Biomass cracking reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biomass cracking reactor which comprises a cracking box body arranged in a high-temperature carbonization chamber, a pretreatment box body formed at the front end of the cracking box body and a rotary box body formed at the rear end of the cracking box body, and the cracking box body consists of an upper cracking box body and a lower cracking box body which are arranged in parallel up and down; the upper cracking box body and the lower cracking box body are provided with cracking gas pipe fittings used for controlling the output position of cracking gas, box chambers of the pretreatment box body, the upper cracking box body, the rotary box body and the lower cracking box body form closed-loop communication to form a biomass rotary channel, and a closed-loop rotary chain plate is arranged in the biomass rotary channel. A bottom plate of the upper cracking box body horizontally and forwards extends towards the pretreatment box body, a water filtering plate is formed, a blanking opening is formed in the end part of the pretreatment box body above the corresponding water filtering plate, and a charcoal outlet is formed below the end part of the pretreatment box body. According to the biomass carbonization device, biomass materials with the water content of 1-35% can be treated, 70% of the biomass materials can be directly carbonized without being dried, and meanwhile the carbonization temperature is controllable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass carbonization technology, specifically to a biomass pyrolysis reactor that can accurately control the carbonization temperature and is applicable to biomass materials with a certain moisture content. Background Technology

[0002] A carbonization furnace is a series of charcoal-making machines that use high-temperature conditions within a furnace to dry distill and anaerobic carbonize carbonized biomass materials such as sawdust, rice husks, peanut shells, plant straw, and bark. Existing carbonization furnaces generally suffer from drawbacks such as uncontrollable carbonization temperature, limited processing options, poor adaptability to biomass raw materials, and difficulty in guaranteeing biomass charcoal yield and quality. In particular, the temperature of biomass during carbonization needs to be strictly controlled within a certain range. However, the pyrolysis process releases a large amount of pyrolysis gas, which further combusts, exacerbating the temperature rise in the carbonization chamber and causing biomass charcoal loss in the pyrolysis reactor. Existing integrated carbonization furnaces, such as those using a smoldering or spiral process, cannot solve the problem of temperature uncertainty caused by the uncontrollable combustion of pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, most biomass materials initially have a certain moisture content, which varies depending on the source. For biomass materials with high moisture content, pretreatment and drying are required before entering the carbonization equipment to bring the moisture content down to a manageable range. Currently, existing integrated carbonization furnaces, such as the smoldering type and the spiral type, can typically only process biomass materials with a moisture content of 1-12%, and the proportion of biomass materials that can be directly processed is no more than 40%. For biomass materials with excessive moisture content, existing integrated carbonization furnaces, such as the smoldering type and the spiral type, cannot process them directly and require significant thermal energy costs and a long drying time. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technologies, this invention provides a biomass pyrolysis reactor that can accurately control the carbonization temperature and is applicable to biomass materials with a certain moisture content.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to achieve the above-mentioned technical effects is:

[0005] A biomass pyrolysis reactor includes a pyrolysis chamber located in a high-temperature carbonization chamber and a reactor molded in the substrate.

[0006] The pyrolysis chamber comprises a pretreatment chamber at the front end and a rotary chamber at the rear end. The pyrolysis chamber is composed of an upper pyrolysis chamber and a lower pyrolysis chamber arranged parallel to each other. The upper and lower pyrolysis chambers are equipped with pyrolysis gas pipes for controlling the output position of the pyrolysis gas. There is a drop space of at least 20 cm between the lower surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber and the upper surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber. The chambers of the pretreatment chamber, upper pyrolysis chamber, rotary chamber, and lower pyrolysis chamber form a closed loop, constituting a biomass rotary channel. A closed-loop rotary chain plate is provided in the biomass rotary channel. The bottom plate of the upper pyrolysis chamber extends horizontally forward towards the pretreatment chamber and is formed with a filter plate. The end of the pretreatment chamber has a material discharge port above the filter plate and a carbon outlet below it.

[0007] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis reactor, the front ends of the upper pyrolysis tank and the lower pyrolysis tank are respectively connected to the chamber of the pretreatment tank, and the rear ends are respectively connected to the chamber of the rotary tank. At the position where the upper pyrolysis tank connects with the pretreatment tank and the rotary tank, a partition vertical plate for sealing both ends of the drop space is provided between the lower surface of the upper pyrolysis tank and the upper surface of the lower pyrolysis tank. Both ends of the drop space are provided with heat-insulating partitions that isolate the pretreatment tank and the rotary tank from the high-temperature carbonization chamber.

