Solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes
By designing a solid-state fermentation device integrating heating, spraying and aerating components, and using spiral blade stirring technology, the existing device has large space, poor applicability and low fermentation efficiency have been solved, and a more efficient microbial growth and fermentation process has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420901931.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-28
AI Technical Summary
The existing solid-state fermentation devices occupy a large space, have poor applicability, uneven stirring, slow growth and metabolism of microorganisms and low fermentation efficiency, and have limited application range.
A solid fermentation device for aerobic compost for agricultural and forestry waste was designed, integrating heating device, spray assembly and aerator assembly, and spiral blades were used to stir the materials in the fermentation cylinder to ensure that the materials were in full contact with water and air.
The device covers a small space and can adapt to temperature changes in different environments. It improves the growth and metabolism speed of microbial organisms and fermentation efficiency through uniform stirring, expanding its application range.
Smart Images
Figure CN222647869U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aerobic composting and fermentation, and in particular to a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes. Background Art
[0002] Agricultural and forestry waste refers to various types of waste materials that are generated during the agricultural and forestry production process and cannot be directly used or are no longer needed. Agricultural residues refer to the crop straw, corn straw, wheat straw, bean straw, etc. left in the farmland. These wastes are usually cut off during the agricultural production process and are not directly used. In addition, the remaining agricultural products, such as peels, cores, and pomace, are also part of agricultural and forestry waste. In forestry, waste from wood processing, branches and leaves, and bark produced by forest land clearing also constitute part of agricultural and forestry waste. Agricultural and forestry waste can be used to prepare organic fertilizers through aerobic composting and fermentation. Compared with anaerobic composting, aerobic composting requires sufficient oxygen supply to promote the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter. However, the existing solid-state fermentation device is separated from the water spraying device, the aeration device, and the heating device, which occupies a large space and has poor applicability. In addition, the agitator in the existing fermentation device is unevenly stirred, the microbial growth and metabolism rate is slow, the fermentation efficiency is low, and the application range is limited. Utility Model Content
[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0004] According to one aspect of the present application, a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes includes a fermentation cylinder, a top cover, a feed port, a rotating motor, a spiral blade, a spray assembly, a heating jacket, a water seepage cylinder and an aeration assembly. The top of the fermentation cylinder is provided with a top cover, the top of the top cover is provided with a feed port and an air outlet pipe, a rotating motor is fixedly installed in the middle of the top cover, the output shaft of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is vertically arranged at the axial position inside the fermentation cylinder, a spiral blade is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and the length of the spiral blade is set to extend vertically from the bottom to the top of the fermentation cylinder, and the position of the inner wall of the fermentation cylinder near the inner wall is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft. A spray assembly is provided, a heating jacket is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder, a heating rod is wound inside the heating jacket, a temperature sensor is installed on the side wall of the fermentation cylinder, a probe of the temperature sensor extends through the fermentation cylinder, a sampling tube is connected to the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder, a discharge port is provided at the bottommost position of the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder, a filter plate is fixedly provided at the bottom horizontally of the interior of the fermentation cylinder, the bottom of the fermentation cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the water seepage cylinder, an aeration assembly is installed inside the water seepage cylinder, a water outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the water seepage cylinder, and valves are installed on the water outlet pipe, the sampling tube and the discharge port.
[0005] Preferably, the spray assembly comprises an annular water pipe, a water guide pipe, a first water spray pipe and a second water spray pipe, the annular water pipe is fixedly installed on the circumferential side of the top of the top cover, the top of the annular water pipe is connected to a water inlet interface, the water inlet interface is externally connected to a water pump, a plurality of through holes are opened on the top cover located at the position of the annular water pipe along its circumferential direction, the bottom of the annular water pipe is connected to a water pipe corresponding to each through hole position, and each of the water pipe interfaces is installed in the corresponding through hole, and a water guide pipe is installed at the lower end of each through hole, and the top end of the water guide pipe is threadedly connected to the through hole, each of the water guide pipes is vertically arranged inside the fermentation cylinder near the inner wall, each of the water guide pipes is provided with a first water spray pipe and a second water spray pipe along its length direction, and the first water spray pipe and the second water spray pipe are both arranged toward the inside of the fermentation cylinder.
