Stepped ecological river channel slope protection device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a stepped ecological river channel slope protection device, and belongs to the technical field of river channel slope protection. The device comprises a grass planting ditch, a filter tank, a reaction tank, an ecological tank and a purification system, wherein the filter tank, the reaction tank and the ecological tank are arranged along the water flow direction and are sequentially communicated; the grass planting ditch is positioned on the water inlet side of the filter tank; the purification system is located in the river channel; the purification system is composed of an efficient ecological floating bed, an aeration device, a floating bed plug flow device and a sample automatic detection and analysis device. The road runoff rainwater non-point source pollution treatment device adopts the combination of the filter tank, the reaction tank, the ecological tank and the purification system to carry out road runoff rainwater non-point source pollution treatment, thoroughly removes pollutants in the first rain runoff and improves the rainwater quality through the multi-stage synergistic effect of filtration adsorption, oxidation reduction and microbial degradation, and reuses the purified rainwater as ecological water supplement of a river channel. The device can restore water self-purification and ecological landscape functions, and has the advantages of low cost, high purification efficiency, simple structure, high applicability, convenience in maintenance, ecological environmental protection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of river channel slope protection, and more specifically to a stepped ecological river channel slope protection device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of urbanization in my country, the area of ​​hardened roads has increased significantly, the nature of surface runoff has changed, and the water cycle between natural ecosystems has also changed. On the one hand, this has led to frequent urban flooding disasters. On the other hand, the initial rainwater runoff pollution directly enters the river, causing the river to gradually lose its original self-purification ability, the concentration of various pollutants increases, the water body is over-polluted, and the water environment capacity is exceeded, resulting in water pollution, water quality deterioration, and black and smelly water bodies. Especially in rainy seasons, black and smelly water bodies seriously affect the image of the city and the lives and physical and mental health of surrounding residents, and restrict economic development. Studies have found that the concentration of suspended particles (SS) in rainwater runoff exceeds 300mg / L, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaches 250mg / L. The pollution of initial rainwater runoff is one of the main reasons for the rebound in the treatment of black and smelly water bodies. Therefore, the ecological treatment of initial rainwater runoff pollution has become a realistic and urgent environmental protection issue.

[0003] At present, the discharge of urban road runoff rainwater mostly adopts the traditional method of "rainwater inlet / overflow well-connecting pipe-municipal rainwater pipe network", by setting up rainwater inlets on the roadside or overflow wells in green belts, collecting rainwater and converging it to the rainwater pipe network for discharge. Since the initial rainwater on the road contains suspended solids, heavy metals, grease, COD, eutrophic plants (N, P), organic matter and humus, etc., the pollution level is relatively high. Direct discharge into natural water bodies such as rivers and lakes will cause serious water environment pollution and waste of water resources. In addition, as an abundant and high-quality freshwater resource, rainwater can be effectively alleviated by recycling and treating it to realize rainwater resource utilization, which can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortage in my country's cities. It can be seen that the traditional rainwater discharge method is difficult to meet the requirements of modern urban stormwater management.

[0004] The existing initial rainwater runoff pollution control usually adopts terminal treatment technology, including activated sludge method, hydrocyclone, rapid filtration tank, coagulation-flocculation, etc. The ability of biological technologies such as activated sludge method to resist water quality and quantity shock load is weak, and it is difficult to cope with the changes in water quality and quantity of overflow pollution on rainy days. Physical methods such as hydrocyclone and rapid filtration have fast treatment speeds and can achieve rapid reduction of pollutants such as SS, insoluble COD, TP, etc., but have almost no removal effect on soluble COD and NH3-N, and the removal effect on soluble pollution is limited. Due to the multi-faceted and scattered pollution points of urban road runoff rainwater and drainage system discharge, the random discharge process, the wide variety of discharged pollutants, and the large fluctuations in water quality and quantity load, conventional point source control measures are difficult to apply and cannot effectively solve the above problems, and pollution control is difficult. At the same time, the treatment equipment occupies a large area, the device is complex, and the construction and operation and maintenance costs are high. Up to now, there is a relative lack of decentralized terminal purification technology for surface source pollution in drainage systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, convenient, and environmentally friendly end-of-pipe purification technology for urban road runoff rainwater surface source pollution, so as to purify, store and utilize the runoff rainwater through natural purification methods. Utility Model Content

[0005] 1. Technical problems to be solved by the utility model

[0006] In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the utility model provides a stepped ecological river slope protection device. The utility model adopts a combination of a filtration pool, a reaction pool, an ecological pool and a purification system to treat surface source pollution of road runoff rainwater. Based on natural means, through the multi-stage synergistic effect of filtration adsorption-oxidation reduction-microbial degradation, the pollutants in the initial rain runoff are completely removed and the rainwater quality is improved. The purified rainwater is reused as river ecological replenishment, which can restore the self-purification and ecological landscape functions of the water body. It has the advantages of low cost, high purification efficiency, simple structure, strong applicability, convenient maintenance, and ecological environmental protection.

