Coronary artery bypass surgery simulator
By designing a coronary artery bypass surgery simulator with multiple modules, the problem that existing simulators cannot provide sufficient application scenarios and effectiveness is solved, and efficient and low-cost high-realistic surgical simulation is achieved, which improves the safety and efficiency of the surgery.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421394549.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing coronary artery bypass surgery simulators have too simple structure, cannot provide sufficient application scenarios and effectiveness, or are complex and expensive, which leads to difficulty in promotion and popularization.
A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator including a box, a cardiac support platform, a thoracic model assembly, ascending aortic duct system, left atrial duct system, reservoir, apical duct system and plunger pump was designed to provide a highly realistic surgical environment by simulating blood circulation and heart pulsation.
It realizes a simple and efficient architecture, provides highly realistic coronary artery bypass surgery simulation, reduces training costs and improves the safety and efficiency of the surgery.
Smart Images
Figure CN222784962U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a coronary artery bypass surgery simulator. Background Art
[0002] Coronary artery bypass grafting is a delicate and complex medical operation that requires the operator to have extremely high professional skills and clinical experience. Due to the complex and fragile structure of the heart, any slight mistake during the operation may lead to damage to its integrity and function, resulting in serious consequences such as cardiogenic shock, neurological complications, and even death of the patient. The extremely high risk of this operation makes the professional training of doctors particularly important and arduous. Traditional training methods usually include theoretical learning, model training, animal experiments, and surgical practice on patients under the guidance of senior doctors. At present, these training methods have their own shortcomings, such as the training model is too simple and fails to achieve the purpose of familiarizing with the surgical process and operation, while live animal experiments are too expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, this simulator aims to create a simulated surgical environment through an efficient structure. Using this simulator, doctors and researchers can perform multiple types of coronary artery bypass grafting, such as heart arrest bypass grafting, heart non-beating bypass grafting, median thoracotomy bypass grafting, minimally invasive small incision bypass grafting, etc., and through repeated practice to improve the understanding and mastery of the surgical process and reduce surgical risks.
[0003] Current coronary artery bypass surgery simulators mainly include: (1) low-fidelity models made of simple materials, used to simulate specific surgical steps such as end-to-end anastomosis and end-to-side anastomosis; (2) high-fidelity models made by 3D printing and other programs to further improve the degree of realism; (3) surgical simulation after fixing the pig heart; (4) living animals; (5) using a simulated heart mold or pig heart, and performing simulated surgery by pushing or moving the heart to simulate heart beating. Currently, these simulators face the problems of being too simple, unable to provide sufficient application scenarios and effectiveness, or being complex in structure, too expensive, and difficult to obtain, which makes it difficult to promote and popularize. Utility Model Content
[0004] The utility model aims to provide a coronary artery bypass surgery simulator, which can be used by doctors and researchers to perform efficient coronary artery bypass surgery simulation.
[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0006] A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator comprises a box, a heart support platform, a thoracic model assembly, an ascending aorta pipeline system, a left atrial pipeline system, a fluid storage tank, an apical pipeline system and a plunger pump. A positioning plate is provided at the middle and lower part of the box, the positioning plate is provided with a plurality of small holes, the bottom of the heart support platform is installed at the small holes, the ascending aorta pipeline system, the left atrial pipeline system and the apical pipeline system are arranged around the outer side of the heart support platform and installed at the small holes, the ascending aorta pipeline system and the left atrial pipeline system are both connected to the fluid storage tank, the apical pipeline system is connected to the plunger pump, and the thoracic model assembly comprises a bottom plate installed on the top of the box and a thoracic model installed on the bottom plate, and an opening is provided on the inner side of the thoracic model of the bottom plate.
[0007] The ascending aorta pipeline system includes a fixed bracket A, an ascending aorta interface and an ascending aorta pipeline. The lower end of the fixed bracket A is installed at the small hole, the ascending aorta interface is installed on the top of the fixed bracket A, one end of the ascending aorta interface is connected to one end of the ascending aorta pipeline, and the other end of the ascending aorta pipeline is connected to a liquid storage tank; the left atrium pipeline system includes a fixed bracket B, a left atrium interface and a left atrium pipeline. The lower end of the fixed bracket B is installed at the small hole, the left atrium interface is installed on the top of the fixed bracket B, one end of the left atrium interface is connected to one end of the left atrium pipeline, and the other end of the left atrium pipeline is connected to a liquid storage tank; the apex pipeline system includes a fixed bracket C, an apex interface and an apex pipeline. The lower end of the fixed bracket C is installed at the small hole, the apex interface is installed on the top of the fixed bracket C, one end of the apex interface is connected to one end of the apex pipeline, and the other end of the apex pipeline is connected to a plunger pump.
