Fuel cell system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a fuel cell system and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The fuel cell system comprises an electric pile and an air module, the electric pile comprises a first air inlet and a first air outlet, the air module comprises an air inlet branch, an air outlet branch and a bypass branch, the air inlet branch comprises an air inlet pipe communicated with the first air inlet, an intercooler and an air compressor, and the intercooler and the air compressor are sequentially communicated with the air inlet pipe. The first end of the intercooler communicates with the first air inlet, the second end of the intercooler communicates with an air outlet of the air compressor, the air inlet of the air compressor communicates with the external environment, the air outlet branch comprises an air outlet pipe communicating with the first air outlet, and the bypass branch comprises a bypass pipe and a bypass valve arranged on the bypass pipe. One end of the bypass pipe communicates with an air outlet of the air compressor, and the other end of the bypass pipe communicates with the air outlet pipe. Therefore, the power consumption of the air compressor can be improved, so that the loading heat production of the electric pile is promoted, and the cold start speed of the fuel cell system is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to the field of battery technology, and specifically to a fuel cell system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cell vehicles have the advantages of zero emissions, high efficiency and fast hydrogen refueling, and are an important direction for the development of new energy vehicles. The fuel cell system is the core of fuel cell vehicles, generally composed of air system, hydrogen supply system, cooling module and stack, etc. It can use hydrogen and oxygen in the air to undergo redox reaction in the stack to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

[0003] However, the cold start speed of existing fuel cell systems is slow and cannot quickly reach normal working conditions, resulting in a poor driving experience for users. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present application provides a fuel cell system and a vehicle to at least solve the technical problem of slow cold start speed of vehicles in the related art. The technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present application, a fuel cell system is provided, comprising a fuel cell stack and an air module, the fuel cell stack comprising a first air inlet and a first air outlet, the air module comprising an air inlet branch, an air outlet branch and a bypass branch, the air inlet branch comprising an air inlet pipe connected to the first air inlet, and an intercooler and an air compressor connected in sequence to the air inlet pipe, the first end of the intercooler being connected to the first air inlet, the second end of the intercooler being connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, the air inlet of the air compressor being connected to the external environment; the air outlet branch comprising an air outlet pipe connected to the first air outlet; the bypass branch comprising a bypass pipe and a bypass valve arranged on the bypass pipe, one end of the bypass pipe being connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, and the other end of the bypass pipe being connected to the air outlet pipe.

[0006] According to the above-mentioned technical means, the present application can connect the intake branch and the outlet branch by setting a bypass branch. After the bypass valve is opened, a part of the air in the air compressor can be discharged directly into the external environment along the outlet pipe through the bypass valve, thereby increasing the power consumption of the air compressor, thereby promoting the load heat generation of the battery stack and accelerating the cold start speed of the fuel cell system.

[0007] In a possible embodiment, the fuel cell stack also includes a second air inlet and a second air outlet; the fuel cell system also includes a hydrogen module, the hydrogen module includes a hydrogen inlet branch and a hydrogen outlet branch, the hydrogen inlet branch includes a hydrogen inlet pipe connected to the second air inlet, and a hydrogen bottle, a hydrogen inlet valve, a first hydrogen ejector and a second hydrogen ejector connected in sequence to the hydrogen inlet pipe, the first hydrogen ejector and the second hydrogen ejector both have a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port is connected to the hydrogen bottle, the second port is connected to the second air inlet, and the first hydrogen ejector and the second hydrogen ejector are arranged in parallel; the hydrogen outlet branch includes a hydrogen outlet pipe connected to the second air outlet, and a hydrogen-water separator, a hydrogen exhaust valve and a water drain valve connected in sequence to the hydrogen outlet pipe, the first connecting hole of the hydrogen-water separator is connected to the second air outlet, and the second connecting hole of the hydrogen-water separator is connected to the third port; the hydrogen exhaust valve and the water drain valve both have a fourth port and a fifth port, the fourth port is connected to the third connecting hole of the hydrogen-water separator, the fifth port is used to communicate with the external environment, and the water drain valve and the hydrogen exhaust valve are arranged in parallel.

[0008] According to the above-mentioned technical means, the present application sets the drain valve and the hydrogen drain valve in parallel, which is beneficial to the refined control of the fuel cell system. The normal operation of the fuel cell system can be ensured directly through the hydrogen drain valve under low-temperature conditions, avoiding the increase in low-temperature cold start time caused by the freezing of the drain valve, which is also beneficial to improve the low-temperature cold start speed.

