Solar cell module, photovoltaic module and electric device

Abstract

The utility model provides a solar cell module, a photovoltaic module and a power utilization device, and relates to the photovoltaic field. The solar cell module comprises a solar cell, a back plate and a waterproof layer. The solar cell is electrically connected with a current guide strip which is provided with a leading-out end. The back plate is positioned on the back surface of the solar cell and is provided with a lead hole corresponding to the leading-out end; the waterproof layer is provided with a filling part and a connecting part which are connected with each other, the filling part is filled in the lead hole and seals the lead hole, the leading-out end penetrates out of the lead hole through the filling part, and the connecting part surrounds the periphery of the filling part and is clamped between the solar cell and the back plate. The waterproof capability of the lead hole can be improved, and the reliability of the waterproof layer can also be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to a solar cell module, a photovoltaic module and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] A lead hole for the guide bar to pass through is arranged on the back plate of the solar cell assembly, and the guide bar is connected to the junction box after passing through the lead hole.

[0003] However, water vapor can easily enter the interior of the solar cell module through the lead holes, causing water vapor corrosion to the cells, thereby affecting the output power of the solar cell module. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a solar cell assembly, a photovoltaic assembly and an electrical device, which can improve the technical problem that the output power of the solar cell assembly is affected by water vapor erosion caused by the setting of lead holes.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, which includes a solar cell, a back plate and a waterproof layer.

[0006] The solar cell assembly includes a solar cell, a back plate and a waterproof layer. The solar cell is electrically connected to a guide bar, which has a lead-out end; the back plate is located on the back of the solar cell, and the back plate is provided with a lead hole corresponding to the lead-out end; the waterproof layer has a filling part and a connecting part connected to each other, the filling part is filled in the lead hole and seals the lead hole, the lead-out end passes through the filling part and passes through the lead hole, and the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and sandwiched between the solar cell and the back plate.

[0007] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a waterproof layer is provided with a filling part and a connecting part which are interconnected. The filling part fills the lead hole and seals the lead hole, and the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and clamped between the solar cell and the back plate. On the one hand, the waterproof layer is arranged inside the solar cell module, which can not only complete the hole plugging operation during the hot pressing process, but also the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and stably clamped between the solar cell and the back plate, which is beneficial to rigidly constrain the waterproof layer, so that the connection between the waterproof layer and the back plate and the solar cell is tighter, avoiding the risk of failure of the waterproof layer, and further improving the water-oxygen stability of the device. On the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the hot pressing process, it is beneficial to reduce the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell module after packaging, etc., and improve the stability of the connection interface.

[0008] In some embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer is less than 0.1 g / m 2 *d. The water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer is <0.1g / m 2*d, which can effectively improve the waterproof ability of the lead holes of the solar cell module, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module.

[0009] In some embodiments, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is 0.01-0.05 g / m 2 *d. The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is within the above range, which can effectively improve the waterproof ability of the lead hole of the solar cell module, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is made of at least one of rubber, silicone, silicone mixture, silicone rubber or rubber mixture. The above materials are easy to obtain and have a low water vapor permeability and good water barrier properties.

[0011] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is made of butyl rubber, which has good durability and good water-insulating properties, and is conducive to permanently improving the waterproof ability of the lead hole of the solar cell module, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module.

[0012] In some embodiments, the waterproof layer is bonded between the solar cell and the back sheet. The bonding arrangement can prevent the waterproof layer from shifting during the lamination process, and is also beneficial to improving the structural stability between the waterproof layer, the solar cell and the back sheet, and is beneficial to improving the water resistance.

[0013] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the waterproof layer is smaller than the area of ​​the back plate, which is beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost while improving the waterproof capability of the lead hole.

[0014] In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer to the area of ​​the back plate is 1:20-1:100. On the basis of improving the waterproof capability of the lead hole, it is beneficial to reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0015] In some embodiments, a junction box is provided on the side of the back sheet facing away from the solar cell, the guide bar is electrically connected to the junction box, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer on the back sheet is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box on the back sheet. On the basis of improving the waterproof capability at the lead hole, not only the manufacturing cost is reduced, but also the aesthetics of the solar cell module can be improved.

[0016] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly further comprises a backside encapsulation film located between the backsheet and the solar cell; wherein the waterproof layer is located between the solar cell and the backside encapsulation film, and / or the waterproof layer is located between the backsheet and the backside encapsulation film. The backside encapsulation film can provide mechanical buffer protection for the solar cell and provide support force between the waterproof layer, the backsheet and the solar cell.

