Electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to an electric vehicle which comprises a battery pack, a driving motor and a battery heater, the battery pack comprises a first battery and a second battery, the first battery is used for supplying power to the driving motor to provide power, and the battery heater is used for heating the first battery. The second batteries are used for supplying power to the battery heater, the first batteries are arranged in a preset array, and the second batteries are arranged in gaps among the first batteries. According to the electric vehicle, the battery capacity and the battery density in unit space can be improved, and the endurance mileage of the electric vehicle is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As a new energy vehicle, electric vehicles are powered by power batteries, and the cruising range is an important indicator of electric vehicles. In the relevant technology, in order to increase the cruising range, the volume of the power battery is usually increased. In order to improve the performance of the power battery in a low temperature environment, electric vehicles are usually equipped with a heater powered by the power battery to preheat the power battery in a low temperature environment, thereby affecting the cruising range of the electric vehicle. In addition, the increase in the volume of the power battery results in a larger space occupied by the power battery, and the battery capacity and battery density per unit space are low. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the utility model provides an electric vehicle, which can increase the battery capacity and battery density per unit space, thereby increasing the cruising range of the electric vehicle.

[0005] An electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the utility model comprises: a battery pack, a drive motor and a battery heater, wherein the battery pack comprises a first battery and a second battery, wherein the first battery is used to supply power to the drive motor to provide power, the battery heater is used to heat the first battery, and the second battery is used to supply power to the battery heater, the first batteries are arranged in a predetermined array, and the second batteries are arranged in the gaps between the first batteries.

[0006] According to the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model, the battery pack integrates the first battery and the second battery, the first battery can be used as a power battery to supply power to the drive motor to provide power, and the second battery can supply power to the battery heater to improve the performance of the first battery in a low temperature environment. Therefore, the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model does not need to supply power to the battery heater through the first battery, thereby improving the cruising range of the electric vehicle. In addition, since the second battery is arranged in the gap between the first batteries, it is not necessary to increase the volume of the original battery pack, and the second battery can be installed by utilizing the gap between the first batteries, thereby improving the battery capacity and battery density per unit space.

[0007] Therefore, the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model can improve the battery capacity and battery density per unit space, and increase the cruising range of the electric vehicle.

[0008] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the first battery is greater than the outer diameter of the second battery, and / or the height of the first battery is higher than the height of the second battery, and / or the capacity of a single first battery is greater than the capacity of a single second battery, and / or the energy density of a single first battery is greater than the energy density of a single second battery.

[0009] In some embodiments, the electric vehicle further includes a first battery management system and a second battery management system, wherein the first battery management system is connected to the first battery, and the second battery management system is connected to the second battery.

[0010] In some embodiments, the predetermined array includes a plurality of first battery rows extending along a first direction and a plurality of first battery columns extending along a second direction, and a single second battery is disposed in each gap between four adjacent first batteries.

[0011] In some embodiments, outer side walls of adjacent first batteries in the same row abut against each other, outer side walls of adjacent first batteries in the same column abut against each other, and outer side walls of the second batteries abut against outer side walls of the first batteries.

[0012] In some embodiments, the predetermined array includes a plurality of first battery rows extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and the second batteries are arranged into a plurality of second battery rows extending along the first direction, and the second battery rows are disposed in the gaps between two adjacent first battery rows.

[0013] In some embodiments, the rated voltage of the first battery is in the range of 100V-3000V, and the rated voltage of the second battery is in the range of 12V-400V.

[0014] In some embodiments, any one of the first battery and the second battery is a pouch battery, a prismatic battery, or a cylindrical battery.

[0015] In some embodiments, any one of the first battery and the second battery is a ternary battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium manganese oxide battery, a sodium ion battery, or a solid-state battery.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first battery is a 4680 cylindrical ternary lithium battery and the second battery is a 18650 cylindrical sodium ion battery; or, the first battery is a 4695 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate battery and the second battery is a 18650 cylindrical ternary lithium battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a battery pack of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery pack of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0020] Reference numerals:

[0021] 100. Battery pack;

[0022] 101, first battery; 111, first battery row; 112, first battery column; 113, installation gap;

[0023] 102. Second battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0025] Please refer to the following Figures 1 to 3 An electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0026] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model includes a battery pack 100, a drive motor (not shown) and a battery heater (not shown), the battery pack 100 includes a first battery 101 and a second battery 102, the first battery 101 is used to supply power to the drive motor to provide power, the battery heater is used to heat the first battery 101, and the second battery 102 is used to supply power to the battery heater, the first batteries 101 are arranged in a predetermined array, and the second batteries 102 are arranged in the gaps between the first batteries 101.

