Inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle

By designing the treatment mechanism and filtering mechanism of the inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recycling vehicle, the problems of waste liquid splashing and corrosion are solved, and more efficient neutralization and filtration effects are achieved, and the equipment is kept clean and safe.

CN222821338UActive Publication Date: 2025-05-02HEBEI HUIBAO CHEM TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202421119908.X
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-05-22
Publication Date
2025-05-02
Estimated Expiration
2034-05-22

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

During the acid-base neutralization process of existing inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment devices, waste liquid is prone to splash on the inner wall of the tank, resulting in adhesion and corrosion of the acid-base waste liquid.

Method used

An inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recycling vehicle was designed, including a treatment mechanism and a filtration mechanism. The treatment mechanism scrapes and neutralizes the waste liquid through a scraper and a stirring rod to prevent corrosion; the filter mechanism uses an activated carbon filter to adsorb impurities and can be replaced and cleaned.

Benefits of technology

Effectively prevent waste liquid from corroding the inner wall of the tank, improve neutralization efficiency, keep the equipment clean, and avoid unnecessary chemical reactions.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment, and discloses an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle which comprises a recovery vehicle body, an installation frame is fixedly installed on the top of the recovery vehicle body, a treatment mechanism is arranged on the top of the recovery vehicle body, and a filtering mechanism is arranged on the top of the recovery vehicle body. An acid waste liquid tank, an alkaline waste liquid tank and a neutralization waste liquid tank are fixedly mounted in the mounting frame, the treatment mechanism comprises a cleaning assembly and a synchronization assembly, and the synchronization assembly is arranged at the top of the cleaning assembly. A first scraper and a second scraper rotate to scrape waste liquid left in the acid waste liquid tank, the alkaline waste liquid tank and the neutralization waste liquid tank, the waste liquid is prevented from corroding the inner wall, the inner wall is kept clean and tidy, a stirring rod rotates to fully mix solutions in the neutralization waste liquid tank, the chemical waste liquid neutralization efficiency is improved, and the treatment effect is better.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment, in particular to an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the laboratory, there is often waste liquid after the experiment. Some of these waste liquids are acidic liquids, some are alkaline liquids, and some are neutral liquids. Normally, neutral waste liquids can be discharged directly, but acidic and alkaline waste liquids cannot be dumped directly for treatment. Otherwise, the acidic and alkaline waste liquids will enter the river through the sewer, causing serious water pollution. Therefore, an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle is needed.

[0003] According to the description of a chemical waste liquid treatment device disclosed in the patent website (authorization announcement number: CN 217947838U), "The utility model discloses a chemical waste liquid treatment device, which relates to the field of waste liquid treatment technology, including a support frame, one side of which is provided with a handrail; it also includes an acid waste liquid tank, which is arranged at the upper end of the support frame, and the top of the acid waste liquid tank is provided with a top cover, and the top of the top cover is provided with a closing cover, and one end of the closing cover is connected to the top cover by a hinge; it also includes an adsorption tank, which is arranged at the upper end of the acid waste liquid tank, and activated carbon is placed inside the adsorption tank, and a filter layer is provided at the lower end of the adsorption tank, and a filter screen is provided inside the filter layer. In this way, the gas and impurities in the waste liquid are filtered, which is convenient for the later treatment of the waste liquid and the cleaning of the barrel, thereby avoiding unnecessary chemical reactions."

[0004] In view of the above description, the applicant believes that there are the following problems:

[0005] During use, the utility model neutralizes and stirs the filtered chemical waste liquid under the action of the set stirring shaft and its stirring blades, and enhances the neutralization efficiency of the chemical waste liquid through the neutralizing liquid in the liquid storage tank. However, in actual use, when the acid-base neutralization operation is performed inside the neutralization waste liquid tank through the acid waste liquid tank and the alkaline waste liquid tank, it is inevitable that the waste liquid will splash on the inner wall of the tank during the process of passing the waste liquid, causing the acid and alkaline waste liquid to adhere to the inner wall of the tank, which is easy to corrode the inner wall of the tank over time. Therefore, it is necessary to improve an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model aims to provide an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle, comprising a recovery vehicle body, a mounting frame fixedly mounted on the top of the recovery vehicle body, a processing mechanism disposed on the top of the recovery vehicle body, a filtering mechanism disposed on the top of the recovery vehicle body, an acid waste liquid tank fixedly mounted inside the mounting frame, an alkaline waste liquid tank fixedly mounted inside the mounting frame, and a neutralization waste liquid tank fixedly mounted inside the mounting frame;

[0008] The processing mechanism comprises a cleaning component and a synchronization component, and the synchronization component is arranged on the top of the cleaning component.

