Stator, motor and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a stator, a motor and a vehicle, the stator comprises a stator iron core, the stator iron core is provided with a stator groove, and the width of the stator groove gradually changes along the radial direction of the stator iron core; and the stator coil comprises a rod part, the rod part is arranged in the stator groove, and the width of the cross section of at least one part of the rod part is gradually changed along the radial direction of the stator core so as to be matched with the stator groove. Therefore, by arranging the stator, the radial sectional area of the stator slots can be effectively increased on the basis of ensuring the magnetic conductivity of the stator, and the stator coils with different widths are matched with the sizes of the stator slots along the radial direction, so that the current density of the motor can be reduced, and the power density of the motor can be improved; therefore, the motor heating risk is reduced and the motor efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a stator, a motor and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of electric vehicles has driven the development of motors. The motors of electric vehicles need to have fast response, high reliability, high efficiency, high power density, low noise and low cost.

[0003] In the related art, the structure of the flat wire motor stator includes a stator core with stator slots, stator slot insulation arranged in the stator slots, and stator windings. The stator winding of the motor uses Litz wire or a flat wire formed by stacking several layers of flat copper wires; the stator slot is a rectangular slot suitable for flat wire windings; a composite magnetic slot wedge is inserted into the slot opening of the stator core, and the composite magnetic slot wedge is compositely processed by the outer magnetic conductive layer and the inner magnetic isolation layer, and the cross-section of the composite magnetic slot wedge is trapezoidal; each branch of the stator winding is led out of the stator slot and connected by cold pressing of the terminal, and a balancing resistor is connected between the terminals. This form of flat wire motor uses Litz wire as the stator winding, which reduces the increase in AC loss caused by the skin effect and the proximity effect. However, the stator core still uses the traditional flat wire motor stator structure with rectangular slots and trapezoidal teeth, which will have certain limitations in power density. The magnetic cross section of the trapezoidal teeth varies along the radial direction of the motor. The magnetic conductivity is limited by the minimum cross section. The magnetic flux passing through other cross sections is the same as the magnetic flux passing through the minimum cross section. Therefore, there is a certain amount of space waste in the trapezoidal teeth on some length sections. At the same time, the trapezoidal teeth will also occupy a certain amount of slot space, resulting in further compression of the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor in the slot, increasing the resistance of the winding, increasing the current density of the motor, and reducing the power density. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one purpose of the utility model is to provide a stator, which can effectively increase the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the stator slot on the basis of ensuring the magnetic conductivity of the stator, and by matching the stator coils of different widths with the size of the stator slot in the radial direction, the current density of the motor can be reduced and the power density of the motor can be improved.

[0005] The utility model further provides a motor.

[0006] The utility model further provides a vehicle.

[0007] The stator according to the first aspect of the utility model includes: a stator core, the stator core is formed with stator slots, the width of the stator slots varies radially along the stator core; a stator coil, the stator coil includes a rod portion, the rod portion is arranged in the stator slots, and the width of the cross-section of at least a part of the rod portion varies radially along the stator core to cooperate with the stator slots.

[0008] Therefore, by setting up the stator, it is possible to effectively increase the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the stator slot while ensuring the magnetic conductivity of the stator, and by matching the stator coils of different widths with the size of the stator slot in the radial direction, the current density of the motor can be reduced and the power density of the motor can be increased, thereby reducing the risk of motor heating and improving the efficiency of the motor.

[0009] In some examples of the present invention, the width of the stator slot decreases from the radial outer side to the radial inner side of the stator core, and the width of the cross section of at least a portion of the rod portion decreases from the radial outer side to the radial inner side of the stator core.

[0010] In some examples of the present invention, there are multiple stator slots, and the multiple stator slots are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the stator core. The stator core is provided with a tooth portion between two adjacent stator slots, and the width of the tooth portion is equal along the radial direction of the stator core.

[0011] In some examples of the present invention, the slot bottom of the stator slot away from the center of the stator core is configured as a plane or an arc surface.

