Battery pack heating system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicle heat management, in particular to a battery pack heating system and a vehicle. According to the system, a heat storage part exchanges heat with engine cooling liquid in a waste heat recovery loop and stores heat of the engine cooling liquid, and the heat storage part exchanges heat with battery cooling liquid of a battery pack heating loop; according to the battery pack heating system, the engine waste heat of the vehicle is recycled into the waste heat recycling storage tank, the stored heat is used for battery heating and battery heat preservation at low temperature, the engine waste heat is effectively recycled, full recycling of heat energy is achieved, and the battery pack heating efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the stored heat can also be used for preheating when a vehicle is started in winter, the problem that an engine is difficult to ignite in winter is effectively solved, and therefore the experience feeling of a user is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicle thermal management technology, and more particularly to a battery pack heating system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In winter, when the temperature is low, it is difficult to start the car engine. The actual efficiency of the car engine is generally around 40%. Part of the unused heat of the fuel is carried away by the coolant, and part is carried away by the car exhaust and discharged into the atmosphere through the car exhaust emission device. This means that up to 60% of the material heat is not effectively and reasonably utilized. Therefore, recycling and utilizing this waste heat to heat the battery system is a very effective energy-saving solution.

[0003] In related technologies, such as patent CN109950658A "Battery Heating System and Heating Method", the engine waste heat is rationally utilized through heating tubes and heat exchangers to meet the heating needs of the battery.

[0004] However, the current battery heating solutions mainly include heating films and liquid thermal systems. In their operating mode, they still need to consume battery power to achieve battery heating. Using battery power for heating will reduce the battery power, thereby affecting the vehicle's driving range and acceleration performance, which needs to be solved urgently. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present application provides a battery pack heating system and a vehicle, which effectively recover the engine waste heat by recovering the vehicle's engine waste heat into a waste heat recovery storage tank, and using the stored heat for battery heating and battery insulation at low temperatures, thereby achieving full recovery of thermal energy and saving energy and being environmentally friendly; at the same time, the stored heat can also be used for preheating when starting the vehicle in winter, effectively solving the problem of engine ignition difficulties in winter, thereby enhancing the user experience.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery pack heating system, comprising: a heat storage component, an engine, an engine coolant storage tank and a battery coolant storage tank, wherein an engine coolant heat transfer outlet of the engine is sequentially connected to the engine coolant storage tank, the heat storage component and an engine coolant heat transfer inlet of the engine to form a waste heat recovery circuit, and the heat storage component performs heat exchange with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit to store the heat of the engine coolant; the battery coolant heat transfer outlet of a battery pack to be heated is sequentially connected to the battery coolant storage tank, the heat storage component and the battery coolant heat transfer inlet of the battery pack to be heated to form a battery pack heating circuit, and the heat storage component performs heat exchange with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit to heat the battery pack to be heated using the stored heat.

[0007] According to the above technical means, the engine waste heat is effectively recovered by recovering it into the heat storage component and using the stored heat to heat the battery pack, thereby achieving full recovery of thermal energy, energy saving and environmental protection. At the same time, the stored heat is used to heat the battery pack, which effectively solves the problem of engine ignition difficulty in winter, thereby improving the user experience.

[0008] Optionally, the above-mentioned battery pack heating system also includes: a heat sink, one end of the heat sink is connected to the engine coolant heat transfer outlet, and the other end of the heat sink is connected to the engine coolant heat transfer inlet, when the stored heat of the heat storage element meets the preset storage requirements, the heat sink is used to dissipate heat for the engine.

[0009] According to the above technical means, when the heat stored in the heat storage element reaches saturation, the excess heat not stored in the engine coolant is dissipated by starting the heat dissipation element, thereby reducing the temperature of the engine and ensuring the driving safety of the vehicle.

[0010] Optionally, the above-mentioned battery pack heating system further includes: a first switch element arranged between the heat sink and the engine coolant heat transfer outlet, and when the first switch element is in a conducting state, the heat sink is used to dissipate heat for the engine.

[0011] According to the above technical means, when the heat stored in the heat storage element has not reached saturation, the first switch element is in a closed state, thereby fully recovering the engine waste heat; when the heat stored in the heat storage element reaches saturation, the first switch element is in an on state, and the heat dissipation element is used to dissipate the heat for the engine, thereby reducing the temperature of the engine and ensuring the driving safety of the vehicle.

