Multi-head stepped socket spanner
By designing a multi-head stepped sleeve wrench, the length adjustment and space saving of the sleeve wrench is achieved by using mounting blocks, integrated links and clamping components, and the length inconvenience of existing sleeve wrench when using tools of different sizes is solved. and the problem of large space.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420490986.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-03-13
AI Technical Summary
When using screws, bolts and nuts of different sizes, existing sleeve wrenches require multiple independent sleeve wrenches, which makes the length inconvenient to adjust and take up a large space, making it difficult to fold and store.
A multi-head stepped sleeve wrench is designed to realize the integrated link and step sleeve through the stacking arrangement of the first mounting block and the second mounting block. Expand and store state and lock it through the latch assembly.
The sleeve wrench is adjustable in length and space saving, making it easy to carry and store, while ensuring the stability and versatility of the tool in use.
Smart Images

Figure CN222450085U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of socket wrenches, in particular to a multi-head stepped socket wrench. Background Art
[0002] A socket wrench is a commonly used hand tool used to tighten and loosen various screws, bolts and nuts. It consists of a narrow metal handle and a socket head. The socket wrench is usually made of high-strength alloy steel to ensure its durability and long life.
[0003] When tightening or loosening screws, bolts and nuts of different sizes, different types of socket wrenches are required. Usually, socket wrenches of different sizes are set separately, and some sizes of socket wrenches may be lost. Then, multiple socket wrenches are fixed and welded in a cross shape to achieve one wrench of multiple sizes. However, the length of the socket wrench fixed and clamped in a cross shape is not easy to adjust, and because it is welded in a cross shape, it will take up a certain space when carried later, which is not convenient for folding and storing. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a multi-head stepped socket wrench to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solution: a multi-head stepped socket wrench, comprising a first mounting block and a second mounting block, wherein the first mounting block and the second mounting block are stacked;
[0006] Integrated connecting rods are installed on the diagonal sides of the first mounting block and the diagonal sides of the second mounting block. The ends of the integrated connecting rods are fixedly connected to step sleeves. The integrated connecting rods are used to change the distance between the step sleeve and the first mounting block. A connecting assembly is provided between the first mounting block and the second mounting block. The first mounting block and the second mounting block are rotated through the connecting assembly so that the integrated connecting rods on the diagonal sides of the first mounting block and the integrated connecting rods on the diagonal sides of the second mounting block are in an expanded and stored state. A clamping assembly is provided on the top of the connecting assembly, and the clamping assembly is used to lock the integrated connecting rods in the expanded and stored state.
[0007] Preferably, the integrated connecting rod comprises:
[0008] A connecting sleeve, an end of which is fixedly connected to the first mounting block;
[0009] A fixing rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the stepped sleeve, and an outer wall of the fixing rod is slidably sleeved with the connecting sleeve;
[0010] A limit block is installed inside the connecting sleeve and is used to limit the sliding movement of the fixing rod.
[0011] Preferably, a sliding hole is provided on the top of the fixing rod, the outer wall of the limit block is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the sliding hole, a limit groove matching the limit block is provided on the side of the inner wall of the sliding hole away from the step sleeve, the outer wall of the connecting sleeve is symmetrically slidably inserted and sleeved with a connecting bolt, and one end of the outer wall of the connecting bolt is threadably inserted and sleeved with the limit block.
[0012] Preferably, the connection assembly comprises:
[0013] A connecting column, wherein the top of the first mounting block and the top of the second mounting block are both provided with through holes, the outer wall of the connecting column is slidably sleeved with the inner cavity of the through hole, and the connecting column is connected to the clamping assembly;
[0014] A positioning collar, the positioning collar is fixedly sleeved on the top of the outer wall of the connecting column, and a groove matching the positioning collar is formed on the top of the first mounting block;
[0015] A locking assembly is located inside the second mounting block and is used to clamp and lock the connecting column inside the second mounting block.
[0016] Preferably, the locking assembly comprises:
[0017] A slider, wherein the slider is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting column;
[0018] A clamping block, the clamping block is slidably disposed inside the second mounting block, the clamping block is slidably engaged with the slider, and the height of the connecting column inside the second mounting block is locked;
[0019] A positioning spring is located on a side of the clamping block that is away from the sliding block.