[0009] In a possible embodiment, the hydrogen module further includes a pressure relief branch, which includes a pressure relief pipe and a pressure relief valve arranged on the pressure relief pipe, one end of the pressure relief pipe is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe is connected to the gas outlet pipe.

[0010] According to the above technical means, when the pressure in the intake pipe is too high, the pressure relief valve can be opened to discharge excess hydrogen out of the fuel cell system through the pressure relief pipe and the outlet pipe, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell system.

[0011] In a possible embodiment, the battery stack also includes a water inlet and a water outlet; the fuel cell system also includes a cooling module, the cooling module includes a cooling branch, a deionization branch, a heat dissipation branch and a three-way valve, the cooling branch includes a first pipeline and a first water storage tank and a high-pressure water pump arranged on the first pipeline, one end of the high-pressure water pump is connected to the water outlet hole of the first water storage tank, the other end of the high-pressure water pump is connected to the water inlet, and the water outlet is connected to the water inlet hole of the first water storage tank; the deionization branch includes a second pipeline and a deionizer arranged on the second pipeline, one end of the deionizer is connected to the water inlet, and the other end of the deionizer is connected to the water outlet; the heat dissipation branch includes a third pipeline and a radiator arranged on the third pipeline, one end of the radiator is connected to the water inlet, and the other end of the radiator is connected to the water outlet; the three-way valve includes a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is connected to the second pipeline, the second interface is connected to the third pipeline, and the third interface is connected to the first pipeline to control the conduction state between the second pipeline, the third pipeline and the battery stack.

[0012] According to the above technical means, the flow rate of coolant entering the fuel cell stack can be controlled by controlling the power of the high-pressure water pump, thereby regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack. The flow rate and ratio of the coolant in the second pipeline and the third pipeline can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the three-way valve, thereby achieving effective control of the heat dissipation rate and deionization rate of the fuel cell system.

[0013] In a possible embodiment, the cooling module also includes a first heat exchange branch, the first heat exchange branch includes a fourth pipeline connected in parallel with the third pipeline, and a heat exchanger and a proportional valve arranged on the fourth pipeline; the heat exchanger has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the first liquid inlet is connected to the water outlet of the battery stack, the first liquid outlet is connected to one end of the proportional valve, and the other end of the proportional valve is connected to the water inlet of the battery stack.

[0014] According to the above technical means, the heat exchange amount between the coolant in the fourth pipeline and the heat exchanger can be controlled by the proportional valve.

[0015] In a possible embodiment, the heat exchanger also has a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet; the fuel cell system also includes a heating module, the heating module includes a second heat exchange branch and a heating branch, the second heat exchange branch includes a fifth pipeline, and a second water storage tank, a heat exchanger and a low-pressure water pump which are sequentially connected to the fifth pipeline, the water outlet of the second water storage tank is connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger, the water inlet of the second water storage tank is connected to one end of the low-pressure water pump, and the other end of the low-pressure water pump is connected to the second liquid outlet of the heat exchanger; the heating branch includes a sixth pipeline, and a heater core provided on the sixth pipeline, one end of the heater core is connected to the low-pressure water pump, and the other end of the heater core is connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger.

[0016] According to the above technical means, the heat exchanger connects the first heat exchange branch and the second heat exchange branch together, the coolant discharged from the water outlet of the battery stack can enter the heat exchanger along the fourth pipeline, and the heat exchange medium flowing out from the liquid outlet of the second water storage tank can enter the heat exchanger along the fifth pipeline, so that the heating module can use the waste heat of the coolant in the cooling module to heat the passenger compartment, and the cooling module uses the heat exchange medium in the heating module to cool the coolant, thereby effectively improving the utilization efficiency of heat in the fuel cell system. On the other hand, since the heat exchanger separates the cooling module and the heating module, the ion precipitation rate in the coolant is reduced, thereby improving the service life of the deionizer and the insulation of the system.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the second heat exchange branch further includes a heating component, one end of the heating component is connected to the water outlet of the second water storage tank, and the other end of the heating component is connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger.

[0018] According to the above technical means, the heating element can promote the rapid heating of the coolant at low temperatures.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the air intake branch further includes an air filter, one end of the air filter is connected to the air intake of the air compressor, and the other end of the air filter is used to connect to the external environment.