[0012] In some examples of the present invention, the width of the cross section at the midpoint of the length direction of the rod portion gradually changes along the radial direction of the stator core.

[0013] In some examples of the present invention, the cross section of the rod portion at the end portion in the length direction is rectangular.

[0014] In some examples of the present invention, the rod portion includes a plurality of enameled wires, and the plurality of enameled wires are twisted together; or the rod portion is a copper rod.

[0015] In some examples of the present invention, the stator coil includes: a head portion connected between the two rod portions; and a leg portion connected to an end of the rod portion away from the head portion.

[0016] In some examples of the present invention, the cross-section of the head is rectangular or circular; and / or the cross-section of the leg is rectangular or circular.

[0017] In some examples of the present invention, the outer peripheries of the rod and the legs are covered with an insulating layer.

[0018] In some examples of the present invention, the rod portion is connected to the leg portion by welding; or the rod portion and the leg portion are integrally formed.

[0019] In some examples of the present invention, there are multiple stator coils, and the stator further includes: a connecting ring, which includes multiple connecting rods distributed circumferentially and radially along the stator, each connecting rod is connected between two stator coils to form multiple groups of stator windings.

[0020] In some examples of the present invention, the connecting rod includes: a first rod segment, the first rod segment is constructed as an arc extending along the circumference of the stator and one end of which is connected to one of the stator coils; a second rod segment, the second rod segment is constructed as an arc extending along the circumference of the stator and is connected between the other end of the first rod segment and another stator coil, and the radius of the circle corresponding to the first rod segment is smaller than the radius of the circle corresponding to the second rod segment; wherein the first rod segments and the second rod segments of the plurality of connecting rods distributed in the radial direction of the stator are staggered.

[0021] The motor according to the second aspect of the utility model includes: the above-mentioned stator.

[0022] A vehicle according to a third aspect of the utility model comprises: the above-mentioned motor.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the following description, or will be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 is a top view of a stator core according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified image of area A;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator slot according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a stator slot according to another embodiment of the utility model.

[0030] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator coil according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Cross-section view in the AA direction;

[0032] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Cross-section along the middle BB direction;

[0033] Fig. 9 yes Figure 6 Cross-sectional view in the mid-CC direction;

[0034] Fig.10 yes Figure 6 Cross-section in the middle DD direction;

[0035] Fig.11 yes Figure 6 Cross-section in the EE direction;

[0036] Fig.12 is another structural schematic diagram of a stator coil according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0037] Fig.13 is a structural schematic diagram of a stator coil according to another embodiment of the utility model;

[0038] Fig.14 yes Fig.13 Sectional view along the A1-A1 direction;

[0039] Fig.15 yes Fig.13 Sectional view along the B1-B1 direction;

[0040] Fig.16 yes Fig.13 Cross-section along the C1-C1 direction;

[0041] Fig.17 yes Fig.13 Cross-section along the D1-D1 direction;

[0042] Fig.18 yes Fig.13 Sectional view along the E1-E1 direction;

[0043] Fig.19 yes Fig.13 Cross-section view in the FF direction;

[0044] Fig. 20 is another structural schematic diagram of a stator coil according to another embodiment of the utility model;

[0045] Fig.21It is a structural schematic diagram of a single-phase winding according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0046] Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a connecting ring according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0047] Fig.23 It is a top view of a connecting ring according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0048] Reference numerals:

[0049] 100. stator;

[0050] 1. stator core; 11. stator slot; 12. tooth;

[0051] 2. stator coil; 21. rod; 22. head; 23. leg;

[0052] 3. Connecting ring; 31. Connecting rod; 311. First rod section; 312. Second rod section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary.

[0054] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 23 The stator 100 according to the embodiment of the utility model is described. It can effectively increase the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the stator slot 11 on the basis of ensuring the magnetic conductivity of the stator 100, and by matching the stator coils 2 of different widths with the size of the stator slot 11 in the radial direction, the current density of the motor can be reduced and the power density of the motor can be improved.