[0027] According to the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model, the battery pack 100 integrates the first battery 101 and the second battery 102. The first battery 101 can be used as a power battery to power the drive motor to provide power, and the second battery 102 can power the battery heater to improve the performance of the first battery 101 in a low temperature environment. Therefore, the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model does not need to power the battery heater through the first battery 101, thereby improving the cruising range of the electric vehicle. In addition, since the second battery 102 is arranged in the gap between the first batteries 101, it is not necessary to increase the volume of the original battery pack 100, and the second battery 102 can be installed by using the gap between the first batteries 101, thereby improving the battery capacity and battery density per unit space. Therefore, the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model can improve the battery capacity and battery density per unit space, and increase the cruising range of the electric vehicle.

[0028] For example, the battery heater may be an electric heating sheet, an electric heating wire or an electric heating tube, or may be a liquid working fluid heating pipeline or the like.

[0029] It is understandable that the first battery 101 can be used as a power battery for an electric vehicle, and the second battery 102 can be used as an auxiliary battery for an electric vehicle. In low temperature conditions, due to the poor low temperature performance of the first battery 101 (power battery) itself, the charging speed of the power battery system slows down and the discharge energy is significantly reduced. The electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model supplies power to the battery heater through the second battery 102, and the battery heater heats and keeps the first battery 101 warm, thereby eliminating the need to consume the power of the first battery 101 to power the battery heater, thereby increasing the charging speed and range of the electric vehicle.

[0030] Specifically, the electric vehicle further includes a first battery management system and a second battery management system, wherein the first battery management system is connected to a plurality of first batteries 101, and the second battery management system is connected to a plurality of second batteries 102. The plurality of first batteries 101 may be connected in parallel or in series, and the plurality of second batteries 102 may be connected in parallel or in series.

[0031] It is understandable that the first battery 101 and the second battery 102 work independently and are managed and controlled by the first battery management system and the second battery management system respectively. Compared with the solution of arranging the second battery 102 (auxiliary battery) outside the battery pack 100, the present application can reduce the layout of the lines and reduce the failure rate. And the above-mentioned structural arrangement can make the battery pack 100 have different functional domains and energy domains, thereby improving the degree of integration of the battery pack 100.

[0032] Compared with the capacity of the auxiliary battery, the first battery 101 as a power battery needs to store larger electric energy. Therefore, the total capacity of the first battery 101 needs to be greater than the total capacity of the second battery 102.

[0033] Specifically, the capacity of a single first battery 101 is greater than the capacity of a single second battery 102 , thereby increasing the total capacity of the first battery 101 and ensuring a balance between energy supply and demand within the battery pack 100 .

[0034] For example, the outer diameter of the first battery 101 is greater than the outer diameter of the second battery 102, so the capacity of the first battery 101 can be increased by increasing the outer diameter of the battery. For another example, the height of the first battery 101 is higher than the height of the second battery 102, so the capacity of the first battery 101 can be increased by increasing the height of the battery, and the arrangement structure of the second battery 102 will not form an empty space inside the battery pack 100, which is conducive to improving the battery capacity and battery density per unit space of the battery pack 100.

[0035] In other examples, the energy density of a single first battery 101 is greater than the energy density of a single second battery 102. It is understandable that the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model increases the energy density of a single first battery 101 so that the first battery 101 (power battery) stores more electric energy. Since the second battery 102 is used as an auxiliary battery to power the battery heater, the second battery 102 does not need to be set to a higher energy density, thereby reducing the production cost of the battery pack 100.

[0036] Optionally, the electric vehicle includes a control circuit, the second battery management system is connected to the control circuit, and the second battery 102 can supply power to the control circuit through the second battery management system. It can be understood that the first battery 101 is used as a power battery or a main energy storage battery, which is mainly responsible for the external energy input and output of the battery system. The second battery 102 is used as a non-power battery or a non-main energy storage battery, which is mainly responsible for realizing auxiliary functions. For example, the second battery 102 can assist in starting the control circuit, supply power to the control circuit and the battery heater, and smooth out the power fluctuations of charging and discharging.

