Device for rapidly measuring concentration of single pollutant in water by utilizing optical principle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment, in particular to a device for quickly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water by utilizing an optical principle, which comprises a wastewater flow channel, a transparent section is arranged on the surface of the wastewater flow channel, the transparent section consists of double-side cylindrical surfaces, and the double-side cylindrical surfaces can form a concave lens; a target plate is arranged on one side of the wastewater flow channel and is used for receiving light to work; a parallel light source is arranged on the side, away from the target plate, of the waste water flow channel, and light rays emitted by the parallel light source are refracted twice through the concave lens, diverged at a large angle and projected on the target plate. Based on the optical principle, according to different refractive indexes of liquid with different concentrations to light rays, the difference is amplified through the concave lens and then projected on the target plate, the reading on the target plate is read in real time, and the concentration of pollutants in the waste liquid is reversely deduced; and the resolution ratio is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment, in particular to a device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water by utilizing optical principles. Background Art

[0002] Industrial wastewater refers to wastewater and waste liquid discharged during the process of production. It contains industrial production materials, intermediate products, by-products and pollutants generated during the production process that are lost with water. It is an important cause of environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Although the treatment of industrial wastewater began as early as the end of the 19th century, due to the complex composition and changeable nature of many industrial wastewaters, there are still some technical problems that have not been completely solved.

[0003] In industrial wastewater treatment, the concentration of pollutants is a key indicator, such as COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, color substances, etc. When using conventional instruments for offline detection, there are many steps to be done, it takes a long time, and the data provided cannot reflect the real-time status; if online detection methods are used, the existing equipment is based on chemical principles, and the equipment and reagents are very expensive. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water by using optical principles, so as to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology that the instrument has many links and takes a long time to detect offline, and the equipment and reagents are very expensive during chemical treatment.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a device for rapidly determining the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles, comprising a wastewater flow channel, a surface of which is provided with a transparent section, and the transparent section is composed of a double-sided cylinder, which forms a concave lens; a target plate is provided on one side of the wastewater flow channel, and the target plate is used to receive light for work; a parallel light source is provided on the side of the wastewater flow channel away from the target plate, and the light emitted by the parallel light source is diverged at a large angle after being refracted twice by the concave lens and projected onto the target plate.

[0006] Preferably, a central processing unit is provided on one side of the target plate, and the central processing unit and the target plate are electrically connected to each other.

[0007] Preferably, the transparent section is a flow channel made of glass containing the rare earth element lanthanum, and the shape of the transparent section is cylindrical or parabolic.

[0008] Preferably, the longitudinal section of the target plate is a flat plate or an arc-shaped curved surface.

[0009] Preferably, a three-phase coupler is provided at one end of the central processing unit, and the three-phase coupler and the central processing unit are electrically connected to each other.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: when the device for rapidly determining the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles is used, a transparent section is arranged on the wastewater flow channel. In order to increase the refraction effect, the flow channel can be made of glass containing the rare earth element lanthanum, and its shape is a cylindrical surface or a parabola, forming a concave lens; a parallel light source is arranged on one side of the transparent section, and the light is directed to the flow channel and passes through the wastewater and is emitted from the other side as refracted light, and finally hits the target plate. When the total nitrogen concentration is zero, there is pure water in the flow channel; at the same time, because the refraction angle is related to the material of the concave lens and the air, the refracted light changes when the lens medium changes. The position where the line hits the target plate also changes, and the reading on the scale is also different. After reading the number, the refractive index of the lens medium can be inferred, and the pollutant concentration can be calculated based on the pre-calibrated relationship curve between the refractive index and the pollutant concentration or the table numbers; the core technology of the utility model is based on optical principles. According to the different refractive indices of liquids of different concentrations to light, this difference is magnified by a concave lens and then projected onto the target plate. The reading on the target plate is read in real time to infer the concentration of pollutants in the waste liquid. At the same time, the refractive characteristics of the concave lens and the amplification effect of the refracted light are used to greatly improve the resolution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional appearance structure of the utility model;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of the flat target plate of the utility model;

[0013] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of the arc-shaped target plate of the utility model.

[0014] In the figure: 1. wastewater flow channel; 11. transparent section; 2. parallel light source; 3. target plate; 4. central processing unit; 5. three-phase coupler. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "upper, lower, left, right", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. At the same time, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] The utility model provides a device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a wastewater flow channel 1, the surface of which is provided with a transparent section 11, and the transparent section 11 is composed of a double-sided cylinder, which forms a concave lens, and the transparent section 11 is a flow channel made of glass containing the rare earth element lanthanum, and the shape of the transparent section 11 is a cylindrical surface or a parabola.

[0017] In our daily life, when light passes through the interface of different media, it will be refracted and it conforms to the law of refraction. The degree of refraction depends on the optical and geometric properties of the media on both sides of the interface, such as the interface between air and water, the interface between air and glass, etc.

[0018] The law of refraction (Snell's law) means that when light is incident on the interface of different media, reflection and refraction will occur, where the incident light and the refracted light are located in the same plane, and the angles with the interface normal satisfy the following relationship: n1·sin(i)=n2·sin(r), where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media respectively, i is the angle between the incident light and the interface normal, called the angle of incidence; r is the angle between the refracted light and the interface normal, called the angle of refraction.

[0019] Specifically, substances dissolved in water will affect the refractive properties of water. For example, the concentration of total nitrogen will be reflected in the refractive index of wastewater. With this as the starting point, the concentration of pollutants in wastewater can be calculated by monitoring the refractive index. When light passes through wastewater containing certain pollutants, such as total nitrogen, the refraction angle r is related to the total nitrogen concentration. When the total nitrogen changes, the refracted light swings around the refraction point. According to the above formula, the larger the refractive index n2, the smaller the refraction angle r, corresponding to a high concentration of total nitrogen; otherwise, it is a low concentration of total nitrogen.