[0007] 2. Technical solution

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution provided by the utility model is:

[0009] The utility model discloses a stepped ecological river slope protection device, comprising a grass-planting ditch, a filtering pool, a reaction pool, an ecological pool and a purification system, wherein the filtering pool, the reaction pool and the ecological pool are arranged along the water flow direction and are connected in sequence;

[0010] The grass-planting ditch is located at the water inlet side of the filter tank, and a sewage interception net is provided at the junction of the grass-planting ditch and the filter tank;

[0011] The outlet side of the ecological pool is a river channel, and the purification system is located in the river channel;

[0012] The purification system is composed of a high-efficiency ecological floating bed, an aeration device, a floating bed flow-pushing device and a sample automatic detection and analysis device. The purification system is powered by a solar photovoltaic device and is automatically controlled and operated by a PLC system.

[0013] Furthermore, the filter pool, reaction pool and ecological pool are combined to form a river bank retaining wall, and the pool frames of the filter pool, reaction pool and ecological pool are all fixed on the river bank foundation, the pool bottom elevation is unified, and the pool top elevation decreases step by step;

[0014] The pool frames of the filtration pool, reaction pool and ecological pool are all constructed with gabion mesh to form a cage structure. The cage size is 3m*1m*0.5m, and the mesh size is less than 15mm. Each cage is connected by high-galvanized steel wire and stacked in a stepped shape.

[0015] Furthermore, the grass-planting ditch is directly paved along the outside of the water inlet side of the filter tank and is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the filter tank;

[0016] The cross section of the grass planting ditch is a trapezoid or an arc with a concave bottom. The upper width is 20 to 35 cm and the depth is 20 cm. The upper end surface is higher than the lower end surface, and the lower end surface is flush with the top of the filter tank. The grass planting ditch is planted with erosion-resistant grass.

[0017] Furthermore, the filter pool is filled with filter purification fillers, including pebbles, gravels, ceramsite and modified activated carbon, and the particle size of the fillers decreases from top to bottom;

[0018] The top of the filter pool is 10-15cm higher than the reaction pool, and an impermeable geomembrane is provided at the junction of the filter pool and the reaction pool. An opening is left at the bottom of the impermeable geomembrane 10cm away from the bottom of the filter pool, so that the filtered rainwater can enter the reaction pool.

[0019] Furthermore, the reaction tank is divided into a COD removal layer, an ammonia nitrogen removal layer and a phosphorus removal layer from top to bottom, the thickness of the COD removal layer is 10 to 18 cm, the thickness of the ammonia nitrogen removal layer is 2 to 10 cm, and the thickness of the phosphorus removal layer is 2 to 10 cm;

[0020] An impermeable geomembrane is provided at the junction of the reaction pool and the ecological pool. The impermeable geomembrane is laid from the top of the pool body to the bottom of the pool. An overflow weir is also provided at the top of the junction of the reaction pool and the ecological pool so that the purified rainwater can overflow into the ecological pool.

[0021] Furthermore, the ecological pond is provided with a planting soil layer, a multi-level filling layer and a slow-release oxygen material filling layer in sequence from top to bottom;

[0022] The thickness of the planting soil layer is 10cm to 15cm, and emergent plants are planted;

[0023] The multi-level filling layer includes a ceramsite filling layer, a quartz sand filling layer, a corn cob, and a waste wood block filling layer. The particle size of the ceramsite is 5 to 8 mm, the particle size of the quartz sand is 1 to 2 mm, the particle size of the corn cob and the waste wood block is 3 to 5 mm, and the thickness of each filling layer is 5 to 8 cm.

[0024] The top of the ecological pool is 30 cm higher than the normal water level, and an impermeable geomembrane is provided on the side of the ecological pool adjacent to the river. An opening is left at the bottom of the impermeable geomembrane 10 cm away from the bottom of the ecological pool to allow purified rainwater to enter the river.

