Clamp for testing tensile strength of adhesive of Qinxi terracotta warrior
By designing a fixture including upper and lower chucks, the problem that the prior art cannot accurately test the tensile strength of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive is solved, and the test of the tensile direction and the bonding surface is achieved, ensuring the test Accuracy and stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420942028.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-30
AI Technical Summary
The prior art cannot accurately test the tensile strength of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and horse adhesive, and cannot guarantee the stability of the tension and loading rate.
A clamp including an upper chuck and a lower chuck is designed. The clamp adopts a structure of a U-frame, a center rod, a clamp and a clamp drive component. The vertical clamping of the clamp and the vertical tension direction of the clamp are achieved through ball hinge connection and screw drive. , ensure that the direction of tension is perpendicular to the bonding surface when testing on the tensile tester.
The fixture can ensure that the tensile force direction is perpendicular to the bonding surface, accurately test the tensile strength of the bonding material, and ensure the stability and loading rate of the tensile force test.
Smart Images
Figure CN222481984U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of terracotta warrior restoration, and in particular relates to a clamp for testing the tensile strength of an adhesive for Qin terracotta warriors. Background Art
[0002] When the Qin Terracotta Warriors were unearthed, some fragments appeared, causing the ceramic Terracotta Warriors to be incomplete. Therefore, the restoration of the Terracotta Warriors has become an important task, and adhesives are the key materials for repairing fragments. Their tensile, shear and aging properties are the three major technical indicators for evaluating the performance of adhesives. The tensile strength performance test of adhesives requires the preparation of special specimens, which are then bonded together with adhesives to test the tensile strength. When testing the tensile strength, it is necessary to ensure that the direction of the pulling force is perpendicular to the bonding surface and no oblique pulling force is generated, and to ensure that the position of the specimen failure is at the bonding surface. The existing technology for testing the tensile strength of adhesives is to use adhesives to bond the substrate and a 40mm×40mm, 5mm thick steel plate, and use a handheld puller for tensile testing. The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot characterize the tensile strength of the adhesive between the ceramic Terracotta Warriors fragments, and cannot guarantee the stability of the pulling force and the loading rate. Summary of the invention
[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a clamp for testing the tensile strength of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive, which can ensure that the direction of the pulling force is perpendicular to the bonding surface, and can be tested on a tensile testing machine to ensure the stability of the pulling force and the loading rate.
[0004] The solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:
[0005] A clamp for testing the tensile strength of an adhesive for Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp of the same structure, wherein the upper clamp and the lower clamp both comprise a U-shaped frame, a center rod, a clamp plate and a clamp plate driving component, wherein the center rod is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame, the center rod and the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame are connected by a ball joint, the centers of the two wing edges of the U-shaped frame are connected to the clamp plate driving component, one end of each clamp plate driving component located in an inner cavity of the U-shaped frame is rotatably connected to a clamp plate for clamping a test piece, the clamp plate is perpendicular to the axis of the clamp plate driving component, and the axes of the clamp plate driving components on the two wing edges of the U-shaped frame are collinear and coplanar with the center of the ball joint.
[0006] Preferably, the center rod includes a polished rod and a ball head arranged at one end of the polished rod, the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame is provided with a light hole for the polished rod to pass through, and the inner side surface of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame is provided with a hemispherical groove for embedding the ball head at the end of the light hole.
[0007] Preferably, the inner diameter of the light hole is larger than the outer diameter of the light rod, and the diameter of the hemispherical groove is the same as the diameter of the ball head.
[0008] Preferably, the surfaces of the ball head and the hemispherical groove are provided with a lubricating layer.
[0009] Preferably, the lubricating layer is a lubricating oil coating or a brass layer plated on the surface of the ball head and the hemispherical groove.
[0010] Preferably, the clamping plate driving component adopts a screw, and a threaded hole threadedly connected to the screw is opened on the U-shaped frame. One end of the screw located in the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame is perpendicular to the clamping plate and rotatably connected, and the other end of the screw located outside the U-shaped frame is threadedly connected to a fastening nut.
[0011] Preferably, a blind hole is provided on the surface of the splint for inserting the end of the screw, and a circle of groove is provided on the surface of the part of the screw extending into the blind hole. A through hole connected to the blind hole is opened on the side of the splint, and a positioning pin is threadedly connected in the through hole. The end of the positioning pin extends into the groove along the radial direction of the groove and is clearance-fitted with the groove.
[0012] Preferably, the surface of the clamping plate for clamping the test piece is provided with an anti-slip structure.