[0037] In some embodiments, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the predetermined array includes a first direction (such as Figure 2 A plurality of first battery rows 111 extending in the A direction and along the second direction (such as Figure 2A plurality of first battery columns 112 extending in the B direction in the figure are provided, and a single second battery 102 is respectively provided in the gap between four adjacent first batteries 101. It should be noted that the first direction and the second direction can be arranged orthogonally or at any other angle. The extension direction of the first direction and the second direction can be arranged according to the specific structure of the battery pack 100.

[0038] It can be understood that “four adjacent first batteries 101” means “four adjacent first batteries 101 arranged in the first direction and the second direction”. An installation gap 113 is formed in the four adjacent first batteries 101 to be filled with a single second battery 102. In this way, the space of the battery pack 100 can be fully utilized, thereby improving the battery capacity and battery density per unit space of the battery pack 100.

[0039] In other examples, a plurality of second batteries 102 may also be filled in the installation gap 113 formed in four adjacent first batteries 101 , which is not limited in the present application.

[0040] Alternatively, if Figure 3 As shown, the outer side walls of adjacent first batteries 101 in the same row abut against each other, the outer side walls of adjacent first batteries 101 in the same column abut against each other, and the outer side walls of the second batteries 102 abut against the outer side walls of the first batteries 101. It can be understood that the outer side walls of the second batteries 102 abut against the outer side walls of the adjacent first batteries 101 in the same row and the outer side walls of the adjacent first batteries 101 in the same column at the same time. On the one hand, the internal space of the battery pack 100 can be saved, the size of the battery pack 100 can be reduced, and the overall volume energy density of the battery pack 100 can be improved. On the other hand, the four adjacent first batteries 101 can jointly clamp and fix the second batteries 102 in the gaps therebetween to improve the stability of the overall installation of the battery pack 100.

[0041] In another embodiment, the predetermined array includes a plurality of first battery rows 111 extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and the second batteries 102 are arranged into a plurality of second battery rows extending along the first direction, and the second battery rows are disposed in the gaps between two adjacent first battery rows 111 .

[0042] Specifically, the first battery row 111 includes a plurality of first batteries 101 arranged in sequence along the first direction. The second battery row includes a plurality of second batteries 102 arranged in sequence along the first direction. An installation gap 113 is formed between two adjacent first battery rows 111, and the second battery row is installed in the installation gap 113 formed between the two adjacent first battery rows 111. It can be understood that the first battery row 111 and the second battery row are alternately arranged in the second direction so that the battery pack 100 forms different functional domains and energy domains.

[0043] In the example of the present application, the rated voltage of the first battery 101 is in the range of 100V-3000V, and the rated voltage of the second battery 102 is in the range of 12V-400V. It is understandable that the higher the rated voltage of the first battery 101, the higher its power, and thus the greater the speed and power output of the drive motor. The electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model can have higher motion performance by designing the rated voltage of the first battery 101 in the range of 100V-3000V. In addition, the rated voltage of the second battery 102 is designed to be in the range of 12V-400V, so that the second battery 102 can meet the requirements of starting the control circuit, supplying power to the control circuit and the battery heater, and smoothing the power fluctuations of charging and discharging.

[0044] Optionally, any one of the first battery 101 and the second battery 102 is a soft-pack battery, a prismatic battery, or a cylindrical battery. It is understood that the battery type of the first battery 101 can be a soft-pack battery, a prismatic battery, or a cylindrical battery, and the battery shape of the second battery 102 can be a soft-pack battery, a prismatic battery, or a cylindrical battery. The present application does not limit the specific battery shapes of the first battery 101 and the second battery 102 to expand the scope of application of the battery pack 100.

[0045] For example, depending on the functions and performances achieved by the battery pack 100, any one of the first battery 101 and the second battery 102 is a ternary battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium manganese oxide battery, a sodium ion battery, or a solid-state battery. The present application does not limit the specific battery types of the first battery 101 and the second battery 102.

[0046] In one example, the first battery 101 is a 4680 cylindrical ternary lithium battery, and the second battery 102 is a 18650 cylindrical sodium ion battery.