[0020] Preferably, a slot matching the card block is provided on the side of the slider facing away from the connecting column, a first slot is symmetrically provided on the top of the second mounting block, the outer wall of the slider is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the first slot, a second slot matching the slider is symmetrically provided on the bottom of the first mounting block, and the inner cavity of the first slot and the inner cavity of the second slot are both connected to the inner cavity of the through hole.
[0021] Preferably, the front side of the second mounting block is symmetrically provided with mounting holes, the outer wall of the clamping block is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the mounting hole, unlocking grooves are provided on the front and back sides of the clamping block, the inner wall of the mounting hole is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, the outer wall of the connecting rod is slidably engaged with a positioning spring, the outer wall of the connecting rod is slidably interlaced with the clamping block, a bearing groove is provided on the side of the clamping block close to the slider, the end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with a positioning block, and the outer wall of the positioning block is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the bearing groove.
[0022] Preferably, the clamping assembly comprises:
[0023] A clamping piece, which is mounted on the top of the connecting column and is slidably clamped on the outer walls of the first mounting block and the second mounting block;
[0024] A guide rod and a limit spring, wherein the guide rod is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the clamping member, the limit spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod, and the limit spring gives the clamping member an elastic force to move toward the first mounting block and the second mounting block through the guide rod.
[0025] Preferably, the cross section of the clamping member is in the shape of a door, and a groove matching the second mounting block is formed on the side of the clamping member.
[0026] Preferably, a connecting hole is provided at the top of the connecting column, a fixing ring is fixedly sleeved on the top of the inner cavity of the connecting hole, the outer wall of the guide rod is slidably sleeved with the fixing ring, a limiting disk is provided at the bottom of the guide rod, a fixing bolt is provided at the bottom of the limiting disk, the limiting disk is fixedly connected to the guide rod by the fixing bolt, and the limiting spring is located between the fixing ring and the limiting disk.
[0027] Technical effects and advantages of the utility model:
[0028] The utility model utilizes a first mounting block, a second mounting block, an integrated connecting rod, a stepped sleeve, a connecting assembly and a clamping assembly. Under the action of the connecting assembly, the first mounting block and the second mounting block can be rotatably connected, so that the integrated connecting rod and the stepped sleeve are in a stored or expanded use state, and the clamping assembly can lock the integrated connecting rod and the stepped sleeve in a stored or expanded use state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.
[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall storage structure of the utility model.
[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure at the connecting sleeve of the utility model.
[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the clamping piece of the utility model.
[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first mounting block of the utility model.
[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first mounting block of the utility model from the front.
[0035] Figure 7 For this utility model Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle.
[0036] In the figure: 1. first mounting block; 2. second mounting block; 3. integrated connecting rod; 31. connecting sleeve; 32. fixing rod; 33. limiting block; 34. connecting bolt; 35. sliding hole; 36. limiting groove; 4. stepped sleeve; 5. connecting assembly; 51. connecting column; 52. positioning collar; 53. locking assembly; 531. sliding block; 532. first sliding groove; 533. second sliding groove; 534. clamping block; 535. mounting hole; 536. connecting rod; 537. positioning spring; 538. bearing groove; 539. positioning block; 6. clamping assembly; 61. clamping part; 62. slot; 63. guide rod; 64. connecting hole; 65. limiting spring; 66. fixing collar; 67. limiting disc; 68. fixing bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0038] The utility model provides Figure 1-7A multi-head stepped socket wrench shown in the figure comprises a first mounting block 1 and a second mounting block 2, the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 are stacked, an integrated connecting rod 3 is installed on the diagonal side of the first mounting block 1 and the diagonal side of the second mounting block 2, the end of the integrated connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected with a stepped sleeve 4, the stepped sleeve 4 has two docking chambers of different sizes inside, so that the four stepped sleeves 4 on the sides of the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 have eight models of different sizes, the integrated connecting rod 3 is used to change the distance between the stepped sleeve 4 and the first mounting block 1, that is, the integrated connecting rod 3 can be adjusted in length, thereby changing the working length of the stepped sleeve 4, and when the integrated connecting rod 3 is stored, the space occupied by it can be reduced, and a space is set between the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2. A connecting component 5 is provided, and the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 are rotated through the connecting component 5, so that the integrated connecting rod 3 on the diagonal side of the first mounting block 1 and the integrated connecting rod 3 on the diagonal side of the second mounting block 2 are in an expanded and stored state, that is, under the action of the connecting component 5, the integrated connecting rod 3 on the side of the first mounting block 1 and the integrated connecting rod 3 on the side of the second mounting block 2 are in an expanded cross shape, or the integrated connecting rod 3 on the side of the first mounting block 1 and the integrated connecting rod 3 on the side of the second mounting block 2 are in a parallel stored state, that is, a straight shape, so as to facilitate its storage and carrying, and a clamping component 6 is provided on the top of the connecting component 5, and the clamping component 6 is used to lock the integrated connecting rod 3 in the expanded and stored state, thereby ensuring the stability of the stepped sleeve 4 at the end of the integrated connecting rod 3 when it is expanded for use or stored.
