Insect repellant detection device
By designing an insect repellent detection device including an operating plate, agitating leaves and a brush, the problem of uneven stirring in the prior art is solved, and the full mixing of the insect repellent and solvent and the accuracy of HPLC detection is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421237497.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-31
AI Technical Summary
If the existing antiperspirant detection devices are not uniform during the stirring process, it will make it difficult to react with chelating Imefen, which will make it difficult to be detected.
An insect repellent detection device is designed, including an operating plate, a placement hole, a support rod, a sponge pad, a bottom cylinder, a scale measuring cup, a telescopic rod, a motor, a stirring leaf and a brush. Through the synergistic action of these components, a mixture of the repellent with methanol, acetonitrile or water can be fully mixed to ensure that chelating Imefen can react and be detected.
By fully mixing the repellent and solvent, the device reduces the difficulty in detecting chelating Imefen due to insufficient mixing before HPLC detection, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the detection.
Smart Images

Figure CN222850573U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of insect repellent detection, in particular to an insect repellent detection device. Background Art
[0002] An anthelmintic is a drug that can kill bacteria or parasites and is usually used in the medical field or agricultural production.
[0003] The composition of the insect repellent is a mixture of many chemical agents, including chelated imephen. When an appropriate amount of chelated imephen is mixed into the insect repellent, an excessive amount of chelated imephen will cause damage to the insect repellent sample, so it is necessary to test the content of chelated imephen.
[0004] It has been found in long-term use and observation of existing detection devices that when testing chelated imemefene, the anthelmintic needs to be fully stirred with methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile, and methanol, and then HPLC detection is performed. During the stirring process, if the stirring is uneven, the chelated imemefene will be difficult to react, resulting in difficulty in detecting the chelated imemefene.
[0005] To this end, the utility model provides an insect repellent detection device. Utility Model Content
[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems is: the insect repellent detection device described in the utility model comprises an operation panel; a placement hole is opened on the top of the operation panel; a plurality of support rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement hole; the plurality of support rods are equidistantly distributed; a first sponge pad is sleeved on the middle of the plurality of support rods; a bottom tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plurality of support rods; the bottom tube is semicircular; a graduated measuring cup is detachably installed inside the placement hole; the bottom of the graduated measuring cup is in contact with the inside of the bottom tube; a support frame is fixedly connected to the top of the operation panel; the support frame is in a U-shaped arrangement and is located at both ends of the placement hole; a telescopic rod is fixedly connected to one side wall of the support frame facing the placement hole; a motor is fixedly connected to the end of the telescopic rod; the motor An extension rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the machine; a plurality of stirring blades are fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod; the plurality of stirring blades are all located near the bottom of the extension rod; a plurality of groups of first brushes are fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod; the plurality of groups of first brushes are equidistantly distributed and located above the stirring blades. Through the above structure, the insect repellent and a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile and methanol can be fully mixed. After the mixing is completed, the insect repellent can be subjected to HPLC detection, and then it can be known whether the insect repellent contains chelated imemefene. This device reduces the situation in which the insect repellent and the mixture of methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile and methanol are insufficient before HPLC detection, which makes it difficult for the chelated imemefene to react, thereby making it difficult for the chelated imemefene to be detected.
[0008] Preferably, a baffle is fixedly connected to the top of the operating panel; the baffle is located on the side of the placement hole; a support plate is fixedly connected to the top of the operating panel; the support plate and the baffle are symmetrically arranged; a screw is threadedly connected to the middle of the support plate; a rotating handle is fixedly connected to the end of the screw; an extrusion plate is rotatably connected to the end of the screw away from the rotating handle; two guide rods are fixedly connected to the side wall of the extrusion plate; the two guide rods penetrate the support plate and extend to the outside of the support plate. Through the above structure, the baffle and the extrusion plate can cooperate to fix the graduated measuring cup in a specified position, thereby reducing the shaking of the graduated measuring cup as the motor is started, which leads to insufficient stirring of the mixture inside the graduated measuring cup.
[0009] Preferably, the side wall of the support plate is provided with two through holes; the two through holes are symmetrically arranged; the through holes are located at the penetration point of the guide rod and the support plate; a sleeve is fixedly connected to the inside of the through hole; the guide rod is located inside the sleeve; a plurality of second brushes are fixedly connected to both ends of the sleeve; two groups of the second brushes are in contact with the middle part of the guide rod. Through the above structure, on the one hand, the sticking between the guide rod and the support plate is reduced, and on the other hand, the middle part of the guide rod can be cleaned, reducing the occurrence of dust or impurities adsorbed in the middle part of the guide rod.