[0055] Combination Figure 1-Figure 23As shown, the stator 100 according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the utility model includes a stator core 1 and a stator coil 2. Among them, the stator core 1 is an important component constituting the magnetic circuit of the motor or generator, and is usually formed by stacking many thin and magnetically conductive silicon steel sheets. These silicon steel sheets are punched to form fan-shaped sheets with slots, and then tightly stacked and fixed with a clamping device to reduce hysteresis and eddy current losses. The main function of the stator core 1 is to provide a low-resistance, high-permeability path to guide and concentrate the magnetic field. When the current wound on the stator coil 2 passes through, a magnetic field is generated in the stator core 1, which interacts with the magnetic field generated by the rotor, thereby generating a rotational torque in the motor or generating electrical energy in the generator; the stator coil 2 (also called the stator winding) is an insulated conductor embedded in the stator slot 11, usually made of copper or aluminum wire, and arranged in a specific winding manner. When the current passes through the stator coil 2, a magnetic field is generated, which interacts with the magnetic field of the rotor. For example, in an electric motor, the stator coil 2 receives AC or DC power from an external power source to generate a rotating magnetic field, which drives the rotor to rotate; in a generator, the mechanical movement of the rotor generates AC power in the stator coil 2 through the principle of electromagnetic induction.

[0056] Specifically, the stator core 1 is formed with a stator slot 11, the width of the stator slot 11 varies radially along the stator core 1, and the stator coil 2 includes a rod portion 21, which is arranged in the stator slot 11, and the width of the cross section of at least a portion of the rod portion 21 varies radially along the stator core 1 to cooperate with the stator slot 11.

[0057] In detail, the stator core 1 is provided with a plurality of stator slots 11 at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of stator slots 11 extend in the axial direction. The stator slots 11 are mainly used to provide winding accommodation space for the stator coil 2. The width of the stator slots 11 (here, the width gradient of the stator slots 11 does not include the slot heads and slot bottom portions at both ends away from or close to the central axis of the stator core 2 in the radial direction) can be gradually changed along the radial direction of the stator core 1 (such as the width of the stator slots 11 gradually increases or decreases in the direction toward the center of the stator core 1), so that the width of the stator slots 11 in the radial direction of the stator core 1 can be adaptively changed to ensure that the adjacent stators are aligned. The width of the tooth portion 12 between the slots 11 remains unchanged (compared with the traditional trapezoidal tooth portion, the magnetic cross-section of the trapezoidal tooth portion varies along the radial direction of the motor, and the magnetic conductivity is limited by the minimum cross-section, and the magnetic flux passing through other cross-sections is the same as the magnetic flux passing through the minimum cross-section). Therefore, this can avoid the problem of space waste caused by the width of the tooth portion 12, and can also further increase the internal space of the stator slot 11, increase the winding cross-sectional area of ​​the stator coil 2, and reduce the resistance of the stator coil 2, thereby increasing the power density of the motor and reducing the current density (which can effectively reduce the risk of overheating of the stator coil 2 after power is supplied), thereby improving the motor efficiency.

[0058] Furthermore, the rod portion 21 is inserted into the stator slot 11 along the axial direction of the stator core 1, and the width of the cross section of at least a portion of the rod portion 21 can be adaptively varied along the radial direction of the stator core 1 according to the width of the stator slot 11 to achieve a matching effect, thereby effectively increasing the slot fill rate and reducing the loss of magnetic lines of force on the basis of ensuring the magnetic conductivity of the stator core 1, thereby improving the motor efficiency and heat dissipation effect.

[0059] In addition, the stator slots 11 can provide an accurate and stable installation position for the stator coil 2, ensuring that the stator coil 2 can be wired according to a predetermined pattern to form a desired magnetic field distribution; it can also reduce stray losses and improve motor efficiency.

[0060] Therefore, by setting the stator 100, it is possible to effectively increase the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the stator slot 11 while ensuring the magnetic conductivity of the stator 100, and by matching the stator coils 2 of different widths with the size of the stator slot 11 in the radial direction, the current density of the motor can be reduced and the power density of the motor can be increased, thereby reducing the risk of motor heating and improving the efficiency of the motor.