[0012] Optionally, the heat storage component is a barium hydroxide steel storage tank.

[0013] According to the above technical means, the heat storage component adopts a barium hydroxide steel storage tank. Barium hydroxide has the advantages of high heat storage density, large thermal conductivity, abundant source, low price, and high phase change heat storage capacity per unit volume. At the same time, the vacuum steel thermos can stably store barium hydroxide, which has good thermal insulation and is safe and non-toxic. About 25% of the heat generated by automobile engine fuel is taken away by coolant, and 35%-45% is taken away by exhaust gas. The heat carried by automobile exhaust gas and coolant is considerable. Therefore, the utility model uses barium hydroxide to store the heat carried by high-temperature automobile exhaust gas and coolant.

[0014] Optionally, the barium hydroxide steel storage tank is provided with an engine coolant pipe, a battery coolant pipe and an exhaust gas exhaust pipe.

[0015] According to the above technical means, the heat storage component is connected to the engine coolant pipeline, used for heat exchange with the engine coolant and storing the heat of the engine coolant; the heat storage component is connected to the battery coolant pipeline, used for heat exchange with the battery coolant and using the stored heat to heat the battery pack to be heated; the heat storage component is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline, used for heat exchange with the exhaust gas and storing the heat in the exhaust gas.

[0016] Optionally, the engine coolant pipe, the battery coolant pipe and the exhaust gas pipe are all S-shaped pipes.

[0017] According to the above technical means, setting the engine coolant pipe, battery coolant pipe and exhaust gas pipe into S-shaped pipes can reduce pipe wear, prevent pipe blockage, prevent pipe deformation, enhance the pipe's impact resistance, and thus extend the pipe's service life.

[0018] Optionally, the engine coolant pipe, the battery coolant pipe and the exhaust gas exhaust pipe are placed parallel to each other.

[0019] Optionally, the exhaust gas pipe is connected to an automobile exhaust pipe, and the automobile exhaust gas exchanges heat with the barium hydroxide in the barium hydroxide steel storage tank through the exhaust gas pipe.

[0020] According to the above technical means, the heat of automobile exhaust is stored through barium hydroxide steel storage tanks, which effectively recovers the waste heat of the engine and reduces the temperature of automobile exhaust emissions, thereby reducing urban thermal pollution and protecting the environment.

[0021] Optionally, the above-mentioned battery pack heating system further includes: a second switch element arranged between the heat storage element and the engine coolant heat transfer inlet, when the second switch element is in a conducting state, the heat storage element exchanges heat with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit; a third switch element arranged between the heat storage element and the battery coolant heat transfer inlet, when the third switch element is in a conducting state, the heat storage element exchanges heat with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit.

[0022] According to the above technical means, when the second switch is in the on state, the heat storage element is heat exchanged with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit, thereby realizing the recovery and storage of the heat of the engine coolant; when the third switch is in the on state, the heat storage element is heat exchanged with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit, thereby realizing the heating of the battery pack by utilizing the stored heat.

[0023] A second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle comprising the above-mentioned battery pack heating system.

[0024] According to the vehicle of the present application, through the above-mentioned battery pack heating system, the engine waste heat of the vehicle is recovered into the waste heat recovery storage tank, and the stored heat is used for battery heating and battery insulation at low temperatures, thereby effectively recovering the engine waste heat, achieving full recovery of thermal energy, energy saving and environmental protection, and at the same time, the stored heat can also be used for preheating when starting the vehicle in winter, effectively solving the problem of engine ignition difficulty in winter, thereby enhancing the user experience.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0026] (1) This application recovers the waste heat of the engine to heat the battery pack and keep the battery warm at low temperatures, effectively solving the problem of engine ignition difficulties in winter, thereby improving the user experience.

[0027] (2) The present application dissipates excess heat through a radiator, thereby reducing the temperature of the engine and ensuring the driving safety of the vehicle.