[0010] Preferably, a protective cover is fixedly connected to the middle part of the extension rod; the protective cover is arranged in an arc shape, and the motor is located inside the protective cover; a grid plate is fixedly connected to the top of the protective cover. Through the above structure, the motor can be protected, reducing the occurrence of motor damage caused by long-term contact between the motor and liquid.
[0011] Preferably, a scraper is fixedly connected to the top of the graduated measuring cup; the scraper is arranged in a conical shape. Through the above structure, the occurrence of material splashing out from the inside of the graduated measuring cup can be reduced, and the occurrence of material adsorption in the middle of the first brush can be reduced.
[0012] Preferably, a second sponge pad is fixedly connected to the side wall of the extrusion plate; the bottom of the second sponge pad is in contact with the top of the operating panel. Through the above structure, the second sponge pad with a softer material can be in direct contact with the side wall of the graduated measuring cup, thereby reducing the extrusion plate squeezing the graduated measuring cup and causing the graduated measuring cup to break.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
[0014] 1. The insect repellent detection device described in the utility model can fully mix the insect repellent and a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile and methanol, and then perform HPLC detection on the insect repellent after the mixing is completed. At this time, it can be known whether the insect repellent contains chelated imephen. This device reduces the situation where the mixture of the insect repellent and methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile and methanol is insufficient before HPLC detection, which makes it difficult for the chelated imephen to react, thereby making it difficult for the chelated imephen to be detected.
[0015] 2. The insect repellent detection device described in the utility model fixes the graduated measuring cup at a specified position by cooperating with the baffle plate and the extrusion plate, thereby reducing the shaking of the graduated measuring cup when the motor is started, thereby reducing the occurrence of insufficient stirring of the mixture inside the graduated measuring cup. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the motor in the utility model;
[0019] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the screw rod in the utility model;
[0020] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sleeve in the utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the brush in the utility model;
[0022] In the figure: 1. operation panel; 12. placement hole; 13. support rod; 14. first sponge pad; 15. bottom tube; 16. graduated measuring cup; 17. telescopic rod; 18. motor; 19. extension rod; 110. stirring blade; 111. first brush; 112. support frame; 2. baffle; 21. support plate; 22. screw rod; 23. rotating handle; 24. guide rod; 25. extrusion plate; 3. through hole; 31. sleeve; 32. second brush; 4. protective cover; 41. mesh plate; 5. scraper; 6. second sponge pad; 7. cushion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.
[0024] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, an insect repellent detection device according to an embodiment of the utility model comprises an operation panel 1; a placement hole 12 is provided on the top of the operation panel 1; a plurality of support rods 13 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement hole 12; the plurality of support rods 13 are equidistantly distributed; a first sponge pad 14 is sleeved on the middle of the plurality of support rods 13; a bottom tube 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plurality of support rods 13; the bottom tube 15 is semicircular; a graduated measuring cup 16 is detachably installed inside the placement hole 12; the bottom of the graduated measuring cup 16 is in contact with the inside of the bottom tube 15. The top of the operation panel 1 is fixedly connected with a support frame 112; the support frame 112 is arranged in a U-shaped manner and is located at both ends of the placement hole 12; a telescopic rod 17 is fixedly connected to a side wall of the support frame 112 facing the placement hole 12; a motor 18 is fixedly connected to the end of the telescopic rod 17; an extension rod 19 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 18; a plurality of stirring blades 110 are fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod 19; the plurality of stirring blades 110 are all located near the bottom of the extension rod 19; a plurality of first brushes 111 are fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod 19;The plurality of first brushes 111 are evenly spaced and located above the stirring blade 110. When working, the graduated measuring cup 16 is placed on the top of the operating panel 1. At this time, the graduated measuring cup 16 passes through the placement hole 12, and the end of the graduated measuring cup 16 contacts the bottom tube 15. At this time, the graduated measuring cup 16 can be placed in the middle of the operating panel 1. At this time, a certain amount of insect repellent can be added to the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16, and the amount of insect repellent added can be adjusted according to the scale on the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16. When the insect repellent is added, the graduated