[0020] Furthermore, if Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 As shown, a target plate 3 with a scale is provided on one side of the wastewater flow channel 1, and the target plate 3 is used to receive light. A parallel light source 2 is provided on the side of the wastewater flow channel 1 away from the target plate 3. The light emitted by the parallel light source 2 is refracted twice by a concave lens and then diverges at a large angle and is projected onto the target plate 3. The refractive index of the wastewater is determined by the concentration of the pollutant. Therefore, when the concentration changes, the position of the refracted light projected on the target plate 3 also changes. According to the position of the target point, it is compared with a pre-calibrated curve to reversely calculate the pollutant concentration.

[0021] In the utility model, during implementation, a transparent section 11 is arranged on the wastewater flow channel 1. In order to increase the refraction effect, the flow channel can be made of glass containing the rare earth element lanthanum, and its shape is a cylindrical surface or a parabola, forming a concave lens. A parallel light source 2 is arranged on one side of the transparent section 11. The light is emitted to the flow channel and passes through the wastewater and is emitted from the other side as refracted light, and finally hits the target plate 3. When the total nitrogen concentration is zero, there is pure water in the flow channel.

[0022] Furthermore, if Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, a central processing unit 4 is provided on one side of the target plate 3, and the central processing unit 4 and the target plate 3 are electrically connected to each other. The longitudinal section of the target plate 3 is a flat plate or an arc-shaped surface. A three-phase coupler 5 is provided at one end of the central processing unit 4, and the three-phase coupler 5 and the central processing unit 4 are electrically connected to each other.

[0023] During implementation, the central processing unit 4 can store information such as the mirror equation of the concave lens, the target plate distance, the refractive index-concentration curve, and the target position when the concentration is zero; the processing unit can dynamically collect the position parameters of the target C at different concentrations, convert them into concentrations and output them; and the processing unit can consider the mutual influence of multiple water quality parameters. The specific method is: calibrate the refractive index under different concentration combinations, obtain several multidimensional digital tables, save them to the memory, and when it is necessary to consider the influence of multiple parameters at the same time, obtain a system of equations through interpolation and simultaneous equations, and the solution of the system of equations is the answer to the influence of multiple factors.

[0024] For example, in actual implementation, for a certain wastewater sample, total nitrogen is the only pollutant. In order to quickly detect the total nitrogen concentration, the water sample is injected into a transparent channel to form a concave lens, and a parallel light source 2 is set on one side of the concave lens. The light is directed to the lens and diffuses outward at a large angle after two refractions. A target plate 3 is set up at a distance of 3 to 20 meters from the lens, with the center line located on the symmetry plane of the lens; in the laboratory, different water samples are used to calibrate the target plate 3, and different total nitrogen concentrations are marked on the target plate 3, and digital processing is performed and stored in the processing unit. The target plate 3 can be a flat plate or a curved surface, and a photosensitive material can be applied to the surface of the target plate 3 to sense the light projected thereon; the curved target plate 3 is used when the refraction angle is insensitive to the solution concentration. The curved surface will reflect and amplify the light projected thereon again to improve the resolution. At this time, the target plate 3 can be arranged horizontally or obliquely.

[0025] Working principle: When in use, a transparent section 11 is set on the wastewater flow channel 1. In order to increase the refraction effect, the flow channel can be made of glass containing the rare earth element lanthanum, and its shape is a cylinder or a parabola, forming a concave lens; a parallel light source 2 is set on one side of the transparent section 11, and the light is emitted to the flow channel and passes through the wastewater and is emitted from the other side as refracted light, and finally hits the target plate 3. When the total nitrogen concentration is zero, there is pure water in the flow channel.

[0026] During use, since the refraction angle is related to the material of the concave lens and the air, the position where the refracted light hits the target plate 3 changes when the lens medium changes, and the reading on the scale is also different. After reading the numbers, the refractive index of the lens medium can be inferred, and the pollutant concentration can be calculated based on the pre-calibrated relationship curve between the refractive index and the pollutant concentration or the table numbers; the core technology of the utility model is to utilize the refractive characteristics of the concave lens and the amplification effect of the refracted light to greatly improve the resolution, so the accuracy of the detection result can be achieved by adjusting the distance between the flow channel and the target plate 3.

[0027] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be regarded as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles, comprising a wastewater flow channel (1), characterized in that: The surface of the wastewater flow channel (1) is provided with a transparent section (11), and the transparent section (11) is composed of a double-sided cylindrical surface, and the double-sided cylindrical surface forms a concave lens; a target plate (3) is provided on one side of the wastewater flow channel (1), and the target plate (3) is used to receive light for operation; a parallel light source (2) is provided on the side of the wastewater flow channel (1) away from the target plate (3), and the light emitted by the parallel light source (2) is refracted twice by the concave lens and then diverges at a large angle and is projected onto the target plate (3).

2. The device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles according to claim 1, characterized in that: A central processing unit (4) is provided on one side of the target plate (3), and the central processing unit (4) and the target plate (3) are electrically connected to each other.

3. The device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent section (11) is a flow channel made of glass containing the rare earth element lanthanum, and the shape of the transparent section (11) is a cylindrical surface or a parabola.

4. The device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the target plate (3) is a flat plate or an arc-shaped curved surface.

5. The device for rapidly measuring the concentration of a single pollutant in water using optical principles according to claim 2, characterized in that: A three-phase coupler (5) is provided at one end of the central processing unit (4), and the three-phase coupler (5) and the central processing unit (4) are electrically connected to each other.

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