Hydrogen energy fuel cell stack

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogen energy fuel cell stack which comprises an upper end plate, a lower end plate, a plurality of bipolar plates and membrane electrodes, the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes are positioned between the upper end plate and the lower end plate and are alternately stacked, and each bipolar plate comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate and a metal cooling plate positioned between the anode plate and the cathode plate. One end of each of the anode plate, the cathode plate and the metal cooling plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a reaction air inlet, the other end of each of the anode plate, the cathode plate and the metal cooling plate is provided with a hydrogen outlet and a reaction air outlet, the anode plate is provided with a plurality of first grooves, and the adjacent first grooves are separated by first ridges; the cathode plate is provided with a plurality of second grooves, and the adjacent second grooves are separated by second ridges; the first ridge strip is provided with at least one fifth concave part in the extending direction of the first ridge strip, and the second ridge strip is provided with at least one sixth concave part in the extending direction of the second ridge strip. According to the hydrogen energy fuel cell stack, the balance of the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, so that the overall power generation efficiency of the cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell stack. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing use of traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels, people are trying to find a new energy technology that can replace traditional energy to reduce environmental pollution and harm to organisms. Hydrogen fuel cells are electrochemical power generation devices that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Their single cells are composed of plates, membrane electrodes and corresponding sealing components. Hydrogen passes through the flow channel in the plate and undergoes an oxidation reaction on one side of the membrane electrode (i.e., the negative electrode), and a reduction reaction occurs on the other side of the air membrane electrode (i.e., the positive electrode). The entire process forms an electron flow in the external circuit, thereby generating electrical energy. The entire process is zero pollution, zero emission, and the product contains only water. It is a clean energy conversion device, so it has received attention and attention from various countries, becoming a hot topic of research in various countries, and has been widely used. The existing hydrogen fuel cell stack has poor balance in power generation efficiency, which affects the overall power generation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell stack, which improves the balance of fuel cell power generation efficiency, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the battery, and also avoids the flooding effect caused by excessive water generated locally due to differences in reaction rates of membrane electrodes and not being removed in time, thereby improving the reliability of battery use.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a hydrogen fuel cell stack, comprising an upper end plate, a lower end plate and a plurality of bipolar plates and membrane electrodes alternately stacked between the upper end plate and the lower end plate, characterized in that: the bipolar plate comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate and a metal cooling plate located between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the anode plate, the cathode plate and the metal cooling plate each have a hydrogen inlet and a reaction air inlet at one end, and each have a hydrogen outlet and a reaction air outlet at the other end;

[0005] The surface of the anode plate opposite to the metal cooling plate is provided with a plurality of first grooves, and adjacent first grooves are separated by first ridges. The anode plate is provided with a first sealing ring in sealing contact with the membrane electrode around the first grooves and the first ridges, and a second sealing ring in sealing contact with the membrane electrode is provided around the reaction air inlet and the reaction air outlet of the anode plate;

[0006] The cathode plate is provided with a plurality of second grooves on the surface opposite to the metal cooling plate, and adjacent second grooves are separated by second ridges. The cathode plate is provided with a third sealing ring in sealing contact with the membrane electrode around the second grooves and the second ridges, and a fourth sealing ring in sealing contact with the membrane electrode is provided around the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the cathode plate;

[0007] The first ridge has at least one fifth recessed portion along its extending direction, and the second ridge has at least one sixth recessed portion along its extending direction.

[0008] The further improved scheme in the above technical scheme is as follows:

[0009] 1. In the above scheme, there are a plurality of first cavities distributed at intervals between the metal cooling plate and the anode plate, and a plurality of second cavities distributed at intervals between the metal cooling plate and the cathode plate, and the first cavities and the second cavities are alternately distributed in the plane direction.

[0010] 2. In the above scheme, the opening areas of the reaction air inlet and the reaction air outlet are both larger than the opening areas of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet.

[0011] 3. In the above scheme, the opening area of ​​the reaction air inlet and the reaction air outlet is 2 to 5 times the opening area of ​​the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet.

[0012] 4. In the above scheme, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are arranged diagonally.

[0013] 5. In the above scheme, the reaction air inlet and the reaction air outlet are arranged diagonally.

[0014] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0015] 1. In the hydrogen fuel cell stack of the utility model, a plurality of first grooves are provided on the surface of the anode plate opposite to the metal cooling plate, and adjacent first grooves are separated by first ridges; a plurality of second grooves are provided on the surface of the cathode plate opposite to the metal cooling plate, and adjacent second grooves are separated by second ridges; the first ridge has at least one fifth recessed portion along its extension direction, and the second ridge has at least one sixth recessed portion along its extension direction, so that the fuel hydrogen and the reaction air flow more evenly in their respective grooves, thereby improving the balance of the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the battery as a whole, and avoiding the flooding effect caused by excessive water generated locally due to the difference in reaction rate of the membrane electrode and not being removed in time, thereby improving the reliability of the battery.