[0017] In some embodiments, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

[0018] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly includes a transparent panel, which is located on the front side of the solar cell. The transparent panel is helpful to further encapsulate the front side of the solar cell to inhibit or isolate water vapor from entering.

[0019] In some embodiments, a sealant is further included, which surrounds the solar cell and is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and the back panel to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell, thereby effectively encapsulating the solar cell assembly to inhibit or isolate water vapor from entering.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, which includes a plurality of electrically connected solar cell assemblies in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the solar cell module or photovoltaic module provided in the above embodiments, and the solar cell module and photovoltaic module are used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.

[0022] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Moreover, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the assembly of the waterproof layer and the back plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] icon:

[0029] 1000-Solar cell module;

[0030] 11-solar cell; 14-back encapsulation film; 15-waterproof layer; 16-back sheet; 17-guide strip; 18-junction box; 19-seal;

[0031] 151-filling part; 153-connecting part; 161-lead hole; 171-lead end;

[0032] 111-transparent conductive glass substrate; 112-hole transport layer; 113-perovskite light absorption layer; 114-electron transport layer; 115-metal fluoride layer; 116-electrode layer; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0036] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] As a green energy battery, solar cells are now more widely used in the market. Among them, solar cells are not only used in photovoltaic components such as solar power stations, but also gradually used in electric devices such as electric vehicles. With the continuous expansion of the application field of solar cells, the market demand is also constantly expanding.

[0042] Solar cells are easily corroded and damaged after being infiltrated by water vapor, resulting in loss of cell function and significant degradation of module performance. Therefore, encapsulation to isolate water vapor from intrusion is particularly important for solar cell modules. The back plate of existing solar cell modules is provided with lead holes for guide bars to pass through. The guide bars pass through the lead holes and are connected to the junction box. However, water vapor can easily enter the interior of the solar cell module through the lead holes, causing water vapor corrosion to the solar cell, thereby affecting the output power of the solar cell module.

[0043] In order to solve the above problems, the solar cells and the backplane are usually assembled and hot-pressed (also known as lamination), and then glue is injected from the outside of the backplane into the lead holes and solidified to form a sealing glue layer for sealing the lead holes. However, the above operation has the following problems: 1. Glue injection can only fill the lead holes; 2. Since the glue injection method is from the outside to the inside, air may not be removed in time, resulting in pores at the connection interface between the sealing glue layer and the hole wall of the lead hole, affecting the stability of the connection interface, or water vapor cannot be completely removed during the sealing process and remains; 3. The sealing glue layer is only combined with the hole wall of the lead hole by bonding force, and it is easy to fall off or shift due to external stress, affecting the sealing effect and resulting in poor durability.

[0044] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a solar cell assembly, which includes a solar cell, a back sheet and a waterproof layer.

[0045] Among them, the solar cell is electrically connected to a guide bar, which has a lead-out end; the back plate is located on the back of the solar cell, and the back plate is provided with lead holes corresponding to the lead-out ends; the waterproof layer has a filling part and a connecting part that are connected to each other, the filling part fills in the lead hole and seals the lead hole, the lead-out end passes through the lead hole through the filling part, and the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and clamped between the solar cell and the back plate.

[0046] The present application adopts a configuration in which the waterproof layer has a filling portion and a connecting portion that are interconnected. The filling portion fills the lead hole and seals the lead hole, and the connecting portion is arranged around the filling portion and clamped between the solar cell and the back plate. On the one hand, the waterproof layer is arranged inside the solar cell module, which can not only complete the hole plugging operation during the hot pressing process, but also the connecting portion is arranged around the filling portion and stably clamped between the solar cell and the back plate, which is beneficial to rigidly constrain the waterproof layer, making the connection between the waterproof layer and the back plate and the solar cell tighter, avoiding the risk of failure of the waterproof layer, and further improving the water-oxygen stability of the device. On the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the hot pressing process, it is beneficial to reduce the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell module after packaging, etc., and improve the stability of the connection interface.

[0047] Hereinafter, the technical solution of the present application will be exemplarily described in conjunction with embodiments.

[0048] See also Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell assembly 1000 includes a solar cell 11 , a back sheet 16 and a waterproof layer 15 .

[0049] Among them, the solar cell 11 is electrically connected to a guide bar 17, and the guide bar 17 has a lead-out end 171; the back plate 16 is located on the back side of the solar cell 11, and the back plate 16 is provided with a lead hole 161 corresponding to the lead-out end 171; the waterproof layer 15 has a filling part 151 and a connecting part 153 connected to each other, the filling part 151 fills in the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161, the lead-out end 171 passes through the filling part 151 and passes out of the lead hole 161, and the connecting part 153 is surrounded by the filling part 151 in the circumference and clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16.

