Hydrogen production and storage system for quick response of fuel cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cell quick response, which comprises a hydrogen storage system and a fuel cell system, a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage system supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell system, the hydrogen storage system comprises a shell, a solid hydrogen storage container and a gaseous hydrogen storage container are arranged in the shell, and a heat exchange water tank is arranged in the shell. The solid hydrogen storage container is located in the heat exchange water tank, the heat exchange water tank is communicated with the hot water unit, and the solid hydrogen storage container and the gaseous hydrogen storage container are both communicated with the hydrogen outlet. The utility model has the advantage that the problem of slow cold start response speed of a solid hydrogen storage device and a fuel cell system can be solved. Due to the fact that the solid-state hydrogen storage system can not achieve timely supply of hydrogen at the near room temperature / low temperature, the hydrogen storage system comprises the gaseous hydrogen storage container and the solid-state hydrogen storage container at the same time, and rapid supply of high-purity hydrogen and rapid response of the fuel cell under the hydrogen using condition at the near room temperature / low temperature are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of hydrogen energy, and in particular relates to a hydrogen production and storage system for a fuel cell with rapid response. Background Art

[0002] It is estimated that by 2030, my country's annual demand for hydrogen will reach 40 million tons, and the output of hydrogen produced by electrolysis from renewable energy will account for more than 10%, of which the demand for green hydrogen power generation will reach 200,000 tons. The rapidly growing renewable energy hydrogen production industry will drive the coordinated development of the mid- and downstream hydrogen energy industries.

[0003] In the hydrogen energy industry chain, storage and transportation are important links in the hydrogen economy, and the storage and transportation costs account for 30% of the terminal hydrogen price. Among various methods of hydrogen storage and transportation, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has great potential in energy conversion and utilization due to its advantages such as high safety, high volume hydrogen storage density, and full use of fuel cell waste heat to reduce system energy consumption. Therefore, it has been widely studied at home and abroad, and has broad application scenarios in the fields of on-board hydrogen storage, distributed energy supply, emergency power generation, and power peak regulation.

[0004] At present, the most widely used in solid-state hydrogen storage is hydrogen storage alloy, and there are two main technical routes for hydrogen storage alloy: one is to use small portable solid-state hydrogen storage containers for fuel cell patrol cars or shared bicycles. The hydrogen storage containers involved in this field are small in size and hydrogen storage capacity, and do not need to be equipped with cold / hot water units; the second is that medium and large solid-state hydrogen storage containers are used for distributed energy supply or power generation. The solid-state hydrogen storage containers designed in this field have a large hydrogen storage capacity and usually need to be equipped with cold water units and hot water units. In order to improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system, sometimes the waste heat of the fuel cell is used instead of the hot water unit to provide the heat required for the hydrogen storage alloy to release hydrogen. However, in the second technical route, there is often a mismatch between the cold start speed of the fuel cell and the hydrogen release rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage, resulting in a slow system response speed and the inability to achieve instant and stable external power generation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response, using circulating water as a heat exchange medium, and through the coupling of a solid hydrogen storage container and a gaseous hydrogen storage container inside a hydrogen storage device, rapid hydrogen release and fuel cell operation are achieved at the initial stage of system startup, greatly shortening the time required from starting the solid hydrogen storage device to normally supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell, solving the problem of mismatch between solid hydrogen storage technology and the cold start response rate of the fuel cell.

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A hydrogen production and storage system for rapid response of a fuel cell comprises a hydrogen storage system and a fuel cell system. The hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage system supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell system. The hydrogen storage system comprises a shell, in which a solid hydrogen storage container and a gaseous hydrogen storage container are arranged. A heat exchange water tank is arranged in the shell, the solid hydrogen storage container is located in the heat exchange water tank, the heat exchange water tank is connected to a hot water unit, and both the solid hydrogen storage container and the gaseous hydrogen storage container are connected to the hydrogen outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a hydrogen production power supply system, a water electrolysis hydrogen production system and a hydrogen purification system. The hydrogen production power supply system supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the water electrolysis hydrogen production system supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen purification system, and the hydrogen purification system supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage system.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydrogen production power supply system receives electric energy in the form of power grid, photovoltaic or wind power and supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrogen production power supply system includes a transformer and rectifier device and a control device.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydrogen purification system includes a hydrogen purification device.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydrogen purification device is a combination of one or more of a pressure swing adsorption purification device, a temperature swing adsorption purification device and a membrane separation purification device.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a chiller, which is connected to the water exchange tank.