[0008] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis gas pipe includes a downward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe, an upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe, and a controllable pyrolysis gas release pipe. The downward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe includes multiple pipes arranged along the length of the upper pyrolysis chamber on its left and right sides, with its upper end connected to the upper surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber and its lower end formed with a pyrolysis gas discharge port bent towards the lower surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber. The upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe includes multiple pipes arranged along the length of the lower pyrolysis chamber and connected to its upper surface, with its upper end facing the lower surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber. The controllable pyrolysis gas release pipe includes multiple pipes arranged along the length of the upper pyrolysis chamber on its upper surface, with its upper end connected to a high-temperature gasification combustion chamber that is separated from the high-temperature carbonization chamber.

[0009] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis reactor, the upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe protrudes 0-5 cm above the upper surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber.

[0010] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis reactor, the end of the filter plate is formed with a downwardly angled chain plate transition section, the carbon outlet is located directly below the chain plate transition section, and the material discharge port is located at least 10 cm downstream of the chain plate transition section.

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis reactor, the surface of the filter plate has filter holes with a pore size of 0.1 to 0.3 cm.

[0012] Preferably, in the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis reactor, a flow guide hood is provided between the two heat-insulating partitions and located above the upper pyrolysis chamber. The left and right sides of the flow guide hood are bent downwards to form flow guide plates.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The biomass pyrolysis reactor of this invention can perform water filtration pretreatment on biomass materials with high moisture content through the pretreatment tank, allowing 70% of the biomass materials to be carbonized directly without a drying process, greatly saving the initial investment and cost of the thermal energy system. During the process of passing through the upper and lower pyrolysis tanks, the biomass materials undergo pyrolysis and carbonization. The pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis process can be output to different locations through pyrolysis gas pipes to avoid a large amount of pyrolysis gas burning in the carbonization chamber, preventing the carbonization temperature from becoming too high, and improving the controllability of the carbonization temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a sectional view of the internal compartment of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention after the insulation partitions at both ends have been removed;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To provide a further understanding of this utility model, the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, will further illustrate the utility model:

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "vertical," "upper," "lower," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of this utility model proposes a...

[0025] A biomass pyrolysis reactor includes a pyrolysis chamber 1 housed in a high-temperature carbonization chamber, a pretreatment chamber 2 formed at the front end of the pyrolysis chamber 1, and a rotary chamber 3 formed at the rear end. Specifically, the pyrolysis chamber 1 is composed of an upper pyrolysis chamber 11 and a lower pyrolysis chamber 12 arranged parallel to each other. The upper pyrolysis chamber 11 and the lower pyrolysis chamber 12 are equipped with pyrolysis gas pipes for controlling the output position of the pyrolysis gas. By controlling the output position of the pyrolysis gas through these pipes, it is possible to prevent the pyrolysis gas from concentrating and burning in the high-temperature carbonization chamber during large-scale release, thus preventing the carbonization temperature from becoming too high. Specifically, as shown... Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the chambers of the pretreatment chamber 2, the upper pyrolysis chamber 11, the rotary chamber 3, and the lower pyrolysis chamber 12 form a closed loop, constituting a biomass rotary channel. A closed-loop rotary chain plate 4 is installed in this biomass rotary channel. The bottom plate of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 extends horizontally forward toward the pretreatment chamber 2, forming a filter plate 14. At the end of the pretreatment chamber 2, a discharge port 21 is located above the corresponding filter plate 14, and a carbon outlet 22 is located below it. The discharge port 21 is connected to an external feeding device. The feeding device sends biomass material into the pretreatment chamber 2 through the discharge port 21. Then, the biomass material falling on the filter plate 14 is pushed forward by the closed-loop rotary chain plate 4. During the pushing process, the water in the biomass material is filtered out by the filter plate 14, which reduces the moisture content of the initially input biomass material to a certain extent. Through the treatment of the filter plate 14, the biomass pyrolysis reactor of this invention can directly carbonize biomass material with a moisture content of 1-35% without the need for a pre-drying process. As the closed-loop rotary chain plate 4 continues to push, the biomass material enters the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 from the filter plate 14. At this time, the high-temperature carbonization chamber has a preheating temperature of about 400 degrees Celsius under the heat energy provided by the externally supplied natural gas, which evaporates the moisture and performs preliminary pyrolysis on the biomass material in the upper pyrolysis chamber 11. As the concentration of pyrolysis gas increases, the pyrolysis gas released into the high-temperature carbonization chamber through the pyrolysis gas pipe begins to spontaneously combust and release high-temperature heat energy, causing the temperature inside the high-temperature carbonization chamber to rapidly reach 500-700 degrees Celsius. At this point, the natural gas supply and ignition in the carbonization chamber cease. All the heat energy inside the high-temperature carbonization chamber is provided by the combustion of the released pyrolysis gas. As the closed-loop rotary chain plate 4 further pushes the biomass material, it rotates into the lower pyrolysis box 12 to further complete pyrolysis and carbonization. After the initial stage, a large amount of pyrolysis gas is released. At this time, the pyrolysis gas pipe controls most of the pyrolysis gas in the upper pyrolysis box 11 to be released into the high-temperature gasification combustion chamber, which is isolated from the high-temperature carbonization chamber, to prevent the temperature inside the carbonization chamber from rising to an uncontrollable level due to excessive combustion of pyrolysis gas.

