Short-distance cyclic utilization system for retired lithium batteries

Abstract

The utility model discloses a short-distance cyclic utilization system for retired lithium batteries, which relates to the technical field of cyclic utilization of waste batteries and comprises an electrified crushing device, an organic matter removing device, a pole piece crushing and separating device and a copper-aluminum sorting device, the electrified crushing device, the organic matter removing device and the pole piece crushing and separating device are connected in sequence; and an airflow drum screen in the pole piece crushing and separating device is connected with the copper-aluminum sorting device. The whole recovery pretreatment process of electrified crushing, organic matter removal, pole piece crushing and separation and copper-aluminum separation of the waste lithium ion battery can be mechanically completed, manual disassembly is not needed, no chemical reagent is added in the whole process, no harm is caused to the environment and the human body, and the process is green and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of recycling of waste batteries, and more specifically to a short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] Since the lithium-ion battery was first commercialized by Sony in the 1990s, the industry has developed rapidly and has been widely used, such as smart phones, laptops, digital cameras, electric vehicles, and aerospace fields, due to its advantages of high energy storage density, small size, and long life. In recent years, my country's new energy industry has developed rapidly, and lithium-ion batteries, as a hot material in today's new energy research and development, occupy a very important position in the domestic new energy field.

[0003] Lithium-ion batteries have become an ideal choice for portable energy applications and electric vehicles due to their outstanding practical performance and environmental advantages. They are experiencing exponential development, and the number of scrapped lithium-ion batteries is also increasing year by year. Waste lithium-ion batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals, such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum, etc., which are the most important part of the entire lithium battery recycling process. Lithium batteries also contain a variety of toxic and harmful substances, which are highly polluting and corrosive, and are very harmful to the human body and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to convert lithium-ion batteries into waste resources, which is conducive to the manufacturing, use and recycling of the lithium battery industry to form a dynamic and sustainable cycle.

[0004] However, due to the complex and tight internal structure of lithium-ion batteries, improper early disassembly and pretreatment may increase the process and cost of the back-end wet recycling process. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a short-term, environmentally friendly and efficient pretreatment method to disassemble, classify and enrich waste lithium batteries to achieve the recovery of valuable metal materials. This is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the utility model provides a short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries, which solves the problems existing in the background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries, comprising: a charged crushing device, an organic matter removal device, a pole piece crushing and separation device, and a copper and aluminum sorting device;

[0008] The live crushing device, the organic matter removal device, and the electrode crushing and separation device are connected in sequence;

[0009] The air flow cylindrical screen in the pole piece crushing and separation device is connected to the copper and aluminum sorting device.

[0010] Optionally, the live crushing device includes: material hoist, star-shaped feed valve, shredder;

[0011] The discharge side of the material elevator is connected to the feeding port of the star-shaped feed valve, and the discharge side of the star-shaped feed valve is connected to the feeding end of the shredder.

[0012] Optionally, the shredder adopts a double-layer double-shaft shredder, which is provided with: a temperature gauge, a pressure gauge, an oxygen gauge, a nitrogen gauge, an automatic nitrogen replenishment structure and an automatic vacuum extraction structure;

[0013] The temperature gauge is located in the middle of the double-layer double-shaft shredder, the pressure gauge is connected to the gas path of the double-layer double-shaft shredder, the oxygen gauge is connected to the oxygen gas source pipeline, and the nitrogen gauge is connected to the nitrogen gas source pipeline;

[0014] The automatic nitrogen replenishing structure is located between the nitrogen gas source and the double-layer double-shaft shredder; the automatic vacuum extraction structure is connected to the vacuum extraction position designed for the double-layer double-shaft shredder.

[0015] Optionally, the organic matter removal device includes: a gradient pyrolysis furnace and a star-shaped discharge valve;

[0016] The discharge side of the gradient pyrolysis furnace is connected to the feeding port of the star-shaped discharge valve, and the discharge port of the shredder is directly opposite to the feeding side of the gradient pyrolysis furnace.