[0013] Preferably, the anti-slip structure adopts a wavy tooth groove structure, and the cross-sections of the protrusions and grooves of the wavy tooth groove structure are both rectangular.
[0014] Preferably, the inner side of the U-shaped frame wing and the surface of the clamping plate facing the U-shaped frame wing are both set as processing surfaces, and the inner side of the U-shaped frame wing is parallel to the surface of the clamping plate facing the U-shaped frame wing.
[0015] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0016] In the utility model, the clamping plate driving component can be used to drive the clamping plate to move, so the two clamping plate driving components can be used to drive each clamping plate in the chain to clamp or loosen the Terracotta Warriors specimen. Since the clamping plate driving component and the clamping plate are rotatably connected, when the clamping plate contacts the Terracotta Warriors specimen and continues to clamp the Terracotta Warriors specimen, the clamping plate will not rotate, thereby avoiding scratches on the surface of the Terracotta Warriors specimen caused by the rotation of the clamping plate, thereby causing inaccurate test results. The center rod is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame, the clamping plate is perpendicular to the axis of the clamping plate driving component, and the axis of the clamping plate driving component on the two wing edges of the U-shaped frame is collinear and coplanar with the center of the ball joint. The characteristic of this structural design is that when the two clamping plates clamp the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen, the neutral plane of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen is basically coincident with the median vertical plane of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame. When the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen is stretched, bending moment is avoided, which is conducive to the accurate determination of the time result, and at the same time, it can ensure that the adhesive layer on the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen is perpendicular to the median vertical plane of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame. The center rod is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame, and the center rod and the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame are connected by a ball joint. Therefore, when a pulling force is applied to the center rod, the pulling force can always be kept perpendicular to the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame, thereby ensuring that the pulling force is perpendicular to the adhesive layer on the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen. From the above, it can be seen that the utility model can ensure that the direction of the pulling force is perpendicular to the bonding surface of the Terracotta Warriors specimen when the Terracotta Warriors specimen is stretched, accurately test the tensile strength of the bonding material, and ensure the accuracy of the tensile test. Since the upper chuck and the lower chuck are provided, the upper chuck and the lower chuck are both provided with a center rod, and the upper chuck and the lower chuck can be fixedly connected to the upper chuck and the lower chuck of the tensile testing machine respectively through the center rod, and the test is performed on the tensile testing machine, so the stability of the tensile force and the loading rate can be guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the utility model in use state.
[0018] In the figure, 1-center rod, 1-1-plain rod, 1-2-ball head, 2-upper chuck, 3-screw, 3-1-threaded hole, 3-2-groove, 3-3-locating pin, 4-clamp, 5-lower chuck, 6-U-shaped frame, 6-1-plain hole, 6-2-hemispherical groove, 7-first test piece, 8-second test piece, 9-adhesive, 10-fastening nut, 11-tensile testing machine connecting joint. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0020] like Figure 1As shown, the clamp for testing the tensile strength of the adhesive of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the utility model comprises an upper chuck 2 and a lower chuck 5 of the same structure, the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 5 both comprise a U-shaped frame 6, a center rod 1, a splint and a splint driving component, the center rod 1 is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame 6, the center rod 1 and the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame 6 are connected by a ball joint, the centers of the two wing edges of the U-shaped frame 6 are connected to the splint driving components, one end of each splint driving component located in the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame 6 is rotatably connected to a splint for clamping the test piece, the splint is perpendicular to the axis of the splint driving component, the axes of the splint driving components on the two wing edges of the U-shaped frame 6 are collinear and coplanar with the center of the ball joint.
[0021] When the utility model is used, the center rod 1 on the upper clamp 2 and the lower clamp 5 are connected to the upper clamp and the lower clamp of the tensile testing machine respectively, and then the distance between the upper clamp and the lower clamp of the tensile testing machine is adjusted to ensure that the upper clamp 2 and the lower clamp 5 can clamp the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen; then the lower end of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen is placed between the two clamps 4 of the lower clamp 5, and then the clamp driving component on the lower clamp 5 is adjusted so that the two clamps clamp the lower end of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen; the upper clamp is adjusted in the same way. Head 2, so that the two clamps of the upper clamp 2 clamp the upper end of the Terracotta Warriors specimen, the adhesive layer 9 of the Terracotta Warriors specimen is located between the clamps on the upper clamp 2 and the clamps on the lower clamp 5, and at the same time ensure that the upper and lower ends of the Terracotta Warriors specimen are respectively aligned with the center of the ball joints on the upper clamp 2 and the lower clamp 5; then operate the tensile testing machine to apply tension to the Terracotta Warriors specimen. During the process of applying tension, the ball joints on the upper clamp 2 and the lower clamp 5 are used to align the heart, so that the adhesive of the Terracotta Warriors specimen is only subjected to vertical tension, and does not bear bending moment. Among them, the above-mentioned Terracotta Warriors specimen is formed by bonding the first specimen 7 and the second specimen 8 through the adhesive layer 9, as shown Figure 1 shown.