[0020] According to the above technical means, impurities in the air are filtered out before being input into the air compressor to ensure the safe operation of the air compressor.

[0021] In a possible embodiment, the intake branch also includes a first stop valve, one end of which is connected to the first air inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the first stop valve is connected to the intercooler; the outlet branch also includes a second stop valve and a muffler, one end of the second stop valve is connected to the first air outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the second stop valve is connected to the muffler.

[0022] According to the above technical means, the inflow and outflow of air in the fuel cell stack can be controlled by the first stop valve and the second stop valve, and the muffler can effectively reduce the operating noise of the fuel cell system and improve the riding experience of the driver and passengers.

[0023] According to a second aspect provided by the present application, a vehicle is provided, comprising a vehicle body and the above-mentioned fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system is arranged on the vehicle body.

[0024] Therefore, the above technical features of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The intake branch and the outlet branch can be connected through a bypass branch. After the bypass valve is opened, part of the air in the air compressor can be discharged directly into the external environment along the outlet pipe through the bypass valve, thereby increasing the power consumption of the air compressor, thereby promoting the load heat generation of the fuel cell stack and accelerating the cold start speed of the fuel cell system.

[0026] (2) The drain valve and the hydrogen drain valve can be set in parallel, which is beneficial to the refined control of the fuel cell system. The normal operation of the fuel cell system can be ensured directly through the hydrogen drain valve under low temperature conditions, avoiding the increase of low temperature cold start time caused by the freezing of the drain valve, which is also beneficial to improve the low temperature cold start speed.

[0027] (3) A pressure relief branch can be provided. When the pressure in the intake pipe is too high, the pressure relief valve can be opened to discharge the excess hydrogen out of the fuel cell system through the pressure relief pipe and the outlet pipe, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell system.

[0028] (4) The cooling branch may include a first pipeline and a first water tank and a high-pressure water pump arranged on the first pipeline, one end of the high-pressure water pump is connected to the water outlet of the first water tank, and the other end of the high-pressure water pump is connected to the water inlet. The water outlet is connected to the water inlet of the first water tank. The power of the high-pressure water pump can be controlled to control the flow of coolant entering the fuel cell stack, thereby regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0029] (5) The deionization branch may include a second pipeline and a deionizer disposed on the second pipeline, and the heat dissipation branch may include a third pipeline and a radiator disposed on the third pipeline. The flow rate and ratio of the coolant in the second pipeline and the third pipeline are adjusted by controlling the opening of the three-way valve to achieve effective control of the heat dissipation rate and deionization rate of the fuel cell system.

[0030] (6) The first heat exchange branch includes a fourth pipeline connected in parallel with the third pipeline, and a heat exchanger and a proportional valve arranged on the fourth pipeline. The proportional valve can be used to control the heat exchange amount between the coolant in the fourth pipeline and the heat exchanger.

[0031] (7) The heat exchanger connects the first heat exchange branch and the second heat exchange branch together. The coolant discharged from the water outlet of the fuel cell stack can enter the heat exchanger along the fourth pipeline, and the heat exchange medium flowing out from the outlet of the second water tank can enter the heat exchanger along the fifth pipeline, so that the heating module can use the waste heat of the coolant in the cooling module to heat the passenger compartment, and the cooling module uses the heat exchange medium in the heating module to cool the coolant, thereby effectively improving the utilization efficiency of heat in the fuel cell system. On the other hand, since the heat exchanger separates the cooling module and the heating module, the ion precipitation rate in the coolant is reduced, thereby improving the service life of the deionizer and the insulation of the system.

[0032] (8) An eighth pipeline may be provided between the battery stack and the air filter, and the negative pressure generated by the air filter may be used to absorb impurities such as dust accumulated between the inner shell of the battery stack packaging box and the battery cells of the fuel cell system, thereby saving the intake air flow and improving the system efficiency.

[0033] (9) The air intake branch may include an air filter, one end of which is connected to the air intake of the air compressor, and the other end of which is used to connect to the external environment, so as to filter out impurities in the air before inputting it into the air compressor, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the air compressor.