[0017] Optionally, it also includes a flue gas treatment device, which includes: a secondary burner, a second cyclone dust collector, a heat exchanger, a second bag filter, an alkali solution spray tower, a second induced draft fan, a stirring tank and a plate and frame filter press;

[0018] The gradient pyrolysis furnace, the secondary burner, the second cyclone dust collector, the heat exchanger, the second bag dust collector, the alkali solution spray tower and the second induced draft fan are connected in sequence;

[0019] The discharge port of the alkali solution spray tower is connected to the stirring tank and the plate and frame filter press in sequence through a pipeline.

[0020] Optionally, the pole piece crushing and separation device includes: a breaker, an airflow separator, a first linear screen, a magnetic separator, a secondary crusher, a material fan, an airflow cylindrical screen, a first cyclone dust collector, a first bag dust collector and a first induced draft fan;

[0021] The star-shaped discharge valve, the scatterer, the airflow separator, the first linear screen and the magnetic separator are connected in sequence;

[0022] The airflow classifier and the first linear screen are respectively connected to the secondary crusher;

[0023] The secondary crusher, the material fan, the air flow cylindrical screen, the first cyclone dust collector, the first bag dust collector and the first induced draft fan are connected in sequence.

[0024] Optionally, the copper and aluminum separation device includes: a second linear screen, a first specific gravity separator, and a second specific gravity separator;

[0025] The second linear screen is connected to the airflow cylindrical screen, and the materials on and under the second linear screen are connected to the first specific gravity separator and the second specific gravity separator respectively.

[0026] Optionally, it also includes a nitrogen charging device, which is connected to the gradient pyrolysis furnace and the star-shaped discharge valve respectively.

[0027] Optionally, an air charging device is also included, and the air charging device is connected to the gradient pyrolysis furnace.

[0028] Optionally, it also includes a compressed air charging device, which is connected to the first bag dust collector and the second bag dust collector respectively.

[0029] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries, in which the entire recycling pretreatment process of charged crushing, organic matter removal, electrode crushing and separation, and copper and aluminum sorting of waste lithium-ion batteries is completed mechanically without manual disassembly; moreover, no chemical reagents are added in the whole process, which is harmless to the environment and human body, and the process is green and efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 A structural diagram of the short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries provided by the utility model;

[0032] Figure numerals: 1-material hoist, 2-star feed valve, 3-shredder, 4-gradient pyrolysis furnace, 5-star discharge valve, 6-disperser, 7-air flow separator, 8-first linear screen, 9-magnetic separator, 10-second crusher, 11-material fan, 12-air flow cylindrical screen, 13-first cyclone dust collector, 14-first bag dust collector, 15-first induced draft fan, 16-second linear screen, 17-first specific gravity separator, 18-second specific gravity separator, 19-second burner, 20-second cyclone dust collector, 21-heat exchanger, 22-second bag dust collector, 23-alkali solution spray tower, 24-second induced draft fan, 25-stirring tank, 26-plate and frame filter press. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0034] The utility model discloses a system for short-range recycling of retired lithium batteries. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: an electrified crushing device, an organic matter removal device, an electrode piece crushing and separation device, and a copper-aluminum sorting device; the electrified crushing device, the organic matter removal device, and the electrode piece crushing and separation device are connected in sequence; the airflow cylindrical screen 12 in the electrode piece crushing and separation device is connected to the copper-aluminum sorting device.

[0035] Furthermore, the purpose of the charged crushing device is to save the discharge link of the waste lithium-ion battery, directly crush the battery, and simplify the pretreatment process, which specifically includes: a material hoist 1, a star-shaped feed valve 2, and a shredder 3; the discharge side of the material hoist 1 is connected to the feed port of the star-shaped feed valve 2, and the discharge side of the star-shaped feed valve 2 is connected to the feed end of the shredder 3. The material hoist 1 feeds the waste lithium-ion battery into the feed port of the star-shaped feed valve 2, and enters the feed port of the shredder 3 through the star-shaped feed valve 2 to be initially crushed, and then the shredded battery material is evenly transported from the discharge port to the organic matter removal device through the shredder 3.