[0009] Preferably, the cleaning assembly includes a leather wheel 1, which is rotatably installed on the left side of the mounting frame, a belt is installed for transmission on the outer side of the leather wheel 1, and a leather wheel 2 is installed for transmission on the end of the belt away from the leather wheel 1, a scraper 1 is fixedly installed on the right side of the leather wheel 1, a stirring rod is fixedly installed on the inner side of the scraper 1, a liquid storage tank is fixedly installed on the right side of the mounting frame, and a connecting pipe is fixedly installed on the bottom of the liquid storage tank, and the scrapers 1 and 2 rotate to scrape the residual waste liquid in the acid waste liquid tank, the alkaline waste liquid tank and the neutralization waste liquid tank, and scrape the residual waste liquid on the inner wall to prevent the waste liquid from corroding the inner wall and keep the inner wall clean and tidy.

[0010] Preferably, a through hole is opened at the corresponding position of the neutralization waste liquid tank and the scraper, and the scraper passes through the through hole and is fixedly installed with a pulley, the end of the connecting pipe away from the liquid storage tank is fixedly installed with the neutralization waste liquid tank, and a liquid outlet pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom of the neutralization waste liquid tank to clean the inner wall.

[0011] Preferably, the synchronization component includes a power box, the power box is fixedly installed on the inner side of the mounting frame, a rotating rod is rotatably installed inside the power box, a bevel gear 1 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the rotating rod, a bevel gear 2 is rotatably installed inside the power box, a scraper 2 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the bevel gear 2, a drain pipe is fixedly installed on the bottom of the acidic waste liquid tank, a flow control valve is arranged inside the drain pipe, a motor is fixedly installed on the right side of the mounting frame, and a liquid inlet pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the acidic waste liquid tank, so that one driving source can complete the cleaning of the inner walls of the acidic waste liquid tank, the alkaline waste liquid tank and the neutralization waste liquid tank.

[0012] Preferably, the output end of the motor is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod, the right side of the second pulley is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod, the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are symmetrically distributed at the center position of the rotating rod, and the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear, and two groups of scraper 2, drain pipe, inlet pipe and flow control valve are provided, and are respectively arranged inside the acidic waste liquid tank and the alkaline waste liquid tank to control the flow.

[0013] Preferably, the filtering mechanism includes a fixed box, the fixed box is fixedly installed on the outside of the liquid inlet pipe, a spring is fixedly installed inside the fixed box, a clamping block 1 is fixedly installed on the end of the spring away from the fixed box, a connecting rod is fixedly installed on the end of the clamping block 1 close to the spring, a pinching block is fixedly installed on the end of the connecting rod away from the clamping block 1, an activated carbon filter is arranged inside the liquid inlet pipe, a connecting frame is fixedly installed on the top of the activated carbon filter, and a clamping block 2 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting frame to adsorb and filter impurities in the waste liquid, and the activated carbon filter is removed, replaced and cleaned to facilitate the next adsorption and filtration operation of the impurities in the waste liquid, thereby avoiding unnecessary chemical reactions.

[0014] Preferably, through holes are opened at corresponding positions of the fixed box and the second clamping block, and the second clamping block passes through the through hole to clamp with the first clamping block, and the filtering mechanism is respectively arranged inside the liquid inlet pipes of the acid waste liquid tank and the alkaline waste liquid tank, so as to facilitate adsorption and filtration of the waste liquid.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle, through the treatment mechanism set up, during use, the scraper 1 and the scraper 2 rotate to scrape the residual waste liquid in the acid waste liquid tank, the alkaline waste liquid tank and the neutralization waste liquid tank, and scrape the residual waste liquid on the inner wall to prevent the waste liquid from corroding the inner wall and keep the inner wall clean and tidy. The stirring rod rotates to fully mix the solution in the neutralization waste liquid tank, so that the neutralization efficiency of the chemical waste liquid is enhanced and the treatment effect is better.