measuring cup 16 can be adjusted. Continue to add methanol, acetonitrile or a mixture of water, acetonitrile and methanol into the measuring cup 16. When all items are added, the telescopic rod 17 can be started. As the telescopic rod 17 is started, the output end of the telescopic rod 17 will be extended and retracted. At this time, as the output end of the telescopic rod 17 is extended and retracted, the motor 18 can be driven to extend and retract synchronously. At this time, when the motor 18 extends to the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16, the motor 18 can be started. As the motor 18 is started, the output end of the motor 18 will rotate, thereby driving the bottom of the motor 18 The multiple stirring blades 110 rotate synchronously. At this time, the rotation of the multiple stirring blades 110 will drive the items inside the graduated measuring cup 16 to rotate synchronously, thereby mixing the items. As the motor 18 is started, the multiple first brushes 111 will also continuously scrub the inner side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, thereby reducing the mixture from splashing onto the inner side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16. At this time, as the multiple stirring blades 110 rotate inside the graduated measuring cup 16, the graduated measuring cup 16 shakes. At this time, the first sponge pad 14 can protect the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16. Through the above structure, the insect repellent and the mixture of methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile, and methanol can be fully mixed. After the mixing is completed, the insect repellent can be tested by HPLC. At this time, it can be known whether the insect repellent contains chelated imemefene. This device reduces the situation that the insect repellent and the mixture of methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile, and methanol are insufficient before HPLC detection, which makes it difficult for chelated imemefene to react, thereby making it difficult for chelated imemefene to be detected. ;
[0025] like Figure 3As shown, a baffle plate 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the operating panel 1; the baffle plate 2 is located on the side of the placement hole 12; a support plate 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the operating panel 1; the support plate 21 and the baffle plate 2 are symmetrically arranged; a screw rod 22 is threadedly connected to the middle part of the support plate 21; a rotating handle 23 is fixedly connected to the end of the screw rod 22; an extrusion plate 25 is rotatably connected to the end of the screw rod 22 away from the rotating handle 23; two guide rods 24 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the extrusion plate 25; the two guide rods 24 penetrate the support plate 21 and extend to the outside of the support plate 21. When working, when the motor 18 is started, the output end of the motor 18 will drive the multiple stirring blades 110 and the first brush 111 to rotate inside the graduated measuring cup 16, and at this moment the measuring cup 16 will As the multiple internal components rotate, shaking occurs. At this time, by turning the rotating handle 23, the screw rod 22 can be driven to rotate in the middle of the support plate 21. At this time, as the screw rod 22 rotates, the extrusion plate 25 can be driven to continuously move toward the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16 under the guidance of the guide rod 24. At this time, as the extrusion plate 25 contacts the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, the baffle 2 can cooperate with the extrusion plate 25 to fix the graduated measuring cup 16 on both sides. Through the above structure, the baffle 2 can cooperate with the extrusion plate 25 to fix the graduated measuring cup 16 at a specified position, thereby reducing the shaking of the graduated measuring cup 16 as the motor 18 is started, which in turn causes the mixture to be insufficiently stirred inside the graduated measuring cup 16.
[0026] like Figure 5 As shown, the side wall of the support plate 21 is provided with two through holes 3; the two through holes 3 are symmetrically arranged; the through holes 3 are located at the penetration of the guide rod 24 and the support plate 21; a sleeve 31 is fixedly connected to the inside of the through hole 3; the guide rod 24 is located inside the sleeve 31; a plurality of second brushes 32 are fixedly connected to both ends of the sleeve 31; two groups of the second brushes 32 are in contact with the middle of the guide rod 24, and when working, the guide rod 24 will guide the extrusion plate 25. At this time, the guide rod 24 is outside for a long time. As time goes by, the middle of the guide rod 24 will absorb dust or impurities, thereby guiding The guide rod 24 is difficult to guide. At this time, a through hole 3 is set in the middle of the guide rod 24 to protect the contact between the guide rod 24 and the support plate 21, thereby reducing the rust and sticking caused by the long-term contact between the guide rod 24 and the support plate 21. At the same time, two sets of second brushes 32 are set to clean the middle of the guide rod 24. Through the above structure, on the one hand, the sticking between the guide rod 24 and the support plate 21 is reduced, and on the other hand, the middle of the guide rod 24 can be cleaned, reducing the adsorption of dust or impurities in the middle of the guide rod 24.