[0036] Specifically, the shredder 3 adopts a double-layer double-axis shredder, which is provided with: a temperature gauge, a pressure gauge, an oxygen gauge, a nitrogen gauge, an automatic nitrogen replenishment structure and an automatic vacuum extraction structure to ensure that the oxygen content is below 3%, and the double-axis shredder can be used to shred any lithium battery, and has a wide range of applications.

[0037] Among them, the specific structure of the double-layer double-shaft shredder is introduced as follows:

[0038] The temperature gauge is located in the middle of the double-layer double-shaft shredder and is used to monitor the temperature of the battery space of the shredder 3 during operation to ensure that the shredder 3 operates within a suitable temperature range to avoid overheating;

[0039] The pressure gauge is connected to the gas path of the double-layer double-shaft shredder to measure the pressure and help the operator understand the working status of the equipment;

[0040] The oxygen meter is connected to the oxygen gas source pipeline, and the nitrogen meter is connected to the nitrogen gas source pipeline, for monitoring and controlling the gas environment inside the equipment;

[0041] The automatic nitrogen replenishment structure is located between the nitrogen gas source and the double-layer double-shaft shredder. The control system achieves the function of automatic nitrogen replenishment to ensure a stable supply of nitrogen.

[0042] The automatic vacuum extraction structure is connected to the vacuum extraction part of the double-layer double-shaft shredder, and the automatic vacuum extraction is realized by means of relevant pipelines and control valves, which helps to create a vacuum environment.

[0043] The above connection structure can effectively monitor and control the operating status of the double-layer double-shaft shredder, and improve the stability and safety of the equipment.

[0044] In this embodiment, nitrogen can be introduced into the star-shaped feed valve 2 and the shredder 3 to keep the internal atmosphere in an inert environment, thereby avoiding the risk of explosion caused by charged batteries during crushing. Among them, the star-shaped feed valve 2 can not only ensure the smooth input of materials and prevent the materials from rebounding upward, but also play a gas locking role, stop the entry of hot air from the lower end and disconnect the gas path of the equipment, prevent the system from continuous explosion, and reduce the discharge, drying and other links in the pretreatment process of waste lithium-ion batteries.

[0045] Furthermore, the purpose of the organic matter removal device is to remove organic matter such as electrolyte and diaphragm in waste lithium-ion batteries (using gradient pyrolysis to remove electrolyte and diaphragm under low temperature conditions of 140-250°C, and to remove binder under high temperature conditions of 400-500°C), specifically including: a gradient pyrolysis furnace 4 and a star-shaped discharge valve 5; the discharge side of the gradient pyrolysis furnace 4 is connected to the feed port of the star-shaped discharge valve 5, and the discharge port of the shredder 3 is opposite to the feed side of the gradient pyrolysis furnace 4, which can gradient pyrolyze and crush the material and transport the pyrolyzed material to the electrode crushing and separation device.

[0046] In this embodiment, nitrogen is introduced into the gradient pyrolysis furnace 4 and the star-shaped discharge valve 5 to keep the internal atmosphere in an inert environment, thereby avoiding the risk of explosion caused by the crushed battery materials during pyrolysis. Among them, the star-shaped discharge valve 5 can not only ensure the smooth output of the materials and prevent the materials from rebounding upward, but also play a gas locking role, stopping the entry of hot gas from the lower end and disconnecting the gas path of the equipment to prevent continuous explosion of the system.

