M.2: is an interface standard for internal connection, designed to replace the traditional mSATA interface, supporting a variety of connection protocols, including SATA, PC I Express (PC I e) and USB. The M.2 standard protocol refers to the communication protocol supported by the M.2 interface, which determines the type of device that the M.2 interface can connect to and its performance characteristics. The protocols that the M.2 interface can support include *SATA (Serial ATA), PC I Express (PC I e), and USB.

[0023] The utility model provides a hot-swap circuit, comprising an M.2 interface connector, a PMOS tube, a charging capacitor and a pull-up resistor, wherein the M.2 interface connector comprises a plurality of ground pins, one of which is selected as a switch pin, the switch pin is connected to the gate of the PMOS tube through the pull-up resistor, one end of the charging capacitor is electrically connected to the gate of the PMOS tube, the other end of the charging capacitor is grounded, the drain of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to the power supply end VBUS, and the source of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to the power supply end VDD.

[0024] Among them, the model of the PMOS tube selected is APM4435. The PMOS tube is used to control the power supply connected to the SSD conversion circuit. The power supply voltage of the power supply end VBUS and the power supply end VDD is 5V. When the SSD is not plugged into the M.2 interface connector, the voltage of the selected control signal pin is 5V, and the PMOS tube is in a disconnected state. After the SSD is plugged into the M.2 interface connector, the voltage of the selected control signal is 0V, the PMOS tube is in a turned-on state, and the size of the charging capacitor is 0.1μF.

[0025] Specifically, APM4435 is a power MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), which is commonly used in power management, power amplification and switching circuits. MOSFET is a common semiconductor device used to control the flow of current. APM4435 is usually used as a switching tube to implement power switching functions or power control in circuits.

[0026] Furthermore, APM4435 is a P-channel power MOSFET, and its circuit structure is as follows:

[0027] Channel: P-channel MOSFET means that the channel is made of P-type (load) material. This means that when no voltage is applied, current cannot pass through the channel.

[0028] 2. Gate: The gate is the part that controls the on and off of the MOSFET. When a positive voltage is applied to the gate, electrons will be attracted to the oxide layer under the gate, forming a conductive channel, thereby turning on the channel. When zero voltage or negative voltage is applied to the gate, the channel is closed and the MOSFET is turned off.

[0029] 3. Drain and Source: The drain and source are the two output ports of the MOSFET. The drain is where the charge flows out, and the source is where the charge enters. When the MOSFET is turned on, the current flows between the drain and the source.

[0030] 4. Oxide layer: The oxide layer is located between the gate and the channel to isolate the gate and the channel. Its thickness and quality will affect the performance of MOSFET.

[0031] Specifically, the ground pin in the pin definition of the standard M.2 interface is used. Since there are many ground pins defined in M.2, the definition of one of the ground pins is changed, and the selected pin is connected to a PMOS tube as a power switch. At the same time, the pin is connected to a +5v pull-up resistor. When the SSD is not inserted, the voltage of this pin is 5V. At this time, the PMOS tube is in a disconnected state, and all USB conversion circuits are in a power-off state. When the SSD is inserted, because the SSD pin corresponding to the M.2 selected pin is the ground pin, the voltage of this pin is 0 when the SSD is plugged in. At this time, the PMOS tube is turned on and starts to supply power to the USB conversion circuit, and the SSD and USB conversion circuit start working.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the hot-swap circuit. CONN PLUG 40x2 is an M.2 interface connector, APM4435 is a PMOS tube, R1089 and R1141 are pull-up resistors, and the M.2 interface connector selects the ground pin 75 as the switch pin to connect the gate G of pin 4 of the PMOS tube APM4435 and the pull-up resistor R1141. The pull-up resistor R1141 and the capacitor C858 on its right side form a small filter circuit to prevent signal interference. The drain D1 of pin 5 of the PMOS tube APM4435 is connected to the positive electrode of the USB conversion circuit VBUS_5V. The sources S1, S2 and S3 of pins 1, 2 and 3 of the PMOS tube APM4435 are connected to the pull-up resistor R1089 and the power pin VDD_5V_1. The drain D1 of pin 5 of the PMOS tube APM4435 is connected to the LED indicator to indicate the status of the hot-swap process.