[0050] The solar cell 11 may be, but is not limited to, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell or a perovskite solar cell. It is understood that the solar cell 11 has a front side and a back side relative to each other, the front side being the side of the solar cell 11 facing the sunlight when the solar cell assembly 1000 is working normally, and the back side being the side of the solar cell 11 facing away from the sunlight when the solar cell assembly 1000 is working normally.

[0051] The guide bar 17 can be a conductive metal, including but not limited to copper strips, aluminum strips, etc. The guide bar 17 includes a positive electrode guide bar and a negative electrode guide bar. The positive electrode guide bar is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell 11, and the negative electrode guide bar is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the solar cell 11 to output electrical energy to the outside.

[0052] The back sheet 16 refers to the sheet facing away from the sunlight when the solar cell module 1000 is working normally. The back sheet 16 is located on the back of the solar cell 11 to encapsulate the back of the solar cell 11 to prevent water vapor from entering. The back sheet 16 includes but is not limited to a glass sheet, a metal composite sheet, a composite polymer sheet containing a metal film layer, or a composite polymer sheet containing an inorganic non-metallic film layer. Each of the back sheets 16 has excellent water vapor barrier capability. Exemplarily, the back sheet is a transparent glass sheet.

[0053] The lead holes 161 on the back plate 16 are used to provide a channel for the guide bar 17 to extend out of the solar cell module 1000. The lead end 171 passes through the filler portion 151 and out of the lead hole 161, which means that the filler portion 151 has a packaging surface facing away from the solar cell 11, and the lead end 171 passes through the filler portion 151 and extends out of the packaging surface of the filler portion 151.

[0054] The waterproof layer 15 is a member having a certain water-blocking capability.

[0055] It can be understood that, since the filling portion 151 and the connecting portion 153 are integrally formed, the filling portion 151 fills the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161, and the connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16. Therefore, in the actual preparation process, the waterproof layer 15 is located between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16, and the lead hole 161 is located in the waterproof layer 15 along the positive projection of the stacking direction of the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16. Therefore, during the hot pressing process, part of the waterproof layer 15 can be filled in the lead hole 161 under the action of the hot pressure and the lead hole 161 is sealed to form The filling part 151 and the remaining waterproof layer 15 are stably sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16. Compared with the method of glue injection and sealing after lamination, it has the following advantages: 1. The connection part 153 is sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16 to effectively improve the stability of the waterproof layer 15, avoid interface detachment, improve water resistance and effectively fix the guide strip 17. 2. Even if water vapor enters the interior of the solar cell module 1000 through the lead hole 161, since the filling part 151 and the connection part 153 are integrally formed, the path for water vapor to enter the interior of the solar cell module 1000 is effectively extended, and the water resistance is improved. 3. The air and water vapor are removed from the inside to the outside under the action of heat and pressure, which is conducive to reducing the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell module after packaging.

[0056] It can be understood that the connection portion 153 is sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16, which means that the connection portion 153 can directly contact the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16, or other layer structures can be added, for example, Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 As shown, in addition to the connecting portion 153 , a backside encapsulating film 14 is sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16 , and the solar cell 11 , the connecting portion 153 , the backside encapsulating film 14 , and the back sheet 16 are stacked.

[0057] In summary, the solar cell module 1000 provided in the present application adopts a configuration in which the waterproof layer 15 has a filling portion 151 and a connecting portion 153 that are interconnected. The filling portion 151 fills the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161, and the connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16. On the one hand, the waterproof layer 15 is arranged inside the solar cell module 1000, which can not only complete the hole plugging operation during the hot pressing process, but also the connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and stably clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16, which is beneficial to rigidly constrain the waterproof layer 15, so that the connection between the waterproof layer 15 and the back plate 16 and the solar cell 11 is tighter, avoiding the risk of failure of the waterproof layer 15, and further improving the water-oxygen stability of the device. On the other hand, since water vapor is discharged from the inside to the outside during the hot pressing process, it is beneficial to reduce the inevitable residual water vapor in the solar cell module 1000 after packaging, etc., and improve the stability of the connection interface.

[0058] That is, the solar cell assembly 1000 provided in the present application, through the introduction and setting position of the waterproof layer 15, not only improves the waterproof ability at the lead hole 161, but also improves the reliability of the waterproof layer 15, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell assembly 1000.

