Variable-diameter variable-pitch single-screw extrusion equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses variable-diameter variable-pitch single-screw extrusion equipment, and belongs to the field of pretreatment and dehydration of perishable garbage resourceful treatment. The device comprises a rack, a reducing screw shaft, a back pressure cone, a hydraulic oil cylinder linear driver and a motor rotation driver. A feeding bin, an extrusion bin and a discharging bin are sequentially arranged in the rack; the variable-diameter spiral shaft transversely penetrates through the feeding bin and the extrusion bin, and variable-pitch spiral blades are arranged on the outer surface of the variable-diameter spiral shaft in the axial direction; a back pressure cone capable of axially sliding along the variable-diameter screw shaft is arranged outside the discharge end of the variable-diameter screw shaft in a sleeving manner; and a filter screen drum is sleeved outside a part of the variable-diameter screw shaft positioned in the extrusion bin. According to the screw extruder, the double-acting oil cylinder is used for providing back pressure for the back pressure cone, so that a user can conveniently adjust the back pressure at any time in the extrusion process; and meanwhile, after extrusion is finished, the double-acting oil cylinder controls the back pressure cone to be far away from the discharge port, so that the variable-diameter screw can conveniently and completely discharge the materials, and material decay and stink emission caused by material storage in the screw extruder are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of pretreatment and dehydration of perishable garbage resource treatment, and specifically relates to a novel variable-diameter and variable-pitch single-screw extrusion device. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of household waste classification and the improvement of classification quality, perishable waste such as kitchen waste, restaurant waste, and fruit and vegetable waste has shown a continuous increasing trend. These perishable wastes have high moisture content, are extremely easy to rot, deteriorate, stink, and breed mosquitoes and other polluting properties. They are also considered to be a huge biological resource bank because of their high organic matter content and rich nutrients. Therefore, for perishable waste treatment equipment and processes, it is necessary to first quickly achieve perishable waste reduction and harmlessness to alleviate the polluting properties of perishable waste, and then give full play to its resource value, so as to achieve long-term disposal of perishable waste.

[0003] At present, fertilizerization is an important way to solve the harmless treatment of perishable garbage and the full resource utilization. However, due to the high water content, perishable garbage materials are easily agglomerated, which destroys the ventilation and oxygen supply of the aerobic system, resulting in the obstruction of local anaerobic and organic component degradation, greatly reducing the resource and fertilizer effects of perishable garbage. It also causes problems such as large area occupied by the treatment facilities, long fermentation cycle, and associated odorous gases, which greatly limits the promotion and application of this process. In the treatment process, the material pretreatment and dehydration link is particularly important. The existing screw extrusion dehydrator has no variable diameter and variable pitch screw, and the dehydration effect is not good; when the variable diameter and variable pitch screw is working, the power input mechanism drives the screw shaft to rotate, the screw shaft drives the extrusion spiral blade to rotate, and the extrusion spiral blade drives the garbage entering the dehydration cylinder to move in the direction close to the large end of the screw shaft. The extrusion spiral blade is used to squeeze the garbage to reduce the volume of the garbage, and at the same time squeeze out the water in the garbage. The squeezed water flows out into the box through the water outlet. The lower end of the box is provided with a drain port, and the dehydration effect is particularly obvious. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion device, which performs double dehydration through a variable diameter screw shaft and variable pitch screw blades.

