River shoal ecological restoration structure for attracting birds

Abstract

The utility model discloses a river shoal ecological restoration structure for attracting birds, which comprises a river bank vertical section structure and specifically comprises plant isolation areas arranged along the banks on the two sides of a river channel as well as a water level variation area, a shallow water area and a deep water area which are arranged according to a river channel shoreline, and the river channel shoreline comprises a river channel bent section and a river channel straight section; the plant isolation areas on the two sides of the straight section of the river channel are connected through shallow water areas, the water level changing area and the deep water area of the bent section of the river channel are connected through shallow water areas, the water level changing area is arranged on the convex bank of the bent section of the river channel, and the deep water area is arranged on the concave bank of the bent section of the river channel. According to the utility model, by arranging the zigzag near-natural river bank lines and the areas with different water depths, not only is the natural landscape effect of the river shoal improved, but also the ecological function of the river shoal is recovered; meanwhile, a habitat suitable for birds to inhabit is built, more birds are attracted to stay, and the biological diversity is enriched; in addition, the designed river channel structure guarantees completeness and stress resistance of the river shoal, and the goal of ecological restoration is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds. Background Art

[0002] Ecological civilization construction is not a simple greening, but a complex and systematic project. Birds are an important part of the ecological natural system. There is a food chain relationship between each species. They are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, maintaining the balanced development of the ecology. Studies have shown that birds have a monitoring role in the natural ecosystem environment, can respond to environmental changes in the first time, are easy to observe and study, and are an indicator of whether a region's ecological indicators are qualified.

[0003] In the process of river beach ecological restoration, most of the habitat and breeding needs of waterfowl and other birds are not fully considered, and more emphasis is often placed on aesthetic effects or water quality improvement. It is a necessary step to restore and improve the environment according to the habitat needs of birds living in the area, which is conducive to improving the rationality and stability of the regional ecosystem structure.

[0004] After searching, the Chinese utility model application document with the existing announcement number CN207092007U discloses an ecological wave-breaking revetment with bird-attracting function, "including a soft planting soil layer, double rows of wave-breaking piles and bird-stopping piles laid in the tidal flat area, plants are planted on the soft planting soil layer, the double rows of wave-breaking piles are inserted obliquely into the soft planting soil layer at a certain distance in front and behind, a number of grooves are set between the double rows of wave-breaking piles, willow nets are connected between the wave-breaking piles exposed on the surface, and a number of bird-stopping columns are inserted between the row of wave-breaking piles closer to the shore." Although the utility model transforms the shoreline into a habitat suitable for birds to stay and move in the tidal flat area by laying a soft planting soil layer, setting double rows of wave-breaking piles and bird-stopping piles, and promoting the creation of animal and plant habitats in the entire lakeside area by combining aquatic plants. However, its main functional design focuses on the wave-breaking performance of the revetment area, rather than river ecological restoration mainly for attracting birds. In other words, the utility model fails to fully consider the original terrain features, such as the asymmetry of the natural coastline, the different depths of the waters and the changes in the water level; in addition, although the utility model mentions the planting soil layer, it lacks an in-depth analysis of the configuration of bird food plants and habitat plants, which limits its ability to attract birds and create a bird ecological environment in actual applications. In summary, the utility model has certain limitations in terms of systematicity, terrain adaptability and plant configuration. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art mentioned above, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds. Through the analysis of the original river beach terrain, based on the original terrain in accordance with the natural laws of water flow, the river bank line is designed and constructed in plane, the river bank line is built into a tortuous near-natural form, the river bank cross-sectional structure is built, different water depths are set, and the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in each section of the river is formed, thereby enhancing the natural landscape effect of the river beach, while restoring its ecological function and meeting the needs of birds for habitats, so as to attract more birds to inhabit and stay, further enhance the biodiversity of the environment, and make the river beach ecosystem more complete and rich, and more resistant to adversities.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds, comprising a river bank vertical section structure, wherein the river bank vertical section structure comprises a plant isolation zone, a water level change zone, a shallow water zone and a deep water zone, wherein the plant isolation zone is arranged along the banks on both sides of the river channel, the water level change zone, the shallow water zone and the deep water zone are arranged according to the river channel shoreline, the river channel shoreline comprises a river channel curved section and a river channel straight section, the plant isolation zones on both sides of the river channel straight section are connected through the shallow water zone, the water level change zone is arranged at the convex bank of the river channel curved section, the deep water zone is arranged at the concave bank of the river channel curved section, and the water level change zone and the deep water zone of the river channel curved section are also connected through the shallow water zone.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in the curved section of the river channel includes a water level change zone, a shallow water area 1, a deep water area and a plant isolation area on both sides of the river channel; the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in the straight section of the river channel includes a shallow water area 2 and a plant isolation area on both sides of the river channel; the connected areas of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in the same river section are connected by a gentle slope.