[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a protective cover 4 is fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod 19; the protective cover 4 is arranged in an arc shape, and the motor 18 is located inside the protective cover 4; a grid plate 41 is fixedly connected to the top of the protective cover 4, and by starting the telescopic rod 17, the motor 18 can be driven to move and extend to the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16 to stir the material inside the graduated measuring cup 16. At this time, the material inside the measuring cup 16 is a mixture of insect repellent and methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile, and methanol, so it is mostly liquid. At this time, by setting the protective cover 4, the motor 18 can be protected. At the same time, by setting the grid plate 41, the solid can be reduced from entering the inside of the protective cover 4. Through the above structure, the motor 18 can be protected, and the damage of the motor 18 caused by the long-term contact between the motor 18 and the liquid is reduced.
[0028] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a scraper 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the graduated measuring cup 16; the scraper 5 is set in a conical shape. When working, the scraper 5 can be set to reduce the splashing of materials when the multiple stirring blades 110 stir the materials inside the graduated measuring cup 16. At the same time, when the multiple first brushes 111 are separated from the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16 as the telescopic rod 17 is started, the multiple first brushes 111 can be squeezed, so that the liquid adsorbed between the multiple first brushes 111 is squeezed and falls back into the graduated measuring cup 16. Through the above structure, the splashing of materials from the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16 can be reduced, and the adsorption of materials in the middle of the first brush 111 can be reduced.
[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the side wall of the squeezing plate 25 is fixedly connected with the second sponge pad 6; the bottom of the second sponge pad 6 is in contact with the top of the operating panel 1. When working, as the squeezing plate 25 contacts the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, the second sponge pad 6 can be fixed. At this time, by setting the second sponge pad 6, the second sponge pad 6 with a softer material can be in direct contact with the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, thereby reducing the squeezing plate 25 squeezing the graduated measuring cup 16, resulting in the occurrence of the graduated measuring cup 16 breaking.
[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the inner ring of the placement hole 12 is fixed with a cushion layer 7. Through the above arrangement, the direct contact between the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16 and the inner ring of the placement hole 12 is reduced, which causes scratches on the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, thereby making the scale on the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16 difficult to observe.
[0031] During operation, the graduated measuring cup 16 is placed on the top of the operating panel 1. At this time, the measuring cup 16 passes through the placement hole 12, and the end of the graduated measuring cup 16 contacts the bottom tube 15. At this time, the graduated measuring cup 16 can be placed in the middle of the operating panel 1. At this time, a certain amount of insect repellent can be added to the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16, and the amount of insect repellent added can be adjusted according to the scale on the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16. When the insect repellent is added, methanol, acetonitrile or a mixture of water, acetonitrile and methanol can be added to the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16. When all the items are added, the telescopic rod 17 can be started. With the start of the telescopic rod 17, the output end of the telescopic rod 17 will be extended and retracted. At this time, with the extension and retraction of the output end of the telescopic rod 17, the motor 18 can be driven to extend and retract synchronously. The motor 18 is shrunk. At this time, when the motor 18 extends to the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16, the motor 18 can be started. As the motor 18 is started, the output end of the motor 18 will rotate, thereby driving the multiple stirring blades 110 at the bottom of the motor 18 to rotate synchronously. At this time, the rotation of the multiple stirring blades 110 will drive the items inside the graduated measuring cup 16 to rotate synchronously, thereby mixing the items. As the motor 18 is started, the multiple first brushes 111 will also continuously brush the inner wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, thereby reducing the splashing of the mixture onto the inner wall of the graduated measuring cup 16. At this time, as the multiple stirring blades 110 rotate inside the graduated measuring cup 16, the graduated measuring cup 16 shakes, and the first sponge pad 14 can protect the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16. When the motor 18 is started, the output end of the motor 18 will drive the multiple stirring blades 110 and the first brush 111 to rotate inside the graduated measuring cup 16. At this time, the measuring cup 16 will shake with the rotation of the multiple components inside. At this time, by rotating the rotating handle 23, the screw rod 22 can be driven to rotate in the middle of the support plate 21. At this time, with the rotation of the screw rod 22, the extrusion plate 25 can be driven to continuously move toward the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16 under the guidance of the guide rod 24. At this time, as the extrusion plate 25 contacts the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, the baffle 2 can be used to