[0008] The fixed bracket A, the fixed bracket B and the fixed bracket C have the same structure. The fixed bracket A includes a threaded base, a support rod, an adjustment seat and a pipe clamp. The lower end of the support rod is connected to the threaded base, and the threaded base is screwed to the small hole. The upper part of the support rod is sleeved with an adjustment seat, and the adjustment seat is installed with a pipe clamp. The pipe clamp has an ascending aorta interface.
[0009] The ascending aorta interface includes a tube body and a valve, wherein one end of the tube body is conical and connected to the ascending aorta pipeline, the valve is located in the tube cavity of the tube body, and the other end of the tube body is provided with a groove; the left atrial interface and the apical interface have the same structure, both including an outer tube, and the outer tube has the same structure as the tube body.
[0010] The heart supporting platform includes a threaded rod, a middle height adjusting piece and a steering ball rack. The middle height adjusting piece is provided with an internal threaded hole matching the threaded rod. The lower end of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the small hole. A ball socket is provided on the top of the middle height adjusting piece. The steering ball rack includes a steering ball and a supporting rack. The steering ball is located in the ball socket. A steering ball positioning rotating rod is installed on the side wall of the ball socket. The supporting rack is installed on the upper part of the steering ball and extends out through the open opening of the bottom plate.
[0011] The upper inner side of the box has an inner extension platform at four corners for supporting the thorax model assembly, and the bottom plate of the thorax model assembly is installed on the inner extension platform. The thorax model has two detachable modules: the first detachable module is located in the middle of the sternum, in a U shape, including the sternum, the 1st to 7th rib cartilages and part of the connected ribs. After removing the module, the open space is close to the state of the mid-thoracotomy coronary artery bypass surgery. The second detachable module is located on the left front and outside of the thorax, near the mid-clavicular line, across the 3rd to 5th intercostal space.
[0012] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the simulator realizes a highly realistic coronary artery bypass surgery simulation in a concise and efficient architecture, and has the following advantages: 1. The structure is simple and easy to assemble, which can save the user's preparation time; 2. The experimental consumables are animal hearts, which are easy to obtain and affordable, and can reduce the cost of conducting experiments; 3. The structure of the animal heart is similar to that of the human heart. After the circulatory system is constructed, the heart is in a beating state, and the blood in the coronary artery is filled and flowing, which is similar to real human surgery; 4. The experimental device is adjustable in many directions, and can be adjusted after obtaining animal hearts of different specifications, so as to provide an environment close to real surgery.
[0013] The simulated blood flows from the reservoir through the pipeline into the left atrium and left ventricle, is drawn by the plunger pump at the apex of the heart, and then pumped back to the left ventricle. It flows through the left ventricular outflow tract and the aortic valve to the ascending aorta and then flows into the reservoir, forming a circulation and filling the coronary artery. At the same time, the extraction and pumping of blood into the ventricle causes the animal's ventricle to contract and relax, which is similar to the scenario of non-pumping coronary artery bypass grafting. If you want to simulate coronary artery bypass grafting without beating your heart, you only need to fix and adjust the animal's heart. In addition, the chest is covered on the top of the experimental box to simulate the incision and surgical field of coronary artery bypass grafting. The application of this system can efficiently simulate the main and core steps of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, providing an equipment foundation for skill training and surgery promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiment of the utility model, the embodiment will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the coronary artery bypass surgery simulator provided by the utility model.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the coronary artery bypass surgery simulator provided by the utility model (without the thorax).
[0017] Figure 3 This is a left side structural schematic diagram of the coronary artery bypass grafting surgery simulator provided by the utility model (without the thorax).
[0018] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the thorax model component of the utility model.
[0019] Figure 5A The structure of the heart support platform of the utility model is shown in FIG. Figure 1 .
[0020] Figure 5B The structure of the heart support platform of the utility model is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .
[0021] Fig. 6A The structure of the fixed bracket of the utility model is shown in FIG. Figure 1 .
[0022] Figure 6B The structure of the fixed bracket of the utility model is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .
[0023] Figure 6C The structure of the fixed bracket of the utility model is shown in FIG. Figure 3 .
[0024] Fig. 7A Schematic diagram of the ascending aorta interface of the present invention Figure 1 :
[0025] Figure 7B Schematic diagram of the ascending aorta interface of the present invention Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following examples are merely used to illustrate possible implementations of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention, so it is necessary to make it clear in advance.