[0009] Furthermore, sand, gravel and pebbles are laid in the water level change zone, and stone piles or fish nest bricks are provided in the second shallow water zone.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the distance between the deep water areas at two adjacent concave banks is 5-7 times the width of the river channel.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the plant isolation zone is more than 50m away from the water shoreline, the width of the plant isolation zone ranges from 10-30m and the maximum height is greater than 5m.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, emergent plants are planted in the water level fluctuation zone, and the planting area of ​​the emergent plants in the water level fluctuation zone is less than 1 / 3 of the area of ​​the water level fluctuation zone.

[0013] As a further preferred technical solution, the water depth of the water level change zone is 0-0.3m and the slope is not greater than 10°; the water depth of the deep water zone is greater than 1.0m; and the water depth of the shallow water zone is 0.3-1.0m.

[0014] As a further preferred technical solution, the plant isolation zone is planted with a tree-shrub-grass plant community, which includes trees, shrubs and lawns; the deep water zone is planted with floating leaf plants and submerged plants; the shallow water zone is planted with emergent plants, and submerged plants are also planted in the shallow water zone with a water depth greater than 0.7m.

[0015] Furthermore, the plant configurations of trees, shrubs and emergent plants each include at least one food plant for birds.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the emergent plants are planted in an area with a water depth of less than 0.4 m and the planting density ranges from 10 to 25 plants / m 2 Floating-leaf plants are planted in still or slow-flowing waters with a water depth of 0.5-1.5m, and submerged plants are planted in waters with a water depth of 0.7-2m.

[0017] As described above, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The utility model is a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds. The layout of the plane shoreline conforms to the natural law of water erosion, creating a near-natural river beach, which helps to reduce the traces of human intervention and enhance the natural beauty of the river beach. While providing a more suitable habitat for birds, it also helps to reduce river bank erosion, stabilize the river morphology, and enhance the ecological function of the river beach.

[0019] (2) The utility model is a riverbank ecological restoration structure for attracting birds. By dividing the water body into various types from land to water, including shallow water areas, deep water areas, etc., a vertical cross-sectional structure of the riverbank with different ecological environments is constructed, which meets the survival needs of wetland organisms and various types of birds, increases biodiversity, forms a complete food chain, expands the ecological circle, and creates a stable ecosystem. This ecosystem can attract more birds and promote the restoration and protection of the riverbank ecology.

[0020] (3) The utility model is a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds. On the basis of fully considering the habitat, foraging and breeding needs of birds, plants that attract birds are used as the main combination in the ecological restoration measures. Specifically, by planting emergent, floating and submerged plants in shallow water areas, a rich aquatic plant environment is formed, which not only provides a main activity place for fish and aquatic animals, but also attracts waterfowl and wading birds that feed on fish. At the same time, these plants can also serve as their food source, shelter and nesting material; by planting aquatic plants such as floating leaves and submerged plants in deep water areas, the oxygen content in the surface layer is higher than that in the bottom layer, so that the number of plankton in the surface layer is the largest, which can provide a large amount of food for fish and is a good wintering place for fish. Therefore, the water area can become a place for waterfowl to forage in winter, which can increase the number and species of birds and further enhance the stability and biodiversity of the river beach ecosystem.

[0021] (4) The utility model is a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds, which is provided with a plant isolation zone. Specifically, by setting an isolation zone composed mainly of tall trees and shrubs at the interface facing the city, it can reduce the impact of surrounding urban activities on the river beach ecology, ensure the habitat space for birds, and at the same time beautify the urban landscape and enhance the harmonious coexistence of the city and nature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The utility model discloses a planar shoreline layout diagram of a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds.

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank at the river bend at point aa.

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in the straight section of the river channel at point bb.

[0025] Among them, the specific descriptions of the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1. Plant isolation zone; 11. Trees; 12. Shrubs; 13. Lawn; 2. Water level change zone; 21. Sand and gravel; 22. Pebbles; 31. Shallow water area 1; 32. Shallow water area 2; 33. Rock pile; 4. Deep water area; 6. Emergent plants; 7. Floating leaf plants; 8. Submerged plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the positional relationships indicated by terms such as “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” cited in this specification are based on the positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] Example