[0059] Optionally, the filling portion 151 and the connecting portion 153 are integrally formed.

[0060] It can be understood that an insulating layer (not shown) is provided in the area where the guide bar 17 contacts the solar cell 11 and may cause a short circuit, so as to prevent the short circuit.

[0061] The number of the lead holes 161 is one or two.

[0062] When the number of the lead hole 161 is one, the positive electrode guide bar and the negative electrode guide bar are led out through the same lead hole 161 .

[0063] When the number of the lead holes 161 is two, the two lead holes 161 are respectively arranged corresponding to the positive electrode guide bar and the negative electrode guide bar, and the positive electrode guide bar and the negative electrode guide bar are respectively led out from the two corresponding lead holes 161.

[0064] In addition to the above structural improvements, the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 can be further improved by selecting related materials with excellent water-blocking properties.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present application, the water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer 15 is less than 0.1 g / m 2 *d.

[0066] The water vapor transmission rate is a physical quantity that characterizes the water vapor barrier effect of the waterproof layer 15. The film can be tested using a water vapor transmission rate tester according to GB / T 21529-2008 standard.

[0067] The water vapor transmission rate of the waterproof layer 15 is less than 0.1g / m 2 *d, which can effectively improve the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module 1000.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present application, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 15 is 0.01-0.05 g / m 2 *d.

[0069] When the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 15 is within the above range, the waterproof capability of the lead holes of the solar cell module 1000 can be effectively improved, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module 1000.

[0070] For example, the water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer 15 is 0.01 g / m 2 *d, 0.02g / m 2 *d, 0.03g / m 2 *d, 0.04g / m 2 *d, or 0.05g / m 2 Any value in *d or between any two values.

[0071] According to some embodiments of the present application, the waterproof layer 15 is made of at least one of rubber, silicone, a silicone mixture, organic silicone rubber or a rubber mixture.

[0072] The rubber includes but is not limited to polyisobutylene or butyl rubber, and those skilled in the art can select the rubber according to actual needs.

[0073] Rubber mixture refers to a mixture with rubber as the main material but doped with various additives, fillers, etc.

[0074] Silica gel mixture is a mixture with silica gel as the main material, but doped with various additives, fillers, etc.

[0075] The above materials are easy to obtain and have a low water vapor permeability and good water barrier properties.

[0076] In addition to the materials shown above, the waterproof layer 15 can also be made of hybrid materials, as long as the required waterproof level can be achieved, and there is no specific limitation on this.

[0077] It is understandable that the above materials are all existing materials, and the present embodiment does not protect the components of the waterproof layer 15. The above structure only utilizes the characteristics of existing materials to achieve a waterproof effect. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select different materials to achieve corresponding waterproof needs according to different usage requirements.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present application, the waterproof layer 15 is made of butyl rubber.

[0079] Butyl rubber has good durability and good water-proofing properties, which is beneficial for permanently improving the waterproofing ability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000, thereby reducing the impact on the output power of the solar cell module 1000.

[0080] It should be noted that the waterproof layer 15 can be directly sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16 .

[0081] According to some embodiments of the present application, the waterproof layer 15 is bonded between the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16. The bonding arrangement facilitates positioning of the waterproof layer 15 to avoid displacement during lamination, and also helps improve the structural stability between the waterproof layer 15, the solar cell 11 and the back sheet 16, thereby improving water resistance.

[0082] It can be understood that the waterproof layer 15 bonding between the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16 means that the waterproof layer 15 has bonding force, that is, the waterproof layer 15 bonding between the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16 means that: the filling part 151 is bonded to the hole wall of the lead hole 161, and the connecting part 153 is respectively bonded to the solar cell 11 and the back panel 16.

[0083] The waterproof layer 15 with adhesive force may be in the form of an adhesive strip, an adhesive tape, or an adhesive film formed by curing liquid adhesive, and there is no specific limitation on this.

[0084] Exemplarily, the waterproof layer 15 is made of butyl rubber strip, butyl rubber tape or butyl rubber film formed by curing liquid butyl rubber.

[0085] Among them, since the waterproof layer 15 is arranged on the back side of the solar cell 11, the arrangement of the waterproof layer 15 does not affect the absorption of sunlight by the solar cell 11. Therefore, the waterproof layer 15 can cover the entire back side of the solar cell 11, or can be arranged only in a local area corresponding to the lead hole 161, as long as the waterproof layer 15 after lamination has a filling portion 151 that can fill the lead hole 161 and seal the lead hole 161, and a connecting portion 153 that is circumferentially arranged around the filling portion 151 and clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16.