[0061] According to some optional embodiments of the present invention, combined with Figure 2-Figure 6 and Fig.13 As shown, the width of the stator slot 11 decreases from the radial outer side to the radial inner side of the stator core 1 , and the width of the cross section of at least a portion of the rod portion 21 decreases from the radial outer side to the radial inner side of the stator core 1 .

[0062] Among them, when the motor adopts the arrangement form of outer stator 100 and inner rotor, in the radial direction of the stator core 1, since the circumference of the stator core 1 becomes smaller as it is closer to the central axis, and in order to ensure that the magnetic conductivity of the tooth portion 12 is not affected by the minimum magnetic conductivity cross-section, the width of the stator slot 11 becomes smaller and smaller from the outside to the inside while keeping the width of the tooth portion 12 unchanged. In this way, the magnetic flux performance of the stator core 1 can be maximized, thereby reducing the problems of hysteresis and eddy current losses, and thus improving the motor efficiency.

[0063] In addition, the width of the cross section of at least a portion of the rod portion 21 also decreases from the radial outer side to the radial inner side of the stator core 1, so that it can match the shape of the stator slot 11 with a gradually changing width, thereby increasing the slot fill rate of the stator coil 2 in the stator slot 11, effectively reducing the resistance, and thus improving the motor efficiency.

[0064] Furthermore, the above arrangement enables the stator core 1 to adopt stator slots 11 with larger slot areas and conductor areas, rather than rectangular slots adapted to the shape of flat wires.

[0065] Specifically, combined Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, there are multiple stator slots 11 , which are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the stator core 1 . The stator core 1 is provided with a tooth portion 12 between two adjacent stator slots 11 , and the width of the tooth portion 12 is equal along the radial direction of the stator core 1 .

[0066] That is to say, the stator core 1 is provided with a plurality of stator slots 11 arranged at intervals along its circumference, which is conducive to the stator coil 2 to achieve the effect of multi-phase winding, and a tooth portion 12 is provided between two adjacent stator slots 11, and the teeth 12 on the stator core 1 are arranged alternately with the stator 100, wherein the stator slots 11 are used to embed the stator coil 2, and when the current passes through the stator coil 2, an alternating magnetic field is formed in the teeth 12, which interacts with the conductive bars (squirrel cage structure) or the rotor coil on the rotor to generate torque and drive the motor to rotate, thereby guiding and enhancing the magnetic field and promoting energy conversion.

[0067] In addition, the width of the tooth portion 12 is equal along the radial direction of the stator core 1. Such an arrangement can ensure that the magnetic conductivity of the tooth portion 12 is not affected by the minimum magnetic conductive cross-section, thereby maximizing the magnetic conductivity of the tooth portion 12 and avoiding the waste of the width dimension of the tooth portion 12.

[0068] According to some optional embodiments of the present invention, combined with Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the slot bottom of the stator slot 11 away from the center of the stator core 1 is configured as a flat surface or a curved surface.

[0069] For example, when the slot bottom of the stator slot 11 in the direction away from the center of the stator core 1 is constructed as a plane, it can facilitate the threading and wiring of the stator coil 2, that is, the flat slot bottom makes the embedding and fixing of the stator coil 2 relatively simple, especially during manual winding or automatic winding machine operation, it is easier to handle and position; it can also be suitable for specific winding forms such as double-layer windings. The flat slot bottom can provide sufficient space to arrange the stator coil 2 on the one hand, and maintain a good slot fill rate on the other hand.