[0028] (3) This application realizes full recovery of thermal energy by recovering the waste heat of the engine, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. It also reduces the temperature of exhaust emissions, reduces urban thermal pollution, and protects the environment.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack heating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure for heating the battery by recovering engine waste heat according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 A pipe layout diagram of a barium hydroxide steel storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the exhaust gas flow of a barium hydroxide steel storage tank according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Among them, 1-heat storage component, 2-engine, 3-engine coolant storage tank, 4-battery coolant storage tank, 5-battery pack to be heated, 6-heat dissipation component, 7-first switch component, 8-engine coolant pipeline, 9-battery coolant pipeline, 10-exhaust exhaust pipe, 11-second switch component, 12-third switch component, 100-battery pack heating system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0036] The battery pack heating system of the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In response to the problems mentioned in the above background technology that the vehicle's engine is difficult to ignite at low temperatures in winter, and using battery power to heat the battery will affect the vehicle's endurance and performance, the present application provides a battery pack heating system, a heat storage component performs heat exchange with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit and stores the heat of the engine coolant, and the heat storage component performs heat exchange with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit, and the stored heat is used to heat the battery pack to be heated. According to the battery pack heating system of the embodiment of the present application, the engine waste heat is effectively recovered by recovering the vehicle's engine waste heat into the waste heat recovery storage tank, and the stored heat is used for battery heating and battery insulation at low temperatures, achieving full recovery of thermal energy, energy saving and environmental protection, and at the same time, the stored heat can also be used for preheating when starting the vehicle in winter, effectively solving the problem of difficult engine ignition in winter, thereby improving the user experience.

[0037] Specifically, Figure 1 A block diagram of a battery pack heating system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the power battery pack heating system 100 includes: a heat storage component 1, an engine 2, an engine coolant storage tank 3 and a battery coolant storage tank 4.

[0039] Among them, the engine coolant heat transfer outlet of the engine 2 is connected with the engine coolant storage tank 3, the heat storage component 1 and the engine coolant heat transfer inlet of the engine in sequence to form a waste heat recovery circuit, and the heat storage component 1 performs heat exchange with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit to store the heat of the engine coolant; the battery coolant heat transfer outlet of the battery pack 5 to be heated is connected with the battery coolant storage tank 4, the heat storage component 1 and the battery coolant heat transfer inlet of the battery pack 5 to be heated in sequence to form a battery pack heating circuit, and the heat storage component 1 performs heat exchange with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit to heat the battery pack 5 to be heated using the stored heat.

[0040] Specifically, the heat storage element 1 exchanges heat with the engine coolant to recover and store the heat of the engine coolant, thereby achieving full recovery of thermal energy and saving energy and protecting the environment. At the same time, the stored heat is used to heat the battery pack, which can effectively solve the problem of engine ignition difficulties in winter, thereby improving the user experience.

[0041] Optionally, in some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned battery pack heating system 100 also includes: a heat sink 6, one end of the heat sink 6 is connected to the engine coolant heat transfer outlet, and the other end of the heat sink 6 is connected to the engine coolant heat transfer inlet. When the stored heat of the heat storage element 1 meets the preset storage requirements, the heat sink 6 is used to dissipate heat for the engine 2.

[0042] Among them, the preset storage requirement can be a requirement pre-set by technical personnel in this field, such as the preset storage requirement is that the heat stored in the heat storage component 1 reaches saturation, or it can be a requirement obtained through a limited number of experiments, or it can be a requirement obtained through a limited number of computer simulations, which is not specifically limited here.

[0043] Specifically, when the vehicle engine 2 starts working, a large amount of heat will be generated. Part of the heat is carried by the circulating coolant of the engine, which increases the temperature of the circulating coolant of the engine. The circulating coolant with a higher temperature stores the heat in the heat storage component 1 during the circulation process. When the heat stored in the heat storage component 1 reaches saturation, the excess heat that is not stored in the engine coolant is dissipated by starting the heat sink 6, thereby reducing the temperature of the engine 2 and ensuring the driving safety of the vehicle.

[0044] Optionally, in some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned battery pack heating system 100 also includes: a first switch element 7 arranged between the heat sink 6 and the engine coolant heat transfer outlet. When the first switch element 7 is in the on state, the heat sink 6 is used to dissipate heat for the engine 2.

[0045] There are many types of heat sinks 6 , for example, cast iron radiators, steel radiators, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0046] Preferably, the first switch element 7 may be a radiator coolant pipeline control valve.