[0006] Preferably, the first water spray pipe is arranged at the uppermost part of the water pipe and the number of the first water spray pipe is one, the number of the second water spray pipe is at least one, and the plurality of the second water spray pipes are evenly and equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the water pipe, a sprinkler head is installed at the water outlet of the first water spray pipe, and a high-pressure nozzle is installed at the water outlet of the second water spray pipe.
[0007] Preferably, the aeration component includes an air inlet pipe, an air delivery pipe and an aerator. The air inlet pipe passes through the side wall of the water infiltration cylinder and extends horizontally inside the water infiltration cylinder. Multiple air delivery pipes are connected on both sides of the air inlet pipe inside the water infiltration cylinder, and the multiple air delivery pipes are connected to each other. Multiple aerators are installed on the multiple air delivery pipes, and the multiple aerators are evenly distributed and the aeration holes thereof are all arranged toward the inside of the fermentation cylinder. An air inlet interface is provided at the end of the water inlet pipe located outside the water infiltration cylinder, and the air inlet interface is externally connected to an air pump.
[0008] Preferably, the number of the temperature sensors is three, and the three temperature sensors are respectively installed at the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation cylinder.
[0009] Preferably, the number of the sampling tubes is three, and the three sampling tubes are respectively connected to the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation cylinder.
[0010] Preferably, the heating rod in the heating jacket is electrically connected to a temperature controller.
[0011] Preferably, the lower part of the water seepage cylinder is a retractable structure.
[0012] The advantages of the present application over the prior art are as follows: a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes of the present application integrates a heating device, a spray assembly and an aeration assembly on the device, so that the overall device occupies a smaller space, and the temperature change of the heating device can be adjusted by a temperature controller, thereby being able to adapt to different working environments; the device stirs the material in the fermentation cylinder by using a spiral blade, so that the spiral blade can stir the material in the fermentation cylinder up and down, so that the material in the fermentation cylinder can be fully and evenly contacted with the water sprayed by the spray assembly and the air input by the aeration assembly, thereby improving the growth metabolism rate of microorganisms and the fermentation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to one embodiment of the present application.
[0014] Figure 2 It is a main cross-sectional view of a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes according to one embodiment of the present application.
[0015] Figure 3 It is a side sectional view of a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes according to one embodiment of the present application.
[0016] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes according to one embodiment of the present application.
[0017] Figure 5 It is a stereoscopic diagram of a spray assembly of a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0018] Figure 6 It is a stereoscopic diagram of an aeration component of a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0019] Figure numerals: 1. fermentation cylinder; 2. top cover; 3. feed port; 4. rotating motor; 5. spiral blade; 6. spray assembly; 61. annular water pipe; 62. water guide pipe; 63. first water spray pipe; 64. second water spray pipe; 65. water inlet interface; 66. water supply interface; 7. heating jacket; 71. heating rod; 8. water seepage cylinder; 9. aeration assembly; 91. air inlet pipe; 92. air supply pipe; 93. aerator; 94. air inlet interface; 10. air outlet pipe; 11. rotating shaft; 12. temperature sensor; 13. sampling tube; 14. discharge port; 15. filter plate; 16. water outlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] In order to make the contents of the present application more clearly understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the words "inside" and "outside" refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0021] like Figure 1 to Figure 4As shown, a solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes comprises a fermentation cylinder 1, a top cover 2, a feed port 3, a rotating motor 4, a spiral blade 5, a spray assembly 6, a heating jacket 7, a water seepage cylinder 8 and an aeration assembly 9. The top of the fermentation cylinder 1 is provided with a top cover 2, a feed port 3 and an air outlet pipe 10 are provided at the top of the top cover 2, a flip cover is provided at the feed port 3, a rotating motor 4 is fixedly installed at the middle of the top cover 2, an output shaft of the rotating motor 4 is fixedly connected to the upper end of a rotating shaft 11, the rotating shaft 11 is vertically arranged at the internal axis position of the fermentation cylinder 1, a spiral blade 5 is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 11, and the length of the spiral blade 5 is set to extend vertically from the bottom to the top of the fermentation cylinder 1. The spiral blades 5 are extended, so that the spiral blades 5 can stir the materials in the fermentation cylinder 1 up and down, so that the materials in the fermentation cylinder 1 can be fully in contact with the water sprayed by the spray component 6 and the air input by the