[0039] Furthermore, the integrated connecting rod 3 includes a connecting sleeve 31, a fixing rod 32 and a limiting block 33. The end of the connecting sleeve 31 is fixedly connected to the first mounting block 1, that is, the diagonal sides of the first mounting block 1 and the diagonal sides of the second mounting block 2 are fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 31. One end of the fixing rod 32 is fixedly connected to the step sleeve 4. The outer wall of the fixing rod 32 is slidably sleeved with the connecting sleeve 31. The fixing rod 32 slides relative to the connecting sleeve 31, so as to increase the length of the working arm of the step sleeve 4. The limiting block 33 is installed inside the connecting sleeve 31. The limiting block 33 is used to limit the sliding of the fixing rod 32. A sliding hole 35 is provided on the top of the fixing rod 32. The outer wall of the limiting block 33 is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the sliding hole 35. The limiting block 33 can make the fixing rod 32 drive the step sleeve 4 to follow when the connecting sleeve 31 rotates. They rotate synchronously, and a limiting groove 36 matching the limiting block 33 is opened on the side of the inner wall of the sliding hole 35 away from the stepped sleeve 4, and the fixing rod 32 is unfolded, and the limiting block 33 is clamped in the limiting groove 36 on the fixing rod 32, so that the fixing rod 32 and the connecting sleeve 31 can be kept in a stable state, avoiding that when the first mounting block 1 or the second mounting block 2 applies an extrusion force to the stepped sleeve 4 through the connecting sleeve 31 and the fixing rod 32, the fixing rod 32 slides into the inside of the connecting sleeve 31, and the outer wall of the connecting sleeve 31 is symmetrically slidably inserted and sleeved with a connecting bolt 34, and one end of the outer wall of the connecting bolt 34 is threadedly inserted and sleeved with the limiting block 33. When the connecting bolt 34 is removed, the limiting block 33 can be separated from the connecting sleeve 31, so that the connecting sleeve 31 and the fixing rod 32 can be disassembled for maintenance or cleaning.
[0040] Furthermore, the connecting component 5 includes a connecting column 51, a positioning collar 52 and a locking component 53. A through hole is provided at the top of the first mounting block 1 and the top of the second mounting block 2. The outer wall of the connecting column 51 is slidably sleeved with the inner cavity of the through hole. Under the action of the connecting column 51, the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 are rotatably connected, and the connecting column 51 is connected to the clamping component 6. The positioning collar 52 is fixedly sleeved on the top of the outer wall of the connecting column 51. A groove matching the positioning collar 52 is provided on the top of the first mounting block 1, so that the positioning collar 52 is located in the groove to avoid blocking the clamping component 61. The locking component 53 is located inside the second mounting block 2. The locking component 53 is used to clamp and lock the connecting column 51 inside the second mounting block 2. The limitation of the locking component 53 on the connecting column 51 can be released, and the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 can be disassembled.
[0041] In particular, the locking assembly 53 includes a slider 531, a block 534 and a positioning spring 537. The slider 531 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting column 51. The top of the second mounting block 2 is symmetrically provided with a first slide groove 532. The outer wall of the slider 531 is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the first slide groove 532. The bottom of the first mounting block 1 is symmetrically provided with a second slide groove 533 matching the slider 531. Therefore, the block 534 is separated from the slider 531, and the slider 531 can slide from the first slide groove 532 and the second slide groove 533 to the second mounting block 2 and the first mounting block 1 respectively. The inner cavities of the first slide groove 532 and the second slide groove 533 are connected to the inner cavities of the through hole, the clamping block 534 is slidably arranged inside the second mounting block 2, the clamping block 534 is slidably engaged with the slider 531, and a clamping groove matching the clamping block 534 is provided on the side of the slider 531 away from the connecting column 51, so as to lock the height of the connecting column 51 inside the second mounting block 2, and the positioning spring 537 is located on the side of the clamping block 534 away from the slider 531. Under the action of the positioning spring 537, the clamping block 534 can maintain a stable engaged state with the slider 531.