[0022] As a feasible solution of the above scheme, the ball-joint connection between the center rod 1 and the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame 6 of the utility model can adopt the following structure: the center rod 1 includes a light rod 1-1 and a ball head 1-2 arranged at one end of the light rod 1-1, the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame 6 is provided with a light hole 6-1 for the light rod 1-1 to pass through, and the inner side surface of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame 6 is provided with a hemispherical groove 6-2 for embedding the ball head 1-2 at the end of the light hole 6-1. The ball-joint connection between the center rod 1 and the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame 6 is realized by the curved surface matching between the ball head 1-2 and the hemispherical groove 6-2.
[0023] As a further preference of the above scheme of the utility model, in the above scheme, the inner diameter of the light hole 6-1 is larger than the outer diameter of the light rod 1-1, so that the light rod 1-1 can swing at a certain angle in the light hole 6-1, thereby realizing timely adjustment of the direction of tension exerted on the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen by the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 5, and the diameter of the hemispherical groove 6-2 is the same as the diameter of the ball head 1-2, which ensures the uniformity of the contact surface and is not easy to deform.
[0024] As a further preference of the above scheme of the utility model, the utility model can also set a lubricating layer on the surface of the ball head 1-2 and the hemispherical groove 6-2. Through the lubricating effect of the lubricating layer, the relative rotation between the ball head 1-2 and the hemispherical groove 6-2 will be easier, reducing experimental errors.
[0025] As a feasible solution of the above scheme, the lubricating layer is a lubricating oil coating or a brass layer plated on the surface of the ball head 1-2 and the hemispherical groove 6-2. The lubricating oil coating can be achieved by applying grease on the surface of the ball head 1-2 and the hemispherical groove 6-2; the brass layer can be obtained by electroplating on the surface of the ball head 1-2 and the hemispherical groove 6-2.
[0026] As a feasible solution to the above scheme, Figure 1 As shown, the clamp driving component adopts a screw rod 3, and a threaded hole 3-1 threadedly connected to the screw rod 3 is provided on the U-shaped frame 6. One end of the screw rod 3 located in the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame 6 is perpendicular to the clamp and rotatably connected, and one end of the screw rod 3 located outside the U-shaped frame 6 is threadedly connected with a fastening nut 10. In the above structure, by rotating the screw rod 3, the position of the clamp can be adjusted to achieve the clamping or loosening of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen. By fastening the nut 10, the screw rod 3 and the U-shaped frame 6 can be locked. During the experiment, it is ensured that the clamp always clamps the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen, and the experimental results are accurately determined. The structure is simple, reliable, and flexible to adjust.
[0027] As a feasible solution of the above scheme, the rotation connection between the screw rod 3 and the clamping plate can be adopted as follows: the clamping plate surface is provided with a blind hole for the end of the screw rod 3 to be inserted, the surface of the screw rod 3 extending into the blind hole is provided with a circle of grooves 3-2, the side of the clamping plate is provided with a through hole connected to the blind hole, the through hole is threadedly connected with a positioning pin 3-3, the end of the positioning pin 3-3 extends into the groove 3-2 along the radial direction of the groove 3-2 and is in clearance fit with the groove 3-2. The positioning pin 3-3 realizes circumferential limitation of the screw rod 3, and the groove 3-2 ensures the relative rotation between the screw rod 3 and the clamping plate.
[0028] As a further preference of the above scheme of the utility model, the surface of the clamping plate for clamping the specimen is provided with an anti-slip structure, which can avoid relative sliding between the clamping plate and the Terracotta Warriors specimen, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the specimen results.
[0029] As a feasible solution of the above scheme, the anti-skid structure adopts a wavy tooth groove structure, and the cross-sections of the protrusions and grooves of the wavy tooth groove structure are both rectangular. The wavy tooth groove structure with a rectangular cross-section can reduce the excessively deep indentations on the surface of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen, so that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen is damaged before the adhesive 9 due to the stress concentration at the indentation. Furthermore, under the condition of ensuring no slipping, the width of the protrusions and grooves of the tooth groove structure of the wavy tooth groove structure is as small as possible.