[0034] It should be noted that the technical effects brought about by the second aspect can refer to the technical effects brought about by the corresponding implementation method in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0035] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application, and together with the specification are used to explain the principles of the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0038] Figure Number:

[0039] Fuel cell system 1;

[0040] Battery stack 10; first air inlet 11; first air outlet 12; second air inlet 13; second air outlet 14; water inlet 15; water outlet 16;

[0041] Air module 20;

[0042] Intake branch 21; intake pipe 211; intercooler 212; air compressor 213; air filter 214;

[0043] Outlet branch 22; outlet pipe 221; bypass branch 23; bypass pipe 231; bypass valve 232;

[0044] Hydrogen module 30;

[0045] Hydrogen inlet branch 31; hydrogen inlet pipe 311; hydrogen bottle 312; hydrogen inlet valve 313; first hydrogen ejector 314; second hydrogen ejector 315;

[0046] Hydrogen outlet branch 32; hydrogen outlet pipe 321; hydrogen-water separator 322; hydrogen discharge valve 323; water discharge valve 324; pressure relief branch 33; pressure relief pipe 331; pressure relief valve 332;

[0047] Cooling module 40;

[0048] Cooling branch 41; first pipeline 411; first water storage tank 412; high-pressure water pump 413;

[0049] Deionization branch 42; second pipeline 421; deionizer 422;

[0050] Heat dissipation branch 43; third pipeline 431; radiator 432; three-way valve 44;

[0051] The first heat exchange branch 45; the fourth pipeline 451; the heat exchanger 452; the proportional valve 453; the seventh pipeline 46; the eighth pipeline 47;

[0052] Heating module 50;

[0053] The second heat exchange branch 51; the fifth pipeline 511; the second water storage tank 512; the low-pressure water pump 513; the heating element 514;

[0054] Heating branch 52; sixth pipeline 521; warm air core 522. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to enable ordinary persons in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0056] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. On the contrary, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the attached claims.

[0057] Fuel cell vehicles have the advantages of zero emissions, high efficiency and fast hydrogen refueling, and are an important direction for the development of new energy vehicles. The fuel cell system is the core of the fuel cell vehicle, which is generally composed of air system, hydrogen supply system, cooling module and fuel cell stack. It can use hydrogen and oxygen in the air to undergo redox reaction in the fuel cell stack to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. However, the cold start speed of existing fuel cell systems is slow and cannot quickly reach normal working state.

[0058] Based on this, the present application provides a fuel cell system and a vehicle, which can improve the cold start speed of the fuel cell system. For ease of understanding, the fuel cell system and the vehicle provided by the present application are specifically introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0059] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 1The fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell stack 10 and an air module 20 . The fuel cell stack 10 includes a first air inlet 11 and a first air outlet 12 . The air module 20 includes an air inlet branch 21 , an air outlet branch 22 and a bypass branch 23 .

[0060] In some embodiments, the air intake branch 21 may include an air intake pipe 211 connected to the first air intake port 11, and an intercooler 212 and an air compressor 213 connected to the air intake pipe 211 in sequence, wherein the first end of the intercooler 212 is connected to the first air intake port 11, the second end of the intercooler 212 is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor 213, and the air intake of the air compressor 213 is connected to the external environment. In this way, the air compressor 213 can absorb air from the external environment and compress it, and then input the compressed air into the intercooler 212 along the air intake pipe 211, and after temperature adjustment in the intercooler 212, enter the fuel cell stack 10 through the first air intake port 11 at a suitable temperature to participate in the reaction.

[0061] In some embodiments, the gas outlet branch 22 may include a gas outlet pipe 221 connected to the first gas outlet 12 , so that the reacted gas can be discharged through the first gas outlet 12 and the gas outlet pipe 221 .

[0062] In some embodiments, the bypass branch 23 may include a bypass pipe 231 and a bypass valve 232 disposed on the bypass pipe 231 , one end of the bypass pipe 231 is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor 213 , and the other end of the bypass pipe 231 is connected to the air outlet pipe 221 .

[0063] It is understandable that the present application connects the inlet branch 21 and the outlet branch 22 by setting a bypass branch 23. Under low temperature conditions, the bypass valve 232 can be opened, so that part of the air in the air compressor 213 can be directly discharged into the external environment along the outlet pipe 221 through the bypass valve 232, thereby increasing the power consumption of the air compressor 213 and providing a load condition for the heat generation of the stack 10, thereby accelerating the heat generation speed of the stack 10 and the speed of cold start. In addition, when the air compressor 213 surges, the bypass valve 232 can also be opened to slow down the surge.