[0047] Specifically, 18650 cylindrical sodium-ion batteries are arranged in all the stacking gaps of 4680 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries. The single cell capacity of the 4680 cylindrical ternary lithium battery is 25Ah, and the single cell energy density is 248Wh / kg. The 4680 cylindrical ternary lithium battery 6P / 108S constitutes the power energy domain (first battery 101) of the battery pack 100, and the system rated energy is 59.13KWh. 594pcs18650 cylindrical sodium-ion batteries are arranged in the gaps between the 4680 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries to form an auxiliary heating energy domain (second battery 102). The single cell capacity of the 18650 cylindrical sodium-ion battery is 1.5Ah, the total rated energy is 2.67KWh, and the battery -20°C discharge capacity retention rate is 91%. The inventors of this application have shown through experimental tests that the above-mentioned auxiliary energy domain can increase the battery system temperature from -20°C to 5°C within 30 minutes, and the discharge energy is increased by 20%.

[0048] In another example, the first battery 101 is a 4695 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate battery and the second battery 102 is a 18650 cylindrical ternary lithium battery.

[0049] Specifically, 18650 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries are arranged in the gaps of all arrays of 4695 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the single cell capacity of 4695 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries is 20Ah. 4695 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries 6P / 108S constitute the power energy domain (first battery 101) of the battery pack, and the system rated energy is 59.13KWh. 594pcs 18650 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries are arranged in the gaps between the 4695 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries to form the auxiliary power energy domain (second battery 102). The single cell capacity of 18650 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries is 1.5Ah. The auxiliary energy domain adopts a 48V architecture, which can smooth out 120KW of pulse power.

[0050] In other examples, the first battery 101 has a square structure, and the second battery 102 has a cylindrical or soft-pack structure. The first battery 101 is a 96S / 150Ah ternary lithium-ion battery, and the second battery 102 is a 12V / 50Ah lithium iron phosphate battery. The second battery 102 serves as a power supply auxiliary battery for the battery management system of the first battery 101.

[0051] In summary, the electric vehicle of the embodiment of the utility model can make full use of the gap in the first battery 101 to arrange the second battery 102 of different sizes or systems, forming an independent energy domain with different functions inside the battery pack 100, and realizing a high degree of integration of functions and energy. The second battery 102 can power the battery heater to improve the performance of the first battery 101 in a low temperature environment, and can increase the battery capacity and battery density per unit space.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0053] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0054] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0056] In the present utility model, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0057] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and cannot be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: include: A battery pack, a drive motor and a battery heater, wherein the battery pack includes a first battery and a second battery, the first battery is used to supply power to the drive motor to provide power, the battery heater is used to heat the first battery, and the second battery is used to supply power to the battery heater, the first batteries are arranged in a predetermined array, and the second batteries are arranged in gaps between the first batteries.

2. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the first battery is greater than the outer diameter of the second battery, and / or the height of the first battery is higher than the height of the second battery, and / or the capacity of a single first battery is greater than the capacity of a single second battery, and / or the energy density of a single first battery is greater than the energy density of a single second battery.

3. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a first battery management system and a second battery management system, wherein the first battery management system is connected to the first battery, and the second battery management system is connected to the second battery.

4. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predetermined array includes a plurality of first battery rows extending along a first direction and a plurality of first battery columns extending along a second direction, and a single second battery is disposed in each gap between four adjacent first batteries.

5. The electric vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer side walls of adjacent first batteries in the same row abut against each other, the outer side walls of adjacent first batteries in the same column abut against each other, and the outer side walls of the second batteries abut against the outer side walls of the first batteries.

6. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predetermined array includes a plurality of first battery rows extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the second batteries are arranged in a plurality of second battery rows extending along the first direction, and the second battery rows are disposed in gaps between two adjacent first battery rows.

7. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rated voltage of the first battery is in the range of 100V-3000V, and the rated voltage of the second battery is in the range of 12V-400V.

8. The electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Any one of the first battery and the second battery is a pouch battery, a prismatic battery, or a cylindrical battery.

9. The electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Any one of the first battery and the second battery is a ternary battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium manganese oxide battery, a sodium ion battery or a solid-state battery.

10. The electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first battery is a 4680 cylindrical ternary lithium battery and the second battery is a 18650 cylindrical sodium ion battery; or, the first battery is a 4695 cylindrical lithium iron phosphate battery and the second battery is a 18650 cylindrical ternary lithium battery.

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