[0086] like Figure 3As shown, according to some embodiments of the present application, the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 is smaller than the area of ​​the back plate 16 .

[0087] That is, the waterproof layer 15 is disposed in a local area corresponding to the lead hole 161 instead of covering the entire back surface of the solar cell 11 .

[0088] The above arrangement can improve the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell assembly 1000 and reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0089] According to some embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 to the area of ​​the back plate 16 is 1:20-1:100.

[0090] Within the above range, the waterproof capability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000 is improved while the manufacturing cost is reduced.

[0091] Exemplarily, the ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 to the area of ​​the back plate 16 is any value of 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90 or 1:100 or between any two values.

[0092] like Figure 4 As shown, according to some embodiments of the present application, a junction box 18 is provided on the side of the back plate 16 facing away from the solar cell 11, the guide bar 17 is electrically connected to the junction box 18, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer 15 on the back plate 16 is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box 18 on the back plate 16. The junction box 18 is used to realize the external electrical device of the solar cell assembly 1000. The junction box 18 has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The positive terminal is used to be electrically connected to the positive guide bar, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to the negative guide bar. The electrical connection method is, for example, welding. The junction box 18 can be connected to the back plate 16 by bonding. In actual use, liquid glue such as silicone gel can be filled in the junction box 18, and a water-blocking filling layer is formed after the liquid glue is completely cured.

[0093] It can be understood that the position of the junction box 18 corresponds to the lead hole 161, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer 15 on the back plate 16 is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box 18 on the back plate 16, which means that the orthographic projection area of ​​the junction box 18 on the back plate 16 is greater than or equal to the orthographic projection area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 on the back plate 16.

[0094] By locating the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer 15 on the back plate 16 within the orthographic projection of the junction box 18 on the back plate 16, on the one hand, the production cost can be reduced on the basis of improving the waterproof ability of the lead hole 161 of the solar cell module 1000, and on the other hand, the waterproof layer 15 can be shielded by the junction box 18 to improve the aesthetics of the solar cell module 1000.

[0095] It should be noted that the back panel 16 and the solar cell 11 may only be provided with the waterproof layer 15. In this case, in order to fill the filling part 151 in the lead hole 161 after lamination and seal the lead hole 161, the thickness of the filling part 151 before lamination may be appropriately thickened.

[0096] In addition to the above settings, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell assembly 1000 further includes a backside encapsulation film 14 located between the back sheet 16 and the solar cell 11; wherein, Figure 1 As shown, the waterproof layer 15 is located between the solar cell 11 and the back packaging film 14, and / or Figure 2 As shown, the waterproof layer 15 is located between the back plate 16 and the back packaging film 14 .

[0097] The back packaging film 14 can provide mechanical buffer protection for the solar cell 11 and provide support force between the waterproof layer 15 and the back panel 16 and the solar cell 11. The back packaging film 14 has adhesive properties and can also improve the connection stability between it and the waterproof layer 15, the solar cell and the back panel 16.

[0098] The back packaging film 14 can be ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU film), polydimethylsiloxane film (PDMS film), polyolefin elastomer film (POE film), ionomer ethylene copolymer film, etc.

[0099] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, the waterproof layer 15 is located between the back plate 16 and the back packaging film 14 .

[0100] The above arrangement is advantageous for the waterproof layer 15 to directly fill the lead hole 161 and seal the lead hole 161 after lamination, thereby effectively blocking water vapor in a timely manner and achieving a better water-blocking effect.

[0101] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell.

[0102] In perovskite solar cells, the light-absorbing layer is mainly composed of perovskite materials. When exposed to sunlight, the perovskite layer first absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs (excitons). Under the action of the pn junction electric field, the excitons are first separated into electrons and holes and transported to the cathode and anode respectively. Photogenerated holes flow to the p region, and photogenerated electrons flow to the n region. When the circuit is connected, current is generated.

[0103] Among them, perovskite solar cells usually include functional layers such as a transparent substrate layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer 113, a second carrier transport layer and an electrode layer 116. Any one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer 112, and the other is an electron transport layer 114. Among them, in the perovskite solar cell, corresponding modification layers can be inserted between layers.

[0104] The transparent conductive substrate includes but is not limited to the following materials: FTO, ITO, AZO, BZO or IZO.