[0027] like Figures 1 to 7BAs shown, a coronary artery bypass surgery simulator of the utility model is used to simulate coronary artery bypass surgery for doctors and related technicians and researchers, increase their familiarity with the surgical process and practice related operations, so as to improve the safety and effectiveness of real human surgery. It includes a box 1, a heart support platform 2, a thoracic model component 3, an ascending aorta pipeline system 4, a left atrium pipeline system 5, a fluid storage tank 6, an apex pipeline system 7 and a plunger pump 8. A positioning plate 11 is provided in the middle and lower part of the box 1, and the positioning plate 11 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes 111. The bottom of the heart support platform 2 is installed at the small hole, the ascending aorta pipeline system 4, the left atrial pipeline system 5, and the apical pipeline system 7 are arranged around the outside of the heart support platform 2 and installed at the small hole, the ascending aorta pipeline system 4 and the left atrial pipeline system 5 are connected to the fluid storage tank 6, the apical pipeline system 7 is connected to the plunger pump 8, and the thoracic model assembly 3 includes a bottom plate 31 installed on the top of the box body and a thoracic model 32 installed on the bottom plate, and the inner side of the thoracic model of the bottom plate 31 is provided with an open port 311.
[0028] The ascending aorta pipeline system 4 includes a fixed bracket A41, an ascending aorta interface 42 and an ascending aorta pipeline 43. The lower end of the fixed bracket A41 is installed at the small hole. The ascending aorta interface 42 is installed on the fixed bracket A41. One end of the ascending aorta interface 42 is connected to one end of the ascending aorta pipeline 43. The other end of the ascending aorta pipeline 43 is connected to the liquid storage tank 6. The left atrium pipeline system includes a fixed bracket B51, a left atrium interface 52 and a left atrium pipeline 53. The lower end of the fixed bracket B51 is installed at The left atrium interface 52 is mounted on the fixed bracket B51 at the small hole, one end of the left atrium interface 52 is connected to one end of the left atrium pipeline 53, and the other end of the left atrium pipeline 53 is connected to the liquid storage tank; the apical pipeline system includes a fixed bracket C71, an apical interface 72 and an apical pipeline 73, the lower end of the fixed bracket C71 is mounted at the small hole, the apical interface 72 is mounted on the fixed bracket C71, one end of the apical interface 72 is connected to one end of the apical pipeline 73, and the other end of the apical pipeline 73 is connected to the plunger pump 8. The fixed brackets A, B, and C extend out through the open mouth of the bottom plate.
[0029] like Figures 6A to 6C As shown, the fixed bracket A41, the fixed bracket B51 and the fixed bracket C71 have the same structure, and the fixed bracket A41 includes a threaded base 411, a support rod 412, an adjustment seat 413 and a pipe clamp 414, and the lower end of the support rod 412 is connected to the threaded base 411. The pipe clamp 414 includes a fixing ring and a positioning screw, and the positioning screw is rotated to fix the ascending aorta interface 42 inserted in the fixing ring.
[0030] The threaded base 411 is screwed into the small hole, and an adjustment seat 413 is sleeved on the upper part of the support rod 412. The position height of the ascending aorta interface 42 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the adjustment seat on the support rod. The adjustment seat 413 is installed with a pipe clamp 414, and the ascending aorta interface 42 is clamped in the pipe clamp 414 to adjust its position by fixing the fixing brackets A, B, and C in different positioning holes.
[0031] The ascending aorta interface 42 includes a tube body 421 and a valve 422. The conical front end of the tube body is connected to the ascending aorta pipeline 43. The valve 422 is located in the tube cavity of the tube body. The end of the tube body 42 is provided with a groove 423. The left atrium interface 52 has the same structure as the apex interface 72, and includes an outer tube. The structure of the outer tube is the same as that of the tube body. The valve in the ascending aorta interface can be used to adjust the flow rate inside the interface, thereby adjusting the blood flow and the heart afterload pressure. Combined with the periodic changes of blood inside the left ventricle, the high-pressure and low-pressure circulation of blood when flowing through the ascending aorta is simulated, so that the ascending aorta pulsates.