[0047] Specifically, when the heat stored in the heat storage element 1 has not reached saturation, the first switch element 7 is in a closed state, thereby fully recovering the waste heat of the engine 2; when the heat stored in the heat storage element 1 has reached saturation, the first switch element 7 is in an on state, and dissipates heat for the engine 2 through the heat sink 6, thereby reducing the temperature of the engine 2 and ensuring the driving safety of the vehicle.

[0048] Preferably, in some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the heat storage element 1 can be a barium hydroxide steel storage tank.

[0049] Furthermore, barium hydroxide has the advantages of high heat storage density, large thermal conductivity, abundant source, low price, and high phase change heat storage capacity per unit volume. At the same time, a vacuum steel thermos can stably store barium hydroxide, which has good thermal insulation properties and is safe and non-toxic. About 25% of the heat generated by automobile engine fuel is carried away by the coolant, and 35%-45% is carried away by the exhaust gas. The heat carried by automobile exhaust gas and coolant is considerable. Therefore, the present application uses barium hydroxide to store the heat carried by high-temperature automobile exhaust gas and coolant.

[0050] Optionally, in some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, an engine coolant pipeline 8, a battery coolant pipeline 9 and an exhaust gas exhaust pipeline 10 are arranged in the barium hydroxide steel storage tank.

[0051] Specifically, the heat storage component 1 is connected to the engine coolant pipeline 8, and is used for performing heat exchange with the engine coolant and storing the heat of the engine coolant; the heat storage component 1 is connected to the battery coolant pipeline 9, and is used for performing heat exchange with the battery coolant and using the stored heat to heat the battery pack 5 to be heated; the heat storage component 1 is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline 10, and is used for performing heat exchange with the exhaust gas and storing the heat in the exhaust gas.

[0052] Optionally, in some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the engine coolant pipe 8, the battery coolant pipe 9 and the exhaust gas pipe 10 are all S-shaped pipes.

[0053] Specifically, configuring the engine coolant pipe 8, the battery coolant pipe 9 and the exhaust gas pipe 10 as S-shaped pipes can reduce pipe wear, prevent pipe blockage, prevent pipe deformation, and enhance the impact resistance of the pipe, thereby extending the service life of the pipe.

[0054] Optionally, in some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the engine coolant pipe 8, the battery coolant pipe 9 and the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 10 are placed parallel to each other.

[0055] Optionally, in some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the exhaust gas pipe 10 is connected to the automobile exhaust pipe, and the automobile exhaust gas exchanges heat with the barium hydroxide in the barium hydroxide steel storage tank through the exhaust gas pipe.

[0056] Specifically, a portion of the heat generated when the engine is working is in the form of high-temperature exhaust gas. The exhaust pipe 10 stores the heat of the automobile exhaust gas by exchanging heat with the barium hydroxide in the barium hydroxide steel storage tank. The exhaust gas with reduced temperature after the heat exchange is discharged into the atmosphere, thereby effectively recovering the waste heat of the engine, reducing the exhaust temperature of the automobile, reducing urban heat pollution, and protecting the environment.

[0057] Optionally, in some embodiments, the above-mentioned battery pack heating system 100 further includes: a second switch element 11 arranged between the heat storage element 1 and the heat transfer inlet of the engine coolant, when the second switch element 11 is in the on state, the heat storage element 1 exchanges heat with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit; a third switch element 12 arranged between the heat storage element 1 and the heat transfer inlet of the battery coolant, when the third switch element 12 is in the on state, the heat storage element 1 exchanges heat with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit.

[0058] The second switch element 11 may be an engine coolant pipeline control valve, and the third switch element 12 may be a battery coolant pipeline control valve.

[0059] Specifically, when the starting water temperature of the engine 2 reaches a certain temperature at low temperature, the second switch 11 is turned on to start the waste heat recovery cycle, and then the third switch 12 is turned on to exchange heat between the coolant in the battery coolant storage tank 4 and the battery coolant pipeline 9 and the heat storage component 1, and the heat stored in the heat storage component 1 is extracted to heat the battery pack 5 to be heated.