[0105] The chemical formula of the perovskite light absorbing layer 113 satisfies ABX 3 or A 2 CDX 6 , wherein A is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: methylamine (CH3NH 3+ ), carboxamidino (HC(NH2) 2+ ), cesium ion (Cs + ) and rubidium (Rb + ) etc.; B is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: divalent metal ion Pb 2+ and tin Sn2 + At least one of the following; C is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: monovalent metal ion Ag + etc.; D is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, including but not limited to the following materials: trivalent metal ion Bi 3+ etc.; X is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic mixed anion, including but not limited to at least one of the following materials: chloride ion (Cl - ), bromide ion (Br - ), iodide ion (I - )wait.

[0106] Exemplarily, the perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.20-2.30 eV and a thickness of 200-1000 nm.

[0107] The electron transport layer 114 is at least one of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation: [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate (PC 71 BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.

[0108] The hole transport layer 112 is at least one of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation: poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine with triptycene as the core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-anilino)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polythiophene, nickel oxide (NiOx), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (CuO), etc.

[0109] The material of the electrode layer 116 is an organic, inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrid conductive material, including but not limited to at least one of the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0110] For example, Figure 4 As shown, when the solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell, the structure of the perovskite solar cell is: a transparent conductive glass substrate 111, a metal fluoride layer 115, an electron transport layer 114, a perovskite light absorbing layer 113, a hole transport layer 112 and an electrode layer 116 stacked in sequence; or, the structure of the perovskite solar cell is: a transparent conductive glass substrate 111, a hole transport layer 112, a perovskite light absorbing layer 113, an electron transport layer 114, a metal fluoride layer 115 and an electrode layer 116 stacked in sequence, wherein the electrode layer 116 is a metal electrode or a transparent conductive electrode, and corresponding modification layers can be inserted between the layers.

[0111] The material of the metal fluoride layer 115 includes but is not limited to lithium fluoride, and those skilled in the art may select the material according to actual needs.

[0112] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell assembly 1000 includes a transparent panel, and the transparent panel is located on the front side of the solar cell 11 .

[0113] The transparent panel is helpful to further encapsulate the front side of the solar cell 11 to suppress or isolate the intrusion of water vapor.

[0114] It should be noted that when the solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell, the transparent panel can be Figure 4 As shown, it is a transparent substrate layer of the perovskite solar cell itself, and it can also be an additional transparent panel.

[0115] It is understandable that when the transparent panel is not the transparent substrate layer of the perovskite solar cell itself, but an additional transparent panel, the solar cell assembly 1000 may also be provided with a front packaging film (not shown) between the transparent panel and the solar cell 11, and the front packaging film is bonded between the transparent panel and the solar cell 11. At this time, the front packaging film can be used to provide mechanical buffer protection for the solar cell 11, and to improve the stability between the solar cell 11 and the transparent panel.

[0116] The front packaging film can be ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU film), polydimethylsiloxane film (PDMS film), polyolefin elastomer film (POE film), ionomer ethylene copolymer film, etc.

[0117] See also Figure 4 According to some embodiments of the present application, the solar cell assembly 1000 further includes a seal 19 , which surrounds the solar cell 11 . The seal 19 is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and the back plate 16 to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell 11 .

[0118] Through the above arrangement, the solar module is effectively encapsulated to inhibit or isolate water vapor from entering.

[0119] The sealing member 19 is bonded to the four sides of the solar cell 11 . The bonding method can improve the connection stability between the sealing member 19 and other components, and is also helpful to avoid displacement during lamination.

[0120] The water vapor permeability of the sealing member 19 may refer to the waterproof layer 15. The sealing member 19 is made of rubber, silica gel or organic silicon rubber.

[0121] Exemplarily, the sealing member 19 is a butyl rubber strip or tape.

[0122] It should be noted that the solar cell assembly 1000 in the embodiment of the present application may also include components such as a frame, and relevant settings may be made according to specific usage conditions, which will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0123] For example, see Figure 2 , 3 as well as Figure 4 The waterproof layer 15 is located between the back sheet 16 and the back packaging film 14. The preparation method of the solar cell module 1000 includes:

[0124] The solar cell 11 is grown or placed on a transparent panel, an insulating layer (not shown) is set in the area where the solar cell 11 and the guide bar 17 may contact and cause a short circuit, and then the guide bar 17 is welded to the solar cell 11 to achieve electrical connection, and then a sealant 19 is pasted around the solar cell 11, and a space for glue overflow is reserved, and then a back packaging film 14 is laid on the front of the solar cell 11, and the back packaging film 14 is provided with a through hole for the guide bar 17 to extend out, and then a waterproof layer 15 is bonded to the surface of the back packaging film 14 and the lead end 171 of the guide bar 17 extends out of the waterproof layer 15, Next, a backplane 16 having a lead hole 161 is laid on the side of the waterproof layer 15 away from the back packaging film 14, and the lead end 171 extends out of the backplane 16 from the lead hole 161. The backplane 16 is then placed in a laminator for hot pressing, so that the waterproof layer 15 is squeezed by the solar cell 11 and the backplane 16, and part of the waterproof layer 15 is filled in the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161 to form a filling portion 151, and the lead end 171 passes through the filling portion 151 to pass through the lead hole 161, and the remaining part of the waterproof layer 15 is arranged as a connecting portion 153 around the filling portion 151 and is sandwiched between the solar cell 11 and the backplane 16.

[0125] After lamination is completed, the junction box 18 can be bonded to the back plate 16, and the guide bar 17 can be electrically connected to the terminal of the junction box 18 by welding. Finally, a glue gun is used to inject a 1:1 mixed silicone gel into the junction box 18 and wait for the glue to completely cure.

[0126] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application also provides a photovoltaic assembly, which includes a plurality of electrically connected solar cell assemblies as described above.

[0127] Several refers to a number of two or more integers.

[0128] Photovoltaic modules refer to power generation systems that use the photovoltaic effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. They are divided into stand-alone photovoltaic modules (Stand-alone PV System) and grid-connected photovoltaic modules (Grid-connected PV System). Stand-alone photovoltaic modules are composed of solar photovoltaic arrays composed of solar cell modules, battery packs, charge controllers, power electronic converters (inverters), loads, etc. Grid-connected photovoltaic modules are composed of photovoltaic arrays, high-frequency DC / DC boost circuits, power electronic converters (inverters) and system monitoring parts.

[0129] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application also provides an electrical device, which includes the solar cell assembly or photovoltaic assembly provided by the above scheme, and the solar cell assembly and the photovoltaic assembly are used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.

[0130] The electrical device can be in various forms, such as electric cars, ships, spacecraft, solar water heaters, solar energy, etc. The power supply mode of the electrical device can be a single power supply of solar cell modules, or a combination of solar cell modules and energy storage batteries, that is, the electrical device is equipped with solar cell modules and energy storage batteries at the same time. Energy storage batteries are not limited to primary batteries and secondary batteries, such as but not limited to lithium ion secondary batteries, sodium ion secondary batteries, etc.

[0131] Some specific embodiments are listed below to better illustrate the present application.

[0132] In the following examples and comparative examples, the perovskite solar cell was prepared by the following method:

[0133] 1) Select FTO conductive glass with a specification of 30*30cm, ultrasonically clean the etched ITO conductive glass several times with water, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence, blow dry the solvent with a nitrogen gun, and put it into a UV ozone machine for further cleaning to serve as a transparent conductive glass substrate;

[0134] 2) After spin coating 2 mg / mL of PTAA slurry on the ITO conductive glass treated with UV ozone at a rate of 5000 rpm / s, annealing was performed on a hot plate at 100° C. for 10 min to obtain a hole transport layer;

[0135] 3) Spin coating the prepared hole transport layer with a perovskite precursor solution at 1000-5000 rpm / s, annealing at 100°C for 30 min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a perovskite light absorbing layer, wherein the active material of the perovskite light absorbing layer is FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 PbI 3 .

[0136] 4) Place the wafer obtained in step 3) into the vapor deposition machine and wait until the vacuum degree of vapor deposition reaches 5*10 -4 Pa, 1nm metal fluoride lithium fluoride was evaporated on the perovskite light absorption layer at a rate of 0.02A / s, and then a 30nm electron transport layer was evaporated at a rate of 0.05A / s, and finally an 80nm back electrode layer was evaporated at a rate of 0.1A / s to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0137] Example 1

[0138] See also Figure 4 The solar cell assembly 1000 includes a solar cell 11, a back-side encapsulation film 14, a waterproof layer 15 and a back sheet 16 which are stacked in sequence, and a sealing member 19 surrounding the solar cell 11.

[0139] The solar cell 11 is a perovskite solar cell, which includes a transparent conductive glass substrate 111, a hole transport layer 112, a perovskite light absorption layer 113, an electron transport layer 114, a metal fluoride layer 115 and an electrode layer 116 stacked in sequence. The transparent conductive glass substrate 111 of the perovskite solar cell is used as a transparent panel of the solar cell module 1000.

