Discharging and fixing coupling supporting structure for treating floor heave of soft rock roadway

Abstract

The utility model discloses an unloading and fixing coupling supporting structure for treating a soft rock roadway floor heave, and relates to the technical field of mine roadway treatment. The bottom plate leveling layer is used for covering, filling and leveling a floor heave; the pouring layer covers the bottom plate leveling layer, and a plurality of pressure relief grooves are formed in the pouring layer; the polyethylene plate layer is laid on the pouring layer; the anchor cable sequentially penetrates through the polyethylene plate layer, the pouring layer and the bottom plate leveling layer and then is obliquely inserted into the bottom of the surrounding rock of the soft rock roadway. The supporting device is suitable for the soft rock roadway, can effectively reduce the influence of large deformation caused by bottom heaving of a crossheading of the soft rock roadway, guarantees the safety and stability of a mine roadway, can effectively reduce the influence of severe bottom heaving of an advanced stress concentration area of the soft rock roadway on safety production, is good in supporting control effect, and improves the supporting effect and the working efficiency at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of mine tunnel management, in particular to a unloading coupling support structure for managing the bottom heave of a soft rock tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Coal is the most important natural resource in my country, and its safe and efficient mining is particularly important. Floor drum in soft rock tunnels is a common phenomenon in the process of coal mine excavation, which seriously hinders the safe and efficient production of coal mines. Tunnel floor drum refers to the deformation of the bottom plate of the tunnel in coal mines or underground projects due to geological conditions, surrounding rock stress, mining activities, improper support methods, untimely discharge of production water or other factors. There are many reasons for the floor drum:

[0003] Influence of geological conditions: Uneven geological structure, differences in stratum lithology, faults or folds and other factors may cause deformation of the bottom of the soft rock tunnel and trigger bottom heave phenomenon.

[0004] Impact of mining activities: During the mining process, the advancement of the mining face will lead to stress release and support pressure transfer of the coal seam or rock formation, which will in turn affect the stability of the soft rock tunnel floor and cause bottom heave phenomenon.

[0005] Changes in hydrological conditions: Changes in groundwater levels may cause liquefaction or flow of soft rock tunnel floor strata, exacerbating deformation and damage to the floor.

[0006] Human factors: Improper underground excavation operations, unreasonable design of tunnel support structures, or poor construction quality and other human factors may also lead to the occurrence and aggravation of floor heave.

[0007] Although the existing support has certain advantages, most of the tunnel support focuses on the support of the roof and the two sides, lacks the support design for the bottom plate, and the effect of the support measures may be different under different geological conditions and bottom drum forms. Sometimes, the design and construction quality of the support structure are not enough to achieve the expected effect, which may make it difficult to ensure the support effect. In addition, the original concrete pouring has problems such as long hardening time, poor concrete quality, and difficulty in repairing the bottom plate when bottom drum occurs.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an improved solution for the above technical problems to solve the shortcomings of the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0009] The utility model aims to provide a unloading coupling support structure for treating the bottom heave of a soft rock tunnel, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0011] The utility model discloses a unloading coupling support structure for treating the bottom drum of a soft rock tunnel, comprising: a bottom plate leveling layer for covering and leveling the bottom drum; a casting layer, wherein the casting layer covers the top of the bottom plate leveling layer, and a plurality of pressure relief grooves are arranged in the casting layer; a polyethylene sheet layer, wherein the polyethylene sheet layer is laid on the top of the casting layer; and an anchor cable for anchoring, wherein the anchor cable passes through the polyethylene sheet layer, the casting layer and the bottom plate leveling layer in sequence and then is obliquely inserted into the bottom of the surrounding rock of the soft rock tunnel.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the diameter of the particles of the filling material used in the bottom plate leveling layer is less than 4 mm.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the casting layer is a concrete casting layer with a thickness of 120 mm, and the width of the pressure relief groove is 5%-10% of the width of the tunnel.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the polyethylene board layer has a thickness of 27 mm to 33 mm and is provided with anchor cable tray holes for installing anchor cables.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the end of the anchor cable passes through the rock layer of the tunnel floor drum, and the tail end of the anchor cable is 0.1-0.2m lower than the bottom of the floor leveling layer.