[0025] Furthermore, the efficient ecological floating bed comprises a floating bed carrier, a microbial biofilm filler and aquatic plants; the floating bed carrier floats on the water surface, the upper planting trough is used to plant aquatic plants and is located above the water surface, the bottom is hung with a microbial biofilm filler and is located below the water surface, and the microbial biofilm filler is carbon fiber water grass;

[0026] The aeration device includes an aeration fan and an aeration pipe, the aeration pipe is connected to the aeration fan, and the aeration pipe is installed at the bottom of the high-efficiency ecological floating bed to aerate the water body and increase the dissolved oxygen capacity;

[0027] The floating bed flow-pushing device comprises a motor, a rotating shaft and an impeller. The motor is connected to the impeller through the rotating shaft. The rotation of the impeller drives the efficient ecological floating bed to move and controls the moving speed of the efficient ecological floating bed.

[0028] The sample automatic detection and analysis device is fixed to the bottom of the floating bed carrier through a pipe clamp.

[0029] Furthermore, the aquatic plants are a combination of emergent plants and floating-leaf plants. The emergent plants are reeds, cattails, irises, loosestrife, lily of the valley, and cannas, which have strong sewage purification capabilities; and the floating-leaf plants are duckweed and pennywort.

[0030] Furthermore, an overflow well is provided in the grass-planting ditch, the overflow well is located in the center of the grass-planting ditch, a water outlet is provided on the side wall of the overflow well, and the water outlet is connected to the grass-planting ditch;

[0031] There is a rainwater outlet on the side of the ecological river road, and a sewage interception net is installed at the end of the rainwater outlet. The bottom of the rainwater outlet is connected to the overflow well through a drainage pipe.

[0032] 3. Beneficial effects

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) Aiming at the pollution problem of initial rain runoff, the utility model adopts a sponge facility composed of a filter tank, a reaction tank and an ecological tank to construct a multi-level stepped composite river slope retaining wall, and constructs and restores the water body ecosystem based on the design process of multi-layer fillers, multi-level purification, and plant-microorganism deep purification. The filter tank is filled with purification fillers to absorb pollutants such as grease and heavy metals, the reaction tank is filled with functional materials to degrade pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and the ecological tank is filled with slow-release materials to provide nutrients for the subsequent purification system. In addition, the process effectively prolongs the residence time of rainwater in the river slope protection, making it easier for fillers, plants and microorganisms to absorb and degrade pollutants in the initial runoff rainwater, improving the pollution interception effect and purification function, and the naturally purified rainwater can be directly used for river ecological water replenishment. The purification system continuously accelerates the degradation of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, etc. through the synergistic effect of aeration and reoxygenation, aquatic plants and microbial strains, thereby deeply purifying the water quality, increasing the environmental capacity, and realizing the self-purification of the water body and ecological landscape functions.

[0035] (2) The utility model adopts a stepped river slope protection. The initial rainwater flows in the slope by means of a baffle, forming an aerobic and anaerobic area, which is conducive to the adsorption and degradation of pollutants by fillers, plants and microorganisms, and enhancing the purification effect. The purified rainwater enters the ecological pool through the overflow weir, realizing waterfall aeration, effectively solving the problem of oxygen deficiency in the ecological pool. The water flows into the river from the bottom of the ecological pool, disturbing the stagnant water and replenishing the dissolved oxygen in the water, which can effectively alleviate the dead water phenomenon at the bottom of the river.

[0036] (3) The utility model adopts a centralized method to purify rainwater runoff in situ through plants, filter materials and biological systems, which can achieve multi-level depth control and reduce surface source pollutants in rainwater runoff, ensure stable and efficient purification effects, give full play to the absorption, infiltration, slow release and purification functions of various ecosystems on rainwater, improve the water environment, and significantly improve the utilization rate of rainwater resources.

[0037] (4) The utility model of composite river ecological slope protection fully utilizes the slope protection space, does not affect the water flow and flood discharge function of the river, and the in-situ filtration, purification and initial rain runoff pollution control effects are not affected by the erosion of river water flow during the rainy season.

[0038] (5) Based on ecological slope protection, the utility model directs the purified road rainwater to the river for ecological water replenishment, and is matched with landscape design to achieve the organic integration of function and environment, and create a livable, smart and resilient city. The utility model has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, convenient replacement of fillers, strong applicability, high purification efficiency, economical and beautiful appearance, ecological environmental protection, green energy saving, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the ecological river slope protection device of the utility model;

[0040] Figure 2It is a cross-sectional view of the ecological river slope protection device of the utility model;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the overflow weir of the utility model;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of a device for road rainwater outlet drainage of the utility model.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Grass-planted ditch; 11. Sewage interception net; 12. Overflow well; 2. Filter tank; 21. Gabion net; 22. Anti-seepage geomembrane; 3. Reaction tank; 301. COD removal layer; 302. Ammonia nitrogen removal layer; 303. Phosphorus removal layer; 31. Overflow weir; 4. Ecological pool; 401. Planting soil layer; 402. Multi-stage filling layer; 403. Slow-release oxygen material filling layer; 5. Purification system; 51. High-efficiency ecological floating bed; 511. Floating bed carrier; 512. Microbial biofilm filler; 52. Aeration device; 521. Aeration fan; 522. Aeration pipe; 53. Floating bed flow device; 531. Motor; 532. Rotating shaft; 533. Impeller; 54. Sample automatic detection and analysis device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0045] Example 1