[0030] As a further preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned solution of the utility model, the inner side surface of the wing edge of the U-shaped frame 6 and the surface of the clamp facing the wing edge of the U-shaped frame 6 are both set as processing surfaces, and the inner side surface of the wing edge of the U-shaped frame 6 is parallel to the surface of the clamp facing the wing edge of the U-shaped frame 6. Through the above-mentioned solution, when clamping the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen, the distance between the back surface of the clamp (i.e., the surface connected to the clamp driving component) and the inner side of the wing edge of the U-shaped frame 6 can be accurately measured. When the distances between the back surfaces of the left and right clamps of the upper clamp 2 and the inner side surfaces of the left and right wing edges of the U-shaped frame 6 are equal, the neutral plane of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses specimen can be guaranteed (see Figure 1 The surface of the Terracotta Warriors specimen (perpendicular to the paper surface and the adhesive 9) passes through the center of the ball joint on the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 5, thus ensuring that the direction of the pulling force applied by the upper chuck 2 and the lower chuck 5 to the adhesive 9 is perpendicular to the adhesive 9.
[0031] It can be seen that the technical advantage of the fixture for testing the tensile strength of the Qin Terracotta Warriors adhesive of the utility model is that the test piece is firmly fixed and the direction of the pulling force can be ensured to be perpendicular to the bonding surface during stretching. Therefore, the tensile strength of the bonding material can be accurately tested and the failure surface can be ensured to be at the bonding surface.
[0032] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may be modified and varied in various ways. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper chuck (2) and a lower chuck (5) of the same structure, wherein the upper chuck (2) and the lower chuck (5) both comprise a U-shaped frame (6), a center rod (1), a clamping plate and a clamping plate driving component, wherein the center rod (1) is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame (6), the center rod (1) and the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame (6) are connected by a ball joint, the centers of the two wing edges of the U-shaped frame (6) are connected to the clamping plate driving component, and one end of each clamping plate driving component located in the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame (6) is rotatably connected to a clamping plate for clamping a test piece, the clamping plate is perpendicular to the axis of the clamping plate driving component, and the axis of the clamping plate driving component on the two wing edges of the U-shaped frame (6) is colinear and coplanar with the center of the ball joint.
2. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center rod (1) comprises a polished rod (1-1) and a ball head (1-2) arranged at one end of the polished rod (1-1); a light hole (6-1) for the polished rod (1-1) to pass through is provided at the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame (6); and a hemispherical groove (6-2) for embedding the ball head (1-2) is provided at the end of the light hole (6-1) on the inner side surface of the bottom edge of the U-shaped frame (6).
3. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the light hole (6-1) is larger than the outer diameter of the light rod (1-1), and the diameter of the hemispherical groove (6-2) is the same as the diameter of the ball head (1-2).
4. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surfaces of the ball head (1-2) and the hemispherical groove (6-2) are provided with a lubricating layer.
5. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lubricating layer is a lubricating oil coating or a brass layer plated on the surface of the ball head (1-2) and the hemispherical groove (6-2).
6. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping plate driving component adopts a screw rod (3), and a threaded hole (3-1) threadedly connected to the screw rod (3) is opened on the U-shaped frame (6). One end of the screw rod (3) located in the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame (6) is perpendicular to the clamping plate and rotatably connected, and one end of the screw rod (3) located outside the U-shaped frame (6) is threadedly connected to a fastening nut (10).
7. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 6, characterized in that: A blind hole is provided on the surface of the clamping plate for the end of the screw (3) to be inserted, and a circle of grooves (3-2) are provided on the surface of the portion of the screw (3) extending into the blind hole. A through hole connected to the blind hole is opened on the side of the clamping plate, and a positioning pin (3-3) is threadedly connected in the through hole. The end of the positioning pin (3-3) extends into the groove (3-2) along the radial direction of the groove (3-2) and is clearance-fitted with the groove (3-2).
8. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the clamping plate for clamping the test piece is provided with an anti-slip structure.
9. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 8, characterized in that: The anti-slip structure adopts a wave-shaped tooth groove structure, and the cross sections of the protrusions and grooves of the wave-shaped tooth groove structure are both rectangular.
10. A fixture for testing the tensile strength of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side surface of the wing edge of the U-shaped frame (6) and the surface of the clamping plate facing the wing edge of the U-shaped frame (6) are both set as processing surfaces, and the inner side surface of the wing edge of the U-shaped frame (6) is parallel to the surface of the clamping plate facing the wing edge of the U-shaped frame (6).