[0017] 2. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle has a filtering mechanism set up. During use, the waste liquid is adsorbed and filtered by the activated carbon filter, and the impurities in the waste liquid are adsorbed and filtered. The activated carbon filter is removed, replaced and cleaned, so as to facilitate the next adsorption and filtration operation of the impurities in the waste liquid, thereby avoiding unnecessary chemical reactions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the processing mechanism of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cleaning component of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the synchronization component of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the filtering mechanism of the utility model.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Recovery vehicle body; 2. Processing mechanism; 21. Cleaning component; 211. Pulley 1; 212. Belt; 213. Pulley 2; 214. Scraper 1; 215. Stirring rod; 216. Liquid storage tank; 217. Connecting pipe; 22. Synchronous component; 221. Power box; 222. Rotating rod; 223. Bevel gear 1; 224. Bevel gear 2; 225. Scraper 2; 226. Drain pipe; 227. Liquid inlet pipe; 228. Flow control valve; 229. Motor; 3. Filter mechanism; 31. Fixed box; 32. Spring; 33. Snap-on block 1; 34. Connecting rod; 35. Pinch block; 36. Activated carbon filter; 37. Connecting frame; 38. Snap-on block 2; 4. Mounting frame; 5. Acid waste liquid tank; 6. Alkaline waste liquid tank; 7. Neutralization waste liquid tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] Embodiment 1:

[0028] See also Figure 1-4The utility model provides a technical solution: an inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recycling vehicle, comprising a recycling vehicle body 1, a mounting frame 4 is fixedly installed on the top of the recycling vehicle body 1, a processing mechanism 2 is arranged on the top of the recycling vehicle body 1, a filtering mechanism 3 is arranged on the top of the recycling vehicle body 1, an acid waste liquid tank 5 is fixedly installed inside the mounting frame 4, an alkaline waste liquid tank 6 is fixedly installed inside the mounting frame 4, and a neutralization waste liquid tank 7 is fixedly installed inside the mounting frame 4;

[0029] The processing mechanism 2 includes a cleaning component 21 and a synchronization component 22 , and the synchronization component 22 is arranged on the top of the cleaning component 21 .

[0030] Furthermore, the cleaning component 21 includes a pulley 211, which is rotatably installed on the left side of the mounting frame 4, a belt 212 is installed on the outer side of the pulley 211 for transmission, and a pulley 213 is installed on the end of the belt 212 away from the pulley 211 for transmission, a scraper 214 is fixedly installed on the right side of the pulley 211, a stirring rod 215 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the scraper 214, a liquid storage tank 216 is fixedly installed on the right side of the mounting frame 4, and a connecting pipe 217 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the liquid storage tank 216, and the scraper 214 and the scraper 225 rotate to scrape the residual waste liquid in the acid waste liquid tank 5, the alkaline waste liquid tank 6 and the neutralization waste liquid tank 7, and scrape the residual waste liquid on the inner wall to prevent the waste liquid from corroding the inner wall and keep the inner wall clean and tidy.

[0031] Furthermore, a through hole is opened at the corresponding position of the neutralization waste liquid tank 7 and the scraper 214, and the scraper 214 passes through the through hole and is fixedly installed with the pulley 211. The end of the connecting pipe 217 away from the liquid storage tank 216 is fixedly installed with the neutralization waste liquid tank 7, and a liquid outlet pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom of the neutralization waste liquid tank 7 to clean the inner wall.

[0032] Furthermore, the synchronization component 22 includes a power box 221, which is fixedly installed on the inner side of the mounting frame 4, a rotating rod 222 is rotatably installed inside the power box 221, a bevel gear 1 223 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the rotating rod 222, a bevel gear 224 is rotatably installed inside the power box 221, a scraper 225 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the bevel gear 224, a drain pipe 226 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the acidic waste liquid tank 5, a flow control valve 228 is arranged inside the drain pipe 226, a motor 229 is fixedly installed on the right side of the mounting frame 4, and a liquid inlet pipe 227 is fixedly installed on the top of the acidic waste liquid tank 5, so that one driving source can complete the cleaning of the inner walls of the acidic waste liquid tank 5, the alkaline waste liquid tank 6 and the neutralization waste liquid tank 7.