[0070] For another example, when the bottom of the stator slot 11 in the direction away from the center of the stator core 1 is constructed as an arc surface, the magnetic flux distribution can be effectively improved, that is, the arc surface slot bottom fits the circular winding cross-section better, can better adapt to the natural shape of the stator coil 2, and helps to improve the distribution of magnetic flux, reduce magnetic resistance, and improve the electromagnetic performance of the motor; it can also reduce the length of the stator coil 2 at the axial end, that is, the arc surface slot bottom can reduce the protruding length of the stator coil 2 at the slot (that is, the end length), reduce the stray loss of the stator coil 2, and improve the motor efficiency; it can also enhance the position stability, that is, the arc surface slot bottom can provide a better fixing effect of the stator coil 2, reduce the vibration of the motor during operation, and enhance the stability and reliability of the motor.

[0071] According to some optional embodiments of the present invention, combined with Figure 6 , Fig.13 , Fig.15 -and Fig.19 As shown, the width of the cross section at the midpoint of the length direction of the rod portion 21 changes gradually along the radial direction of the stator core 1. In this way, the width of the rod portion 21 passing through the stator slot 11 can completely match the shape of the stator slot 11 along the radial direction of the stator core 1, thereby improving the slot filling rate, reducing the loss of magnetic lines of force, and further improving the motor efficiency and heat dissipation effect.

[0072] In addition, in order to meet the condition that the resistance of each layer of conductive wire (that is, the compressed wire) in the stator slot 11 along the length direction of the rod portion 21 is consistent, the cross-sectional area of ​​each layer of conductor along the length direction of the rod portion 21 will be different, and it is necessary to customize according to different slot requirements (due to the good compressibility and plasticity of the compressed wire, it can be stamped by a mold to make conductors with different cross-sections to adapt to different slot types of the stator slot 11), thereby reducing the AC loss caused by the skin effect and the proximity effect of the motor under high-frequency conditions, thereby improving the motor efficiency.

[0073] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the resistance of the conductors connected to the ends of the rod 21 along the length direction is consistent, the two ends of the rod 21 along the length direction are connected by conductors with the same cross-sectional area (such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9-11 , Fig.13 , Fig.14 , Figure 16-18 As shown), there is a transition of variable cross-section at the connection between the rod portion 21 and the head portion 22 in the stator slot 11.

[0074] Specifically, Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9-11 , Fig.13 , Fig.14 , Figure 16-18 As shown, the cross section at the end of the length direction of the rod 21 is rectangular. It can be understood that the rectangular cross section of the rod 21 can provide a larger conductor cross-sectional area, which is conducive to increasing the current carrying capacity, thereby improving the output power and efficiency of the motor; and in the manufacturing process of the stator coil 2, the rectangular wire is easier to fix, reducing movement and vibration, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the motor operation.

[0075] According to some optional embodiments of the utility model, the rod 21 includes a plurality of enameled wires, which are twisted together; or the rod 21 is a copper rod. Among them, since the enameled wires twisted together have good compressibility and plasticity, it is convenient to make conductors with different cross-sections through mold stamping to adapt to different slot types of stator slots 11. In addition, the twisted stator winding can reduce the AC loss caused by the skin effect and the proximity effect under high-frequency conditions, and the increased conductor area will also reduce the resistance of the stator coil 2, thereby improving the motor efficiency.

[0076] In addition, the rod 21 is a copper rod, which can make the rod 21 have greater structural strength, stronger overall stability, and higher conductivity, thereby effectively improving the practicality and working reliability of the rod 21.

[0077] For example, the rod 21 is directly stamped or stretched from a whole piece of copper flat wire winding to obtain a conductor that matches the slot shape of the stator slot 11 , thereby improving the power density of the motor by reducing the resistance of the stator coil 2 and reducing the current density of the stator coil 2 .

[0078] For another example, the stator coil 2 may be made of highly compressed enameled wire, and the cross-sectional shape of the compressed enameled wire conductor (which may be a trapezoid or other irregular shapes) can be flexibly molded to match the slot shape of the stator slot 11 .

[0079] According to some optional embodiments of the present invention, combined with Figure 6 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 and Fig. 20 As shown, the stator coil 2 includes a head 22 and a leg 23 . The head 22 is connected between two rods 21 , and the leg 23 is connected to one end of the rod 21 away from the head 22 .