[0047] In addition, volatile organic gases are generated during the pyrolysis process, which can be treated using a flue gas treatment device to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards, including: a secondary burner 19, a second cyclone dust collector 20, a heat exchanger 21, a second bag filter 22, an alkali solution spray tower 23, a second induced draft fan 24, a stirring tank 25 and a plate and frame filter press 26;

[0048] The gradient pyrolysis furnace 4, the secondary burner 19, the second cyclone dust collector 20, the heat exchanger 21, the second bag dust collector 22, the alkali solution spray tower 23 and the second induced draft fan 24 are sequentially connected to fully burn, cyclone dust remove, cool, bag dust remove, and remove acidic substances from the pyrolysis gas in sequence;

[0049] The discharge port of the alkali liquid spray tower 23 is connected to the stirring tank 25 and the plate and frame filter press 26 in sequence through a pipeline. The spray wastewater generated by the alkali liquid spray tower 23 needs to be defluorinated. After the spray wastewater enters the stirring tank 25 with calcium chloride added, calcium chloride precipitate is generated, and then the plate and frame filter press 26 is used for filtering to obtain the defluorinated wastewater and waste residue.

[0050] Furthermore, the purpose of the pole piece crushing and separation device is to separate the positive and negative electrode black powder and the copper and aluminum current collector, and specifically includes: a scatterer 6, an airflow separator 7, a first linear screen 8, a magnetic separator 9, a secondary crusher 10, a material fan 11, an airflow cylindrical screen 12, a first cyclone dust collector 13, a first bag dust collector 14 and a first induced draft fan 15;

[0051] The star-shaped discharge valve 5, the disperser 6, the airflow separator 7, the first linear screen 8 and the magnetic separator 9 are sequentially connected to disperse the crushed bonding materials, separate the battery shell and other materials with magnetic materials through the airflow separator 7 and the first linear screen 8, and separate the ferromagnetic materials and the aluminum shell without ferromagnetic materials through the magnetic separator 9;

[0052] The airflow separator 7 and the first linear screen 8 are respectively connected to the secondary crusher 10. The heavy ferromagnetic materials and aluminum shells are dropped to the first linear screen 8 by the airflow separator 7, and the light pole pieces and black powder directly enter the secondary crusher 10. The black powder and small-sized pole pieces on the hard shell and ferromagnetic materials are screened and separated again by the first linear screen 8 and enter the secondary crusher 10. The large aluminum shells and ferromagnetic materials enter the magnetic separator 9 after passing through the first linear screen 8.

[0053] The secondary crusher 10, the material fan 11, the airflow cylindrical screen 12, the first cyclone dust collector 13, the first bag dust collector 14 and the first induced draft fan 15 are connected in sequence, and the battery black powder and the copper and aluminum current collector can be separated. Among them, the secondary crusher 10, the material fan 11 and the airflow cylindrical screen 12 are connected in sequence, and the crushed and separated materials can be transported to the airflow cylindrical screen 12 connected thereto, and the airflow cylindrical screen 12 is used to separate the battery black powder and the copper and aluminum particles; the first cyclone dust collector 13 and the first bag dust collector 14 are used to perform secondary treatment on the dust generated by the airflow cylindrical screen 12 during the screening process, and a negative pressure is formed through the first induced draft fan 15 to ensure the smooth discharge of dust and smoke in the equipment, ensure that the smoke meets the emission standards, protect the environment and improve the recovery rate of battery black powder.

[0054] Furthermore, the purpose of the copper-aluminum separation device is to separate the mixed copper-aluminum current collector particles by specific gravity separation, so as to facilitate the subsequent recovery and reuse of the metals, and specifically comprises: a second linear screen 16, a first specific gravity separator 17 and a second specific gravity separator 18;

[0055] The second linear screen 16 is connected to the airflow cylindrical screen 12, and the materials above and below the second linear screen 16 are connected to the first specific gravity separator 17 and the second specific gravity separator 18 respectively. In this embodiment, the copper and aluminum particles separated by the airflow cylindrical screen 12 in the electrode crushing and separation device are preliminarily screened by the second linear screen 16, the purpose is to reduce the difference in particle size and facilitate specific gravity sorting; the screened large and small copper and aluminum particles are sorted by the first specific gravity separator 17 and the second specific gravity separator 18 respectively, to obtain copper particles and aluminum particles with higher purity.

[0056] Furthermore, it also includes a nitrogen charging device, which is connected to the gradient pyrolysis furnace 4 and the star-shaped discharge valve 5 respectively.