[0064] It should be noted that under low temperature conditions, the performance of the battery electrically connected to the stack 10 will be reduced, affecting the charging process of the battery by the stack 10. Since the stack 10 can draw high current to generate heat, the greater the current, the more heat is generated. However, when the battery is difficult to charge, the system power consumption is low and the current load condition is poor. Therefore, the load condition of the stack 10 can be improved by actively increasing the power consumption of the air compressor 213, thereby promoting the load heat generation of the stack 10 and accelerating the cold start speed of the fuel cell system 1.

[0065] See also Figure 1In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack 10 may further include a second air inlet 13 and a second air outlet 14, and the fuel cell system 1 may further include a hydrogen module 30. The hydrogen module 30 may include a hydrogen inlet branch 31 and a hydrogen outlet branch 32. The hydrogen inlet branch 31 may include a hydrogen inlet pipe 311 connected to the second air inlet 13, and a hydrogen bottle 312, a hydrogen inlet valve 313, a first hydrogen ejector 314 and a second hydrogen ejector 315 connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe 311 in sequence. The first hydrogen ejector 314 and the second hydrogen ejector 315 both have a first port, a second port and a third port. The first port is connected to the hydrogen bottle 312, and the second port is connected to the second air inlet 13. The first hydrogen ejector 314 and the second hydrogen ejector 315 are arranged in parallel.

[0066] It can be understood that the present application can effectively increase the hydrogen metering ratio by setting the first hydrogen injector 314 and the second hydrogen injector 315 in parallel, thereby meeting the flow demand of the fuel cell system 1 under all operating conditions. The reliability is improved compared to the traditional circulation pump solution, and the power consumption of the accessories is lower, which is conducive to promoting the improvement of the efficiency of the fuel cell system 1.

[0067] It should be noted that the "metering ratio" mentioned above refers to the ratio of the flow rate of the second port to the flow rate of the first port. Since the coverage range of the metering ratio X of a single injector is limited, such as 1≤X≤2 or 3≤X≤4 or 4≤X≤5, and the metering ratio of 1≤X≤5 cannot be met, the use of two different injectors with control switching can meet the metering ratio of the entire range.

[0068] See also Figure 1 In some embodiments, the hydrogen outlet branch 32 may include a hydrogen outlet pipe 321 connected to the second gas outlet 14, and a hydrogen-water separator 322, a hydrogen discharge valve 323 and a water drain valve 324 connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe 321 in sequence, the first connecting hole of the hydrogen-water separator 322 is connected to the second gas outlet 14, the second connecting hole of the hydrogen-water separator 322 is connected to the third port, the hydrogen discharge valve 323 and the water drain valve 324 both have a fourth port and a fifth port, the fourth port is connected to the third connecting hole of the hydrogen-water separator 322, the fifth port is used to communicate with the external environment, and the water drain valve 324 and the hydrogen discharge valve 323 are arranged in parallel.

[0069] It can be understood that the manner in which the drain valve 324 and the hydrogen drain valve 323 are arranged in parallel in the present application is conducive to the refined control of the fuel cell system 1. The normal operation of the fuel cell system 1 can be ensured directly through the hydrogen drain valve 323 under low temperature conditions, thereby avoiding the increase in low-temperature cold start time caused by the freezing of the drain valve 324, which is also conducive to improving the low-temperature cold start speed.

[0070] See also Figure 1In some embodiments, the hydrogen module 30 may further include a pressure relief branch 33, which may include a pressure relief pipe 331 and a pressure relief valve 332 disposed on the pressure relief pipe 331. One end of the pressure relief pipe 331 is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe 311, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe 331 is connected to the gas outlet pipe 221. In this way, when the pressure in the gas inlet pipe 211 is too high, the pressure relief valve 332 may be opened to discharge excess hydrogen from the fuel cell system 1 through the pressure relief pipe 331 and the gas outlet pipe 221, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell system 1.

[0071] See also Figure 1 In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack 10 may further include a water inlet 15 and a water outlet 16, and the fuel cell system 1 may further include a cooling module 40. The cooling module 40 may include a cooling branch 41, a deionization branch 42, a heat dissipation branch 43 and a three-way valve 44. The cooling branch 41 may include a first pipeline 411 and a first water tank 412 and a high-pressure water pump 413 arranged on the first pipeline 411. One end of the high-pressure water pump 413 is connected to the water outlet hole of the first water tank 412, and the other end of the high-pressure water pump 413 is connected to the water inlet 15, and the water outlet 16 is connected to the water inlet hole of the first water tank 412.