[0140] The sealing member 19 is laminated and bonded to the transparent panel and the back plate 16 to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell 11 , the back packaging film 14 and the waterproof layer 15 .

[0141] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 The solar cell 11 is electrically connected to a current guide bar 17, which has a lead-out terminal 171. Insulating glue (not shown) is provided in the area where the current guide bar 17 contacts the solar cell 11 and may cause a short circuit, so as to prevent the short circuit. The back plate 16 is provided with a lead hole 161 corresponding to the lead-out terminal 171.

[0142] The waterproof layer 15 includes a filling portion 151 and a connecting portion 153 which are connected to each other. The filling portion 151 fills the lead hole 161 and seals the lead hole 161. The connecting portion 153 is arranged around the filling portion 151 and is clamped between the solar cell 11 and the back plate 16. The lead end 171 passes through the filling portion 151 and out of the lead hole 161.

[0143] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the waterproof layer 15 is smaller than the area of ​​the back plate 16 .

[0144] Wherein, the waterproof layer 15 and the sealing member 19 are both butyl tapes.

[0145] Comparative Example 1

[0146] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that no waterproof layer is provided, but butyl glue is injected into the lead hole from the side of the back plate away from the solar cell after lamination, and the lead hole is cured to block the lead hole.

[0147] Test example

[0148] Before the aging test, the solar cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to a Keithley 2400 SMU with AM 1.5 G solar irradiation at 100 mW / cm 2 The device performance test was carried out under a light source of , and there was no obvious difference in performance between the solar cell assembly provided in Comparative Example 1 and the solar cell assembly provided in Example 1.

[0149] The solar cell modules prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were placed in double 85 boxes for aging tests, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell modules was measured.

[0150] The test method for photoelectric conversion efficiency is: at 100mW / cm 2 The battery performance is tested under the light source, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is calculated as follows:

[0151] PCE=Pout / Popt

[0152] =Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp) / (Voc×Jsc)

[0153] =Voc×Jsc×FF. Where Pout, Popt, Vmpp, Jmpp, Voc and Jsc are the battery output power, incident light power, battery maximum power point voltage, battery maximum power point current, open circuit voltage and short circuit current respectively.

[0154] The results showed that the solar cell module prepared in Comparative Example 1 showed obvious degradation at the junction box after about 100 hours of aging test in an 85 box, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency dropped to 23% of the original efficiency. The solar cell module prepared in Example 1 remained black after 700 hours of aging test in an 85 box, with no obvious change, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency was still maintained at more than 98%.

[0155] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: A solar cell is electrically connected to a current guide bar, wherein the current guide bar has a lead-out end; A back plate, located on the back of the solar cell, the back plate being provided with lead holes corresponding to the lead-out terminals; as well as The waterproof layer has a filling part and a connecting part connected to each other, the filling part fills the lead hole and seals the lead hole, the lead end passes through the lead hole through the filling part, and the connecting part is arranged around the filling part and clamped between the solar cell and the back plate.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is less than 0.1g / m 2 *d.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water vapor permeability of the waterproof layer is 0.01-0.05g / m 2 *d.

4. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the waterproof layer is at least one of rubber, silicone, silicone mixture, organic silicon rubber or rubber mixture.

5. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the waterproof layer is butyl rubber.

6. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The waterproof layer is bonded between the solar cell and the back plate.

7. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The area of ​​the waterproof layer is smaller than the area of ​​the back plate.

8. The solar cell assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ratio of the area of ​​the waterproof layer to the area of ​​the back plate is 1:20-1:

100.

9. The solar cell assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: A junction box is provided on a side of the back plate facing away from the solar cell, the guide bar is electrically connected to the junction box, and the orthographic projection of the waterproof layer on the back plate is located within the orthographic projection of the junction box on the back plate.

10. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a back side encapsulation adhesive film located between the back plate and the solar cell; Wherein, the waterproof layer is located between the solar cell and the back-side encapsulation film, and / or the waterproof layer is located between the back plate and the back-side encapsulation film.

11. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

12. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly comprises a transparent panel, and the transparent panel is located on the front side of the solar cell.

13. The solar cell assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a sealing member, which surrounds the circumference of the solar cell and is respectively laminated and bonded with the transparent panel and the back plate to form a sealed space for accommodating the solar cell.

14. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: A solar cell assembly comprising a plurality of electrically connected solar cells as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. An electrical device, characterized in that: It comprises the solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or the photovoltaic assembly according to claim 14, wherein the photovoltaic assembly is used to provide electrical energy to an electrical device.

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