[0042] Furthermore, the front side of the second mounting block 2 is symmetrically provided with mounting holes 535, the outer wall of the clamping block 534 is slidably sleeved with the inner cavity of the mounting hole 535, the front and back sides of the clamping block 534 are provided with unlocking grooves, and the two sides of the clamping block 534 are parallel to the two sides of the second mounting block 2, so as to prevent the clamping block 534 from affecting the movement of the clamping member 61, and the unlocking groove can be used to drive the clamping block 534 to slide in the mounting hole 535 and separate from the slider 531, so as to release the locked state of the slider 531, the inner wall of the mounting hole 535 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 536, the outer wall of the connecting rod 536 is slidably sleeved with the positioning spring 537, the outer wall of the connecting rod 536 is slidably inserted and sleeved with the clamping block 534, and a bearing groove 538 is provided on the side of the clamping block 534 close to the slider 531, and a positioning block 539 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 536, and the outer wall of the positioning block 539 is slidably sleeved with the inner cavity of the bearing groove 538.
[0043] In particular, the clamping assembly 6 includes a clamping member 61, a guide rod 63 and a limit spring 65. The clamping member 61 is installed on the top of the connecting column 51, and the clamping member 61 is slidably clamped on the outer walls of the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2. The cross section of the clamping member 61 is in the shape of a door, so that when the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 are in a parallel state, the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 are both clamped in the inside of the clamping member 61, so that the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 can drive the integrated connecting rod 3 and the stepped sleeve 4 to be in a parallel storage state. When the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 are in a cross-vertical state, the first mounting block 1 is slidably clamped on the top of the inner cavity of the clamping member 61, and the outer wall of the second mounting block 2 is clamped in the slot 62 on the side of the clamping member 61, so that The first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 can drive the integrated connecting rod 3 and the stepped sleeve 4 to be in a cross-expanded working state. A slot 62 matching the second mounting block 2 is provided on the side of the clamping piece 61. The guide rod 63 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the clamping piece 61. The limit spring 65 is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod 63, and the limit spring 65 gives the clamping piece 61 an elastic force to move in the direction of the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 through the guide rod 63. Under the action of the limit spring 65, the clamping piece 61 can maintain a stable clamping state with the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2, and when the clamping piece 61 is pulled to separate from the second mounting block 2, the second mounting block 2 can be rotated relative to the first mounting block 1 through the connecting column 51 to change its working state.
[0044] Furthermore, a connecting hole 64 is provided at the top of the connecting column 51, and a fixing ring 66 is fixedly sleeved on the top of the inner cavity of the connecting hole 64. The outer wall of the guide rod 63 is slidably sleeved with the fixing ring 66. A limiting disc 67 is provided at the bottom of the guide rod 63, and a fixing bolt 68 is provided at the bottom of the limiting disc 67. The limiting disc 67 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 63 through the fixing bolt 68. The limiting spring 65 is located between the fixing ring 66 and the limiting disc 67. The limiting spring 65 can give the clamping component 61 a force toward the first mounting block 1 and the second mounting block 2 through the limiting disc 67 and the guide rod 63. By removing the fixing bolt 68, the limiting disc 67 can be separated from the guide rod 63, thereby disassembling and maintaining the clamping component 61.
[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A multi-head stepped socket wrench, comprising a first mounting block (1) and a second mounting block (2), wherein the first mounting block (1) and the second mounting block (2) are stacked; It is characterized in that An integrated connecting rod (3) is installed on the diagonal side of the first mounting block (1) and the diagonal side of the second mounting block (2); a stepped sleeve (4) is fixedly connected to the end of the integrated connecting rod (3); the integrated connecting rod (3) is used to change the distance between the stepped sleeve (4) and the first mounting block (1); a connecting assembly (5) is provided between the first mounting block (1) and the second mounting block (2); the first mounting block (1) and the second mounting block (2) are rotated through the connecting assembly (5) so that the integrated connecting rod (3) on the diagonal side of the first mounting block (1) and the integrated connecting rod (3) on the diagonal side of the second mounting block (2) are in an expanded and stored state; a clamping assembly (6) is provided on the top of the connecting assembly (5); the clamping assembly (6) is used to lock the integrated connecting rod (3) in the expanded and stored state.