[0032] The ascending aorta interface 42, the left atrium interface 52 and the apex interface 72 are connected in series with the heart, so that the simulated blood forms a circulation in the left atrium, the left ventricle and the ascending aorta, and the end of the ascending aorta interface is used to connect and fix the ascending aorta. When conducting an experiment, the ascending aorta of the animal heart is sheathed on the ascending aorta interface, and the ascending aorta is locked at the groove using a fixed tie. The front end conical spout structure of the tube body is connected to the ascending aorta road pipe, so that blood is guided back to the fluid storage tank from the ascending aorta. The rear end of the left atrium interface is used to connect and fix the left atrium, and its end is a groove. When conducting an experiment, the left atrium of the animal heart is sheathed on the left atrium interface, and the left atrium is locked at the groove using a fixed tie. The end of the apex interface is used to connect and fix the left ventricle and is connected to the apex, and the front end is connected to the apex pipeline, which is used to draw blood in the left ventricle into the plunger pump, and the plunger pump re-pulses into the left ventricle.
[0033] Described heart supporting platform 2 comprises threaded rod 21, middle height adjusting member 22 and steering ball rack 23, this middle height adjusting member is provided with internal threaded hole, matches with this threaded rod, the lower end of this threaded rod is threadedly connected at the small hole, the top of this middle height adjusting member is provided with ball socket, this steering ball rack 23 comprises steering ball 231 and cradle 232, this steering ball is located in ball socket, the side wall of its ball socket is installed with steering ball positioning rotating rod 24, this cradle is installed in the middle of the open mouth 311 of base plate on the top of steering ball. Depending on the size of experimental animal heart and the corresponding position with thorax, this heart supporting platform can be fixed in suitable position. The height can be adjusted by rotating the middle height adjusting member. The orientation of the cradle above can be controlled by adjusting the steering ball. Use the steering ball positioning rotating rod to lock and fix after selecting suitable position, and the animal heart is placed on the cradle.
[0034] The upper inner side of the box 1 has an inner extension platform for supporting the thorax model assembly 3 at four corners, and the bottom plate 31 of the thorax model assembly is placed on the inner extension platform. The thorax model adopts the size of an adult thorax, and a coronal section is made horizontally from the posterior axillary line, and only the structure of the front side of the section is used. The bottom of the thorax model is provided with a bottom plate extending horizontally outward to support the thorax model, and the middle part of the bottom plate is provided with an open mouth. In order to simulate the space and approach during coronary artery bypass surgery, the thorax model 32 has two detachable modules: the first detachable module 321 is located in the middle of the sternum, in a U shape, including the sternum, the 1st to 7th rib cartilages and part of the connected ribs. After removing the module, the open space is close to the state during the mid-thoracotomy coronary artery bypass surgery. The second detachable module 322 is located on the left anterior and outer side of the thorax, near the mid-clavicular line, and across the 3rd to 5th intercostal space. The incision after the module is removed is close to most scenarios of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery. The intercostal spaces of the thoracic cage model are similar to those of a real human body, and other non-essential surgical simulation equipment (such as stabilizers, light sources), pipes, etc. can be placed in each intercostal space.
[0035] The heart used in the simulator of the utility model can be derived from animal donors such as pigs, and should not be too small. When obtaining the experimental heart, the mitral valve, aortic valve, and left ventricle must be kept intact; the left atrium should be kept as intact as possible to ensure a good connection with the left atrium interface and maintain the sealing of the left heart system; the ascending aorta should be retained for connection with the ascending aorta interface.
[0036] In this simulator, the experimental animal's heart is placed on a support, and the ascending aorta, left atrium, and apex are connected to corresponding interfaces. These structures together achieve a stable position of the heart without blocking the surgical area.
[0037] In the utility model, a plunger pump is used as a pressure generator. The plunger pump is connected to the left ventricle through an apical interface and an apical pipeline. When the piston in the plunger pump moves to form a negative pressure, the liquid in the ventricle is sucked into the plunger pump through the apical interface, and two effects are produced at the same time: 1. The low pressure in the ventricle is reduced, prompting the liquid in the left atrium to flow to the left ventricle; 2. The ventricular cavity shrinks, forming a morphological change similar to the heart's contraction period. When the piston in the pump moves to form a positive pressure, the liquid in the pump is squeezed and pushed back to the left ventricle, and two effects are produced at the same time: 1. The pressure in the left ventricle increases, causing the mitral valve to close and the aortic valve to open, simulating the blood flow from the apex of the left ventricle to the ascending aorta; 2. The ventricular cavity expands, forming a morphological change similar to the heart's diastole. When the plunger pump completes a working cycle, the experimental animal's heart will form a contraction and diastole change, simulating a cardiac cycle.
[0038] The simulated blood flow enters the coronary artery orifice at the root of the aorta, filling the coronary artery. At the same time, the pressure change in the ventricle makes the ventricle show similar diastolic and systolic movements. This scenario highly restores the environment of coronary artery bypass grafting under beating heart. Doctors and researchers can simulate most of the operations and core steps, including coronary artery positioning and exposure, shunt plug placement, distal anastomosis and proximal anastomosis of the graft vessel, etc. If you want to simulate coronary artery bypass grafting under heart arrest, you only need to connect the ascending aorta and the interface for fixation, without connecting other structures, which further shortens the preparation time.