[0005] The specific technical solutions adopted by this utility model are as follows:

[0006] The utility model provides a variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion device, comprising a frame, a variable diameter screw shaft, a back pressure cone, a hydraulic cylinder linear drive and a motor rotary drive;

[0007] A feed bin, an extrusion bin and a discharge bin are sequentially arranged in the frame, a feed port is arranged on the top of the feed bin, a sewage collecting hopper is connected to the bottom of the extrusion bin and a discharge port is arranged on the rear side wall, and a material collecting port is arranged on the bottom of the discharge bin; the variable diameter spiral shaft transversely penetrates the feed bin and the extrusion bin, and a variable pitch spiral blade is arranged on its outer surface along the axial direction; the feed end of the variable diameter spiral shaft is located outside the feed bin and is connected to the driving shaft of the motor rotation driver, the discharge end extends from the discharge port and extends into the discharge bin, and a back pressure cone is sleeved on the outside of the discharge end and can slide along the axial direction of the variable diameter spiral shaft; the back pressure cone is driven by a hydraulic cylinder linear driver located outside the discharge bin, and can adjust the interval between the back pressure cone and the discharge port, and the back pressure cone can completely block the discharge port; a filter screen cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the part of the variable diameter spiral shaft located in the extrusion bin, and a gap is provided between the inner wall of the filter screen cylinder and the variable pitch spiral blade of the part of the variable diameter spiral shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the variable diameter spiral shaft comprises a front section spiral shaft located in the feed bin and a rear section spiral shaft located in the extrusion bin, the diameter of the rear section spiral shaft is larger than the diameter of the front section spiral shaft and the two are transitionally connected; a first spiral blade is axially provided on the outer wall of the front section spiral shaft, a second spiral blade is axially provided on the outer wall of the rear section spiral shaft, and the pitch of the first spiral blade is larger than the pitch of the second spiral blade.

[0009] Preferably, the motor rotation driver can drive the variable diameter spiral shaft to rotate in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions.

[0010] Preferably, the feed bin, the extrusion bin and the discharge bin are arranged in sequence and continuously along the horizontal direction.

[0011] Preferably, the sewage collecting hopper is a funnel-shaped structure with a gradually decreasing horizontal cross-section, and a water outlet is provided at the bottom.

[0012] Preferably, the variable diameter spiral shaft is arranged horizontally.

[0013] Preferably, the vertical cross-section of the back pressure cone gradually expands along the direction of material travel, and a movable baffle for limiting position is provided at the rear end.

[0014] Preferably, a material return prevention device is provided in the extrusion bin.

[0015] Preferably, the filter screen cylinder is formed by woven together a plurality of flat steels in a cylindrical shape.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The utility model screw extruder uses a double-acting oil cylinder to provide back pressure for the back pressure cone, which is convenient for users to adjust the back pressure at any time during the extrusion process; at the same time, after the extrusion is completed, the double-acting oil cylinder controls the back pressure cone to move away from the discharge port, so that the variable diameter screw shaft can completely discharge the material, avoiding the material from being corrupted and emitting a foul odor due to the accumulation of material inside the screw extruder. The utility model screw extruder designs the variable diameter screw shaft as a segmented structure, which is conducive to the material being squeezed and dehydrated between the front section variable diameter screw shaft and the rear section variable diameter screw shaft. The utility model screw extruder designs the diameter of the rear section variable diameter screw shaft as a variable cross-section structure, which is conducive to the material being squeezed and dehydrated by the rear section variable diameter screw shaft applying radial pressure. In this way, the dehydrated material is dried up, which is convenient to shorten the fermentation start-up time and improve the quality of the output fertilizer product, thereby improving the production efficiency of the fermentation treatment of perishable garbage and saving the treatment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the extrusion equipment in the embodiment (mainly used for displaying structural components);

[0019] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the extrusion equipment in the embodiment (mainly used to show the feeding and discharging systems);