[0014] Furthermore, a circulation pipeline is formed between the heat exchange water tank and the chiller, and a circulation water pump is provided on the circulation pipeline.

[0015] Furthermore, the hot water unit includes a fuel cell system, in which a waste heat water tank is provided, and the waste heat water tank is connected to the heat exchange water tank.

[0016] Furthermore, a circulation pipeline is formed between the waste heat tank and the heat exchange water tank, and a circulation water pump is provided on the circulation pipeline.

[0017] The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response constructed by the utility model has the following advantages compared with the existing solutions:

[0018] 1. It can solve the problem of slow cold start response of solid-state hydrogen storage devices and fuel cell systems. Since the solid-state hydrogen storage system cannot realize the timely supply of hydrogen at near room temperature / low temperature, the hydrogen storage system adopted by the utility model includes both gaseous hydrogen storage containers and solid-state hydrogen storage containers, ensuring the rapid supply of high-purity hydrogen and the rapid response of the fuel cell under the hydrogen use conditions at near room temperature / low temperature.

[0019] 2. It can solve the problem of large footprint and complex equipment of hydrogen storage system. The hydrogen storage system of the utility model adopts an integrated shell design, and the device contains gaseous hydrogen storage containers and solid hydrogen storage containers. It meets the overall hydrogen consumption of the system while ensuring the hydrogen supply response speed, and avoids the use of buffer tanks in previous solid-state hydrogen storage systems, solving the problem of large footprint and complex equipment of hydrogen storage system.

[0020] 3. It solves the problem of waste heat utilization of fuel cells and energy consumption of solid-state hydrogen storage. The hydrogen release reaction of hydrogen storage alloys is an endothermic reaction, and the reaction enthalpy ranges from 20 to 60 kJ / mol. The temperature of the hot water generated after the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell can meet the heating requirements of common hydrogen storage alloys, while maintaining the return water temperature of the electrochemical reaction. In order to ensure continuous and stable power generation of the fuel cell, the utility model innovatively transfers the waste heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell into the solid-state hydrogen storage device through a circulating water pump along the hot water pipeline, thereby promoting the hydrogen release reaction and realizing efficient energy supply and utilization.

[0021] The aforementioned main scheme of the utility model and its further options can be freely combined to form multiple schemes, all of which are schemes that can be adopted and protected by the utility model; and in the utility model, (non-conflicting options) options and other options can also be freely combined. After understanding this scheme, those skilled in the art can understand that there are many combinations based on the existing technology and common knowledge, all of which are technical schemes to be protected by the utility model, and they are not exhaustively listed here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the utility model process.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage system of the utility model.

[0024] In the figure: 1-hydrogen production power supply system, 2-water electrolysis hydrogen production system, 3-hydrogen purification system, 4-chiller, 5-hydrogen storage system, 6-fuel cell system, 7-circulating water pump, 5.1-shell, 5.2-solid hydrogen storage container, 5.3-gaseous hydrogen storage container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a hydrogen production and storage system for rapid response of a fuel cell includes a hydrogen production power supply system 1, a water electrolysis hydrogen production system 2, a hydrogen purification system 3, a chiller 4, a hydrogen storage system 5 and a fuel cell system 6.

[0027] The hydrogen production power supply system 1 includes a transformer and rectifier device and a control device. The transformer and rectifier device of the hydrogen production power supply system 1 receives electric energy in the form of power grid, photovoltaic or wind power, and after power conversion, is regulated by the control device to supply power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 2 and other process systems. The water electrolysis hydrogen production system 2 receives the power provided by the hydrogen production power supply system 1 and generates hydrogen through an electrochemical process.

[0028] The hydrogen purification system 3 includes a hydrogen purification device and other supporting auxiliary equipment. The hydrogen purification device is a combination of one or more of a pressure swing adsorption purification device, a temperature swing adsorption purification device and a membrane separation purification device. The hydrogen purification system 3 purifies the water electrolysis hydrogen production system 2. After the hydrogen is processed by the purification device, the purity is further improved, and then it enters the hydrogen storage system 5 through the hydrogen pipeline.