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds, including a river bank vertical section structure, the river bank vertical section structure includes a plant isolation zone 1, a water level change zone 2, a shallow water area and a deep water area 4, the plant isolation zone 1 is set along the banks on both sides of the river channel, the water level change zone 2, the shallow water area and the deep water area 4 are arranged according to the river channel coastline, the river channel coastline includes a river channel bend section and a river channel straight section, the plant isolation zones 1 on both sides of the river channel straight section are connected by a shallow water area, the water level change zone 2 is set at the convex bank of the river channel bend section, the water level change zone 2 has a small slope, and the water level change zone 2 is paved with sand and gravel 21 and pebbles 22, and emergent plants are planted; the deep water area 4 is arranged at the concave bank of the river bend, the water depth of the deep water area 4 is greater than 1.0m, the distance between the deep water areas 4 at two adjacent concave banks is 5-7 times the width of the river, the concave bank is often steep due to water erosion, and the deep water area 4 with a water depth greater than 1.0m can be constructed for fish growth; the water level change area 2 and the deep water area 4 in the river bend are also connected by a shallow water area, and the different connected areas in the vertical section structure of the river bank are connected by gentle slopes, and a variety of habitats are arranged from land to water by combining a plane near-natural coastline layout.

[0030] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the width of the river channel is 10-15m. Among them, the section aa is the vertical section structure of the river bank of the river channel bend section. Since the water depth of the river channel bend section varies a lot and the structure is complex, the vertical section structure of the river bank of the river channel bend section includes the water level change area 2, the shallow water area 1, the deep water area 4 and the plant isolation area 1 on both sides of the river channel; the section bb is the vertical section structure of the river bank of the straight section of the river channel. Since the structure of the straight section of the river channel is simple, the vertical section structure of the river bank of the straight section of the river channel includes the shallow water area 2 32 and the plant isolation area 1 on both sides of the river channel; different areas of the vertical section structure of the river bank at the same place are connected by gentle slopes.

[0031] The shoreline layout and plant configuration of the plant isolation zone 1 at the straight section of the river channel are the same as those of the plant isolation zone 1 at the curved section of the river channel. The plant isolation zone 1 is more than 50m away from the water shoreline and has a width ranging from 10-30m. In this embodiment, the plant isolation zone 1 is 60m away from the water shoreline, the width of the plant isolation zone 1 is 10m and the maximum height is greater than 5m. A tree-shrub-grass plant community is planted in the plant isolation zone 1, and the tree-shrub-grass plant community includes trees 11, shrubs 12 and lawns 13. Specifically, the types of trees 11 planted include but are not limited to one or more combinations of peach, Chinese tallow tree, metasequoia or tulip tree, wherein peach, Chinese tallow tree and metasequoia are all food source plants for birds, and the fruit ripening period is June-August, October-November and October-December respectively, and all can provide food for birds; the types of shrubs 12 planted include but are not limited to one or more combinations of winter jasmine, pittosporum or honeysuckle, wherein winter jasmine and pittosporum are both suitable for birds to hide and live, and honeysuckle is a food source plant for birds, with a flowering period of May-June and a fruit ripening period of August-October. Among them, the height of peach trees is generally 3-8m, the height of Chinese tallow trees is generally 10-15m, the height of metasequoia is generally 8-12m, and the height of tulip tree is generally 10-15m, all of which meet the requirement that the maximum height of the plant isolation zone 1 is greater than 5m. Through the plant isolation zone 1 composed mainly of tall trees and shrubs 12, the impact of surrounding cities and human activities can be reduced, and the habitat space for birds can be guaranteed.

[0032] The water depth of the water level change zone 2 is 0-0.3m and the slope is not greater than 10°. In this embodiment, the water depth of the water level change zone 2 is 0-0.2m and the slope is 8-10°. Sand and gravel 21 and pebbles 22 are paved in the water level change zone 2, and tall emergent plants 6 such as pampas grass and yellow calamus are planted locally. The height of pampas grass is generally 2-3m, and the height of yellow calamus is generally 1.5m. The planting area of ​​the emergent plants 6 planted in the water level change zone 2 is less than 1 / 3 of the area of ​​the water level change zone 2, which ensures the openness of the overall area in the water level change zone 2 while providing the necessary shelter area for the organisms.

[0033] The water depth of the deep water area 4 is greater than 1.0m. In the present embodiment, the water depth of the deep water area 4 is 1.0m-2.0m. There are floating leaf plants 7 and submerged plants 8 planted therein. The floating leaf plants 7 planted therein include but are not limited to water lilies, and the submerged plants 8 planted therein include but are not limited to one or more combinations of water chestnuts or golden hornwort. Since the aquatic plants in the deep water area 4 mainly include floating leaf plants 7 and submerged plants 8, the oxygen content in the surface layer is higher than that in the bottom layer in the deep water area 4, so that the number of plankton in the surface layer is the largest, providing a large amount of food for fish, and being a good wintering place for fish, so the waters of the deep water area 4 can become a place for waterfowl to forage in winter. Since the spacing between the deep water areas 4 at two adjacent concave banks is 5-7 times the width of the river channel, in the present embodiment, the spacing between the deep water areas 4 at two adjacent concave banks is 50-80m.

