Recycling system of waste photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling, in particular to a recycling system of a waste photovoltaic module, which comprises a crushing device used for crushing laminated pieces, the crushing device is connected with a fluidized bed reactor through a conveying device, and the fluidized bed reactor is connected with a heating device. The fluidized bed reactor is used for splitting the laminated part, a discharge port is formed in the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor, the discharge port is connected with a screening device, and the screening device is used for separating the split laminated part assembly. According to the utility model, the fluidized bed reactor is adopted to carry out fluidization treatment on the laminated part, so that each component of the laminated part can be quickly and effectively decomposed, the subsequent classified recovery of each component is facilitated, and the laminated part recycling device has the advantages of high recovery efficiency, low energy consumption and good environmental protection property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic component recycling, in particular to a recycling system for waste photovoltaic components. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation has been favored by all countries as a clean energy source, and my country's photovoltaic power generation installed capacity has also increased year by year. With the end of the life of photovoltaic modules and the surge in the number of photovoltaic modules scrapped due to production or weather reasons, the recycling of discarded photovoltaic modules has attracted more and more attention. If they are discarded at will or directly incinerated or landfilled, it will cause great harm to the environment.

[0003] Waste photovoltaic modules contain multiple components, which mainly consist of junction boxes, aluminum frames, and photovoltaic laminates. The photovoltaic laminate is a sandwich structure in which photovoltaic glass, crystalline silicon cells, and polyvinyl fluoride TPT backboards are bonded together by EVA copolymer adhesives, usually connected with copper welding strips. The recycling of photovoltaic modules is to disassemble and screen the various components in the module to obtain various independent materials, which are returned to the processing end of each material for recycling. In the recycling of photovoltaic modules, the disassembly of photovoltaic laminates is a difficult point in the recycling process. At present, the methods for disassembling laminates mainly include mechanical crushing, hot knife method, pyrolysis method, and chemical reagent swelling method. However, the current recycling methods have the disadvantages of low recovery rate, high recovery energy consumption, long reaction time, and the requirement for the integrity of photovoltaic modules.

[0004] Therefore, the utility model provides a waste photovoltaic component recycling system with high recycling efficiency, low energy consumption and good environmental protection. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to provide a recycling system for waste photovoltaic components, which can effectively split laminated parts and has high recycling efficiency, low energy consumption and good environmental protection.

[0006] The utility model provides a recycling system for waste photovoltaic components, comprising a crushing device for crushing laminated components, wherein the crushing device is connected to a fluidized bed reactor via a conveying device, the fluidized bed reactor is connected to a heating device, the fluidized bed reactor is used to split the laminated components, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor, the discharge port is connected to a screening device, and the screening device is used to separate the split laminated components.

[0007] Preferably, a fluidizing chamber is provided inside the fluidized bed reactor, bed material is provided in the fluidized chamber, the bottom of the fluidized chamber is connected to the ventilation chamber via a wind hood, an air inlet is provided on one side of the wind chamber, the air inlet is connected to the heating device, and an air outlet is provided on the top of the fluidized bed reactor.

[0008] Preferably, the heating device comprises an electric heater, and the electric heater is connected to the air outlet via a circulating fan.

[0009] Preferably, a dust removal device is provided between the air outlet and the circulating fan, and a first interface for connecting a gas detection device is provided between the dust removal device and the circulating fan.

[0010] Preferably, a second interface is provided between the first interface and the circulation fan, and the second interface is connected to the flare burner via the exhaust fan.

[0011] Preferably, an air supply pipeline is connected between the second interface and the circulation fan.

[0012] Preferably, a heat exchanger is provided between the air outlet and the dust removal device.

[0013] Preferably, a cooling device is provided between the discharge port and the screening device.

[0014] Preferably, the glass screened by the screening device enters the fluidizing chamber via an elevator, and the glass serves as the bed material.

[0015] Preferably, a buffer bin is provided between the crushing device and the conveying device, and the conveying device is a screw feeder.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] The utility model adopts a fluidized bed reactor to perform fluidization treatment on the laminate, which can quickly and effectively decompose the components of the laminate, facilitate the subsequent classification and recycling of the components, and has the advantages of high recycling efficiency, low energy consumption and good environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.