[0029] The hydrogen storage system 5 can store the purified hydrogen by utilizing the solid-state hydrogen storage principle of the hydrogen storage alloy and the gas hydrogen storage method of the gas container. The hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage system 5 supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell system 6. When the fuel cell system 6 needs to work, the stored hydrogen is released for use by the fuel cell.

[0030] The hydrogen storage system 5 includes a shell 5.1, a solid hydrogen storage container 5.2 and a gaseous hydrogen storage container 5.3. The solid hydrogen storage container 5.2 and the gaseous hydrogen storage container 5.3 are arranged in the shell 5.1. A heat exchange water tank is arranged in the shell 5.1. The solid hydrogen storage container 5.2 is located in the heat exchange water tank. The cold / hot water flowing through the heat exchange water tank provides the required heat for the solid hydrogen storage container to absorb and release hydrogen.

[0031] The solid hydrogen storage container 5.2 and the gaseous hydrogen storage container 5.3 are both connected to the hydrogen outlet, and filters are set at the inlet and outlet of the hydrogen storage container head to prevent hydrogen storage alloy powder from entering the hydrogen pipeline. Solid hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage are combined, and gaseous hydrogen storage is first used to achieve rapid gas supply, and after the solid hydrogen storage gas supply conditions are met, continuous gas supply is achieved.

[0032] The chiller 4 is connected to the heat exchange water tank, and a circulation pipeline is formed between the heat exchange water tank and the chiller 4. A circulation water pump 7 is provided on the circulation pipeline. When the solid hydrogen storage container 5.2 of the hydrogen storage system 5 absorbs hydrogen, the chiller 4 is used to cool the solid hydrogen storage container 5.3 to facilitate hydrogen absorption.

[0033] The heat exchange tank is connected to the hot water unit, and the hot water unit includes a fuel cell system 6. A waste heat tank is provided in the fuel cell system 6. The waste heat tank is connected to the heat exchange tank. A circulation pipeline is formed between the waste heat tank and the heat exchange tank. A circulation water pump 7 is provided on the circulation pipeline. When the solid hydrogen storage container 5.2 of the hydrogen storage system 5 is discharged, the waste heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system 6 is used to heat it to increase the hydrogen discharge rate. Similarly, if the waste heat cannot meet the hydrogen discharge demand, external hot water can also be used to supplement it.

[0034] When there is a demand for hydrogen storage, first open the cold water inlet and outlet valves of the hydrogen storage system and the circulating water pump connected to the cold water pipeline to pre-cool the solid hydrogen storage container. Then the hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen production system passes through the hydrogen purification system, and the obtained high-purity hydrogen (99.99%) enters the hydrogen storage system through the hydrogen pipeline. By observing and controlling the pressure gauge and solenoid valve at the front end of the hydrogen storage device, hydrogen is supplied to the gaseous hydrogen storage container and the solid hydrogen storage container. The chiller provides 10-15°C cold water to the hydrogen storage system 5 during the hydrogen storage process to increase the hydrogen absorption rate of the solid hydrogen storage container. After the hydrogen absorption reaction is completed, close the solenoid valve at the front end of the hydrogen storage system and stop passing cold water.

[0035] When there is a demand for hydrogen, the release of hydrogen is controlled by the solenoid valve at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage system. At the same time, the hot water inlet and outlet valves of the hydrogen storage system and the circulating water pump connected to the hot water pipeline are opened. The gaseous hydrogen storage container supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell under near room temperature / low temperature conditions. When the fuel cell generates waste heat to meet the hydrogen release demand of the solid-state hydrogen storage container, the solid-state hydrogen storage container is opened to release hydrogen to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell.

[0036] The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response constructed by the utility model can solve the following problems:

[0037] 1. The hydrogen storage device combines solid-state hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage. When the fuel cell is cold-started, the gaseous hydrogen storage container first releases hydrogen to the outside, which enables the hydrogen storage device to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell in a near-normal temperature environment, buying time for the fuel cell to generate sufficient waste heat and for the hydrogen storage alloy to release hydrogen stably.

[0038] 2. The dehydrogenation reaction of hydrogen storage alloy is an endothermic reaction, and the reaction enthalpy ranges from 20 to 60 KJ / (mol·K). In this system, the waste heat of the fuel cell is used to provide the heat required for the solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation reaction, avoiding the use of electric heaters and reducing the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0039] 3. The hydrogen storage device is an integrated design of solid hydrogen storage container and gaseous hydrogen storage container, which reduces the complexity and floor space of the hydrogen storage system, while increasing the convenience of transportation, disassembly and use.

