Emergency starting circuit and emergency starting system

Abstract

The utility model provides an emergency starting circuit and an emergency starting system. The emergency starting circuit comprises an emergency battery, an intelligent clamp, a control mainboard and an inflator pump. The emergency battery comprises a charging interface which is used for charging a mobile phone; one end of the intelligent clamp is connected with the emergency battery, and the other end is connected with an automobile starting line; the control mainboard is used for outputting a first control signal and a second control signal, the first control signal is used for starting the charging interface, and the second control signal is used for conducting the intelligent clamp; the inflator pump is connected with the emergency battery and is used for inflating automobile tires; the control mainboard is further used for outputting a third control signal and controlling the emergency battery to supply power to the inflator pump so as to start the inflator pump. On one hand, the emergency starting circuit can start ignition for an automobile with a storage battery lack of electricity, on the other hand, a mobile phone can be charged through the charging interface, and on the other hand, tires of the automobile can be inflated; the multifunctional performance of the emergency starting power supply is improved to adapt to different conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of emergency power supply, and in particular, relates to an emergency starting circuit and an emergency starting system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the automobile market and the diversification of consumer lifestyles, automobile emergency starting power supplies have become one of the indispensable equipment for modern car owners. However, there are many types of automobile emergency starting power supplies on the market, but most of them have single functions and cannot meet the diverse needs of users in various emergency situations. Especially in special periods, when cars are parked at home for a long time, battery power loss and insufficient tire pressure become common problems, and emergency starting power supplies with single functions can no longer fully cope with these challenges.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the performance of the emergency starting power supply is a problem that those skilled in the art currently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an emergency starting circuit and an emergency starting system, aiming to solve the problem of insufficient performance of emergency starting power supply in traditional technology.

[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an emergency start circuit, the emergency start circuit comprising:

[0006] An emergency battery, the emergency battery comprising a charging interface, the charging interface being used to charge a mobile phone;

[0007] An intelligent clamp, one end of which is connected to the emergency battery and the other end is used to connect to the car starter wire;

[0008] A control mainboard, used to output a first control signal and a second control signal, wherein the first control signal is used to start the charging interface, and the second control signal is used to turn on the smart clamp;

[0009] An air pump is connected to the emergency battery and is used to inflate the tires of the car; the control mainboard is also used to output a third control signal to control the emergency battery to power the air pump to start the air pump.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the intelligent clamp includes:

[0011] A first switch element, the first switch element comprising a switch side and a control side, the switch side being arranged between the emergency battery and the vehicle starter line;

[0012] A first MOS transistor, one end of which is connected to the control side and the other end is grounded; the other end of the control side is connected to a first input voltage;

[0013] A control unit, wherein the control unit is used to control the on-off of the first MOS tube to drive the control side to control the on-off of the switch side.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the smart clamp further includes a first temperature detection unit, which is used to detect a first temperature on the smart clamp and output a first temperature detection signal according to the first temperature;

[0015] The control unit is used to output a first voltage regulation signal according to the first temperature detection signal, and the first voltage regulation signal is used to regulate the output voltage of the smart clamp.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, the first temperature detection unit includes a first resistor and a first thermistor connected in series, the other end of the first resistor is connected to a reference voltage, the other end of the first thermistor is grounded, and the control unit is connected between the first resistor and the first thermistor to obtain the first temperature detection signal.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the smart clamp further includes a first execution unit, which is used to receive the first voltage adjustment signal to adjust the output voltage of the smart clamp;

[0018] The first execution unit includes a second MOS tube and a second resistor connected in series, the other end of the second MOS tube is grounded, and the other end of the second resistor is connected between the switch side and the vehicle start line; the control end of the second MOS tube is used to receive the first voltage regulation signal.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the emergency start circuit further includes a lighting unit, the lighting unit includes a first light emitting diode and a first transistor connected in series, the other end of the first transistor is grounded, and the other end of the first light emitting diode is connected to a reference voltage;

[0020] The control main board is used to output a fourth control signal to the control end of the first transistor to make the first light emitting diode emit light.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the control mainboard includes a second temperature detection unit, which is used to detect a second temperature of the emergency battery and output a second temperature detection signal according to the second temperature;