[0020] Description of reference numerals:

[0021] 1- fluidized bed reactor, 2- crushing device, 3- buffer bin, 4- screw feeder, 5- bed silo, 6- elevator, 7- fluidizing chamber, 8- wind chamber, 9- wind hood, 10- heat exchanger, 11- dust collector, 12- gas detection device, 13- exhaust fan, 14- torch burner, 15- air supply pipeline, 16- circulating fan, 17- electric heater, 18- cooling device, 19- screening device, 20- vibrating screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0024] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present utility model, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1As shown, a recycling system for waste photovoltaic modules includes a crushing device 2 for crushing laminates, a crusher is used as the crushing device 2, and the crushed laminates are stored in a buffer bin 3, and the buffer bin 3 is connected to the fluidized bed reactor 1 through a conveying device, and the conveying device is a screw feeder 4. A fluidizing chamber 7 is provided inside the fluidized bed reactor 1, and a bed material is provided in the fluidized chamber 7. The bed material is made of the same material as the glass in the laminate. The bottom of the fluidized chamber 7 is connected to the ventilation chamber 8 through a hood 9. Under the action of the hood 9, wind can evenly enter the fluidized chamber 7. An air inlet is provided on one side of the air chamber 8, and the air inlet is connected to a heating device. An air outlet is provided on the top of the fluidized bed reactor 1.

[0027] The heating device includes an electric heater 17, which is connected to the air outlet through a circulating fan 16. The gas enters the wind chamber 8 after being heated by the electric heater 17, and then enters the fluidizing chamber 7 evenly through the wind cap 9 to provide power and heat for the fluidization of the bed material. The air outlet is connected to the heat exchanger 10, the dust collector 11 and the circulating fan 16 in sequence; generally, the bag material of the dust collector 11 has a temperature resistance below 200°C. The heat exchanger 10 first cools down the hot air to protect the dust collector 11 behind. The hot water generated during the heat exchange process can also be used for production and life, and the circulation of low temperature and low air volume can improve the economy and stability of the system. The circulating fan 16 can use an economical and reliable ordinary fan to reduce the system failure rate. A first interface for connecting the gas detection device 12 is provided between the dust collector 11 and the circulating fan 16. The gas detection device 12 is used to detect the concentration of combustible gas in the hot air discharged from the air outlet. A second interface is provided between the first interface and the circulation fan 16. The second interface is connected to the torch burner 14 via the exhaust fan 13. When it is detected that the concentration of the combustible gas reaches the set value, the gas enters the torch burner 14 via the exhaust fan 13 and is discharged into the atmosphere after being burned out, so as to avoid excessive combustible gas in the pipeline causing deflagration. An air supply pipeline 15 is connected between the second interface and the circulation fan 16. When the gas discharged at the second interface makes the circulation air volume insufficient, the air supply pipeline 15 is used to supply air to the entire gas flow system.

[0028] The fluidized bed reactor 1 is used to split the laminates. In the fluidized bed reactor 1, the laminates and the fluidized bed materials rub against each other. At the same time, the viscosity of the EVA adhesive decreases as the temperature rises, and the two-phase action realizes debonding, so that the glass, battery cells, solder strips, back panels and EVA adhesive in the laminates are debonded and separated to obtain a mixture. The residence time of the coarsely crushed laminates in the fluidized bed reactor 1 is 10-30 minutes; a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor 1, and the separated mixture particles are discharged through the discharge port. The discharge port is connected to the cooling device 18 and the screening device 19 in sequence, and the screening device 19 is used to separate the split laminate components. The screening device 19 adopts the common method used by technicians in this field, and adopts the flotation method to screen out the backboard and EVA binder. The backboard and EVA binder float up during the flotation process. The backboard and EVA binder are both high molecular copolymers and do not need to be classified again; then eddy current sorting is used to screen out the welding strip; finally, air flow sorting or shaking table sorting is used to separate the glass and battery cells. The glass screened by the screening device 19 is selected to a suitable size by a vibrating screen 20, and then enters the fluidizing chamber 7 through an elevator 6. A bed material bin 5 is provided between the elevator 6 and the fluidizing chamber 7, which can be used to store excess glass bed material. Glass is used as bed material, which is beneficial to reducing the recycling cost of photovoltaic modules.