[0046] from Figure 1-3 It can be seen that a stepped ecological river slope protection device of this embodiment includes a grass-planting ditch 1, a filter pool 2, a reaction pool 3, an ecological pool 4 and a purification system 5, wherein the filter pool 2, the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4 are arranged along the water flow direction and are connected in sequence;

[0047] The grass-planted ditch 1 is located at the water inlet side of the filter pool 2. A sewage interception net 11 is provided at the junction of the grass-planted ditch 1 and the filter pool 2 to intercept branches, debris, etc. The grass-planted ditch 1 is also used to receive and transfer rainwater from roads and slopes to the filter pool 2.

[0048] The filter tank 2 is filled with purification filter material to filter and absorb suspended matter in the initial rainwater, and the pre-treated rainwater enters the reaction tank 3;

[0049] The reaction pool 3 is filled with functional materials for degrading pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and the treated rainwater overflows into the ecological pool 4;

[0050] The ecological pond 4 is filled with slow-release materials to absorb pollutants and provide nutrients for the purification system 5;

[0051] The outlet side of the ecological pool 4 is a river channel, and the purification system 5 is located in the river channel; it is used to deeply purify water quality, increase environmental capacity, and restore the self-purification capacity of the water body;

[0052] The purification system 5 is composed of a high-efficiency ecological floating bed 51, an aeration device 52, a floating bed flow-pushing device 53 and a sample automatic detection and analysis device 54. The purification system 5 is powered by a solar photovoltaic device and is automatically controlled and operated by a PLC system.

[0053] The filter pool 2, the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4 are combined to form a river bank retaining wall. The pool frames of the filter pool 2, the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4 are all fixed on the river bank foundation. The pool bottom elevation is unified, and the pool top elevation decreases step by step.

[0054] The pool frames of the filtration pool 2, the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4 are all constructed with gabion mesh 21 to form a cage structure. The cage size is 3m*1m*0.5m, the mesh size is less than 15mm, and each cage is connected by high galvanized steel wire and stacked in a stepped shape.

[0055] The grass-planting ditch 1 is directly paved outside the water inlet side of the filter tank 2 and is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the filter tank 2;

[0056] The cross section of the grass-planting ditch 1 is a trapezoid or an arc with a concave bottom. The upper width is 20 to 35 cm and the depth is 20 cm. The upper end surface is higher than the lower end surface, and the lower end surface is flush with the top of the filter tank 2. The grass-planting ditch 1 is planted with erosion-resistant grass.

[0057] The filter pool 2 is filled with filter purification fillers, including pebbles, gravel, ceramsite and modified activated carbon, and the particle size of the fillers decreases from top to bottom;

[0058] The pebble particle size is 20-40mm and the thickness is 3-5cm. It is used to buffer and reduce the kinetic energy of rainwater and protect the lower filter material.

[0059] Gravel particle size is 10-30 mm, thickness is 6-10 cm;

[0060] The particle size of ceramsite is 5-8mm and the thickness is 6-10cm;

[0061] Modified activated carbon is made by mixing sodium montmorillonite bentonite and biochar and then pyrolyzing them into spherical particles with a particle size of 2 to 6 mm. Granular activated carbon is filled in the reaction bag to prevent water flow from impacting and losing. The reaction bag is made of permeable geotextile. The material can be filled on the ground first and then sealed, and then placed layer by layer on the bottom of the pool to complete the loading of the filler.

[0062] The top of the filter tank 2 is higher than the reaction tank 3 by 10 to 15 cm, and an impermeable geomembrane 22 is provided at the junction of the filter tank 2 and the reaction tank 3 . An opening is left at the bottom of the impermeable geomembrane 22 10 cm away from the bottom of the filter tank 2 , so that the filtered rainwater can enter the reaction tank 3 .

[0063] The reaction pool 3 is filled with multifunctional nanoparticles with a particle size of 3 to 6 mm; the reaction pool 3 is divided into a COD removal layer 301, an ammonia nitrogen removal layer 302 and a phosphorus removal layer 303 from top to bottom, the thickness of the COD removal layer 301 is 10 to 18 cm, the thickness of the ammonia nitrogen removal layer 302 is 2 to 10 cm, and the thickness of the phosphorus removal layer 303 is 2 to 10 cm; it is used to remove pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus that are difficult to degrade; the multifunctional nanoparticles can be obtained through existing technologies, such as nanoceramics or porous materials, which can be filled in the reaction bag to prevent water flow impact and loss. The multifunctional nanoparticles can absorb a large amount of pollution factors such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, heavy metals, total phosphorus, etc., and attach high-concentration and high-activity microbial populations, effectively improving the pollutant removal effect of the system.