[0057] Furthermore, it also includes an air charging device, which is connected to the gradient pyrolysis furnace 4.

[0058] Furthermore, it also includes a compressed air charging device, which is connected to the first bag dust collector 14 and the second bag dust collector 22 respectively.

[0059] based on Figure 1 From the structure shown, it can be understood that the utility model can complete the overall recycling pretreatment of waste lithium-ion batteries such as charged crushing, organic matter removal, electrode crushing and separation, and copper and aluminum sorting through machinery, without the need for manual disassembly, and no chemical reagents are added in the whole process, which is harmless to the environment and human body. The process is green and efficient, and solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0060] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0061] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries, characterized in that: include: Live crushing device, organic matter removal device, electrode crushing and separation device, and copper and aluminum separation device; The live crushing device, the organic matter removal device, and the electrode crushing and separation device are connected in sequence; The air flow cylindrical screen in the pole piece crushing and separation device is connected to the copper and aluminum sorting device.

2. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The live crushing device includes: material hoist, star-shaped feed valve, shredder; The discharge side of the material elevator is connected to the feeding port of the star-shaped feed valve, and the discharge side of the star-shaped feed valve is connected to the feeding end of the shredder.

3. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shredder adopts a double-layer double-shaft shredder, which is equipped with: a temperature gauge, a pressure gauge, an oxygen gauge, a nitrogen gauge, an automatic nitrogen replenishment structure and an automatic vacuum extraction structure; The temperature gauge is located in the middle of the double-layer double-shaft shredder, the pressure gauge is connected to the gas path of the double-layer double-shaft shredder, the oxygen gauge is connected to the oxygen gas source pipeline, and the nitrogen gauge is connected to the nitrogen gas source pipeline; The automatic nitrogen replenishing structure is located between the nitrogen gas source and the double-layer double-shaft shredder; the automatic vacuum extraction structure is connected to the vacuum extraction position designed for the double-layer double-shaft shredder.

4. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The organic matter removal device includes: a gradient pyrolysis furnace and a star-shaped discharge valve; The discharge side of the gradient pyrolysis furnace is connected to the feeding port of the star-shaped discharge valve, and the discharge port of the shredder is directly opposite to the feeding side of the gradient pyrolysis furnace.

5. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a flue gas treatment device, which includes: a secondary burner, a second cyclone dust collector, a heat exchanger, a second bag filter, an alkali solution spray tower, a second induced draft fan, a stirring tank and a plate and frame filter press; The gradient pyrolysis furnace, the secondary burner, the second cyclone dust collector, the heat exchanger, the second bag dust collector, the alkali solution spray tower and the second induced draft fan are connected in sequence; The discharge port of the alkali solution spray tower is connected to the stirring tank and the plate and frame filter press in sequence through a pipeline.

6. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pole piece crushing and separation device includes: a breaker, an airflow separator, a first linear screen, a magnetic separator, a secondary crusher, a material fan, an airflow cylindrical screen, a first cyclone dust collector, a first bag dust collector and a first induced draft fan; The star-shaped discharge valve, the scatterer, the airflow separator, the first linear screen and the magnetic separator are connected in sequence; The airflow classifier and the first linear screen are respectively connected to the secondary crusher; The secondary crusher, the material fan, the air flow cylindrical screen, the first cyclone dust collector, the first bag dust collector and the first induced draft fan are connected in sequence.

7. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The copper and aluminum separation device comprises: a second linear screen, a first specific gravity separator and a second specific gravity separator; The second linear screen is connected to the airflow cylindrical screen, and the materials on and under the second linear screen are connected to the first specific gravity separator and the second specific gravity separator respectively.

8. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes nitrogen charging equipment, which is respectively connected to the gradient pyrolysis furnace and the star-shaped discharge valve.

9. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an air charging device, which is connected to the gradient pyrolysis furnace.

10. A short-range recycling system for retired lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes compressed air charging equipment, which is connected to the first bag dust collector and the second bag dust collector respectively.

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