[0016] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The utility model is suitable for soft rock tunnels, can effectively reduce the impact of large deformation of the bottom drum of the soft rock tunnel chute, ensure the safety and stability of the mine tunnels, can effectively reduce the impact of severe bottom drum in the advanced stress concentration zone of the soft rock tunnel on safe production, has good support control effect, and improves support effect and work efficiency at the same time.

[0018] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0021] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0022] 1-bottom plate leveling layer; 2-casting layer; 3-pressure relief groove; 4-polyethylene board layer; 5-anchor cable tray hole; 6-anchor cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inside", "all around" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a coupling support structure for unloading and fixing for treating floor heave in soft rock tunnels, and the support structure comprises:

[0026] Bottom plate leveling layer 1 refers to the filling and leveling treatment in the bottom drum area to form a flat layer at the bottom to enhance the flatness of the bottom of the soft rock tunnel. In actual operation, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the deformation of the bottom plate and the size of the tunnel to determine the specific dimensions of filling and cutting. Appropriate filling materials such as crushed stone, concrete, etc. can be used to fill the concave areas. After filling, they must be fully compacted and leveled to ensure that the bottom plate is flat and firm. For the raised surface, it is necessary to cut or grind it to make it flush with the bottom plate. The coverage of the bottom plate leveling layer 1 should completely cover the area where the bottom drum is filled to ensure that the entire bottom structure is stable and consistent.

[0027] Casting layer 2, the concrete casting layer 2 is a further reinforcement and fixation of the bottom plate leveling layer 1. When pouring concrete, it is necessary to reserve a pressure relief groove 3. According to the actual size and design requirements of the tunnel, the height of the concrete casting layer 2 is determined so that it can cover the bottom plate leveling layer 1 and form a close combination with it, thereby forming a solid underground structure.

[0028] Preferably, the pouring thickness of concrete is about 120 mm, which is the main stress-bearing part of the bottom plate pouring layer structure, and the width of the reserved pressure relief groove 3 in the middle should be between 5% and 10% of the width of the roadway. Secondly, the role of the pressure relief groove 3 reserved in the roadway bottom plate has two aspects: first, the reserved groove 3 can change the transmission path and method of stress in the roadway bottom plate, thereby changing the stress state of the surrounding rock of the soft rock roadway, and producing a certain pressure relief effect. Secondly, the reserved pressure relief groove 3 can improve the efficiency of the bottom plate treatment when the roadway bottom drum occurs. When the stress on both sides of the bottom plate exceeds the bearing limit of the bottom plate, the two sides of the bottom plate that have been poured are more difficult to deform, resulting in the bottom drum being more likely to occur in the center of the bottom plate. When the bottom drum occurs, it is only necessary to lift the bottom of the reserved groove 3 instead of the entire bottom plate, thereby reducing the workload of manual lifting.

[0029] The polyethylene sheet layer 4, which is a commonly used underground tunnel support material, is fixed by anchor cables 6. At the bottom of the soft rock tunnel, the anchor cables 6 are evenly distributed, and the anchor cables 6 are obliquely inserted into the bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock through the prefabricated anchor cable tray holes 5 to form a stable support structure. This method can effectively support the bottom plate of the soft rock tunnel, enhance its compression and deformation resistance, and ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel.

[0030] Furthermore, the size of the polyethylene board layer 4 should completely cover the bottom drum range. At the same time, the polyethylene board layer 4 has good toughness and tensile properties, and is also characterized by low density and high rigidity. During construction, the laid polyethylene board can reduce the stress on the casting layer 2. When the entire structure is subjected to the load of a transport vehicle, the load is first applied to the polyethylene board layer 4 and spreads through it, thereby reducing the stress on the casting layer 2 and protecting the casting layer 2. In addition, the polyethylene board 2 also prevents water from gushing from the soft rock tunnel into the bottom plate, thereby achieving a good waterproof effect.