[0040] Implementation Case 1

[0041] Taking the hydrogen production, storage and use system for renewable energy as an example, the system includes subsystems such as photovoltaic / wind power generation, PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, fuel cells and electrical control. In order to ensure system safety and domestic electricity in the event of power failure, hydrogen fuel cells are used for emergency power generation for the system, with a power generation time of 2 hours.

[0042] The hydrogen storage system includes an integrated gaseous / solid hydrogen storage container: the solid hydrogen storage container is made of 316L stainless steel, the outer diameter of the pipe is 144mm, the wall thickness is 12mm, the length is 2.1m, the effective volume is 23.7L, and the effective overall pressure resistance is 10MPa; the gaseous hydrogen storage container is made of 316L stainless steel, the outer diameter of the pipe is 624mm, the wall thickness is 12mm, the length is 2.1m, the effective volume is 593.5L, and the effective overall pressure resistance is 10MPa. The ratio of the number of gaseous hydrogen storage containers to solid hydrogen storage containers in the hydrogen storage device is 1:8, including 8 solid hydrogen storage containers and 1 gaseous hydrogen storage container. The solid hydrogen storage alloy is a Ti-Mn alloy that can absorb and desorb hydrogen at near room temperature and pressure (hydrogen absorption enthalpy change -28.5kJ / molH 2 , enthalpy change of hydrogen release 28.5 kJ / molH 2 ). The fuel cell has a rated power of 100kw, a power generation efficiency of 50%, and the power generation is consistent with the heat generation. According to calculations, the hydrogen storage system dehydrogenation time is 7200s, and the average hydrogen dehydrogenation heat absorption power of the hydrogen storage material is 29.7kW. In this scenario, the fuel cell generates waste heat from stable operation to meet the heat required for solid-state hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation, and the gas container can meet the rapid cold start of the fuel cell.

[0043] The above basic examples and further optional examples of the utility model can be freely combined to form multiple embodiments, which are all embodiments that can be adopted and claimed for protection by the utility model. In the scheme of the utility model, each optional example can be arbitrarily combined with any other basic examples and optional examples.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production and storage system for a fuel cell with rapid response, comprising a hydrogen storage system (5) and a fuel cell system (6), wherein the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage system (5) supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell system (6), and is characterized in that: The hydrogen storage system (5) comprises a shell (5.1), wherein a solid hydrogen storage container (5.2) and a gaseous hydrogen storage container (5.3) are arranged in the shell (5.1), a heat exchange water tank is arranged in the shell (5.1), the solid hydrogen storage container (5.2) is located in the heat exchange water tank, the heat exchange water tank is connected to the hot water unit, and the solid hydrogen storage container (5.2) and the gaseous hydrogen storage container (5.3) are both connected to the hydrogen outlet.

2. The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a hydrogen production power supply system (1), a water electrolysis hydrogen production system (2) and a hydrogen purification system (3), wherein the hydrogen production power supply system (1) supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system (2), the water electrolysis hydrogen production system (2) supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen purification system (3), and the hydrogen purification system (3) supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen storage system (5).

3. The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The hydrogen production power supply system (1) receives electric energy in the form of power grid, photovoltaic power or wind power and supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production system (2).

4. The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen production power supply system (1) comprises a voltage transformation and rectification device and a control device.

5. The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen purification system (3) comprises a hydrogen purification device.

6. The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen purification device is a combination of one or more of a pressure swing adsorption purification device, a temperature swing adsorption purification device and a membrane separation purification device.

7. The rapid response hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a water chiller (4), which is connected to the water exchange water tank.

8. The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A circulation pipeline is formed between the heat exchange water tank and the chiller (4), and a circulation water pump (7) is provided on the circulation pipeline.

9. The hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells with rapid response according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The hot water unit comprises a fuel cell system (6), wherein a waste heat water tank is provided in the fuel cell system (6), and the waste heat water tank is connected to a heat exchange water tank.

10. The rapid response hydrogen production and storage system for fuel cells according to claim 9, characterized in that: A circulation pipeline is formed between the waste heat tank and the heat exchange tank, and a circulation water pump (7) is provided on the circulation pipeline.

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