2. A multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated connecting rod (3) comprises: A connecting sleeve (31), the end of which is fixedly connected to the first mounting block (1); A fixing rod (32), one end of which is fixedly connected to the stepped sleeve (4), and an outer wall of the fixing rod (32) is slidably sleeved with the connecting sleeve (31); A limit block (33), wherein the limit block (33) is installed inside the connecting sleeve (31), and the limit block (33) is used to slide and limit the fixing rod (32).
3. A multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sliding hole (35) is provided at the top of the fixing rod (32); the outer wall of the limit block (33) is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the sliding hole (35); a limit groove (36) matching the limit block (33) is provided on the side of the inner wall of the sliding hole (35) away from the stepped sleeve (4); a connecting bolt (34) is symmetrically slidably inserted and sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting sleeve (31); one end of the outer wall of the connecting bolt (34) is threadedly inserted and sleeved with the limit block (33).
4. A multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection component (5) comprises: A connecting column (51), the top of the first mounting block (1) and the top of the second mounting block (2) are both provided with through holes, the outer wall of the connecting column (51) is slidably sleeved with the inner cavity of the through hole, and the connecting column (51) is connected to the clamping assembly (6); A positioning collar (52), the positioning collar (52) being fixedly sleeved on the top of the outer wall of the connecting column (51), and the top of the first mounting block (1) is provided with a groove matching the positioning collar (52); A locking component (53), the locking component (53) is located inside the second installation block (2), and the locking component (53) is used to clamp and lock the connecting column (51) inside the second installation block (2).
5. A multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking assembly (53) comprises: A slider (531), wherein the slider (531) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting column (51); A clamping block (534), the clamping block (534) being slidably disposed inside the second mounting block (2), the clamping block (534) being slidably engaged with the slider (531) to lock the height of the connecting column (51) inside the second mounting block (2); A positioning spring (537), wherein the positioning spring (537) is located on a side of the clamping block (534) facing away from the sliding block (531).
6. A multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 5, characterized in that: A slot matching the block (534) is provided on the side of the slider (531) facing away from the connecting column (51); a first slot (532) is symmetrically provided on the top of the second mounting block (2); the outer wall of the slider (531) is slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the first slot (532); a second slot (533) matching the slider (531) is symmetrically provided on the bottom of the first mounting block (1); the inner cavity of the first slot (532) and the inner cavity of the second slot (533) are both connected to the inner cavity of the through hole.
7. The multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front side of the second mounting block (2) is symmetrically provided with mounting holes (535); the outer wall of the clamping block (534) is slidably sleeved with the inner cavity of the mounting hole (535); the front and back sides of the clamping block (534) are provided with unlocking grooves; the inner wall of the mounting hole (535) is fixedly connected with a connecting rod (536); the outer wall of the connecting rod (536) is slidably sleeved with a positioning spring (537); the outer wall of the connecting rod (536) is slidably sleeved with the clamping block (534); a bearing groove (538) is provided on the side of the clamping block (534) close to the slider (531); a positioning block (539) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod (536); the outer wall of the positioning block (539) is slidably sleeved with the inner cavity of the bearing groove (538).
8. The multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (6) comprises: A clamping member (61), the clamping member (61) is mounted on the top of the connecting column (51), and the clamping member (61) is slidably clamped on the outer walls of the first mounting block (1) and the second mounting block (2); A guide rod (63) and a limit spring (65), wherein the guide rod (63) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the clamping member (61), and the limit spring (65) is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod (63), and the limit spring (65) provides the clamping member (61) with an elastic force to move in the direction of the first mounting block (1) and the second mounting block (2) through the guide rod (63).
9. The multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cross section of the clamping piece (61) is in the shape of a door, and a groove (62) matching the second mounting block (2) is provided on the side of the clamping piece (61).
10. The multi-head stepped socket wrench according to claim 8, characterized in that: A connecting hole (64) is provided at the top of the connecting column (51); a fixing ring (66) is fixedly sleeved at the top of the inner cavity of the connecting hole (64); the outer wall of the guide rod (63) is slidably sleeved with the fixing ring (66); a limiting disc (67) is provided at the bottom of the guide rod (63); a fixing bolt (68) is provided at the bottom of the limiting disc (67); the limiting disc (67) is fixedly connected to the guide rod (63) by the fixing bolt (68); and the limiting spring (65) is located between the fixing ring (66) and the limiting disc (67).