[0031] In order to better understand the research and design method of the unloading coupling support technology of the soft rock tunnel floor drum of the present invention, the present invention also provides a construction method for full-length anchoring of the soft rock tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1, geological survey and analysis:

[0033] Before construction, a detailed geological survey and analysis of the tunnel is carried out to determine key parameters such as tunnel size and bottom drum position, providing basic data and design basis for subsequent construction and prefabricated anchor tray hole 5 size, polyethylene board size, etc.

[0034] Step 2, bottom plate filling:

[0035] According to the tunnel size and design requirements, fill and level the bottom drum area to form a flat surface to enhance the flatness of the soft rock tunnel floor. Use small particles such as crushed stone, concrete, sand, etc. to fill the concave area. After filling, fully compact and level it to ensure that the floor is flat and firm. For the raised surface, it needs to be cut or polished to make it flush with the floor. Ensure that the entire bottom structure is stable and consistent.

[0036] Step 3, design and construction of pressure relief tank 3:

[0037] Further reinforcement and fixation of the bottom plate leveling layer 1. During concrete pouring, according to the design requirements, a pressure relief groove 3 is reserved at the larger position of the original bottom drum of the tunnel. The width of the pressure relief groove should be between 5% and 10% of the tunnel width, so that it can cover the bottom plate leveling layer 1 and form a close combination with it, thereby forming a solid underground structure.

[0038] Step 4, installation of support materials:

[0039] Place the pre-processed polyethylene sheet at the fixed position, determine the fixed position of the anchor cable 6, and use a drill or other appropriate equipment to drill a hole. The diameter and depth of the drill hole should meet the requirements of the anchor cable 6. Then, insert the anchor cable 6 into the prefabricated anchor cable tray hole 5 and anchor it.

[0040] By adopting this construction method, the stability of the soft rock tunnel floor can be effectively enhanced, the occurrence of floor heave problems can be reduced or avoided, the construction efficiency can be improved, the workload of manual bottom lifting can be effectively reduced, and the risk of serious damage or accidents to the soft rock tunnel floor can be effectively reduced.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the utility model disclosed above are only used to help explain the utility model. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the utility model to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the utility model, so that technicians in the relevant technical field can well understand and use the utility model. The utility model is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A unloading coupling support structure for treating floor heave in soft rock tunnels, characterized in that: include: A bottom screed (1) for covering and leveling the bottom drum; A casting layer (2), the casting layer (2) covering the bottom plate leveling layer (1), and a plurality of pressure relief grooves (3) are arranged in the casting layer (2); A polyethylene board layer (4), wherein the polyethylene board layer (4) is laid on top of the casting layer (2); An anchor cable (6) for anchoring, the anchor cable (6) sequentially passes through the polyethylene board layer (4), the casting layer (2) and the bottom plate leveling layer (1) and then is obliquely inserted into the bottom of the surrounding rock of the soft rock tunnel.

2. The unloading coupling support structure for treating floor heave in soft rock tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filling material particles used in the bottom plate leveling layer (1) have a diameter of less than 4 mm.

3. The unloading coupling support structure for treating floor heave in soft rock tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The casting layer (2) is a concrete casting layer having a thickness of 120 mm, and the width of the pressure relief groove (3) is 5%-10% of the width of the tunnel.

4. The unloading coupling support structure for treating floor heave in soft rock tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The polyethylene sheet layer (4) has a thickness of 27 mm to 33 mm and is provided with an anchor cable tray hole (5) for installing an anchor cable (6).

5. The unloading coupling support structure for treating floor heave in soft rock tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The end of the anchor cable (6) passes through the rock layer of the tunnel floor drum, and the tail end of the anchor cable (6) is 0.1-0.2 m below the bottom of the floor leveling layer (1).

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