[0080] Among them, the head 22 of the stator coil 2 refers to the part of the stator coil 2 extending out of one axial end of the stator slot 11. This part of the stator coil 2 plays a connecting or transitional role in the end area of ​​the motor. The part of the stator coil 2 at the head 22 may need to be insulated and connected to other coils or connectors to form a complete circuit; the rod 21 of the stator coil 2 refers to the part of the stator coil 2 embedded in the stator slot 11. The rod 21 is the main part of the coil, which directly participates in the magnetic field interaction process inside the motor; the leg 23 of the stator coil 2 refers to the part of the stator coil 2 extending out of the other axial end of the stator slot 11. This part of the stator coil 2 also plays a connecting or transitional role in the end area of ​​the motor. The part of the stator coil 2 at the leg 23 may need to be insulated. In this way, by setting the stator coil 2 at the leg 23, the rod 21 and the head 22 that are connected to each other, it is convenient to crosstalk two different stator slots 11 to form a relatively independent stator coil 2.

[0081] Optionally, the cross section of the head 22 is rectangular or circular. For example, the rectangular cross section of the head 22 can provide a larger conductor cross-sectional area, which is conducive to increasing the current carrying capacity, thereby improving the output power and efficiency of the motor; and in the manufacturing process of the stator coil 2, the rectangular wire is easier to fix, reducing movement and vibration, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the motor operation.

[0082] For another example, the round cross section of the head 22 is easier to manufacture because it has no sharp edges, thus reducing the risk of damage during winding and embedding. The round conductor generates less eddy current loss when the motor is running, which helps to improve the efficiency of the motor, especially under high-frequency operating conditions.

[0083] Alternatively, the cross section of the leg 23 is rectangular or circular. For example, the rectangular cross section of the leg 23 can provide a larger conductor cross-sectional area, which is conducive to increasing the current carrying capacity, thereby improving the output power and efficiency of the motor; and in the manufacturing process of the stator coil 2, the rectangular wire is easier to fix, reducing movement and vibration, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the motor operation.

[0084] For another example, the circular cross-section of the leg 23 is easier to process and manufacture because it has no sharp edges, reducing the risk of damage during the winding and embedding process; the circular conductor generates less eddy current loss when the motor is running, which helps to improve the efficiency of the motor, especially under high-frequency operating conditions.

[0085] Specifically, the outer periphery of the rod 21 and the leg 23 is coated with an insulating layer. It is understandable that the insulating layer can play the role of electrical insulation, preventing electrical short circuits between the stator coils 2 and between the stator coils 2 and the stator core 1 (during the operation of the motor, a strong current will flow through the stator coil 2 to generate a magnetic field. If there is not enough insulation, the current may pass through the metal parts to cause a short circuit, damage the motor or even cause a safety accident); it can also improve the temperature resistance performance. When the motor is running, heat will be generated, especially for high-power motors. The insulating layer can be a high-temperature resistant material to help the stator coil 2 resist high temperatures and extend the service life of the motor.

[0086] In addition, since the cross-sections of the conductors of each layer in the length direction of the rod portion 21 are different, the shapes of the insulating layers will also be different to a certain extent, thereby being more adapted to the shape of the stator slot 11 and improving the space utilization rate in the stator slot 11 .

[0087] Furthermore, the rod 21 and the leg 23 are welded together; or the rod 21 and the leg 23 are integrally formed. That is, the rod 21 and the leg 23 are welded together, and welding has better connection firmness than other connection methods, such as bonding and clamping; the rod 21 and the leg 23 are integrally formed, and such an arrangement can enhance the overall stability and structural strength of the rod 21 and the leg 23 compared with the split assembly.

[0088] According to some optional embodiments of the present invention, combined with Figure 21-23 As shown, there are multiple stator coils 2, and the stator 100 also includes a connecting ring 3, which includes multiple connecting rods 31 distributed along the circumference and radial direction of the stator 100, and each connecting rod 31 is connected between two stator coils 2 to form multiple groups of stator windings.