[0020] Figure numerals: 1. Frame; 2. Movable baffle; 3. Variable diameter spiral shaft; 4. Variable pitch spiral blade; 5. Filter screen; 6. Back pressure cone; 7. Hydraulic cylinder linear drive; 8. Motor rotation drive; 9. Sewage collection hopper; 10. Anti-backflow device; 11. Feed bin; 12. Extrusion bin; 13. Discharge bin; 3.1 Rear section spiral shaft; 3.2 Front section spiral shaft; 4.1 First spiral blade; 4.2 Second spiral blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations. The technical features of each implementation of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0022] In the description of the present utility model, it is necessary to understand that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to another element or indirectly connected, that is, there are intermediate elements. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0023] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for the purpose of distinguishing descriptions, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, directional expressions such as "front" and "rear" are all relative to the direction of feed movement, that is, Figure 1 and 2 The right side is the front end and the left side is the rear end.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion device provided by the utility model mainly includes a frame 1, a variable diameter screw shaft 3, a back pressure cone 6, a hydraulic cylinder linear drive 7 and a motor rotation drive 8.

[0026] The structure and connection method of each component will be described in detail below.

[0027] In the utility model, a feed bin 11, an extrusion bin 12 and a discharge bin 13 are sequentially arranged in the frame 1. A feed port is provided at the top of the feed bin 11, and the feed port is used to add perishable garbage materials to be processed therein. A sewage collecting hopper 9 is connected to the bottom of the extrusion bin 12, and a discharge port is provided on the rear side wall thereof, wherein the sewage collecting hopper 9 is used to discharge and collect the moisture after the material is squeezed. A material collecting port is provided at the bottom of the discharge bin 13, and the material collecting port is used to discharge and collect the material after extrusion and dehydration.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the feed bin 11, the extrusion bin 12 and the discharge bin 13 are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction. The sewage collecting hopper 9 is a funnel-shaped structure with a gradually reduced horizontal cross-section, and a water outlet is provided at the bottom. An anti-return device 10 is provided in the extrusion bin 12. The anti-return device 10 can adopt the structure and layout method in the prior art, as long as it can achieve the corresponding function, and will not be repeated here.

[0029] In the present invention, the variable diameter spiral shaft 3 runs through the feed bin 11 and the extrusion bin 12 transversely, and a variable pitch spiral blade 4 is provided on its outer surface along the axial direction, and its two ends are respectively called the feed end and the discharge end. The feed end of the variable diameter spiral shaft 3 is located outside the feed bin 11 and is connected to the drive shaft of the motor rotation driver 8, and the discharge end extends from the discharge port and extends into the discharge bin 13. The outer part of the discharge end is provided with a back pressure cone 6 that can slide along the axial direction of the variable diameter spiral shaft 3.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge end can be fixed on the rear side wall of the discharge bin 13. The variable pitch spiral blade 4 is welded to the variable diameter spiral shaft 3, and the blade spacing gradually decreases from the feed port end to the discharge port end, forming a conical densification type. Specifically, Figure 2As shown, the variable diameter spiral shaft 3 includes a front spiral shaft 3.2 located in the feed bin 11 and a rear spiral shaft 3.1 located in the extrusion bin 12, the diameter of the rear spiral shaft 3.1 is larger than the diameter of the front spiral shaft 3.2, and the front spiral shaft 3.2 and the rear spiral shaft 3.1 are transitionally connected. The outer wall of the front spiral shaft 3.2 is provided with a first spiral blade 4.1 along the axial direction, and the outer wall of the rear spiral shaft 3.1 is provided with a second spiral blade 4.2 along the axial direction, and the pitch of the first spiral blade 4.1 is larger than the pitch of the second spiral blade 4.2. The variable diameter spiral shaft 3 should be arranged horizontally.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the motor rotation driver 8 is fixed on the frame 1, and the rotation speed of the variable diameter screw shaft 3 is controlled by the cooperation of the motor and the reducer, and the output end of the motor rotation driver 8 is connected to the variable diameter screw shaft 3 by a boss. The motor rotation driver 8 should be able to drive the variable diameter screw shaft 3 to rotate in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions: when the motor rotation driver 8 drives the variable diameter screw shaft 3 to rotate clockwise, the material is pushed to move backward; when the motor rotation driver 8 drives the variable diameter screw shaft 3 to rotate counterclockwise, the material can be transferred to the feed port to avoid the storage of materials inside the screw extruder, which leads to the corruption of the materials and the emission of bad smell.

