Building photovoltaic component with sunshade and ventilation functions

Abstract

The utility model relates to a building photovoltaic component with sun-shading and ventilation functions. The building photovoltaic component comprises a steel skeleton, a ventilation unit, a sun-shading unit and a photovoltaic power generation unit, the ventilation unit, the sunshade unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit are all of a modular assembly connection structure. One end of the steel framework is fixed on the main body structure, and the other end is hung on the outdoor side of the glass curtain wall; the sunshade unit covers the surface of the steel framework, is fixedly connected to the steel framework and is used for shielding sunlight entering the glass curtain wall; the photovoltaic power generation unit is fixed on the sunshade unit, located at the top of the steel framework and used for solar power generation; the ventilation unit is arranged on the glass curtain wall and the steel framework and used for indoor and outdoor ventilation. The component integrates three core unit parts of ventilation, sunshade and power generation, and is integrated with an attached main body structure, so that the problems that the opening of a curtain wall facade affects the building facade effect, the component function is single and the function integration degree is low are solved, and the component is particularly suitable for south, east and west facades of low-rise, multi-rise and high-rise buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of green and low-carbon buildings, and relates to a building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions. Background Art

[0002] Building shading, ventilation technology and renewable energy applications are widely used in the field of green and low-carbon buildings as passive, low-cost, green and sustainable building technologies. The current national standards such as "General Specification for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization" GB55015-2021, "Technical Standard for Nearly Zero Energy Consumption Buildings" GB / T51350-219 and "Green Building Evaluation Standard" GB / T 50378-2019 put forward specific application requirements for the use of natural ventilation, shading systems and solar energy systems, such as: New buildings should be installed with solar energy systems, and Class A public buildings in hot summers and warm winters or hot summers and cold winters should take shading measures for south, east and west facing windows and light-transmitting curtain walls. The external windows (including light-transmitting curtain walls) of the main functional rooms of public buildings should be equipped with openable window sashes or ventilation devices.

[0003] At present, measures such as shading of facade components, shading of hollow blinds, movable external shading systems, opening windows, mechanical ventilation, fresh air systems, and installing photovoltaic panels on roofs or skylights and facades to realize the utilization of solar energy are widely used. However, these individual measures have low technical integration, prominent problems such as incoordination in building energy consumption, noise, field of view, and facade effects, lack of systematic solutions to shading, ventilation, and power generation, and increased costs, which have prevented them from being promoted and applied on a large scale. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the utility model is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a building photovoltaic component with both shading and ventilation functions, which can solve the problems of shading, ventilation and solar energy utilization and meet the quantitative index requirements of standard specifications.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions, comprising a steel frame, a ventilation unit, a sunshade unit, and a photovoltaic power generation unit; the ventilation unit, the sunshade unit, and the photovoltaic power generation unit all adopt a modular assembly connection structure;

[0007] One end of the steel frame is fixed to the main structure, and the other end is suspended on the outdoor side of the glass curtain wall; the sunshade unit covers the surface of the steel frame and is fixedly connected to the steel frame to block the sunlight entering the glass curtain wall; the photovoltaic power generation unit is fixed to the sunshade unit and is located on the top of the steel frame for solar power generation; the ventilation unit is arranged on the glass curtain wall and the steel frame for indoor and outdoor ventilation;

[0008] The steel frame is in the shape of a right-angled trapezoid, with a top being a hypotenuse, a side close to the glass curtain wall being an inner side, a side away from the glass curtain wall being an outer side, and a bottom being a base, and the height of the outer side is less than the height of the inner side; a ventilation unit is provided on the side of the base close to the glass curtain wall, and the sunshade unit covers the right-angled trapezoid, with one end thereof butting against the glass curtain wall, and the other end extending in sequence along the hypotenuse, the outer side, and the base of the right-angled trapezoid, and butting against the ventilation unit of the base; the photovoltaic power generation unit is placed obliquely above the hypotenuse.

[0009] Furthermore, the ventilation unit is a ventilation louver; the ventilation louver on the glass curtain wall is arranged at the inner side of the glass curtain wall located at the right-angled trapezoid, and the glass curtain wall is also provided with an opening fan located outside the ventilation louver, and the opening and closing of the ventilation is controlled by the opening fan.

[0010] Furthermore, an air filter is provided on the inner side of the ventilation louvers on the glass curtain wall.