[0064] An impermeable geomembrane 22 is provided at the junction of the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4. The impermeable geomembrane 22 is laid from the top of the pool body to the bottom of the pool. An overflow weir 31 is also provided at the top of the junction of the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4 so that the purified rainwater can overflow into the ecological pool 4.

[0065] The ecological pool 4 is provided with a planting soil layer 401, a multi-level filling layer 402 and a slow-release oxygen material filling layer 403 in sequence from top to bottom;

[0066] The planting soil layer 401 has a thickness of 10 cm to 15 cm and is used to plant emergent plants;

[0067] The multi-level filling layer 402 includes a ceramsite filling layer, a quartz sand filling layer, a corn cob, and a waste wood block filling layer. The particle size of the ceramsite is 5 to 8 mm, the particle size of the quartz sand is 1 to 2 mm, the particle size of the corn cob and the waste wood block is 3 to 5 mm, and the thickness of each filling layer is 5 to 8 cm.

[0068] The slow-release oxygen material filling layer 403 includes 10-20% by mass of nano calcium peroxide or magnesium peroxide, 15-25% of sodium montmorillonite bentonite, 40% of zeolite, 1-3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10-15% of polylactic acid, and the zeolite particle size is 2-5 mm;

[0069] Expanded clay absorbs pollutants in the water, corn cob composite particles provide biomass carbon source, nanoperoxide reacts with water to release oxygen, sodium-based spray soil is used as a filler, zeolite is used as a filler skeleton, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used to adjust the pH of the water environment, and polylactic acid is used as a coating material to reduce the contact area between peroxide and water and control the oxygen release rate.

[0070] The top of the ecological pool 4 is 30 cm higher than the normal water level, and an anti-seepage geomembrane 22 is provided on the side of the ecological pool 4 adjacent to the river. An opening is left at the bottom of the anti-seepage geomembrane 22 10 cm away from the bottom of the ecological pool 4, so that the purified rainwater can enter the river.

[0071] The high-efficiency ecological floating bed 51 includes a floating bed carrier 511, a microbial biofilm filler 512 and aquatic plants; the floating bed carrier 511 is composed of a plurality of floating plates connected by ropes to form an integral floating bed floating on the water surface, the upper planting trough is used to plant aquatic plants and is located above the water surface, the bottom is hung with a microbial biofilm filler 512 and is located below the water surface, and the microbial biofilm filler 512 is carbon fiber water grass; the length of the carbon fiber grass is 20 to 30 cm, and the distance between two adjacent carbon fiber grasses is 20 to 30 cm. A heavy object is hung at the bottom of the water grass to keep the water grass vertically stretched and can swing appropriately within a certain range in the water, thereby enhancing the probability of microbial attachment and the aggregation of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter in the water body, and improving the ability of aquatic plants to absorb and degrade COD, nitrogen and phosphorus;

[0072] The aeration device 52 includes an aeration fan 521 and an aeration pipe 522. The aeration pipe 522 is connected to the aeration fan 521 and installed at the bottom of the high-efficiency ecological floating bed 51 to aerate the water body and increase the dissolved oxygen capacity. The aeration pipe 522 has a diameter of 5 to 10 cm and is provided with aeration holes with a hole diameter of 0.2 to 0.5 mm.

[0073] The floating bed flow-pushing device 53 includes a motor 531, a rotating shaft 532 and an impeller 533. The motor is powered by a solar photovoltaic device. The motor 531 is connected to the impeller 533 through the rotating shaft 532. The impeller 533 rotates to push the efficient ecological floating bed 51 to move and control the moving speed of the efficient ecological floating bed 51.

[0074] The sample automatic detection and analysis device 54 is fixed to the bottom of the floating bed carrier 511 through a pipe clamp, and obtains water samples through sensors and detectors to analyze various indicators of the water body, including temperature sensors, turbidity sensors, conductivity sensors, microbial sensors, COD sensors, NH 3 -N sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor and water flow rate sensor, the sample automatic detection and analysis device 54 is connected to the PLC system through an A / D converter, and water samples are obtained through various sensors and detectors to analyze various indicators of the water body. The water quality analysis data is transmitted to the PLC control system. The PLC system automatically controls the moving speed and direction of the ecological floating bed 51 according to the water quality conditions to achieve the deep purification function of the fixed-point water body.