[0034] The water depth of the shallow water area is 0.3-1.0m. There are tracts of emergent plants 6 planted in the shallow water area, and floating leaf plants 7 are matched therewith. Submerged plants 8 are also planted in the shallow water area with a water depth greater than 0.7m. The floating leaf plants 7 planted in the shallow water area include but are not limited to water lilies, and the emergent plants 6 planted in the shallow water area include but are not limited to one or more combinations of reeds, cattails or irises. Among them, reeds and irises are food plants for birds. By creating a rich aquatic plant environment in the shallow water area, it is possible to provide a major activity place for fish and aquatic animals, thereby attracting swimming birds and wading birds that feed on fish, while providing them with food, shelter and nesting materials. In this embodiment, the water depth of the shallow water area 1 31 at the curved section of the river channel is 0.4-0.8m, and the water depth of the shallow water area 2 32 at the straight section of the river channel is 0.3-1.0m. Stone piles 33 or fish nest bricks are arranged in part of the shallow water area 2 32. The stone piles 33 or fish nest bricks can be used to shape a changeable water flow environment, enrich flow field conditions, create a suitable living environment for fish, benthic organisms, etc., and provide spawning places and migration channels for fish.

[0035] In the vertical cross-section structure of the river bank, among the plants planted in the above-mentioned areas, the planting density of emergent plants 6 is controlled at 10-25 plants / m 2 , and preferably planted in an area with a water depth of less than 0.4m. Floating-leaf plants 7 are planted in still or slow-flowing waters with a water depth of 0.5-1.5m, and submerged plants 8 are planted in waters with a water depth of 0.7-2m.

[0036] Although the above embodiments have been specifically described for the present invention, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the guidance of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds, characterized in that: The invention comprises a river bank vertical section structure, wherein the river bank vertical section structure comprises a plant isolation zone (1), a water level change zone (2), a shallow water zone and a deep water zone (4); the plant isolation zone (1) is arranged along the banks on both sides of the river channel; the water level change zone (2), the shallow water zone and the deep water zone (4) are arranged according to the river channel shoreline; the river channel shoreline comprises a river channel bend section and a river channel straight section; the plant isolation zones (1) on both sides of the river channel straight section are connected by a shallow water zone; the water level change zone (2) is arranged at the convex bank of the river channel bend section; the deep water zone (4) is arranged at the concave bank of the river channel bend section; and the water level change zone (2) and the deep water zone (4) of the river channel bend section are also connected by a shallow water zone.

2. A river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in the curved section of the river channel includes a water level fluctuation zone (2), a shallow water zone 1 (31), a deep water zone (4) and a plant isolation zone (1) on both sides of the river channel; the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in the straight section of the river channel includes a shallow water zone 2 (32) and a plant isolation zone (1) on both sides of the river channel; the connected areas of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the river bank in the same river section are connected by a gentle slope.

3. A river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water level change zone (2) is paved with sandstone (21) and pebbles (22), and the second shallow water zone (32) is provided with a pile of stones (33) or fish nest bricks.

4. The river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The distance between the deep water areas (4) at two adjacent concave banks is 5-7 times the width of the river channel.

5. The river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The plant isolation zone (1) is more than 50m away from the waterfront, the width of the plant isolation zone (1) is in the range of 10-30m and the maximum height is greater than 5m.

6. The river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Emergent plants (6) are planted in the water level fluctuation zone (2), and the planting area of ​​the emergent plants (6) in the water level fluctuation zone (2) is less than 1 / 3 of the area of ​​the water level fluctuation zone (2).

7. A river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water depth of the water level change zone (2) is 0-0.3 m and the slope is not greater than 10°; the water depth of the deep water zone (4) is greater than 1.0 m; and the water depth of the shallow water zone is 0.3-1.0 m.

8. The river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plant isolation zone (1) is planted with a tree-shrub-grass plant community, and the tree-shrub-grass plant community includes trees (11), shrubs (12) and lawns (13); the deep water zone (4) is planted with floating leaf plants (7) and submerged plants (8); the shallow water zone is planted with emergent plants (6), and the shallow water zone with a water depth greater than 0.7m is also planted with submerged plants (8).

9. The river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 8, characterized in that: In each of the plant arrangements of the trees (11), the shrubs (12) and the emergent plants (6), at least one food plant for birds is included.

10. The river beach ecological restoration structure for attracting birds according to claim 8, characterized in that: The emergent plants (6) are planted in an area with a water depth of less than 0.4 m and the planting density ranges from 10 to 25 plants / m 2 ; Floating leaf plants (7) are planted in still water or slow-flowing waters with a water depth of 0.5-1.5m; submerged plants (8) are planted in waters with a water depth of 0.7-2m.

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