[0039] In the utility model, the animal heart and the simulation device are connected in series to simulate heart beats and coronary blood flow, and the thorax model and the box can provide the incision and field of view of coronary artery bypass grafting, thus meeting the basis for simulating the operation. Doctors and researchers can use this simulator to perform efficient, realistic and comprehensive coronary artery bypass grafting simulations, improving the safety and efficiency of real operations.
Claims
1. A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a box body, a heart supporting platform, a thoracic model assembly, an ascending aorta pipeline system, a left atrial pipeline system, a fluid storage tank, an apical pipeline system and a plunger pump. A positioning plate is provided at the middle and lower part of the box body, and the positioning plate is provided with a plurality of small holes. The bottom of the heart supporting platform is installed at the small holes. The ascending aorta pipeline system, the left atrial pipeline system and the apical pipeline system are arranged around the outer side of the heart supporting platform and installed at the small holes. The ascending aorta pipeline system and the left atrial pipeline system are both connected with the fluid storage tank. The apical pipeline system is connected with the plunger pump. The thoracic model assembly comprises a bottom plate installed on the top of the box body and a thoracic model installed on the bottom plate. An opening is provided on the inner side of the thoracic model of the bottom plate.
2. A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ascending aorta pipeline system includes a fixed bracket A, an ascending aorta interface and an ascending aorta pipeline. The lower end of the fixed bracket A is installed at the small hole, the ascending aorta interface is installed on the top of the fixed bracket A, one end of the ascending aorta interface is connected to one end of the ascending aorta pipeline, and the other end of the ascending aorta pipeline is connected to a liquid storage tank; the left atrium pipeline system includes a fixed bracket B, a left atrium interface and a left atrium pipeline. The lower end of the fixed bracket B is installed at the small hole, the left atrium interface is installed on the top of the fixed bracket B, one end of the left atrium interface is connected to one end of the left atrium pipeline, and the other end of the left atrium pipeline is connected to a liquid storage tank; the apex pipeline system includes a fixed bracket C, an apex interface and an apex pipeline. The lower end of the fixed bracket C is installed at the small hole, the apex interface is installed on the top of the fixed bracket C, one end of the apex interface is connected to one end of the apex pipeline, and the other end of the apex pipeline is connected to a plunger pump.
3. A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed bracket A, the fixed bracket B and the fixed bracket C have the same structure. The fixed bracket A includes a threaded base, a support rod, an adjustment seat and a pipe clamp. The lower end of the support rod is connected to the threaded base, and the threaded base is screwed to the small hole. The upper part of the support rod is sleeved with an adjustment seat, and the adjustment seat is installed with a pipe clamp. The pipe clamp has an ascending aorta interface. The fixed bracket A, the fixed bracket B and the fixed bracket C extend out through the open opening of the bottom plate.
4. A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The ascending aorta interface includes a tube body and a valve, wherein one end of the tube body is conical and connected to the ascending aorta pipeline, the valve is located in the tube cavity of the tube body, and the other end of the tube body is provided with a groove; the left atrial interface and the apical interface have the same structure, both including an outer tube, and the outer tube has the same structure as the tube body.
5. A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heart supporting platform includes a threaded rod, a middle height adjusting piece and a steering ball rack. The middle height adjusting piece is provided with an internal threaded hole matching the threaded rod. The lower end of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the small hole. A ball socket is provided on the top of the middle height adjusting piece. The steering ball rack includes a steering ball and a supporting rack. The steering ball is located in the ball socket. A steering ball positioning rotating rod is installed on the side wall of the ball socket. The supporting rack is installed on the upper part of the steering ball and extends out through the open opening of the bottom plate.
6. A coronary artery bypass surgery simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper inner side of the box body is provided with an inner extension platform for supporting the thoracic model assembly at the four corners, and the bottom plate of the thoracic model assembly is mounted on the inner extension platform. The thoracic model has two detachable modules: the first detachable module is located in the middle of the sternum and is U-shaped, including the sternum, the 1st to 7th rib cartilages and part of the connected ribs. After removing the module, the space opened is close to the state during the mid-thoracotomy coronary artery bypass surgery. The second detachable module is located on the left anterior and lateral side of the thorax, near the mid-clavicular line, and spans the 3rd to 5th intercostal spaces.