[0072] In this way, the coolant in the first water tank 412 flows into the fuel cell stack 10 along the first pipeline 411 under the action of the high-pressure water pump 413, cools the fuel cell stack 10 and then returns to the first water tank 412. The coolant circulates in the first water tank 412, the first pipeline and the fuel cell stack 10. The flow rate of the coolant entering the fuel cell stack 10 can be controlled by controlling the power of the high-pressure water pump 413, thereby regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack 10.

[0073] In some embodiments, the deionization branch 42 may include a second pipeline 421 and a deionizer 422 disposed on the second pipeline 421, one end of the deionizer 422 is connected to the water inlet 15, and the other end of the deionizer 422 is connected to the water outlet 16. The heat dissipation branch 43 may include a third pipeline 431 and a radiator 432 disposed on the third pipeline 431, one end of the radiator 432 is connected to the water inlet 15, and the other end of the radiator 432 is connected to the water outlet 16. The three-way valve 44 may include a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is connected to the second pipeline 421, the second interface is connected to the third pipeline 431, and the third interface is connected to the first pipeline 411. In this way, the flow rate and ratio of the coolant in the second pipeline 421 and the third pipeline 431 can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the three-way valve 44, so as to achieve effective regulation of the heat dissipation rate and deionization rate of the fuel cell system 1.

[0074] In some embodiments, the cooling module 40 further includes a first heat exchange branch 45, the first heat exchange branch 45 includes a fourth pipeline 451 connected in parallel with the third pipeline 431, and a heat exchanger 452 and a proportional valve 453 provided on the fourth pipeline 451, the heat exchanger 452 has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the first liquid inlet is connected to the water outlet 16 of the battery stack 10, the first liquid outlet is connected to one end of the proportional valve 453, and the other end of the proportional valve 453 is connected to the water inlet 15 of the battery stack 10. In this way, the heat exchange amount between the coolant in the fourth pipeline 451 and the heat exchanger 452 can be controlled by the proportional valve 453.

[0075] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger 452 may also have a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the fuel cell system 1 may also include a heating module 50. The heating module 50 may include a second heat exchange branch 51 and a heating branch 52. The second heat exchange branch 51 may include a fifth pipeline 511, and a second water storage tank 512, a heat exchanger 452 and a low-pressure water pump 513 which are sequentially connected to the fifth pipeline 511. The water outlet of the second water storage tank 512 is connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 452, the water inlet of the second water storage tank 512 is connected to one end of the low-pressure water pump 513, and the other end of the low-pressure water pump 513 is connected to the second liquid outlet of the heat exchanger 452. The heating branch 52 may include a sixth pipeline 521, and a heater core 522 arranged on the sixth pipeline 521, one end of the heater core 522 is connected to the low-pressure water pump 513, and the other end of the heater core 522 is connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 452.

[0076] It can be understood that the present application connects the first heat exchange branch 45 and the second heat exchange branch 51 together through the heat exchanger 452. The coolant discharged from the water outlet 16 of the fuel cell stack 10 can enter the heat exchanger 452 along the fourth pipeline 451, and the heat exchange medium flowing out from the liquid outlet of the second water tank 512 can enter the heat exchanger 452 along the fifth pipeline 511. In this way, since the coolant flowing out from the battery stack 10 absorbs heat when inside the battery stack 10, its temperature when flowing out is relatively high, while the temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing out from the second water storage tank 512 is relatively low. After entering the heat exchanger 452, the two can exchange heat by means of heat convection, heat conduction and heat radiation. After the temperature of the heat exchange medium increases, it enters the heater core 522 along the sixth pipeline 521. After the temperature of the coolant decreases, it enters the battery stack 10 along the first pipeline 411. The above two processes complement each other, so that the heating module 50 can use the waste heat of the coolant in the cooling module 40 to heat the passenger compartment, and the cooling module 40 uses the heat exchange medium in the heating module 50 to cool the coolant, thereby effectively improving the utilization efficiency of heat in the fuel cell system 1.

[0077] On the other hand, since the heat exchanger 452 separates the cooling module 40 and the heating module 50, the ion precipitation rate in the coolant is reduced, thereby increasing the service life of the deionizer 422 and the insulation of the system.

