Cutter head structure of shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of tunneling machinery, in particular to a shield tunneling machine cutterhead structure which comprises a cutterhead body, main spokes and auxiliary spokes are arranged on the cutterhead body, rims are connected between the spokes to form an integrated structure, and cutters are evenly distributed on all the components. And foam and bentonite injection ports are formed in the cutter head body or the spokes. According to the structure, the tunneling efficiency and stability of the shield tunneling machine under complex geological conditions are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shield tunnel construction, and in particular to a cutter head structure of a shield machine. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of urban subway transportation, in order to meet different needs such as transfer, line planning adjustment, and land use problems, it is usually necessary to use a shield machine to grind away the underground continuous wall of existing operating stations. During the construction process, it is necessary to face complex environmental problems such as geological conditions and hydrological conditions. The construction unit must adopt new technologies and new methods to overcome construction difficulties.

[0003] When the existing technology is used for such construction, the shield machine is prone to deformation of the cutterhead and the cutter box or mud cake on the cutterhead, which may affect the operation of the existing station and bring great difficulties and safety hazards to the construction.

[0004] Therefore, based on the above problems, the prior art needs to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to improve the tunneling efficiency and stability of the shield machine under complex geological conditions.

[0006] The above technical purpose of the present application is achieved through the following technical solutions: a shield machine cutter head structure, including a cutter head body, a plurality of main spokes are arranged on the cutter head body, secondary spokes are arranged between adjacent main spokes, a rim is connected to the end of the adjacent main spokes and secondary spokes away from the cutter head body, the cutter head body, the main spokes and the secondary spokes are integrally formed, and are all provided with cutting tools, a foam injection port is provided on the cutter head body or the main spokes or the secondary spokes, and a bentonite injection port is provided on the cutter head body or the main spokes or the secondary spokes.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutter body, main spokes and auxiliary spokes are integrally formed, which improves the strength and stability of the overall structure, can withstand the excavation pressure and torque under complex geological conditions, and reduces the risk of component damage and failure. There are multiple main spokes and auxiliary spokes, and tools are configured in each part, which increases the distribution of cutting points, can cut the soil more efficiently, and improve the excavation speed. Foam injection ports and bentonite injection ports are set on the front and rear end surfaces of the cutter body, main spokes or auxiliary spokes, so that foam and bentonite can be injected into the cutting surface more evenly and timely, effectively improving the performance of the slag, reducing the torque of the cutter head, reducing tool wear, preventing mud cake phenomenon, and improving the excavation efficiency. Through the reasonable layout of spokes and the setting of slag improvement injection ports, it can adapt to a variety of geological conditions and improve the geological adaptability and working reliability of the shield machine. Due to the stable structure, high cutting efficiency and good slag improvement effect, the downtime maintenance time and component replacement cost caused by failure and wear are reduced. Good slag improvement and stable structure help to more accurately control the excavation direction and posture, and ensure the accuracy and quality of tunnel construction.

[0008] Optionally, the distance from the wheel rim to the center of the cutter disc body is between 8 meters and 10 meters.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the distance range of 8 meters to 10 meters can meet the excavation requirements of large-diameter tunnels, making the shield machine suitable for larger engineering projects and expanding its application range. A larger radius can increase the cutting coverage area of ​​the cutterhead during excavation, and more soil can be cut in one excavation, thereby improving construction efficiency. The appropriate wheel rim position distance helps to maintain the stability of the cutterhead during excavation, reduce vibration and deviation caused by uneven force, and ensure the accuracy of the excavation direction. A larger cutterhead size can better control the soil pressure in the soil bin, help maintain the stability of the excavation surface, and reduce the risk of surface settlement and collapse. It provides more space for the reasonable arrangement of cutters, foam injection ports, and bentonite injection ports on the cutterhead, thereby further improving the excavation effect and slag improvement effect.

[0010] Optionally, a central double-edged cutter is provided on the cutter disc body.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the center double-edged cutter is located at the center of the cutter disc, which can enhance the cutting effect on the soil in the center area of ​​the tunnel and ensure efficient excavation in the center. The double-edged design increases the contact area and cutting force between the cutter and the rock, which helps to break hard rocks or geological obstacles and improve the excavation ability of the cutter disc under complex geological conditions. It helps to balance the cutting load of the entire cutter disc, make the force on the cutter disc more uniform, reduce local overload and wear, and extend the service life of the cutter disc. It can more effectively cut the soil or rock in the center, speed up the excavation speed, and shorten the construction period. Effective cutting in the center can avoid the eccentric wear of the cutter disc due to insufficient center cutting, make the wear of the cutter disc more uniform, and reduce maintenance costs. The design of the center double-edged cutter increases the adaptability of the cutter disc to different geological conditions, and can have better excavation performance whether it is soft soil or hard rock formations.