[0032] In the present invention, the back pressure cone 6 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder linear driver 7 located outside the discharge bin 13, and the distance between the back pressure cone 6 and the discharge port can be adjusted, and the back pressure cone 6 can completely block the discharge port. A filter screen cylinder 5 is sleeved on the outside of the partially variable diameter spiral shaft 3 located in the extrusion bin 12, and there is a distance between the inner wall of the filter screen cylinder 5 and the variable pitch spiral blade 4 of the partially variable diameter spiral shaft 3.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the vertical cross section of the back pressure cone 6 gradually expands along the direction of material travel, and a movable baffle 2 for limiting is provided at the rear end. The movable baffle 2 is also located inside the discharge bin 13, and can limit the rear limit position of the back pressure cone 6 when it moves forward and backward. In actual use, the hydraulic cylinder linear drive 7 can also be assembled and connected with the movable baffle 2, and the left and right positioning is performed by bolts and guide grooves, and the distance between the back pressure cone 6 and the discharge port is adjusted by the cylinder stroke: the larger the distance, the smaller the extrusion force; the smaller the distance, the greater the extrusion force.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the filter screen drum 5 is made of a plurality of flat steels in a cylindrical shape and woven together to ensure the dehydration permeability of the filter screen, and it is not easy for large pieces of material to overflow, and it is not easy for materials to be blocked on the filter screen, so that the moisture of the material can be discharged. The filter screen drum 5 can be fixed on the extrusion bin 12. During the spiral feeding process, the material extrusion force is continuously increased due to the variable diameter and variable pitch, and the generated material moisture is discharged from the filter screen hole and flows into the sewage collection hopper 9 at the bottom of the frame 1.

[0035] During actual use, perishable garbage materials enter the feed bin from the feed port, and the motor is started to rotate the driver to drive the variable diameter spiral shaft to transport the perishable garbage materials to the discharge port. During the material conveying and extrusion process, the material is transferred to the second spiral blade of the rear spiral shaft through the first spiral blade on the front spiral shaft. The forward speed of the material on the front spiral shaft is greater than the forward speed of the material on the rear spiral shaft, which helps the material to be squeezed and dehydrated between the front spiral shaft and the rear spiral shaft. The diameter of the rear spiral shaft gradually increases along the forward direction of the material, which helps the material to be squeezed and dehydrated for the second time under the action of the rear spiral shaft. From the smallest end to the largest end, the space in the rack bin (that is, the interval between the filter screen cylinder) gradually becomes smaller, forming an extrusion state; at the same time, the material passes through the variable pitch spiral blade from wide spacing to narrow spacing. When the variable diameter spiral shaft rotates one circle, the narrow pitch spiral blade (that is, the second spiral blade) will rotate one more circle than the wide pitch spiral blade (that is, the first spiral blade), forming a secondary extrusion; before the variable diameter spiral shaft rotates, the liquid The hydraulic cylinder linear drive adjusts the distance between the back pressure cone and the discharge port. The smaller the distance adjustment, the smaller the gap of the extrusion outlet, which will cause the material to be dehydrated more. The back pressure cone and the movable baffle adopt an integrated structure. During the extrusion work, the double-acting cylinder (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder linear drive) drives the back pressure cone to leave a gap to block the discharge port. The material squeezes the back pressure cone under the action of the variable diameter spiral shaft. When the extrusion force of the material exceeds the back pressure, the material is discharged from the gap between the back pressure cone and the discharge port. During the extrusion process, the moisture in the material flows out through the filter screen cylinder. The moisture content of the extruded material after extrusion is related to the size of the back pressure. The size of the back pressure is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder linear drive. When the material extrusion work is completed, the hydraulic cylinder linear drive drives the back pressure cone away from the discharge port, and the material is discharged from the discharge port through the variable diameter spiral shaft. The sewage generated during the material extrusion process flows out from the filter screen cylinder and collects in the sewage collection hopper at the bottom of the frame.