aeration component 9, thereby improving the growth and metabolism rate of microorganisms and the fermentation efficiency; a spray component 6 is arranged near the inner wall of the fermentation cylinder 1, a heating jacket 7 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder 1, a heating rod 71 is wound in the heating jacket 7, the heating rod 71 in the heating jacket 7 is electrically connected to the temperature controller, and the temperature controller can adjust the heating temperature of the heating rod 71, and a temperature sensor 12 is installed on the side wall of the fermentation cylinder 1. The temperature sensor 12 The probe extends through the fermentation cylinder 1. Specifically, there are three temperature sensors 12, and the three temperature sensors 12 are respectively installed at the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation cylinder 1. This setting can monitor the overall temperature in the fermentation cylinder 1, so that the temperature sensor 12 can feed back the detected temperature to the temperature controller, and then the temperature controller can adjust the heating temperature of the heating rod 71 according to the actual situation to heat the fermentation cylinder 1; a sampling tube 13 is connected to the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder 1, and a valve is installed at the sampling tube 13. Specifically, there are three sampling tubes 13, and the three sampling tubes 13 are respectively connected to the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation cylinder 1. The middle and lower parts are configured to sample materials at different positions in the fermentation cylinder 1 to monitor the oxygen consumption and dryness and wetness conditions of the materials during the fermentation process; a discharge port 14 is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder 1, and a valve is installed at the discharge port 14. A filter plate 15 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the fermentation cylinder 1, and the bottom of the fermentation cylinder 1 is fixedly connected to the top of the seepage cylinder 8. The bottom of the seepage cylinder 8 is connected to a water outlet pipe 16, and a valve is installed at the water outlet pipe 16. The lower part of the seepage cylinder 8 is a retracted structure, so that the water seeping out of the material during the fermentation process in the fermentation cylinder 1 can be guided to the water outlet pipe 16, and an aeration component 9 is installed inside the seepage cylinder 8.
[0022] In the above design, by integrating the heating device, the spray component 6 and the aeration component 9 on the device, the overall device occupies a smaller space, and the temperature change of the heating device can be adjusted by the temperature controller, so as to adapt to different working environments; the device uses the spiral blade 5 to stir the material in the fermentation cylinder 1, so that the spiral blade 5 can stir the material in the fermentation cylinder 1 up and down, so that the material in the fermentation cylinder 1 can be fully and evenly contacted with the water sprayed by the spray component 6 and the air input by the aeration component 9, thereby improving the growth metabolism rate of microorganisms and the fermentation efficiency.
[0023] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 2 and Figure 5 The spray assembly 6 includes an annular water pipe 61, a water guide pipe 62, a first water spray pipe 63 and a second water spray pipe 64. The annular water pipe 61 is fixedly installed on the top peripheral side of the top cover 2. The top of the annular water pipe 61 is connected with a water inlet interface 65, and the water inlet interface 65 is connected to an external water pump through a connecting pipe. A plurality of through holes are opened on the top cover 2 at the position of the annular water pipe 61 along its circumferential direction. The bottom of the annular water pipe 61 is connected with a water supply interface 66 corresponding to each through hole position, and each water supply interface 66 is installed in the corresponding through hole, and a water guide pipe 62 is installed at the lower end of each through hole, and the top end of the water guide pipe 62 is threadedly connected to the through hole. Each water guide pipe 62 is vertically arranged inside the fermentation cylinder 1 near the inner wall, and each water guide pipe 62 is provided with a first water spray pipe 63 and a second water spray pipe 64 along its length direction. The second water spray pipe 64, and the first water spray pipe 63 and the second water spray pipe 64 are both arranged toward the inner side of the fermentation cylinder 1; specifically, the first water spray pipe 63 is arranged at the uppermost part of the water guide pipe 62 and the number of the first water spray pipe 63 is one, the number of the second water spray pipe 64 is at least one, and the plurality of second water spray pipes 64 are evenly and equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the water guide pipe 62, a spray head is installed at the water outlet of the first water spray pipe 63, and a high-pressure nozzle is installed at the water outlet of the second water spray pipe 64, this arrangement enables the spray head of the first water spray pipe 63 to spray above the material in the fermentation cylinder 1, in addition, the water guide pipe 62 extends into the material pile and the high-pressure nozzles of the plurality of second water spray pipes 64 on the water guide pipe 62 spray water to material positions at different heights, so that the material and water can be evenly mixed under the stirring of the spiral blade 5.