[0033] Furthermore, the output end of the motor 229 is fixedly installed on the rotating rod 222, the right side of the pulley 213 is fixedly installed on the rotating rod 222, the bevel gear 1 223 and the bevel gear 2 224 are symmetrically distributed at the center position of the rotating rod 222, and the bevel gear 1 223 is meshed with the bevel gear 2 224, and the scraper 2 225, the drain pipe 226, the liquid inlet pipe 227 and the flow control valve 228 are each provided with two groups, and are respectively arranged inside the acid waste liquid tank 5 and the alkaline waste liquid tank 6 to control the flow.

[0034] Embodiment two:

[0035] See also Figure 5 , and combined with Example 1, it is further obtained that the filtering mechanism 3 includes a fixed box 31, the fixed box 31 is fixedly installed on the outside of the liquid inlet pipe 227, a spring 32 is fixedly installed inside the fixed box 31, a clamping block 33 is fixedly installed on the end of the spring 32 away from the fixed box 31, a connecting rod 34 is fixedly installed on the end of the clamping block 33 close to the spring 32, and a pinching block 35 is fixedly installed on the end of the connecting rod 34 away from the clamping block 33. An activated carbon filter 36 is arranged inside the liquid inlet pipe 227, a connecting frame 37 is fixedly installed on the top of the activated carbon filter 36, and a clamping block 2 38 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the connecting frame 37, so as to adsorb and filter impurities in the waste liquid, remove the activated carbon filter 36, replace and clean it, so as to facilitate the next adsorption and filtration operation of impurities in the waste liquid, thereby avoiding unnecessary chemical reactions.

[0036] Furthermore, through holes are opened at corresponding positions of the fixed box 31 and the second clamping block 38, and the second clamping block 38 passes through the through hole to clamp with the first clamping block 33, and the filtering mechanism 3 is respectively arranged inside the liquid inlet pipe 227 of the acid waste liquid tank 5 and the alkaline waste liquid tank 6, so as to facilitate adsorption and filtration of the waste liquid.

[0037] In actual operation, when the device is used, the acidic waste liquid is passed into the acidic waste liquid tank 5, and the alkaline waste liquid is passed into the alkaline waste liquid tank 6. After being adsorbed and filtered by the activated carbon filter 36, the impurities in the waste liquid are adsorbed and filtered. The motor 229 is started, and the output end of the motor 229 drives the rotating rod 222 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating rod 222 drives the bevel gear 1 223 to rotate. The rotation of the bevel gear 1 223 drives the bevel gear 2 224 meshing therewith to rotate. The rotation of the bevel gear 224 drives the scraper 2 225 to rotate. The scraper 2 225 rotates to scrape the waste liquid on the inner walls of the acidic waste liquid tank 5 and the alkaline waste liquid tank 6. The flow control valve 228 is started, and the waste liquid is passed into the neutralization waste liquid tank 7. The rotation of the rotating rod 222 drives the leather wheel 213 to rotate. The leather wheel 213 rotates The belt 212 drives the pulley 211 to rotate, thereby rotating the scraper 214 and the stirring rod 215, so that the scraper 214 scrapes the inner wall of the neutralization waste liquid tank 7, and the stirring rod 215 rotates to neutralize the acid and alkaline waste liquid. If the waste liquid after neutralization is acidic or alkaline, the relevant treatment liquid is introduced into the neutralization waste liquid tank 7 through the liquid storage tank 216 and the connecting pipe 217, and the neutralization operation is performed on the neutralization waste liquid tank 7. The waste liquid after neutralization is discharged through the liquid outlet pipe, and the pinching block 35 is pushed outward. The pinching block 35 pulls the clamping block 33 through the connecting rod 34. After the clamping block 33 is pulled, the clamping block 2 38 loses the clamping position of the clamping block 33, and the activated carbon filter 36 is removed, replaced and cleaned, so as to facilitate the adsorption and filtration operation of impurities in the waste liquid next time.