[0012] Optionally, the main spoke is provided with a front serrated knife, and a plurality of the front serrated knives are provided, and the plurality of the front serrated knives are evenly spaced.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple front tooth cutters are evenly spaced, which can achieve uniform cutting of the front soil when the cutterhead rotates and excavates, avoid excessive or insufficient local cutting, and ensure the flatness and stability of the cutting surface. The number of cutting points is increased, thereby improving the overall cutting efficiency and accelerating the excavation speed. The evenly distributed tooth cutters can make the main spokes more evenly stressed during the cutting process, reduce the deformation or damage of the main spokes caused by excessive local stress, and extend the service life of the main spokes. It helps to maintain the balance and stability of the cutterhead during excavation, reduce vibration and deviation, and improve excavation accuracy. The tooth cutters in different positions can play a corresponding cutting role according to the changes in the strata, and improve the adaptability of the cutterhead to complex geological conditions. The tooth cutters evenly spaced are more convenient to operate when they need to be replaced or repaired, and they will not interfere with each other.

[0014] Optionally, the main spokes, the secondary spokes and the rim are provided with leading cutters.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the leading cutter can pre-crush the hard soil or rock in front before the cutterhead cuts the soil, reducing the cutting burden of subsequent cutters and improving the overall cutting efficiency. By crushing in advance, the direct wear of the main spokes, secondary spokes and other cutters on the rim is reduced, the service life of these cutters is extended, and the frequency and cost of replacing cutters are reduced. It enables subsequent cutters to cut under more favorable conditions, reducing cutting resistance and energy consumption. For hard and sticky strata, the leading cutter helps to break the integrity of the soil, enhance the soil-breaking ability of the cutterhead, and ensure the smooth progress of tunneling. It disperses the force of the cutterhead during the tunneling process, makes the force of the main spokes, secondary spokes and rims more uniform, reduces local stress concentration, and improves the stability and reliability of the structure. It improves the adaptability of the cutterhead to complex and changeable geological conditions, whether it encounters hard rock or soft strata, it can better cope with it. It helps to maintain the flatness and verticality of the cutting surface and improve the accuracy and quality of tunneling.

[0016] Optionally, edge teeth are provided at one end of the main spoke and the secondary spoke away from the cutter disc body.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the soil at the edge of the cutter disc can be cut more effectively to ensure the integrity and regularity of the entire excavation surface. The effective cutting range of the cutter disc is extended to a position closer to the tunnel wall, the residual soil at the edge is reduced, and the excavation efficiency is improved. When encountering hard obstacles or uneven strata, the edge cutter can play a certain buffering and protective role, reducing the direct impact and wear of the ends of the main spokes and secondary spokes. It helps to break and loosen the soil at the edge, promote the smooth discharge of slag, and reduce the accumulation and blockage of slag at the edge of the cutter disc. When excavating a curved tunnel, the edge cutter can better adapt to the changes in the tunnel contour and ensure the cutting quality and construction accuracy. Enhance the adaptability of the cutter disc to different geological conditions, especially the complex conditions of the edge strata. By dispersing the force on the edge of the cutter disc, the wear degree of the ends of the main spokes and secondary spokes is reduced, thereby extending the service life of the entire cutter disc.

[0018] Optionally, front scrapers are respectively provided on both side edges of the main spokes close to adjacent secondary spokes.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the front scraper can scrape the soil on both sides of the main spoke more thoroughly, improving the fineness and integrity of the cutting. It helps to quickly scrape the cut soil and push it to the soil discharge channel, promote the smooth discharge of the slag, and reduce the retention of slag in the cutterhead. The scrapers evenly distributed on both sides of the main spoke can balance the cutting load of the cutterhead during rotary excavation, and reduce the vibration and deflection of the cutterhead caused by uneven force. It works with other tools to share the cutting task, reduce the wear of a single tool, and extend the service life of the tool. It can better handle various types of soil layers that may appear on both sides of the main spoke, such as clay soil, sandy soil, etc., and improve the adaptability of the cutterhead to different geological conditions. By scraping the soil on both sides, it helps to maintain the flatness of the excavation surface and improve the quality of tunnel construction. More efficient scraping and soil discharge can speed up the excavation process and shorten the construction period.