[0089] Among them, the connecting ring 3 is a conductive structure used to connect between each stator coil 2 or a phase of a stator coil 2. The connecting ring 3 helps to form a closed circuit path to ensure the effective conversion of electrical energy when the motor is running; it can also simplify the assembly process of the stator 100, thereby improving the electrical insulation performance and position stability.

[0090] In addition, the function of the connecting ring 3 is to connect the two groups of stator coils of each phase winding to form a phase winding. At the same time, the outlet ends of each phase winding are connected to form a common point of the motor winding. If there is a need to lead out the N line, the common point can be connected to the external terminal to lead out the common point. The connecting ring 3 at the axial end of the present application adopts a layered structure in the radial and axial directions. While ensuring that the connections of the phase windings do not interfere with each other, the length of the stator coil 2 connected at the end is minimized, thereby reducing the resistance and loss of the motor. Finally, the lead-out end of the connecting ring 3 is connected to the terminal of each phase winding to form a motor stator 100.

[0091] Specifically, combined Figure 21-23 As shown, the connecting rod 31 includes a first rod segment 311 and a second rod segment 312, the first rod segment 311 is constructed as an arc extending along the circumference of the stator 100, and one end of the first rod segment 311 is connected to a stator coil 2, the second rod segment 312 is constructed as an arc extending along the circumference of the stator 100, and the second rod segment 312 is connected between the other end of the first rod segment 311 and another stator coil 2, and the radius of the circle corresponding to the first rod segment 311 is smaller than the radius of the circle corresponding to the second rod segment 312; wherein the first rod segments 311 and the second rod segments 312 of the plurality of connecting rods 31 distributed in the radial direction of the stator 100 are staggered.

[0092] It can be understood that the first rod segment 311 on the connecting rod 31 is staggeredly connected with the second rod segment 312 on the connecting rod 31 on one side adjacent to the circumferential direction, and the second rod segment 312 on the connecting rod 31 is staggeredly connected with the first rod segment 311 on the other side adjacent to the connecting rod 31 in the circumferential direction. With this arrangement, the first rod segments 311 and the second rod segments 312 on the plurality of connecting rods 31 are continuously staggered in the circumferential direction to form a complete connecting ring 3, thereby improving the structural stability of the connecting ring 3.

[0093] The first rod segment 311 and the second rod segment 312 can be used to connect two stator coils 2 respectively, so as to facilitate the conduction of current to the stator coils 2 at both ends of the same connecting rod 31 at the same time, and further facilitate the generation of a magnetic field when the stator coils 2 are energized.

[0094] Combination Figure 6 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 , Fig. 20 and Fig.21 As shown, the following example introduces the structure and processing technology of the stator coil 2 of this case: First, the stator coil 2 is mainly composed of three parts: a stranded wire conductor, an insulating layer, and a flat copper wire conductor. The stranded wire conductor is mainly obtained by twisting multiple single enameled wires and then stamping. In order to match the slot shapes of different stator slots 11, the stranded wire conductor will have different cross-sectional shapes; however, in order to match the flat copper wire conductor at the axial end, the end face of the stranded wire conductor will be made into a rectangle, so the stranded wire conductor will have a certain cross-sectional transition, from the trapezoidal or pear-shaped middle section to the rectangle at the axial end. The optional processing methods include die stamping and die stretching. In addition, in order to reduce the height of the axial end of the stator coil 2 and save a certain amount of end space, the head 22 of the stator coil 2 also needs to be made into a curve of the same specification, so it also needs to be processed into a regular rectangle or circle, so there is a certain difference from the cross-section of the conductor in the stator slot 11, and a certain cross-sectional transition is also required.