[0011] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation unit is directly fixed on the surface of the sunshade unit or is spliced ​​with the sunshade unit to jointly shield the top of the steel frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation unit includes a photovoltaic component, a photovoltaic frame, and a photovoltaic junction box; the photovoltaic frame is fixedly connected to the sunshade unit, the photovoltaic component is sealed and fixed to the photovoltaic frame by a sealant, and the photovoltaic junction box is arranged below the photovoltaic component.

[0013] Furthermore, the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic component is 10° to 35°.

[0014] Furthermore, the building photovoltaic component with both shading and ventilation functions is installed on the south and / or east and / or west facades of the building.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0016] The utility model adopts modular rapid splicing technology, optimizes the position, shape and size of the photovoltaic component device, adopts ventilation louvers, indoor openable windows and ventilation louvers to form a natural ventilation unit, lays crystalline silicon or thin-film solar photovoltaic components to realize the building's power generation function, and forms a shading function with the main structure through a steel frame and sunshade aluminum panels, which solves the problems that the opening of the curtain wall facade affects the building's exterior facade effect, the component function is single, and the functional integration is not high, and realizes an integrated curtain wall component device for ventilation, shading and power generation photovoltaics.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and research, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention to some extent. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the installation of a building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions.

[0020] Figure 2 , 3 Schematic diagram of two installation methods of photovoltaic components in the utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the air filter in the utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic frame in the utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional installation diagram of a building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions in the utility model.

[0024] Figure 7 The present invention is a flow chart of a design method for a building photovoltaic component having both sunshade and ventilation functions.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1-photovoltaic component; 2-photovoltaic frame; 3-photovoltaic junction box; 4-sealant; 5-sunshade aluminum plate; 6-ventilation louvers; 7-opening fan; 8-glass curtain wall; 9-curtain wall column; 10-main structure; 11-steel frame; 12-air filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementations, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. The following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0027] Among them, the drawings are only used for illustrative explanations, and they only represent schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limitations on the present utility model. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0028] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] See also Figures 1 to 6 , which is a building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions, including a steel frame 11, a ventilation unit, a sunshade unit, and a photovoltaic power generation unit; the ventilation unit, the sunshade unit, and the photovoltaic power generation unit all adopt a modular assembly connection structure;

[0030] One end of the steel frame 11 is fixed to the main structure 10, and the other end is suspended on the outdoor side of the glass curtain wall 8; the glass curtain wall 8 is fixed to the main structure 10 through the curtain wall columns 9. The sunshade unit covers the surface of the steel frame 11 and is fixedly connected to the steel frame 11 to block the sunlight entering the glass curtain wall 8; the photovoltaic power generation unit is fixed to the sunshade unit and is located on the top of the steel frame for solar power generation; the ventilation unit is set on the glass curtain wall and the steel frame for indoor and outdoor ventilation;

[0031] The steel frame is in the shape of a right-angled trapezoid, with the top being a hypotenuse, the side close to the glass curtain wall being an inner side, the side away from the glass curtain wall being an outer side, the bottom being a base, and the height of the outer side being less than the height of the inner side; a ventilation unit is provided on the side of the base close to the glass curtain wall, and the sunshade unit covers the right-angled trapezoid, one end of which is butt-jointed with the glass curtain wall 8, and the other end extends in sequence along the hypotenuse, outer side, and base of the right-angled trapezoid, and is butt-jointed with the ventilation unit of the base, and a hole is opened in the bottom plate; the photovoltaic power generation unit is placed obliquely above the hypotenuse.

[0032] The photovoltaic power generation unit generates a certain amount of heat while converting solar energy into electrical energy. The ventilation unit utilizes the heat dissipation function of the photovoltaic power generation unit and uses the heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation unit to enhance the natural ventilation inside the building.

[0033] The ventilation unit is a ventilation louver 6, and the sunshade unit is a sunshade aluminum plate 5; the ventilation louver 6 on the glass curtain wall 8 is arranged at the inner side of the glass curtain wall at the right-angle trapezoid, and the glass curtain wall 8 is also provided with an opening fan 7 located outside the ventilation louver, and the opening and closing of the ventilation is controlled by the opening fan 7. An air filter 12 is also installed on the inner side of the ventilation louver 6 on the glass curtain wall 8. The ventilation louver 6 and the opening fan 7 are located near the building floor of the curtain wall column 9. This structural setting can maximize the use of the building's indoor layout.

[0034] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, there are two installation methods of the photovoltaic power generation unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit is directly fixed on the surface of the sunshade aluminum plate 5 or is spliced ​​with the sunshade aluminum plate 5 to jointly block the top of the steel frame 11.