[0016] 2. The hydrogen fuel cell stack of the utility model has a plurality of first cavities distributed at intervals between the metal cooling plate and the anode plate, and a plurality of second cavities distributed at intervals between the metal cooling plate and the cathode plate. The first cavities and the second cavities are alternately distributed in the plane direction to separate the reaction air and the cooling air, and cool the anode plate and the cathode plate at the same time, thereby ensuring the consistency of cooling and improving the humidity inside the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Attached Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell stack of the utility model;

[0018] Attached Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the bipolar plate of the utility model;

[0019] Attached Figure 3 It is a bottom view structural diagram of the bipolar plate of the utility model;

[0020] Attached Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal cooling plate of the utility model;

[0021] Attached Figure 5 For attachment Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at center A;

[0022] Attached Figure 6 For attachment Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at C in the middle;

[0023] Attached Figure 7 For attachment Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the BB cross-section structure of the middle cathode plate.

[0024] In the above drawings: 1. upper end plate; 2. lower end plate; 3. bipolar plate; 4. membrane electrode; 5. anode plate; 51. first groove; 52. first ridge; 6. cathode plate; 61. second groove; 62. second ridge; 7. metal cooling plate; 71. first cavity; 72. second cavity; 81. hydrogen inlet; 82. hydrogen outlet; 91. reaction air inlet; 92. reaction air outlet; 101. first sealing ring; 102. second sealing ring; 111. third sealing ring; 112. fourth sealing ring; 12. fifth recess; 13. sixth recess. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention can be further understood through the specific embodiments given below, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment 1: A hydrogen fuel cell stack, comprising an upper end plate 1, a lower end plate 2, and a plurality of bipolar plates 3 and membrane electrodes 4 alternately stacked between the upper end plate 1 and the lower end plate 2, characterized in that: the bipolar plate 3 comprises an anode plate 5, a cathode plate 6, and a metal cooling plate 7 located between the anode plate 5 and the cathode plate 6, wherein the anode plate 5, the cathode plate 6, and the metal cooling plate 7 each have a hydrogen inlet 81 and a reaction air inlet 91 at one end thereof, and each have a hydrogen outlet 82 and a reaction air outlet 92 at the other end thereof;

[0027] The surface of the anode plate 5 opposite to the metal cooling plate 7 is provided with a plurality of first grooves 51, and adjacent first grooves 51 are separated by first ridges 52. The anode plate 5 is provided with a first sealing ring 101 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4 around the first grooves 51 and the first ridges 52, and the reaction air inlet 91 and the reaction air outlet 92 of the anode plate 5 are both provided with a second sealing ring 102 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4.

[0028] The cathode plate 6 is provided with a plurality of second grooves 61 on the surface opposite to the metal cooling plate 7, and adjacent second grooves 61 are separated by second ridges 62. The cathode plate 6 is provided with a third sealing ring 111 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4 around the second grooves 61 and the second ridges 62, and a fourth sealing ring 112 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4 is provided around the hydrogen inlet 81 and the hydrogen outlet 82 of the cathode plate 6.

[0029] The first ridge 52 has at least one fifth recessed portion 12 along its extending direction, and the second ridge 62 has at least one sixth recessed portion 13 along its extending direction.

[0030] The opening areas of the reaction air inlet 91 and the reaction air outlet 92 are three times the opening areas of the hydrogen inlet 81 and the hydrogen outlet 82 .

[0031] There are a plurality of first cavities 71 spaced apart between the metal cooling plate 7 and the anode plate 5 , and a plurality of second cavities 72 spaced apart between the metal cooling plate 7 and the cathode plate 6 . The first cavities 71 and the second cavities 72 are alternately distributed in the plane direction.

[0032] The first cavity 71 and the second cavity 72 are distributed along the length direction of the bipolar plate 3 .

[0033] Embodiment 2: A hydrogen fuel cell stack, comprising an upper end plate 1, a lower end plate 2, and a plurality of bipolar plates 3 and membrane electrodes 4 alternately stacked between the upper end plate 1 and the lower end plate 2, characterized in that: the bipolar plate 3 comprises an anode plate 5, a cathode plate 6, and a metal cooling plate 7 located between the anode plate 5 and the cathode plate 6, and the anode plate 5, the cathode plate 6 and the metal cooling plate 7 each have a hydrogen inlet 81 and a reaction air inlet 91 at one end thereof, and each have a hydrogen outlet 82 and a reaction air outlet 92 at the other end thereof;

[0034] The surface of the anode plate 5 opposite to the metal cooling plate 7 is provided with a plurality of first grooves 51, and adjacent first grooves 51 are separated by first ridges 52. The anode plate 5 is provided with a first sealing ring 101 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4 around the first grooves 51 and the first ridges 52, and the reaction air inlet 91 and the reaction air outlet 92 of the anode plate 5 are both provided with a second sealing ring 102 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4.