[0038] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

Claims

1. An inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle, comprising a recovery vehicle body (1), characterized in that: A mounting frame (4) is fixedly mounted on the top of the recycling vehicle body (1), a processing mechanism (2) is arranged on the top of the recycling vehicle body (1), a filtering mechanism (3) is arranged on the top of the recycling vehicle body (1), an acid waste liquid tank (5) is fixedly mounted inside the mounting frame (4), an alkaline waste liquid tank (6) is fixedly mounted inside the mounting frame (4), and a neutralization waste liquid tank (7) is fixedly mounted inside the mounting frame (4); The processing mechanism (2) comprises a cleaning component (21) and a synchronization component (22), wherein the synchronization component (22) is arranged on the top of the cleaning component (21).

2. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly (21) comprises a pulley 1 (211), the pulley 1 (211) being rotatably mounted on the left side of the mounting frame (4), a belt (212) being transmission mounted on the outer side of the pulley 1 (211), a pulley 2 (213) being transmission mounted on the end of the belt (212) away from the pulley 1 (211), a scraper 1 (214) being fixedly mounted on the right side of the pulley 1 (211), a stirring rod (215) being fixedly mounted on the inner side of the scraper 1 (214), a liquid storage tank (216) being fixedly mounted on the right side of the mounting frame (4), and a connecting pipe (217) being fixedly mounted on the bottom of the liquid storage tank (216).

3. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: A through hole is provided at a position corresponding to the neutralization waste liquid tank (7) and the scraper plate (214), and the scraper plate (214) passes through the through hole and is fixedly mounted on the pulley (211). The end of the connecting pipe (217) away from the liquid storage tank (216) is fixedly mounted on the neutralization waste liquid tank (7), and a liquid outlet pipe is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the neutralization waste liquid tank (7).

4. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The synchronization component (22) comprises a power box (221), the power box (221) is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the mounting frame (4), a rotating rod (222) is rotatably mounted inside the power box (221), a bevel gear 1 (223) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the rotating rod (222), a bevel gear 2 (224) is rotatably mounted inside the power box (221), a scraper 2 (225) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the bevel gear 2 (224), a drain pipe (226) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the acid waste liquid tank (5), a flow control valve (228) is arranged inside the drain pipe (226), a motor (229) is fixedly mounted on the right side of the mounting frame (4), and a liquid inlet pipe (227) is fixedly mounted on the top of the acid waste liquid tank (5).

5. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The output end of the motor (229) is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod (222), the right side of the second pulley (213) is fixedly mounted on the rotating rod (222), the first bevel gear (223) and the second bevel gear (224) are symmetrically distributed at the center of the rotating rod (222), and the first bevel gear (223) and the second bevel gear (224) are meshed, and the second scraper (225), the drain pipe (226), the liquid inlet pipe (227) and the flow control valve (228) are each provided with two groups, and are respectively arranged inside the acid waste liquid tank (5) and the alkaline waste liquid tank (6).

6. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism (3) comprises a fixed box (31), the fixed box (31) being fixedly mounted on the outside of the liquid inlet pipe (227), a spring (32) being fixedly mounted inside the fixed box (31), a clamping block 1 (33) being fixedly mounted on one end of the spring (32) away from the fixed box (31), a connecting rod (34) being fixedly mounted on one end of the clamping block 1 (33) close to the spring (32), a pinching block (35) being fixedly mounted on one end of the connecting rod (34) away from the clamping block 1 (33), an activated carbon filter screen (36) being arranged inside the liquid inlet pipe (227), a connecting frame (37) being fixedly mounted on the top of the activated carbon filter screen (36), and a clamping block 2 (38) being fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting frame (37).

7. The inorganic chemical waste liquid treatment and recovery vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixing box (31) is provided with through holes at positions corresponding to the second clamping block (38), and the second clamping block (38) passes through the through holes to be clamped with the first clamping block (33), and the filtering mechanism (3) is respectively arranged inside the liquid inlet pipes (227) of the acid waste liquid tank (5) and the alkaline waste liquid tank (6).