[0035] The photovoltaic power generation unit includes a photovoltaic component 1, a photovoltaic frame 2, and a photovoltaic junction box 3; the photovoltaic frame is fixedly connected to the sunshade aluminum plate 5, the photovoltaic component 1 is sealed and fixed to the photovoltaic frame 2 by a sealant 4, and the photovoltaic junction box 3 is arranged below the photovoltaic component 1. The installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic component is 10° to 35°. The photovoltaic component adopts a crystalline silicon or thin film solar photovoltaic component.

[0036] The building photovoltaic component with both shading and ventilation functions can be installed on the south-facing, east-facing and / or west-facing facades of the building.

[0037] See also Figure 7 , which is a flow chart of the design method of the above-mentioned building photovoltaic components with both shading and ventilation functions. According to the functional units of the building photovoltaic components with both shading and ventilation functions, they are divided into shading modules, ventilation modules and power generation modules, and quantitative calculations are performed separately. The shape, position and size of the component suitable for arrangement are determined based on comprehensive considerations of factors such as the climate zone to which the project belongs, solar radiation intensity, building facade orientation, shading and ventilation requirements, building height and wind load, building facade aesthetics, and economy.

[0038] Taking into account the self-load of the photovoltaic component device, the wind load at the building height and the safety in extreme weather conditions, the building photovoltaic components with both shading and ventilation functions in this embodiment are preferentially suitable for the south-facing, east-facing and west-facing facades of low-rise, multi-story and high-rise buildings. The photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the south-facing, east-facing and west-facing facade curtain walls is 70%, 50% and 50% respectively.

[0039] The specific calculation includes the following steps:

[0040] 1) Shading module calculation:

[0041] According to the climate zone, facade orientation and shading coefficient SD specified in the engineering construction standards, the proportional relationship of the building's photovoltaic components is determined by the calculation formula, and combined with the facade effect evaluation, the preliminary horizontal overhang size A and vertical installation height B of the shading module are obtained;

[0042] Ensure that the building's shading coefficient SD ≤ 0.85. The shading coefficient SD is calculated as follows:

[0043] SD=ax 2 +bx+1;

[0044] x = A / B;

[0045] Where: SD-external shading coefficient; shading coefficient SD is not greater than 0.85;

[0046] x-external shading characteristic value, when x≥1, take x=1;

[0047] a, b-fitting coefficients;

[0048] A and B are the structural qualitative dimensions of the external sunshade, A is the horizontal dimension of the sunshade module, and B is the vertical installation height of the sunshade module;

[0049] Among them, the fitting coefficients a and b are determined according to the following table:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, the A and B dimension ratio relationship is determined according to the following formula:

[0052]

[0053] 2) Calculation of power generation module: Determine the installation inclination of photovoltaic components based on the analysis of the solar radiation intensity of the building, and determine the installation length L of the photovoltaic components in combination with the horizontal dimension A of the overhang; and determine the calculation of building photovoltaic power generation and the area of ​​photovoltaic components by considering the application scenario of photovoltaic power generation; determine the preliminary design size of the power generation module through the installation length L of photovoltaic components, the area of ​​photovoltaic components and the economic calculation of photovoltaic investment;

[0054] The size L of the photovoltaic component is determined according to the size of the sunshade module, that is, L = A / COS (a), where a is the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic component;

[0055] The predicted power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system is calculated as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where: Ep-power generation (kWh); H A -Total solar radiation on horizontal surface (kW·h / m 2, peak hours); P Az -PV module installed capacity (kWp); Es-irradiance under standard conditions, taking a constant of 1kW·h / m 2 ; K- comprehensive efficiency coefficient, when the photovoltaic array is installed at the optimal inclination angle, it is 0.75~0.85;

[0058] Among them, the comprehensive efficiency coefficient K = K1×K2×K3×K4×K5×K6×K7×K8;

[0059] Where: K1 is the correction coefficient for the installation inclination and azimuth of the photovoltaic array; K2 is the attenuation correction coefficient for the photovoltaic module; K3 is the temperature correction coefficient for the photovoltaic module; K4 is the surface pollution and shading correction coefficient for the photovoltaic module; K5 is the photovoltaic string adaptation coefficient; K6 is the availability of the photovoltaic system; K7 is the average efficiency of the inverter; K8 is the loss coefficient of the collector line;

[0060] 3) Ventilation module calculation: By comparing the effective ventilation area S1 of the bottom of the steel frame and the effective ventilation area S2 of the glass curtain wall, the overall effective ventilation area S of the component is determined; and further compared and checked with the effective ventilation area index required by the current standards and specifications, and then further considering the wind pressure, thermal pressure and the joint influence of wind pressure and thermal pressure, and combining the influence of the overhang size A and the installation inclination of the photovoltaic component, the design size of the ventilation module is determined;