[0095] Secondly, the stranded conductor and the flat copper conductors at both ends of the axial direction are connected by welding. The welding methods that can be selected are resistance welding and laser welding. The insulation layer of the stator coil 2 is directly wound on the stranded conductor and the flat copper conductor. In order to ensure that there is no copper leakage, the insulation layer is wound obliquely, so there will be some overlap. After winding the insulation layer, it is necessary to use a special tool to bend the dense wire winding into Figure 5 After the densely pressed wire winding is inserted into the stator slot 11, it needs to be bent again to obtain Figure 6 Next, the multiple groups of compacted wire windings after bending and forming are connected end to end and welded together to form a coil group of the stator 100. Each stator coil 2 group is connected through the connecting ring 3 at the axial end to form the following Figure 7A single-phase winding of a stator 100 of an electric motor is shown.

[0096] The motor according to the second aspect of the present invention includes the stator 100 of the above embodiment. The motor with the stator 100 can reduce the current density of the motor and increase the power density of the motor, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor.

[0097] The vehicle according to the embodiment of the third aspect of the utility model includes the motor of the above embodiment, so that the vehicle with the motor can improve the endurance and power performance, thereby improving the market competitiveness.

[0098] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0099] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0100] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0101] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A stator (100), characterized in that: include: A stator core (1), the stator core (1) being formed with stator slots (11), the width of the stator slots (11) gradually varying along the radial direction of the stator core (1); A stator coil (2), the stator coil (2) comprising a rod portion (21), the rod portion (21) being arranged in the stator slot (11), and the width of a cross section of at least a portion of the rod portion (21) gradually changes along the radial direction of the stator core (1) so as to cooperate with the stator slot (11).

2. The stator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the stator slot (11) decreases from the radial outer side to the radial inner side of the stator core (1), and the width of the cross section of at least a portion of the rod portion (21) decreases from the radial outer side to the radial inner side of the stator core (1).

3. The stator (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are a plurality of stator slots (11), and the plurality of stator slots (11) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core (1). The stator core (1) is provided with a tooth portion (12) between two adjacent stator slots (11), and the width of the tooth portion (12) is equal along the radial direction of the stator core (1).

4. The stator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot bottom of the stator slot (11) away from the center of the stator core (1) is configured as a plane or an arc surface.

5. The stator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the cross section at the midpoint of the length direction of the rod portion (21) gradually changes along the radial direction of the stator core (1).

6. The stator (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross section of the rod portion (21) at the end portion in the length direction is rectangular.

7. The stator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rod portion (21) comprises a plurality of enameled wires, and the plurality of enameled wires are twisted together; or The rod part (21) is a copper rod.

8. The stator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator coil (2) comprises: A head (22), wherein the head (22) is connected between the two rods (21); A leg portion (23), wherein the leg portion (23) is connected to an end of the rod portion (21) away from the head portion (22).

9. The stator (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cross section of the head (22) is rectangular or circular; and / or The cross section of the leg (23) is rectangular or circular.

10. The stator (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer peripheries of the rod portion (21) and the leg portion (23) are covered with an insulating layer.

11. The stator (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rod portion (21) is connected to the leg portion (23) by welding; or The rod portion (21) and the leg portion (23) are integrally formed.

12. The stator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator coil (2) is multiple, and the stator (100) further comprises: A connecting ring (3), the connecting ring (3) comprising a plurality of connecting rods (31) distributed along the circumference and radial direction of the stator (100), each of the connecting rods (31) being connected between two of the stator coils (2) to form a plurality of groups of stator windings.

13. The stator (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that: The connecting rod (31) comprises: A first rod segment (311), the first rod segment (311) being configured as an arc extending along the circumference of the stator (100) and having one end connected to one of the stator coils (2); a second rod segment (312), the second rod segment (312) being constructed in an arc shape extending along the circumference of the stator (100) and connected between the other end of the first rod segment (311) and another stator coil (2), the radius of the circle corresponding to the first rod segment (311) being smaller than the radius of the circle corresponding to the second rod segment (312); Wherein, the first rod segments (311) and the second rod segments (312) of the plurality of connecting rods (31) distributed in the radial direction of the stator (100) are distributed in a staggered manner.

14. A motor, characterized in that: include: The stator (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: The motor of claim 14.

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