[0020] Optionally, side edges of the secondary spokes close to adjacent main spokes are respectively provided with side scrapers, and the side scrapers are arranged at one end of the secondary spokes away from the center of the blade disc body.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the side scraper can more effectively cut the edge area adjacent to the secondary spoke and the main spoke, ensuring that the soil in these edge areas is fully processed and improving the overall cutting effect. It helps to remove the debris at the edge corners of the cutter disc, avoid the accumulation of debris, ensure the smooth discharge channel, and improve the discharge efficiency. Share the cutting task of the edge of the main spoke, reduce the force and wear of the main spoke during edge cutting, and extend the service life of the main spoke. For the complex geological conditions at the edge of the tunnel or the irregular shape of the excavation surface, the side scraper can better adapt and cut, improving the adaptability of the cutter disc. Make the cutting work of the secondary spoke and the main spoke more coordinated and coherent, forming an overall efficient cutting system. Ensure the flatness and verticality of the tunnel edge, reduce over-excavation and under-excavation, and improve the construction quality of the excavation face. More efficient cutting and discharge can reduce the energy required for the rotation of the cutter disc, reduce energy consumption and construction costs.

[0022] Optionally, an active stirring rod is provided on a side of the cutter disc body away from the cutter.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the active stirring rod can stir the cut soil to make it more uniform, which is conducive to the subsequent transportation and treatment of the soil. It promotes the injection of foam, bentonite and other soil improvers to mix fully with the soil, improves the improvement effect, and reduces the viscosity and friction resistance of the soil. It prevents the soil from caking or accumulating on the back of the cutter disc, ensures the fluidity of the soil, and reduces the risk of blockage. It helps to maintain the stability of the soil pressure in the soil bin, making the excavation process smoother and reducing the disturbance to the surrounding strata. Uniform soil and good fluidity help to improve the speed and efficiency of excavation and speed up the progress of excavation. In the case of complex geological conditions, it can better handle soil of different properties and enhance the adaptability of the cutter disc to various strata. Reduce the wear and erosion of the back of the cutter disc and other components by the soil, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0024] In summary, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The integrated cutterhead structure combines the design of main spokes and secondary spokes to enhance the overall stability and excavation efficiency of the cutterhead.

[0026] 2. It is preferred to adopt a variety of tool layouts, including center double-edged cutters, front cutters, leading cutters, etc., and optimize the configuration according to different geological conditions to improve the service life and excavation speed of the tools. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cutterhead structure of a shield machine;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of the active stirring rod.

[0029] Reference numerals

[0030] 1. Cutter body; 2. Main spokes; 3. Secondary spokes; 4. Rim; 5. Cutting tools; 51. Center double-edged cutter; 52. Front cutter; 53. Leading cutter; 54. Edge cutter; 55. Front scraper; 56. Side scraper; 6. Foam injection port; 7. Bentonite injection port; 8. Active stirring rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1A shield machine cutterhead structure includes a cutterhead body 1, on which four main spokes 2 are arranged, and secondary spokes 3 are arranged between adjacent main spokes 2 to enhance the structural stability. A rim 4 is connected to the end of the main spokes 2 and the secondary spokes 3 away from the cutterhead body 1 to form a complete cutterhead peripheral structure. The cutterhead body 1, the main spokes 2 and the secondary spokes 3 are formed by an integrated molding process or a high-strength steel plate welded integral structure to ensure the overall strength and rigidity of the structure. In addition, cutters 5 are evenly arranged on these structural components to meet different excavation requirements. On the front and rear end surfaces of the cutterhead body 1, the main spokes 2 or the secondary spokes 3, foam injection ports 6 and bentonite injection ports 7 are also specially provided so as to inject necessary materials during the excavation process to improve the excavation efficiency and equipment life. A wear detection sensor is provided on the cutterhead body 1, the main spokes 2 or the secondary spokes 3 to detect the degree of wear.

[0033] The implementation principle of Example 1 is as follows: during the operation of the shield machine, the cutter head structure rotates, and the tunnel wall is cut by the cutter 5 arranged on the cutter head body 1, the main spokes 2, and the secondary spokes 3. At the same time, the corresponding materials are injected through the foam injection port 6 and the bentonite injection port 7 to reduce the cutting resistance, cool the cutter 5, and carry away the cut rock and soil, thereby ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the shield machine.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The difference of this embodiment is that the distance from the wheel rim 4 to the center of the cutter body 1 is between 8 meters and 10 meters, and preferably the distance from the wheel rim 4 to the center of the cutter body 1 is set to 8.5 meters, which not only ensures the excavation range of the cutter head, but also takes into account the stability of the equipment and the feasibility of manufacturing. Through a larger excavation diameter, the effect of excavation of the soft soil bottom layer on the cutter head is reduced.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] On the basis of Example 1, this embodiment adds a central double-edged cutter 51 to the cutter head body 1. This cutter 5 design can more effectively cut the hard rock in the center of the tunnel and improve the excavation efficiency.