[0035] The cathode plate 6 is provided with a plurality of second grooves 61 on the surface opposite to the metal cooling plate 7, and adjacent second grooves 61 are separated by second ridges 62. The cathode plate 6 is provided with a third sealing ring 111 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4 around the second grooves 61 and the second ridges 62, and a fourth sealing ring 112 in sealing contact with the membrane electrode 4 is provided around the hydrogen inlet 81 and the hydrogen outlet 82 of the cathode plate 6.

[0036] The first ridge 52 has at least one fifth recessed portion 12 along its extending direction, and the second ridge 62 has at least one sixth recessed portion 13 along its extending direction.

[0037] There are a plurality of first cavities 71 spaced apart between the metal cooling plate 7 and the anode plate 5 , and a plurality of second cavities 72 spaced apart between the metal cooling plate 7 and the cathode plate 6 . The first cavities 71 and the second cavities 72 are alternately distributed in the plane direction.

[0038] The opening areas of the reaction air inlet 91 and the reaction air outlet 92 are four times the opening areas of the hydrogen inlet 81 and the hydrogen outlet 82 .

[0039] The hydrogen inlet 81 and the hydrogen outlet 82 are arranged diagonally.

[0040] The reaction air inlet 91 and the reaction air outlet 92 are arranged diagonally.

[0041] The first cavity 71 and the second cavity 72 are distributed along the length direction of the bipolar plate 3 .

[0042] When the hydrogen fuel cell stack is used, the surface of the anode plate opposite to the metal cooling plate is provided with a plurality of first grooves, and the adjacent first grooves are separated by the first ridges. The surface of the cathode plate opposite to the metal cooling plate is provided with a plurality of second grooves, and the adjacent second grooves are separated by the second ridges. The first ridge has at least one fifth recessed portion along its extension direction, and the second ridge has at least one sixth recessed portion along its extension direction, so that the fuel hydrogen and the reaction air flow more evenly in their respective grooves, improving the balance of the fuel cell power generation efficiency, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the battery, and avoiding the flooding effect caused by the excessive water generated locally due to the difference in the reaction rate of the membrane electrode, which is not removed in time, and improving the reliability of the battery. In addition, there are a plurality of first cavities distributed at intervals between the metal cooling plate and the anode plate, and a plurality of second cavities distributed at intervals between the metal cooling plate and the cathode plate. The first cavity and the second cavity are alternately distributed in the plane direction, so that the reaction air and the cooling air are separated, and the anode plate and the cathode plate are cooled at the same time, ensuring the consistency of cooling, and improving the humidity inside the battery.

[0043] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the utility model, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the utility model and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the utility model. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell stack, comprising an upper end plate (1), a lower end plate (2), and a plurality of bipolar plates (3) and membrane electrodes (4) alternately stacked between the upper end plate (1) and the lower end plate (2), characterized in that: The bipolar plate (3) comprises an anode plate (5), a cathode plate (6) and a metal cooling plate (7) located between the anode plate (5) and the cathode plate (6); the anode plate (5), the cathode plate (6) and the metal cooling plate (7) each have a hydrogen inlet (81) and a reaction air inlet (91) at one end thereof, and each have a hydrogen outlet (82) and a reaction air outlet (92) at the other end thereof; The surface of the anode plate (5) opposite to the metal cooling plate (7) is provided with a plurality of first grooves (51), and adjacent first grooves (51) are separated by first ridges (52); the anode plate (5) is provided with a first sealing ring (101) in sealing contact with the membrane electrode (4) around the first grooves (51) and the first ridges (52); and the reaction air inlet (91) and the reaction air outlet (92) of the anode plate (5) are both provided with a second sealing ring (102) in sealing contact with the membrane electrode (4); The cathode plate (6) is provided with a plurality of second grooves (61) on the surface opposite to the metal cooling plate (7), and adjacent second grooves (61) are separated by second ridges (62); the cathode plate (6) is provided with a third sealing ring (111) in sealing contact with the membrane electrode (4) around the second grooves (61) and the second ridges (62); and the cathode plate (6) is provided with a fourth sealing ring (112) in sealing contact with the membrane electrode (4) around the hydrogen inlet (81) and the hydrogen outlet (82); The first ridge (52) has at least one fifth recessed portion (12) along its extension direction, and the second ridge (62) has at least one sixth recessed portion (13) along its extension direction.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first cavities (71) are arranged at intervals between the metal cooling plate (7) and the anode plate (5), and a plurality of second cavities (72) are arranged at intervals between the metal cooling plate (7) and the cathode plate (6), wherein the first cavities (71) and the second cavities (72) are alternately arranged in a plane direction.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The opening areas of the reaction air inlet (91) and the reaction air outlet (92) are both larger than the opening areas of the hydrogen inlet (81) and the hydrogen outlet (82).

4. The hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 3, characterized in that: The opening areas of the reaction air inlet (91) and the reaction air outlet (92) are 2 to 5 times the opening areas of the hydrogen inlet (81) and the hydrogen outlet (82).

5. The hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet (81) and the hydrogen outlet (82) are arranged diagonally.

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