[0026] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3 As shown, the front ends of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 and the lower pyrolysis chamber 12 are connected to the chambers of the pretreatment chamber 2, and the rear ends are connected to the chambers of the rotary chamber 3. At the junction with the pretreatment chamber 2 and the rotary chamber 3, a partition vertical plate 15 is provided between the lower surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 and the upper surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber 12 to seal both ends of the drop space 13. Figure 5 As shown, the two ends of the drop space 13 are provided with heat-insulating partitions 6 that isolate the pretreatment box 2 and the rotating box 3 from the high-temperature carbonization chamber. The partition vertical plate 15, together with the heat-insulating partitions 6, can keep the drop space 13 in the high-temperature carbonization chamber, avoid communication with the external space, and prevent the heat in the high-temperature carbonization chamber from being transferred out.

[0027] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the pyrolysis gas fitting in this invention includes a downward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 111, an upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 121, and a controllable pyrolysis gas release pipe 112. Multiple downward pyrolysis gas outlet pipes 111 are arranged along the left and right sides of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11. The upper end of the downward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 111 communicates with the upper surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11, and the lower end is formed with a pyrolysis gas discharge port 1111 bent towards the lower surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber 12. A portion of the pyrolysis gas generated in the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 can be discharged through the downward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 111 to the lower surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber 12, concentrating the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas on the lower surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber 12, providing high-temperature heat to the biomass material in the lower pyrolysis chamber 12, and promoting the pyrolysis and carbonization of the biomass material. Figure 2 As shown, the upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 121 includes multiple pipes arranged along the length of the lower pyrolysis chamber 12, connected to the upper surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber 12, with the upper end of the pipe facing the lower surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11. The pyrolysis gas generated in the lower pyrolysis chamber 12 can be released to the lower surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 through the upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 121, so that the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is concentrated on the lower surface of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11, providing high-temperature heat to the biomass material in the upper pyrolysis chamber 11, promoting the pyrolysis and carbonization of the biomass material therein. Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, multiple controllable pyrolysis gas release pipes 112 are arranged along the length of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 on its upper surface. The upper end of each controllable pyrolysis gas release pipe 112 is connected to a high-temperature gasification combustion chamber separated from the high-temperature carbonization chamber. During the large-scale release of pyrolysis gas, a large amount of pyrolysis gas in the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 is released into the high-temperature gasification combustion chamber through the controllable pyrolysis gas release pipes 112, preventing a large amount of pyrolysis gas from being concentrated and burned in the high-temperature carbonization chamber, thus avoiding runaway carbonization temperature and preventing the temperature in the high-temperature carbonization chamber from continuing to rise, thereby maintaining the temperature in the high-temperature carbonization chamber at the set carbonization temperature. As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the controllable pyrolysis gas release pipe 112 is equipped with a plate valve with adjustable switching capacity.