[0075] The aquatic plants are a combination of emergent plants and floating-leaf plants. The emergent plants include reeds, cattails, irises, loosestrife, lily of the valley, and canna, which are plants with strong sewage purification capabilities; the floating-leaf plants include duckweed and pennywort.

[0076] Rainwater in the early and middle stages of the road is collected in the grass-planting ditch. Leaves, garbage, suspended matter and other debris in the rainwater are intercepted by the sewage interception net 11. The pre-treated rainwater enters the filter pool 2 and infiltrates from top to bottom through the purification filler in the filter pool 2. The filler absorbs pollutants such as grease and heavy metals. The water body and residual pollutants after primary treatment enter the reaction pool 3 through the bottom opening. COD and nitrogen and phosphorus functional materials continue to degrade pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The treated water body enters the ecological pool 4 through the overflow weir. Plants and fillers continue to degrade nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, etc. At the same time, corn cob composite particles and slow-release oxygen materials provide carbon sources, dissolved oxygen and other nutrients for microorganisms and purification system 5. The purified water body enters the river through the bottom opening of the pool body as ecological water replenishment, and the purification system further removes pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus that are difficult to degrade. Indigenous microorganisms are artificially added to the river. After the carbon fiber water grass is covered with film, the microorganisms continue to degrade nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, etc., to achieve self-purification of the water body, increase environmental capacity, and restore the self-purification capacity and landscape function of the water body.

[0077] A method for a stepped ecological river channel slope protection device, wherein a filter pool 2, a reaction pool 3, and an ecological pool 4 are arranged along the water flow direction and are sequentially connected; the filter pool 2, the reaction pool 3, and the ecological pool 4 are combined to form a river channel bank retaining wall, the bottom elevations of the three groups of pools are unified, and the top elevations of the pools are gradually reduced in a stepped shape;

[0078] The grass-planting ditch 1 is located at the water inlet side of the filter pool 2 and is arranged along the longitudinal length of the filter pool 2, and is used to receive and transfer rainwater from roads and slopes to the filter pool 2;

[0079] At the junction of the grass-planting ditch 1 and the filter pool 2, a sewage interception net 11 is provided inside the grass-planting ditch 1 to intercept branches and debris;

[0080] The filter tank 2 is filled with purification filter materials, including pebbles, gravel, ceramsite and modified activated carbon, which are used to filter and adsorb suspended matter in the initial rainwater. The pre-treated rainwater enters the reaction tank 3;

[0081] The reaction pool 3 is filled with functional materials, including COD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus removal layers, for degrading pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. An overflow weir 31 is also provided at the top of the junction between the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4, and the treated rainwater overflows into the ecological pool 4;

[0082] The ecological pool 4 is filled with slow-release materials to absorb pollutants and provide nutrients such as biomass carbon sources and dissolved oxygen to the purification system 5; the purified rainwater enters the river;

[0083] The purification system 5 is located in the river channel and is used to deeply purify the water quality, increase the environmental capacity, and restore the self-purification ability of the water body. The purification system 5 is powered by a solar photovoltaic device and is automatically controlled and operated by a PLC system;

[0084] The purification system 5 includes a high-efficiency ecological floating bed 51, an aeration device 52, a floating bed flow-pushing device 53 and a sample automatic detection and analysis device 54;

[0085] The high-efficiency ecological floating bed 51 includes a floating bed carrier 511, a microbial biofilm filler 512 and aquatic plants; the floating bed carrier 511 floats on the water surface, the upper planting trough is used to plant aquatic plants and is located above the water surface, and the microbial biofilm filler 512 is suspended at the bottom and is located below the water surface, and the microbial biofilm filler 512 is carbon fiber water grass;

[0086] By adding indigenous microorganisms to the river, the microorganisms continue to degrade nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter after the carbon fiber water grass is covered with biofilm, thus achieving self-purification of the water body.

[0087] The aeration device 52 is used to aerate the water body to provide dissolved oxygen for the microorganisms;

[0088] The floating bed flow-pushing device 53 is used to push the efficient ecological floating bed 51 to move and control the moving speed of the efficient ecological floating bed 51;

[0089] The automatic sample detection and analysis device 54 obtains water samples through various sensors and detectors, and analyzes various indicators of the water body. The water quality analysis data is transmitted to the PLC control system. The PLC system automatically controls the movement speed and direction of the ecological floating bed according to the water quality conditions, further deeply purifies the water quality, increases the river environment capacity, and restores the water body's self-purification function and landscape.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] from Figure 4 It can be seen that the stepped ecological river slope protection device of the present embodiment is suitable for the road rainwater outlet drainage type, and can be matched with landscape design to achieve an organic combination of function and environment, including a grass-planted ditch 1, a filter pool 2, a reaction pool 3, an ecological pool 4 and a purification system 5, wherein the filter pool 2, the reaction pool 3 and the ecological pool 4 are arranged along the water flow direction and are connected in sequence;

[0092] The vertical road curbstones are equipped with horizontal through holes to connect the road surface with the bank slope. The size of the holes is 30cm*10cm, and the spacing is 5m.