[0029] Working process:

[0030] The discarded photovoltaic modules are pre-processed, the junction boxes and aluminum frames are removed, and laminated parts are obtained. The laminated parts include glass, battery cells, welding strips, back panels, and EVA adhesives.

[0031] The laminate is input into the crushing device 2 for coarse crushing, and the crushed laminate is input into the buffer bin 3 , and then sent into the fluidized bed reactor 1 through the screw feeder 4 .

[0032] After passing through the circulation fan 16, the gas is heated by the electric heater 17. After being heated to 150-250°C, it is input into the wind chamber 8 and evenly enters the fluidizing chamber 7 through the wind cap 9 to heat the fluidizing chamber 7, providing power and heat for the fluidization of the bed material. After that, it enters the heat exchanger 10 through the air outlet to cool down, and then enters the dust collector 11 for dust removal. After dust removal, the concentration of combustible gas in the hot air discharged from the air outlet is detected by the gas detection device 12. When it is detected that the concentration of combustible gas reaches the set value, the gas enters the torch burner 14 through the exhaust fan 13, and is discharged into the atmosphere after burning out, so as to avoid excessive combustible gas in the pipeline from causing deflagration. When the gas discharged from the second interface makes the circulating air volume insufficient, the air supply pipe 15 is used to supply air to ensure that the circulating air volume is sufficient and the fluidization effect in the fluidizing chamber 7 is guaranteed; the subsequent gas enters the circulation fan 16 and continues to circulate.

[0033] The broken laminate rubs against the fluidized bed material in the fluidizing chamber 7, and the viscosity of the EVA adhesive decreases as the temperature rises, achieving debonding, so that the glass, battery cells, solder strips, backplanes and EVA adhesive in the laminate are debonded and separated to obtain a mixture, and the separated mixture particles are discharged through the discharge port, which is connected to the cooling device 18 and the screening device 19 in sequence. The screening device 19 is used to separate the split laminate components. The glass screened by the screening device 19 enters the fluidizing chamber 7 through the elevator 6.

[0034] The cooling device 18 and the heat exchanger 10 both adopt the hydrothermal method for heat exchange. The hot water generated during the heat exchange process can be used for production and life, which is beneficial to the recycling of resources.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A recycling system for waste photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: It comprises a crushing device for crushing laminated parts, the crushing device is connected to a fluidized bed reactor via a conveying device, the fluidized bed reactor is connected to a heating device, the fluidized bed reactor is used to split the laminated parts, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor, the discharge port is connected to a screening device, and the screening device is used to separate the split laminated parts components.

2. The recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fluidizing chamber is provided inside the fluidized bed reactor, and bed material is provided in the fluidized chamber. The bottom of the fluidized chamber is connected to the ventilation chamber via a wind hood, an air inlet is provided on one side of the wind chamber, and the air inlet is connected to the heating device. An air outlet is provided on the top of the fluidized bed reactor.

3. The recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating device comprises an electric heater, and the electric heater is connected to the air outlet via a circulating fan.

4. The recovery system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A dust removal device is provided between the air outlet and the circulating fan, and a first interface for connecting a gas detection device is provided between the dust removal device and the circulating fan.

5. The recovery system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second interface is provided between the first interface and the circulation fan, and the second interface is connected to the flare burner via the exhaust fan.

6. The recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: An air supply pipeline is connected between the second interface and the circulation fan.

7. The recovery system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A heat exchanger is provided between the air outlet and the dust removal device.

8. The recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cooling device is provided between the discharge port and the screening device.

9. The recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The glass screened by the screening device enters the fluidizing chamber through an elevator, and the glass serves as the bed material.

10. The recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer bin is provided between the crushing device and the conveying device, and the conveying device is a screw feeder.

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