[0036] Compared with conventional single-screw extruders with equal diameter and equal distance, the variable-diameter and variable-pitch single-screw extruder of the utility model is gradually transported from the small-diameter screw shaft at the feed hopper end to the large-diameter screw shaft at the discharge port under the action of the motor rotation driver, and at the same time, the spacing between the spiral blades gradually changes from large to small, which will lead to a smaller material extrusion space, an increase in the density of the extruded material, and a significant improvement in the dehydration performance. At the same time, after the extrusion is completed, the hydraulic cylinder linear driver controls the back pressure cone to move away from the discharge port, so that the variable-diameter screw shaft can completely discharge the material, avoiding the phenomenon of material corruption and odor caused by the storage of material inside the screw extruder.

[0037] The above-described embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion device, characterized in that: It comprises a frame (1), a variable diameter spiral shaft (3), a back pressure cone (6), a hydraulic cylinder linear drive (7) and a motor rotary drive (8); The frame (1) is provided with a feed bin (11), an extrusion bin (12) and a discharge bin (13) in sequence; a feed port is provided at the top of the feed bin (11); a sewage collecting hopper (9) is provided at the bottom of the extrusion bin (12) and a discharge port is provided on the rear side wall; a material collecting port is provided at the bottom of the discharge bin (13); the variable diameter spiral shaft (3) penetrates the feed bin (11) and the extrusion bin (12) transversely, and a variable pitch spiral blade (4) is provided on its outer surface along the axial direction; the feed end of the variable diameter spiral shaft (3) is located outside the feed bin (11) and is connected to the drive shaft of the motor rotation driver (8); The discharge end extends from the discharge port and extends into the discharge bin (13), and a back pressure cone (6) capable of sliding axially along the variable diameter spiral shaft (3) is sleeved on the outside of the discharge end; the back pressure cone (6) is driven by a hydraulic cylinder linear driver (7) located outside the discharge bin (13) and can adjust the interval between the discharge port and the back pressure cone (6) to completely block the discharge port; a filter screen cylinder (5) is sleeved on the outside of the part of the variable diameter spiral shaft (3) located in the extrusion bin (12), and a gap is formed between the inner wall of the filter screen cylinder (5) and the variable pitch spiral blade (4) of the part of the variable diameter spiral shaft (3).

2. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable diameter spiral shaft (3) comprises a front spiral shaft (3.2) located in a feed bin (11) and a rear spiral shaft (3.1) located in an extrusion bin (12); the diameter of the rear spiral shaft (3.1) is greater than the diameter of the front spiral shaft (3.2) and the two are transitionally connected; the outer wall of the front spiral shaft (3.2) is provided with a first spiral blade (4.1) along the axial direction, and the outer wall of the rear spiral shaft (3.1) is provided with a second spiral blade (4.2) along the axial direction, and the pitch of the first spiral blade (4.1) is greater than the pitch of the second spiral blade (4.2).

3. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor rotation driver (8) can drive the variable diameter spiral shaft (3) to rotate in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions.

4. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding bin (11), the squeezing bin (12) and the discharging bin (13) are arranged in sequence and continuously along the horizontal direction.

5. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sewage collecting hopper (9) is a funnel-shaped structure with a gradually decreasing horizontal cross-section, and a water outlet is provided at the bottom.

6. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable diameter spiral shaft (3) is arranged horizontally.

7. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical cross section of the back pressure cone (6) gradually expands along the direction of material travel, and a movable baffle (2) for limiting position is provided at the rear end.

8. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material return prevention device (10) is provided in the extrusion bin (12).

9. The variable diameter and variable pitch single screw extrusion equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter screen cylinder (5) is formed by arranging a plurality of flat steels in a cylindrical shape.

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