[0038] Example 4

[0039] The improvement of this embodiment is that a plurality of evenly spaced front cutters 52 are added to the main spokes 2. These front cutters 52 can effectively cut the tunnel wall during the rotation of the cutterhead, thereby increasing the excavation speed.

[0040] Example 5

[0041] On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment has guide cutters 53 evenly distributed on the main spokes 2, the secondary spokes 3 and the rim 4. The design of the guide cutters 53 can pre-treat the rock and soil before formal cutting, reduce the wear of the main cutter 5, and extend the service life.

[0042] Example 6

[0043] The characteristic of this embodiment is that the ends of the main spokes 2 and the auxiliary spokes 3 away from the cutter head body 1 are both provided with edge cutters 54. This design enables the cutter head to better process the rock and soil at the edge of the tunnel during the excavation process and improve the smoothness of the excavation.

[0044] Example 7

[0045] On the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment adds front scrapers 55 on both sides of the main spoke 2 close to the adjacent secondary spoke 3. The front scrapers 55 can effectively remove rock and soil debris generated during the cutting process, keep the cutterhead clean, and improve the excavation efficiency.

[0046] Example 8

[0047] The difference of this embodiment is that side scrapers 56 are respectively provided on both sides of the secondary spokes 3 close to the adjacent main spokes 2, and these side scrapers 56 are provided at the end of the secondary spokes 3 away from the center of the cutterhead body 1. This design can further remove the residual rock and soil on the tunnel wall to ensure smooth excavation.

[0048] Example 9

[0049] Based on Example 1, Figure 2 In this embodiment, an active stirring rod 8 is added to the side of the cutter head body 1 away from the cutter 5. The active stirring rod 8 can stir the slag in the soil bin during the excavation process, improve the fluidity of the slag, prevent the slag from sticking to the wall and blocking, and ensure smooth transportation of the slag.

[0050] Example 10

[0051] This embodiment discloses an optimized layout of the cutter 5, that is, the cutter 5 includes a toothed cutter, a leading cutter 53, a scraper and an edge toothed cutter 54, and these cutters 5 are respectively arranged on the cutter head body 1, the main spoke 2, the secondary spoke 3 and the rim 4. This layout fully considers the cutting requirements of different parts and the wear of the cutter 5, aiming to improve the overall excavation performance and service life of the shield machine. Shell cutters, diameter-keeping cutters and super-digging cutters can also be arranged on the cutter head, which are arranged according to the actual construction geology, thereby improving the excavation efficiency and the applicability of the cutter 5.

[0052] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A shield machine cutterhead structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cutter disc body (1), wherein a plurality of main spokes (2) are arranged on the cutter disc body (1), and secondary spokes (3) are arranged between adjacent main spokes (2), and a rim (4) is connected to one end of adjacent main spokes (2) and secondary spokes (3) away from the cutter disc body (1); the cutter disc body (1), the main spokes (2) and the secondary spokes (3) are integrally formed and each is provided with a cutter (5); a foam injection port (6) is arranged on the cutter disc body (1) or the main spokes (2) or the secondary spokes (3), and a bentonite injection port (7) is arranged on the cutter disc body (1) or the main spokes (2) or the secondary spokes (3).

2. A shield machine cutterhead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the wheel rim (4) to the center of the cutter disc body (1) is between 8 meters and 10 meters.

3. A shield machine cutterhead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc body (1) is provided with a central double-edged cutter (51).

4. A shield machine cutterhead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main spoke (2) is provided with a front toothed knife (52), and a plurality of the front toothed knives (52) are provided, and the plurality of the front toothed knives (52) are evenly spaced.

5. The shield machine cutter head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main spokes (2), the secondary spokes (3) and the wheel rim (4) are provided with leading knives (53).

6. A shield machine cutterhead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An edge tooth cutter (54) is provided at one end of the main spoke (2) and the secondary spoke (3) away from the blade disc body (1).

7. The shield machine cutterhead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Front scrapers (55) are respectively provided on both side edges of the main spoke (2) close to the adjacent secondary spokes (3).

8. The shield machine cutterhead structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side edges of the secondary spokes (3) close to the adjacent main spokes (2) are respectively provided with side scrapers (56), and the side scrapers (56) are arranged at one end of the secondary spokes (3) away from the center of the blade disc body (1).

9. The shield machine cutter head structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An active stirring rod (8) is provided on a side of the cutter disc body (1) away from the cutter (5).

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