[0033] Among them, the ground pin is to ensure that the current in the device can flow back to the ground safely. The PMOS tube is used as a +5V power switch. The 75th pin is connected to the G pin of the PMOS tube (specific model is APM4435), and the pin 75 is connected to the gate (G pin) of the PMOS tube. The PMOS tube is usually used as a power switch to control the on and off of the current.

[0034] Among them, the specific specifications of CONN PLUG 40x2 are 40x2, where 40 represents the number of pins of the connector and 2 represents the number of rows of the connector. CONN PLUG 40x2 refers to a connector socket with 40 pins arranged in two rows. This connector can be used to connect circuit boards or modules of electronic devices to provide data, signal or power transmission functions.

[0035] Among them, the role of the pull-up resistor is to pull a signal line to a high level (usually the power supply voltage, such as 5V) to ensure that the signal remains in the expected logic state when there is no external input.

[0036] In the above process, the utility model uses the PMOS tube to control the on and off of the +5V power supply; uses the ground of the SSD as a medium to realize the hot-swap function, connects the selected pin of the M.2 socket to the gate of the PMOS tube, and uses the ground pin of the gold finger of the SSD itself as a conductive medium. When the PMOS tube is turned on (the gate voltage is low), the +5V power supply supplies power to the entire conversion circuit through the PMOS tube, thereby realizing the connection of the power supply, and when the PMOS tube is turned off (the gate voltage is high), the connection between the +5V power supply and the entire conversion circuit is disconnected, realizing the disconnection of the power supply.

[0037] Specifically, using the socket pins in the specific M.2 specification to realize the hot-swap function of the SSD includes: the socket design in the M.2 specification. According to the M.2 specification, a total of 19 pins, such as 71, 73, and 75, in the M-type socket are defined as ground, i.e., electrical grounding. These grounding pins are to ensure that the current in the device can flow back to the ground safely; using the PMOS tube as a +5V power switch, this case chooses to redefine pin 75 in the M.2 socket, disconnect it from other ground pins, and connect it to the gate (G pin phase) of the PMOS tube (the model selected in this solution is APM4435). The PMOS tube is usually used as a power switch to control the on and off of the current.

[0038] Through the above process, the utility model allows the hot-swap function to be realized by controlling the on-off of the PMOS tube while maintaining the connection between the socket and the SSD. Since the safety and stability of the power supply during the plugging and unplugging process are ensured, the utility model realizes the hot-swap function through specific hardware connection and circuit design, using the PMOS tube as a switch and combining the ground of the SSD itself, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present application uses the pin definition of the SSD according to the standard protocol of M.2, drives the conduction and disconnection of the PMOS tube according to the presence or absence of the SSD, and simulates the plug-in and unplug action of the USB device. The hot-swap circuit is used in embedded systems, and is compactly designed to adapt to the space limitations inside the system. It integrates the PMOS tube, pull-up resistor and other necessary components, with a small overall size and a simple connection relationship; takes into account the compatibility with the M.2 interface to ensure that the device can be directly inserted into the M.2 slot of the system; takes into account the circuit stability and reliability to ensure that it can work normally in various situations to avoid system instability or damage caused by plug-in operations; includes safety functions such as overcurrent protection and overvoltage protection to protect the SSD and the system from damage; takes into account the user's operational convenience, so that the device can be easily installed in the system and can be used without additional settings or adjustments, which has certain advantages.

[0040] The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A hot-swap circuit, characterized in that: Including M.2 interface connector, PMOS tube, charging capacitor and pull-up resistor; The M.2 interface connector includes a plurality of ground pins, one of which is selected as a switch pin, the switch pin is connected to the gate of the PMOS tube through a pull-up resistor, one end of the charging capacitor is electrically connected to the gate of the PMOS tube, and the other end of the charging capacitor is grounded; The drain of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VBUS; The source of the PMOS tube is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD.

2. The hot-swap circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model of the PMOS tube is APM4435, and the PMOS tube is used to control the power supply connected to the SSD.

3. The hot-swap circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supply voltage of the power supply terminal VBUS and the power supply terminal VDD is 5V.

4. The hot-swap circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: When no SSD is plugged into the M.2 interface connector, the voltage of the switch pin is 5V, and the PMOS tube is in a disconnected state.

5. The hot-swap circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the SSD is plugged into the M.2 interface connector, the voltage of the switch pin is 0V, and the PMOS tube is in the on state.

6. The hot-swap circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the charging capacitor is 0.1 μF.

7. The hot-swap circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the pull-up resistor is 10K.

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