[0024] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 6The aeration assembly 9 includes an air inlet pipe 91, an air delivery pipe 92 and an aerator 93. The air inlet pipe 91 penetrates the side wall of the water seepage cylinder 8 and extends horizontally inside the water seepage cylinder 8. The air inlet pipe 91 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the water seepage cylinder 8 through a connecting rod. Multiple air delivery pipes 92 are connected on both sides of the air inlet pipe 91 inside the water seepage cylinder 8, and the multiple air delivery pipes 92 are connected to each other. Multiple aerators 93 are connected and installed on the multiple air delivery pipes 92, and the multiple aerators 93 are evenly distributed and their aeration holes are all arranged toward the inside of the fermentation cylinder 1. An air inlet interface 94 is provided at the end of the air inlet pipe 91 outside the water seepage cylinder 8. The air inlet interface 94 is connected to an air pump through a connecting pipe. In a specific implementation, the air pump transports external air into the air inlet pipe 91 and flows into the air delivery pipe 92, and is ejected through the aerator 93, and the ejected air passes through the filter and is evenly mixed with the material in the fermentation cylinder 1 under the up and down flipping of the spiral blade 5.
[0025] Working principle: When in use, the processed agricultural and forestry waste is poured into the fermentation cylinder 1 from the feed port 3, and then the rotating motor 4 is started to drive the spiral blade 5 to stir the material up and down. At the same time, the water pump conveys water to the annular water pipe 61 and to the water guide pipe 62, and is sprayed out from the first water spray pipe 63 and the second water spray pipe 64 respectively, and is evenly mixed with the material in the fermentation cylinder 1 under the up and down stirring of the spiral blade 5. The air pump conveys the outside air to the air inlet pipe 91 and flows into the air pipe 92, and is sprayed out through the aerator 93, and the sprayed air passes through the filter and is evenly mixed with the material in the fermentation cylinder 1 under the up and down stirring of the spiral blade 5. After the mixing is completed, the heating temperature of the heating rod 71 is adjusted to the specified value using the temperature controller. , so that the heating jacket 7 heats the fermentation cylinder 1; during the fermentation process, the overall temperature in the fermentation cylinder 1 is monitored by the temperature sensor 12 arranged at the upper, middle and lower positions of the fermentation cylinder 1, so that the temperature sensor 12 can feed back the detected temperature to the temperature controller, and then the temperature controller can adjust the heating temperature of the heating rod 71 according to the actual situation to heat the fermentation cylinder 1, and when sampling is needed, the valve on the sampling tube 13 arranged at the upper, middle and lower positions of the fermentation cylinder 1 is opened to sample the materials at different positions in the fermentation cylinder 1 to monitor the oxygen consumption and dryness and wetness of the materials during the fermentation process, and according to the actual situation, the spray component 6 and the aeration component 9 are controlled to add water and gas to the materials in the fermentation cylinder 1.