[0060] It is understandable that under extremely low temperature conditions, the battery temperature is too low and there is no discharge power, which will cause the car to be unable to start. Therefore, the heat stored in the barium hydroxide can be used to insulate the battery to ensure that the battery temperature does not drop below the discharge range under extremely low temperatures.

[0061] Furthermore, when the vehicle is stationary in extremely low temperatures in winter, when the inspection function detects that the battery temperature is too low, it will control the opening of the third switch 12, and the coolant heated by barium hydroxide will keep the heated battery pack 5 warm, thereby effectively solving the problem of difficult engine ignition in winter.

[0062] According to the battery pack heating system of the embodiment of the present application, the heat storage component performs heat exchange with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit and stores the heat of the engine coolant. The heat storage component performs heat exchange with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit, and the stored heat is used to heat the battery pack to be heated. According to the battery pack heating system of the embodiment of the present application, by recovering the vehicle's engine waste heat into the waste heat recovery storage tank, and using the stored heat for battery heating and battery insulation at low temperatures, the engine waste heat is effectively recovered, and the full recovery of thermal energy is achieved, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. At the same time, the stored heat can also be used for preheating when starting the vehicle in winter, which effectively solves the problem of difficult engine ignition in winter, thereby improving the user experience.

[0063] An embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes the battery pack heating system of the above embodiment.

[0064] According to the vehicle of the present application, through the above-mentioned battery pack heating system, the engine waste heat of the vehicle is recovered into the waste heat recovery storage tank, and the stored heat is used for battery heating and battery insulation at low temperatures, thereby effectively recovering the engine waste heat, achieving full recovery of thermal energy, energy saving and environmental protection, and at the same time, the stored heat can also be used for preheating when starting the vehicle in winter, effectively solving the problem of engine ignition difficulty in winter, thereby enhancing the user experience.

[0065] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0066] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0067] It should be understood that the various parts of the present application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the N steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array, a field programmable gate array, etc.

[0068] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned embodiment method may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0069] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery pack heating system, characterized in that: include: A heat storage component, an engine, an engine coolant storage tank, and a battery coolant storage tank, wherein: The engine coolant heat transfer outlet of the engine is connected to the engine coolant storage tank, the heat storage element and the engine coolant heat transfer inlet of the engine in sequence to form a waste heat recovery loop, and the heat storage element performs heat exchange with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery loop to store the heat of the engine coolant; The battery coolant heat transfer outlet of the battery pack to be heated is connected to the battery coolant storage tank, the heat storage component and the battery coolant heat transfer inlet of the battery pack to be heated in sequence to form a battery pack heating circuit. The heat storage component performs heat exchange with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit, and uses the stored heat to heat the battery pack to be heated.

2. The battery pack heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A heat sink, one end of which is connected to the engine coolant heat transfer outlet, and the other end of which is connected to the engine coolant heat transfer inlet. When the stored heat of the heat storage element meets the preset storage requirements, the heat sink is used to dissipate heat for the engine.

3. The battery pack heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A first switch element is disposed between the heat sink and the engine coolant heat transfer outlet. When the first switch element is in a conducting state, the heat sink dissipates heat for the engine through the heat sink.

4. The battery pack heating system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The heat storage component is a barium hydroxide steel storage tank.

5. The battery pack heating system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The barium hydroxide steel storage tank is provided with an engine coolant pipeline, a battery coolant pipeline and an exhaust gas exhaust pipeline.

6. The battery pack heating system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The engine coolant pipeline, the battery coolant pipeline and the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline are all S-shaped pipelines.

7. The battery pack heating system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The engine coolant pipe, the battery coolant pipe and the exhaust gas pipe are placed parallel to each other.

8. The battery pack heating system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The exhaust gas pipe is connected to the automobile exhaust pipe, and the automobile exhaust gas exchanges heat with the barium hydroxide in the barium hydroxide steel storage tank through the exhaust gas pipe.

9. The battery pack heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a second switch element disposed between the heat storage element and the heat transfer inlet of the engine coolant, wherein when the second switch element is in a conducting state, the heat storage element performs heat exchange with the engine coolant in the waste heat recovery circuit; A third switch element is disposed between the heat storage element and the battery coolant heat transfer inlet. When the third switch element is in a conducting state, the heat storage element exchanges heat with the battery coolant in the battery pack heating circuit.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: A battery pack heating system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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