fix the graduated measuring cup 16 on both sides. The guide rod 24 will guide the extrusion plate 25. At this time, the guide rod 24 is long The guide rod 24 is located outside. As time goes by, the middle part of the guide rod 24 will absorb dust or impurities, making it difficult for the guide rod 24 to play a guiding role. At this time, by setting a through hole 3 in the middle part of the guide rod 24, the contact between the guide rod 24 and the support plate 21 can be protected, reducing the rust and sticking caused by the long-term contact between the guide rod 24 and the support plate 21. At the same time, by setting two sets of second brushes 32, the middle part of the guide rod 24 can be cleaned. By starting the telescopic rod 17, the motor 18 can be driven to move and extend to the inside of the graduated measuring cup 16 to stir the material inside the graduated measuring cup 16. At this time, the material inside the measuring cup 16 is a mixture of insect repellent and methanol, acetonitrile or water, acetonitrile, and methanol.Therefore, most of the liquid is liquid. At this time, by setting the protective cover 4, the motor 18 can be protected. At the same time, by setting the grid plate 41, the solid can be reduced from entering the interior of the protective cover 4. By setting the scraper 5, the splashing of materials can be reduced when the multiple stirring blades 110 stir the materials inside the graduated measuring cup 16. At the same time, when the multiple first brushes 111 are separated from the graduated measuring cup 16 as the telescopic rod 17 is started, the multiple first brushes 111 can be squeezed, so that the liquid adsorbed between the multiple first brushes 111 is squeezed and falls back to the graduated measuring cup 16. As the squeezing plate 25 contacts the side wall of the graduated measuring cup 16, the second sponge pad 6 can be fixed. At this time, the second sponge pad 6 is set.
[0032] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the utility model may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected. The scope of protection claimed by the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An insect repellent detection device, comprising an operating panel (1); characterized in that: The top of the operation panel (1) is provided with a placement hole (12); a plurality of support rods (13) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement hole (12); the plurality of support rods (13) are evenly spaced; a first sponge pad (14) is sleeved on the middle of the plurality of support rods (13); a bottom tube (15) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plurality of support rods (13); the bottom tube (15) is semicircular; a graduated measuring cup (16) is detachably mounted inside the placement hole (12); the bottom of the graduated measuring cup (16) contacts the inside of the bottom tube (15); a support frame (112) is fixedly connected to the top of the operation panel (1); the support frame (112) The support frame (112) is arranged in a U-shape and is located at both ends of the placement hole (12); a telescopic rod (17) is fixedly connected to a side wall of the support frame (112) facing the placement hole (12); a motor (18) is fixedly connected to the end of the telescopic rod (17); an extension rod (19) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (18); a plurality of stirring blades (110) are fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod (19); the plurality of stirring blades (110) are all located near the bottom of the extension rod (19); a plurality of groups of first brushes (111) are fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod (19); the plurality of groups of first brushes (111) are evenly distributed and are located above the stirring blades (110).
2. An insect repellent detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the operating panel (1) is fixedly connected to a baffle plate (2); the baffle plate (2) is located on the side of the placement hole (12); the top of the operating panel (1) is fixedly connected to a support plate (21); the support plate (21) and the baffle plate (2) are symmetrically arranged; a screw rod (22) is threadedly connected to the middle of the support plate (21); a rotating handle (23) is fixedly connected to the end of the screw rod (22); an extrusion plate (25) is rotatably connected to one end of the screw rod (22) away from the rotating handle (23); two guide rods (24) are fixedly connected to the side wall of the extrusion plate (25); the two guide rods (24) penetrate the support plate (21) and extend to the outside of the support plate (21).
3. An insect repellent detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the support plate (21) is provided with two through holes (3); the two through holes (3) are symmetrically arranged; the through holes (3) are located at the penetration point between the guide rod (24) and the support plate (21); a sleeve (31) is fixedly connected inside the through hole (3); the guide rod (24) is located inside the sleeve (31); a plurality of second brushes (32) are fixedly connected at both ends of the sleeve (31); and two groups of the second brushes (32) are in contact with the middle of the guide rod (24).
4. The insect repellent detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A protective cover (4) is fixedly connected to the middle of the extension rod (19); the protective cover (4) is arranged in an arc shape, and the motor (18) is located inside the protective cover (4); and a grid plate (41) is fixedly connected to the top of the protective cover (4).
5. The insect repellent detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A scraper (5) is fixedly connected to the top of the graduated measuring cup (16); the scraper (5) is arranged in a conical shape.
6. The insect repellent detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second sponge pad (6) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the squeezing plate (25); the bottom of the second sponge pad (6) is in contact with the top of the operating plate (1).