[0078] It should be noted that the heat exchanger 452 here can be a plate heat exchanger 452, a shell and tube heat exchanger 452 or a heat exchange tube bundle heat exchanger 452, etc.

[0079] In some embodiments, a seventh pipeline 46 may be disposed between the first pipeline 411 and the intercooler 212 so as to introduce part of the coolant into the intercooler 212 to heat the air that is about to enter the fuel cell stack 10 .

[0080] In some embodiments, an eighth pipeline 47 can be set between the battery stack 10 and the air filter 214, so that the negative pressure generated by the air filter 214 can be used to absorb impurities such as dust accumulated between the internal shell of the battery stack 10 packaging box and the battery cells of the fuel cell system 1, while also saving the intake air flow and improving the system efficiency.

[0081] In some embodiments, the second heat exchange branch 51 may also include a heating element 514, one end of the heating element 514 is connected to the water outlet of the second water storage tank 512, and the other end of the heating element 514 is connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 452. In this way, under low temperature conditions, the cooling liquid can be quickly heated up by turning on the heating element 514.

[0082] In some embodiments, the air intake branch 21 may also include an air filter 214, one end of the air filter 214 is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor 213, and the other end of the air filter 214 is used to connect to the external environment, filter out impurities in the air and then input it into the air compressor 213, so as to ensure the safe operation of the air compressor 213.

[0083] In some embodiments, the air intake branch 21 may further include a first stop valve, one end of which is connected to the first air intake port 11 of the fuel cell stack 10, and the other end of which is connected to the intercooler 212. The air outlet branch 22 may further include a second stop valve and a muffler, one end of which is connected to the first air outlet port 12 of the fuel cell stack 10, and the other end of which is connected to the muffler. In this way, the air intake and exhaust of the air module 20 can be controlled by the first stop valve and the second stop valve, and the setting of the muffler can reduce the noise generated by the fuel cell system 1 during operation and improve the riding experience of passengers.

[0084] It should be noted that each branch in the fuel cell system 1 provided in the present application also includes sensors required to realize corresponding control functions, such as temperature sensors or pressure sensors.

[0085] In some embodiments, the fuel cell system 1 uses a self-humidifying stack 10. The self-humidifying stack 10 can increase its water storage capacity by taking measures such as increasing the membrane surface resistance, and then use the water generated by the reaction of the stack 10 to ensure the humidity of the membrane, thereby eliminating the need to separately add a humidifier, avoiding the risk of the humidifier freezing at low temperatures.

[0086] According to the second aspect provided by the present application, a vehicle is provided, including a vehicle body and the above-mentioned fuel cell system 1, wherein the fuel cell system 1 is arranged on the vehicle body. The advantages possessed by the above-mentioned fuel cell system 1 are also possessed by the vehicle provided by the present application, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system, characterized in that: The fuel cell system (1) comprises: A battery stack (10), the battery stack (10) comprising: a first air inlet (11) and a first air outlet (12); and an air module (20), comprising: An air intake branch (21), comprising an air intake pipe (211) connected to the first air intake port (11), and an intercooler (212) and an air compressor (213) connected in sequence to the air intake pipe (211), wherein a first end of the intercooler (212) is connected to the first air intake port (11), a second end of the intercooler (212) is connected to an air outlet of the air compressor (213), and an air intake port of the air compressor (213) is connected to an external environment; An air outlet branch (22), comprising an air outlet pipe connected to the first air outlet (12); and a bypass branch (23), comprising a bypass pipe (231) and a bypass valve (232) arranged on the bypass pipe (231), one end of the bypass pipe (231) being connected to the air outlet of the air compressor (213), and the other end of the bypass pipe (231) being connected to the air outlet pipe (221).