[0061] Among them, the indoor natural ventilation frequency meets 2 times / hour, and the effective ventilation area is determined by 4% of the room floor axis area;

[0062] The effective ventilation area at the bottom of the steel frame is S1, the effective ventilation area of ​​the glass curtain wall is S2, and the effective ventilation area S of the ventilation module as a whole is the minimum of S1 and S2, that is, S = Min (S1, S2); wherein, the effective ventilation area of ​​the window is calculated according to the different opening angles of the opening sash:

[0063] When the opening angle of the opening sash is ≥70°, its area is calculated based on the area of ​​the window;

[0064] When the opening angle is less than 70°, the area is calculated according to the following formula:

[0065] Fp=d(h+W)

[0066] Where: Fp-effective area of ​​ventilation opening (m 2 ) ; d- the distance from the top or bottom of the opening to its closed position (m); h- the net height of the opening (m); W- the net width of the opening (m);

[0067] At the same time, the height of the openable outer window on the inner side of the ventilation module is less than A×tan(a); wherein A is the horizontal dimension of the overhang of the shading module, and a is the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic component.

[0068] When the photovoltaic components are directly installed on the surface of the sunshade module, natural ventilation is mainly achieved through ventilation wind pressure. The wind pressure of wind pressure ventilation is calculated as follows:

[0069] The calculation formula of wind pressure is:

[0070] Where: p-wind pressure; v-wind speed; ρ e -Outdoor air density; g-gravitational acceleration; K-aerodynamic coefficient;

[0071] When photovoltaic components and sunshade modules are spliced ​​and covered for installation, natural ventilation is mainly achieved through ventilation wind pressure and thermal pressure. The pressure is calculated as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Where: h-height difference between the inlet and outlet center lines; ρ i -Indoor air density; ρ e - outdoor air density; v- wind speed; ρ e -Outdoor air density; g-gravitational acceleration; K-aerodynamic coefficient.

[0074] Finally, taking into account the architectural aesthetics, the final design result is determined by considering the mutual influence of the shading module, ventilation module and power generation module.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the technical solution of the utility model can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions, characterized in that: It includes a steel frame, a ventilation unit, a sunshade unit, and a photovoltaic power generation unit; the ventilation unit, the sunshade unit, and the photovoltaic power generation unit all adopt a modular assembly connection structure; One end of the steel frame is fixed to the main structure, and the other end is suspended on the outdoor side of the glass curtain wall; the sunshade unit covers the surface of the steel frame and is fixedly connected to the steel frame to block the sunlight entering the glass curtain wall; the photovoltaic power generation unit is fixed to the sunshade unit and is located on the top of the steel frame for solar power generation; the ventilation unit is arranged on the glass curtain wall and the steel frame for indoor and outdoor ventilation; The steel frame is in the shape of a right-angled trapezoid, with a top being a hypotenuse, a side close to the glass curtain wall being an inner side, a side away from the glass curtain wall being an outer side, and a bottom being a bottom side; a ventilation unit is provided on the side of the bottom side close to the glass curtain wall, and the sunshade unit covers the right-angled trapezoid, with one end thereof butting against the glass curtain wall, and the other end extending in sequence along the hypotenuse, outer side, and bottom side of the right-angled trapezoid, and butting against the ventilation unit of the bottom side; the photovoltaic power generation unit is placed obliquely above the hypotenuse.

2. The building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation unit is a ventilation louver; the ventilation louver on the glass curtain wall is arranged at the inner side of the glass curtain wall located at the right-angle trapezoid, and the glass curtain wall is also provided with an opening fan located outside the ventilation louver, and the opening and closing of the ventilation are controlled by the opening fan.

3. The building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are also air filters on the inside of the ventilation louvers on the glass curtain wall.

4. The building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation unit is directly fixed on the surface of the sunshade unit or is spliced ​​with the sunshade unit to jointly shield the top of the steel frame.

5. The building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation unit includes a photovoltaic component, a photovoltaic frame, and a photovoltaic junction box; the photovoltaic frame is fixedly connected to the sunshade unit, the photovoltaic component is sealed and fixed to the photovoltaic frame by a sealant, and the photovoltaic junction box is arranged below the photovoltaic component.

6. The building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic component is 10° to 35°.

7. The building photovoltaic component with both sunshade and ventilation functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Installed on the south and / or east and / or west facades of the building.

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