[0093] A rainwater inlet is provided on the side of the ecological river road, a sewage interception net 11 is provided at the port of the rainwater inlet, and the bottom of the rainwater inlet is connected to the overflow well 12 through a drainage pipe;

[0094] An overflow well 12 is also provided in the grass-planting ditch 1. The overflow well 12 is located in the center of the grass-planting ditch 1. A water outlet is provided on the side wall of the overflow well 12. The water outlet is connected to the grass-planting ditch 1.

[0095] Surface runoff rainwater is collected through the road, part of the rainwater enters the bank slope through the opening of the curbstone and is collected into the grass-planting ditch 1, part of the rainwater is collected through the rainwater outlet and enters the overflow well 12 through the drainage pipe, and the rainwater after precipitation enters the grass-planting ditch 1 through the outlet, and the grass-planting ditch 1 transfers the rainwater to the filter pool 2, and the upper part of the filter pool 2 and the reaction pool 3 can be filled with planting soil with a thickness of 10cm to 15cm, and emergent plants are planted;

[0096] The overflow wells 12 are spaced less than 35m apart and are composed of a sludge well, a well body and a well cover from bottom to top. The well cover protrudes from the ground and is sealed on the top of the well wall in an inverted bowl shape. A water outlet is opened on the side wall. The silt and large particle pollutants in the initial rainwater settle at the bottom of the sludge well, effectively intercepting debris and silt in the rainwater and reducing the impact of suspended matter on the filter pool. Garbage, debris and silt only need to be cleaned regularly.

[0097] The utility model adopts a combination of a filter pool 2, a reaction pool 3, an ecological pool 4 and a purification system 5 to treat surface source pollution of road runoff rainwater. Based on natural means, through the multi-stage synergistic effect of filtration adsorption-oxidation reduction-microbial degradation, the pollutants in the initial rain runoff are completely removed and the rainwater quality is improved. The purified rainwater is reused as ecological water replenishment for the river, which can restore the self-purification and ecological landscape functions of the water body. It has the advantages of low cost, high purification efficiency, simple structure, strong applicability, convenient maintenance, and ecological environmental protection.

[0098] This application conducts multi-stage enhanced treatment of initial rainwater runoff pollution based on the synergistic mechanism of filtration adsorption-oxidation reduction-biodegradation. It fundamentally improves the water quality of initial rainwater, restores the self-purification and ecological landscape functions of the water body, and ensures that the water quality meets the standards. It has the advantages of low cost, efficient purification, simple structure, strong applicability, and ecological environmental protection.

[0099] The above schematically describes the present invention and its implementation methods, which are not restrictive. The drawings show only one implementation method of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if ordinary technicians in this field are inspired by it and design structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stepped ecological river slope protection device, comprising a grass-planting ditch (1), a filtering pool (2), a reaction pool (3), an ecological pool (4) and a purification system (5), characterized in that: The filtering pool (2), the reaction pool (3), and the ecological pool (4) are arranged along the water flow direction and are connected in sequence; The grass-planting ditch (1) is located at the water inlet side of the filter pool (2), and a sewage interception net (11) is provided at the junction of the grass-planting ditch (1) and the filter pool (2); The water outlet side of the ecological pond (4) is a river channel, and the purification system (5) is located in the river channel; The purification system (5) is composed of a high-efficiency ecological floating bed (51), an aeration device (52), a floating bed flow-pushing device (53) and a sample automatic detection and analysis device (54). The purification system (5) is powered by a solar photovoltaic device and is automatically controlled and operated by a PLC system.

2. A stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering pool (2), the reaction pool (3) and the ecological pool (4) are combined to form a river bank retaining wall. The pool frames of the filtering pool (2), the reaction pool (3) and the ecological pool (4) are all fixed on the river bank foundation. The pool bottom elevation is uniform and the pool top elevation decreases step by step. The pool frames of the filtration pool (2), the reaction pool (3) and the ecological pool (4) are all constructed with gabion nets (21) to form a cage-type structure, the cage size is 3m*1m*0.5m, the mesh size is less than 15mm, and each cage is connected by high-galvanized steel wire and stacked in a stepped shape.