[0028] In some embodiments of this utility model, the upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 121 protrudes 0-5 cm above the upper surface of the lower pyrolysis chamber 12. For example... Figure 3As shown, the end of the filter plate 14 is formed with a downwardly angled chain plate transition portion 141. The carbon outlet 22 is located directly below the chain plate transition portion 141, and the material discharge port 21 is located at least 10 cm downstream of the chain plate transition portion 141. The surface of the filter plate 14 has filter holes with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 cm. Figure 4 As shown, the pretreatment chamber 2 has two coaxial drive sprockets 5 inside, driven by a servo motor 42 fixed to one side of the pretreatment chamber 2. The rotary chamber 3 has two coaxial driven sprockets 51 inside, and a closed-loop rotary chain plate 4 is sleeved between the drive sprockets 5 and the driven sprockets 51, rotating in the biomass rotary channel. Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the lower part of the upper pyrolysis chamber 11 is provided with several support legs 122, and the entire pyrolysis chamber 1 is fixed in the high-temperature carbonization chamber by the support legs 122.

[0029] In some embodiments of this utility model, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in order to concentrate the flame generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas released through the upward pyrolysis gas outlet pipe 121 at the pyrolysis box 1, a flow guide 7 is provided between the two insulation partitions 6 and above the upper pyrolysis box 11. The left and right sides of the flow guide 7 are bent downwards to form flow guide plates 71. Through the flow guide plates 71, the flame generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas can be concentrated on the pyrolysis box 1, thereby improving the thermal energy utilization rate.

[0030] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope. All such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cracking box (1) arranged in a high-temperature carbonization chamber, a pretreatment box (2) formed at the front end of the cracking box (1), and a rotary box (3) at the rear end, wherein the cracking box (1) is composed of an upper cracking box (11) and a lower cracking box (12) arranged in parallel up and down, the upper cracking box (11) and the lower cracking box (12) are provided with cracking gas pipes for controlling the output position of the cracking gas, and there is a height difference of at least 20 cm between the lower surface of the upper cracking box (11) and the upper surface of the lower cracking box (12). The pretreatment box (2), the upper cracking box (11), the rotary box (3) and the lower cracking box (12) are connected in a closed loop to form a biomass rotary channel. A closed-loop rotary chain plate (4) is provided in the biomass rotary channel. The bottom plate of the upper cracking box (11) extends horizontally forward toward the pretreatment box (2) and is formed with a water filter plate (14). The end of the pretreatment box (2) is provided with a material discharge port (21) above the corresponding water filter plate (14) and a charcoal discharge port (22) below.

2. The biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front ends of the upper cracking box (11) and the lower cracking box (12) are respectively connected to the box chamber of the pretreatment box (2), and the rear ends are respectively connected to the box chamber of the rotary box (3). At the position where the upper cracking box (11) and the lower cracking box (12) are connected, a partition vertical plate (15) for closing the two ends of the drop space (13) is provided between the lower surface of the upper cracking box (11) and the upper surface of the lower cracking box (12). The two ends of the drop space (13) are provided with a heat-insulating partition (6) for isolating the pretreatment box (2) and the rotary box (3) from the high-temperature carbonization chamber.

3. The biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cracking gas pipe assembly comprises a descending cracking gas outlet pipe (111), an ascending cracking gas outlet pipe (121) and a controllable cracking gas release pipe (112). The descending cracking gas outlet pipe (111) comprises a plurality of pipes, which are arranged on the left and right sides of the upper cracking box (11) along the length direction thereof, the upper ends of which are connected to the upper surface of the upper cracking box (11), and the lower ends of which are formed with cracking gas discharge ports (1111) bent toward the lower surface of the lower cracking box (12). The ascending cracking gas outlet pipe (121) comprises a plurality of pipes, which are arranged on the upper surface of the lower cracking box (12) along the length direction thereof, and the upper ends of which are connected to the lower surface of the upper cracking box (11). The controllable cracking gas release pipe (112) comprises a plurality of pipes, which are arranged on the upper surface of the upper cracking box (11) along the length direction thereof, and the upper ends of which are connected to a high-temperature gasification combustion chamber separated from the high-temperature carbonization chamber.

4. The biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ascending cracking gas outlet pipe (121) protrudes from the upper surface of the lower cracking box (12) by a height of 0 to 5 cm.

5. The biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the water filter plate (14) is formed with a chain plate transition portion (141) that is inclined downward, the charcoal outlet (22) is located directly below the chain plate transition portion (141), and the material discharge port (21) is located at least 10 cm downstream of the chain plate transition portion (141).

6. The biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the water filter plate (14) has water filter holes with a hole diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 cm.

7. The biomass pyrolysis reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A flow guide cover (7) located above the upper cracking box (11) is also provided between the two heat-insulating baffles (6), and flow guide plates (71) are formed on the left and right sides of the flow guide cover (7) which are bent obliquely downward.

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