[0026] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the embodiments of the present application are described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents, without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry wastes, comprising a fermentation cylinder (1), a top cover (2), a feed port (3), a rotating motor (4), a spiral blade (5), a spray assembly (6), a heating jacket (7), a water seepage cylinder (8) and an aeration assembly (9), characterized in that: A top cover (2) is installed on the top of the fermentation cylinder (1), and a feed port (3) and an air outlet pipe (10) are arranged on the top of the top cover (2). A rotating motor (4) is fixedly installed in the middle of the top cover (2), and the output shaft of the rotating motor (4) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft (11). The rotating shaft (11) is vertically arranged at the axial position inside the fermentation cylinder (1). A spiral blade (5) is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (11), and the length of the spiral blade (5) is arranged to extend vertically from the bottom to the top of the fermentation cylinder (1). A spray assembly (6) is arranged near the inner wall of the fermentation cylinder (1), and a heating jacket (7) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder (1). A heating jacket (7) is wound inside the heating jacket (7). A heating rod (71) is provided. A temperature sensor (12) is installed on the side wall of the fermentation cylinder (1). The probe of the temperature sensor (12) extends into the interior of the fermentation cylinder (1). A sampling tube (13) is connected to the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder (1). A discharge port (14) is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the fermentation cylinder (1). A filter plate (15) is fixedly provided horizontally at the bottom of the interior of the fermentation cylinder (1). The bottom of the fermentation cylinder (1) is fixedly connected to the top of the water seepage cylinder (8). An aeration assembly (9) is installed inside the water seepage cylinder (8). A water outlet pipe (16) is connected to the bottom of the water seepage cylinder (8). Valves are installed on the water outlet pipe (16), the sampling tube (13) and the discharge port (14).
2. The solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray assembly (6) comprises an annular water pipe (61), a water guide pipe (62), a first water spray pipe (63) and a second water spray pipe (64); the annular water pipe (61) is fixedly installed on the circumferential side of the top of the top cover (2); the top of the annular water pipe (61) is connected to a water inlet interface (65); the water inlet interface (65) is connected to an external water pump; a plurality of through holes are formed on the top cover (2) at the position of the annular water pipe (61) along its circumferential direction; the bottom of the annular water pipe (61) is connected to a water pipe interface (65) at the position of each through hole. 66), and each of the water delivery interfaces (66) is installed in the corresponding through hole, and a water pipe (62) is installed at the lower end of each through hole, and the top end of the water pipe (62) is threadedly connected to the through hole, and each of the water pipes (62) is vertically arranged inside the fermentation cylinder (1) near the inner wall, and each of the water pipes (62) is provided with a first water spray pipe (63) and a second water spray pipe (64) along its length direction, and the first water spray pipe (63) and the second water spray pipe (64) are both arranged toward the inner side of the fermentation cylinder (1).
3. The solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first water spray pipe (63) is arranged at the uppermost part of the water guide pipe (62), and the number of the first water spray pipe (63) is one, the number of the second water spray pipe (64) is at least one, and the plurality of the second water spray pipes (64) are evenly and equidistantly arranged along the length direction of the water guide pipe (62), a spray head is installed at the water outlet of the first water spray pipe (63), and a high-pressure spray head is installed at the water outlet of the second water spray pipe (64).
4. The solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration assembly (9) comprises an air inlet pipe (91), an air delivery pipe (92) and an aerator (93); the air inlet pipe (91) penetrates the side wall of the water seepage cylinder (8) and extends horizontally inside the water seepage cylinder (8); a plurality of air delivery pipes (92) are arranged on both sides of the air inlet pipe (91) inside the water seepage cylinder (8); the plurality of air delivery pipes (92) are interconnected; a plurality of aerators (93) are arranged on the plurality of air delivery pipes (92); the plurality of aerators (93) are evenly distributed and their aeration holes are arranged toward the inside of the fermentation cylinder (1); an air inlet interface (94) is arranged at the end of the air inlet pipe (91) outside the water seepage cylinder (8); the air inlet interface (94) is externally connected to an air pump.
5. The solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the temperature sensors (12) is three, and the three temperature sensors (12) are respectively installed at the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation cylinder (1).
6. The solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the sampling tubes (13) is three, and the three sampling tubes (13) are respectively connected to the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation cylinder (1).
7. The solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating rod (71) in the heating jacket (7) is electrically connected to a temperature controller.
8. The solid-state fermentation device for aerobic composting of agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the water seepage cylinder (8) is a retractable structure.