2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery stack (10) further comprises: a second air inlet (13) and a second air outlet (14); The fuel cell system (1) further comprises: a hydrogen module (30), wherein the hydrogen module (30) comprises: A hydrogen inlet branch (31), comprising a hydrogen inlet pipe (311) connected to the second gas inlet (13), and a hydrogen bottle (312), a hydrogen inlet valve (313), a first hydrogen ejector (314) and a second hydrogen ejector (315) connected in sequence to the hydrogen inlet pipe (311), wherein the first hydrogen ejector (314) and the second hydrogen ejector (315) each have a first port, a second port and a third port, wherein the first port is connected to the hydrogen bottle (312), and the second port is connected to the second gas inlet (13), and the first hydrogen ejector (314) and the second hydrogen ejector (315) are arranged in parallel; and a hydrogen outlet branch (32), comprising a hydrogen outlet pipe (321) connected to the second gas outlet (14), and a hydrogen-water separator (322), a hydrogen discharge valve (323) and a water discharge valve (324) connected in sequence to the hydrogen outlet pipe (321), wherein a first communication hole of the hydrogen-water separator (322) is connected to the second gas outlet, and a second communication hole of the hydrogen-water separator (322) is connected to the third port; The hydrogen discharge valve (323) and the water discharge valve (324) both have a fourth port and a fifth port, the fourth port is connected to the third connecting hole of the hydrogen-water separator (322), the fifth port is used to communicate with the external environment, and the water discharge valve (324) and the hydrogen discharge valve (323) are arranged in parallel.

3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen module (30) further comprises: a pressure relief branch (33), the pressure relief branch (33) comprising a pressure relief pipe (331) and a pressure relief valve (332) arranged on the pressure relief pipe (331), one end of the pressure relief pipe (331) being in communication with the hydrogen inlet pipe (311), and the other end of the pressure relief pipe (331) being in communication with the gas outlet pipe (221).

4. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack (10) further comprises: a water inlet (15) and a water outlet (16); the fuel cell system (1) further comprises: a cooling module (40), wherein the cooling module (40) comprises: A cooling branch (41) comprises a first pipeline (411), a first water storage tank (412) and a high-pressure water pump (413) arranged on the first pipeline (411), one end of the high-pressure water pump (413) being in communication with a water outlet of the first water storage tank (412), the other end of the high-pressure water pump (413) being in communication with the water inlet (15), and the water outlet (16) being in communication with the water inlet of the first water storage tank (412); A deionization branch (42), comprising a second pipeline (421) and a deionizer (422) arranged on the second pipeline (421), one end of the deionizer (422) being in communication with the water inlet (15), and the other end of the deionizer (422) being in communication with the water outlet (16); A heat dissipation branch (43), comprising a third pipeline (431) and a radiator (432) arranged on the third pipeline (431), one end of the radiator (432) being in communication with the water inlet (15), and the other end of the radiator (432) being in communication with the water outlet (16); A three-way valve (44), the three-way valve (44) comprising a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface being connected to the second pipeline, the second interface being connected to the third pipeline, and the third interface being connected to the first pipeline, so as to control the conduction state between the second pipeline, the third pipeline and the fuel cell stack.

5. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling module further includes: a first heat exchange branch, the first heat exchange branch including a fourth pipeline connected in parallel with the third pipeline, and a heat exchanger and a proportional valve arranged on the fourth pipeline; The heat exchanger has a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the first liquid inlet is connected to the water outlet of the fuel cell stack, the first liquid outlet is connected to one end of a proportional valve, and the other end of the proportional valve is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell stack.

6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat exchanger also has a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet; the fuel cell system also includes: a heating module, the heating module includes: a second heat exchange branch, the second heat exchange branch comprising a fifth pipeline, and a second water storage tank, the heat exchanger and a low-pressure water pump which are sequentially connected to the fifth pipeline, the water outlet of the second water storage tank being connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger, the water inlet of the second water storage tank being connected to one end of the low-pressure water pump, and the other end of the low-pressure water pump being connected to the second liquid outlet of the heat exchanger; A heating branch, the heating branch includes a sixth pipeline and a heater core arranged on the sixth pipeline, one end of the heater core is connected to the low-pressure water pump, and the other end of the heater core is connected to the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger.

7. The fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second heat exchange branch further includes: a heating element, one end of which is communicated with the water outlet of the second water storage tank, and the other end of which is communicated with the second liquid inlet of the heat exchanger.

8. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake branch further includes: an air filter, one end of the air filter is connected to the air intake of the air compressor, and the other end of the air filter is used to connect to the external environment.

9. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake branch further includes: a first stop valve, one end of which is in communication with the first air intake port of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of which is in communication with the intercooler; The gas outlet branch further includes: a second stop valve and a muffler, one end of the second stop valve is communicated with the first gas outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the second stop valve is communicated with the muffler.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises: Car body; And the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fuel cell system is arranged on the vehicle body.

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