3. The stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The grass-planting ditch (1) is directly paved along the outside of the water inlet side of the filter pool (2) and is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the filter pool (2); The grass-planting ditch (1) has a trapezoidal cross section or an arc-shaped ditch bottom with a concave shape, an upper width of 20 to 35 cm, a depth of 20 cm, an upper end surface higher than a lower end surface, and a lower end surface flush with the top of the filter tank (2). The grass-planting ditch (1) is planted with erosion-resistant grass.

4. The stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filter pool (2) is filled with filtering and purifying fillers, including pebbles, gravels, ceramsite and modified activated carbon, and the particle size of the fillers decreases from top to bottom; The top of the filtering pool (2) is 10 to 15 cm higher than the reaction pool (3), and an impermeable geomembrane (22) is provided at the junction of the filtering pool (2) and the reaction pool (3). An opening is left at the bottom of the impermeable geomembrane (22) 10 cm away from the bottom of the filtering pool (2), so that the filtered rainwater can enter the reaction pool (3).

5. The stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The reaction pool (3) is divided into a COD removal layer (301), an ammonia nitrogen removal layer (302) and a phosphorus removal layer (303) from top to bottom, the COD removal layer (301) has a thickness of 10 to 18 cm, the ammonia nitrogen removal layer (302) has a thickness of 2 to 10 cm, and the phosphorus removal layer (303) has a thickness of 2 to 10 cm; An impermeable geomembrane (22) is provided at the junction of the reaction pool (3) and the ecological pool (4), and the impermeable geomembrane (22) is laid from the top of the pool body to the bottom of the pool. An overflow weir (31) is also provided at the top of the junction of the reaction pool (3) and the ecological pool (4) so ​​that the purified rainwater can overflow into the ecological pool (4).

6. The stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ecological pond (4) is provided with a planting soil layer (401), a multi-level filling layer (402) and a slow-release oxygen material filling layer (403) in sequence from top to bottom; The planting soil layer (401) has a thickness of 10 cm to 15 cm and is used to plant emergent plants; The multi-level filling layer (402) includes a ceramsite filling layer, a quartz sand filling layer, a corn cob, and a waste wood block filling layer. The ceramsite particle size is 5 to 8 mm, the quartz sand particle size is 1 to 2 mm, the corn cob and the waste wood block particle size is 3 to 5 mm, and each filling layer is 5 to 8 cm thick. The top of the ecological pond (4) is 30 cm above the normal water level, and an impermeable geomembrane (22) is provided on the side of the ecological pond (4) adjacent to the river channel. An opening is left at the bottom of the impermeable geomembrane (22) 10 cm away from the bottom of the ecological pond (4) to allow purified rainwater to enter the river channel.

7. The stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The high-efficiency ecological floating bed (51) comprises a floating bed carrier (511), a microbial biofilm filler (512) and aquatic plants; the floating bed carrier (511) floats on the water surface, the upper planting trough is used to plant aquatic plants and is located above the water surface, the bottom is hung with a microbial biofilm filler (512) and is located below the water surface, and the microbial biofilm filler (512) is carbon fiber water grass; The aeration device (52) comprises an aeration fan (521) and an aeration pipe (522), wherein the aeration pipe (522) is connected to the aeration fan (521), and the aeration pipe (522) is installed at the bottom of the high-efficiency ecological floating bed (51) to aerate the water body and increase the dissolved oxygen capacity; The floating bed flow-pushing device (53) comprises a motor (531), a rotating shaft (532) and an impeller (533); the motor (531) is connected to the impeller (533) via the rotating shaft (532); the impeller (533) rotates to push the efficient ecological floating bed (51) to move, and controls the moving speed of the efficient ecological floating bed (51); The automatic sample detection and analysis device (54) is fixed to the bottom of the floating bed carrier (511) via a pipe clamp.

8. The stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 7 is characterized by: The aquatic plants are a combination of emergent plants and floating leaf plants. The emergent plants are reeds, cattails, irises, loosestrife, lily of the valley and canna, which have strong sewage purification capabilities; the floating leaf plants are hornwort and pennywort.

9. The stepped ecological river slope protection device according to claim 1 is characterized by: An overflow well (12) is also provided in the grass-planting ditch (1), the overflow well (12) is located in the center of the grass-planting ditch (1), a water outlet is provided on the side wall of the overflow well (12), and the water outlet is connected to the grass-planting ditch (1); A rainwater inlet is arranged on the side of the ecological river road, a sewage interception net (11) is arranged at the end of the rainwater inlet, and the bottom of the rainwater inlet is connected to an overflow well (12) through a drainage pipe.

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