[0022] The control mainboard is used to obtain the second temperature detection signal, and when the second temperature is lower than a preset temperature, control the PTC resistor to generate heat so as to heat the emergency battery.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the control main board is further used to close the smart clamp when the second temperature is greater than the first protection temperature.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the air pump includes a motor, and the control main board also includes a third temperature detection unit, wherein the third temperature detection unit is used to detect a third temperature of the motor, and the control main board is used to shut down the air pump when the third temperature is greater than the second protection temperature.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present application also provides an emergency starting system, including the above-mentioned emergency starting circuit.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the utility model are as follows: the above-mentioned emergency starting circuit and emergency starting system, the emergency starting circuit includes an emergency battery, an intelligent clamp, a control mainboard and an air pump; the emergency battery includes a charging interface, and the charging interface is used to charge a mobile phone; one end of the intelligent clamp is connected to the emergency battery, and the other end is used to connect the car starting line; the control mainboard is used to output a first control signal and a second control signal, the first control signal is used to start the charging interface, and the second control signal is used to turn on the intelligent clamp; the air pump is connected to the emergency battery and is used to inflate the car tires; the control mainboard is also used to output a third control signal, controlling the emergency battery to power the air pump to start the air pump. The emergency starting circuit of the present application can, on the one hand, start and ignite a car with a low battery, on the other hand, it can also charge a mobile phone through the charging interface, and on the other hand, it can also inflate the car tires, which is beneficial to improve the multifunctional performance of the emergency starting power supply to adapt to different situations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the framework structure of an emergency start circuit provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an intelligent clamp provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another intelligent clamp provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a smart clamp provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an emergency start circuit provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another emergency starting circuit provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an emergency start circuit provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an emergency start circuit provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of an emergency start circuit provided in yet another embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of another emergency starting circuit provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Specific element symbol description: 100-charging interface, 200-emergency battery, 300-smart fixture, 400-car starting line, 500-control main board, 600-air pump, K1-first switch, Q1-second MOS tube, Q2-first MOS tube, Q5-first transistor, U2-control unit, U5-control main board, R2-first resistor, R3-second resistor, RT1-first thermistor, D3-first light-emitting diode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0039] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0040] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0041] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0042] It is important to know that with the accelerated pace of modern life and the increase in unforeseen factors, such as long-term home isolation during the epidemic, many car owners are faced with the problem of battery depletion after long-term parking of their vehicles. Although emergency car starting power supplies already exist in the traditional market, these products have a single function and mainly focus on solving the dilemma of vehicle battery depletion and inability to start, ignoring other related problems that may be caused by long-term parking of vehicles, such as insufficient tire pressure. After solving the starting problem, car owners often need to purchase additional equipment such as air pumps to deal with tire pressure problems, which not only increases the economic burden on consumers, but also causes inconvenience in use and space occupation, especially in emergency or outdoor environments, where carrying multiple devices is particularly inconvenient.

[0043] Therefore, the present application improves the relevant emergency starting circuit and emergency starting system based on this.

[0044] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the framework structure of the emergency start circuit provided by the present embodiment is shown. An emergency start circuit of the present embodiment includes an emergency battery 200, an intelligent clamp 300, a control mainboard U5500 and an air pump 600; the emergency battery 200 includes a charging interface 100, and the charging interface 100 is used to charge a mobile phone; one end of the intelligent clamp 300 is connected to the emergency battery 200, and the other end is used to connect to the car start line 400; the control mainboard U5500 is used to output a first control signal and a second control signal, the first control signal is used to start the charging interface 100, and the second control signal is used to turn on the intelligent clamp 300; the air pump 600 is connected to the emergency battery 200 and is used to inflate the tire of the car; the control mainboard U5500 is also used to output a third control signal to control the emergency battery 200 to power the air pump 600 to start the air pump 600.

[0045] It should be explained that the emergency battery 200 is the core energy part of the system. It not only provides the necessary power for the emergency start of the car, but also has additional functions. The battery is equipped with a charging interface 100, which can not only charge the battery itself, but also has a mobile phone charging function, which is convenient for providing power support for mobile devices such as mobile phones in emergency situations. One end of the smart clamp 300 is connected to the emergency battery 200, and the other end is designed as an interface that can be connected to the car start line 400. The clamp has a built-in intelligent identification and control mechanism. When it is connected to the control motherboard U5500 and receives the second control signal from the motherboard, the smart clamp 300 will automatically turn on, allowing the emergency battery 200 to supply power to the car start system and realize the emergency start of the car. The air pump 600 is designed to quickly inflate the tires of the car, solve the problem of insufficient tire pressure, and ensure that the vehicle can drive safely.

[0046] The current emergency power supply has a single function, but the emergency starting circuit of the present application can, on the one hand, start the ignition of a car with a low battery, on the other hand, it can also charge a mobile phone through the charging interface 100, and on the other hand, it can also inflate the car tires, which is beneficial to improve the multifunctional performance of the emergency starting power supply to adapt to different situations.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the intelligent clamp 300 provided in this embodiment is shown; Figure 3 The circuit structure diagram of another intelligent fixture 300 provided in this embodiment is shown; the intelligent fixture 300 in this embodiment includes a first switch element K1, a first MOS tube Q2 and a control unit U2; the first switch element K1 includes a switch side and a control side, and the switch side is arranged between the emergency battery 200 and the car start line 400; one end of the first MOS tube Q2 is connected to the control side, and the other end is grounded; the other end of the control side is connected to the first input voltage; the control unit U2 is used to control the on and off of the first MOS tube Q2 to drive the control side to control the on and off of the switch side. In this way, the control unit U2 can control the on and off of the intelligent fixture 300 according to the signal of the control main board U5500.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 The circuit structure diagram of the smart clamp 300 provided in this embodiment is shown. The smart clamp 300 in this embodiment further includes a first temperature detection unit, which is used to detect a first temperature on the smart clamp 300 and output a first temperature detection signal according to the first temperature; the control unit U2 is used to output a first voltage adjustment signal according to the first temperature detection signal, and the first voltage adjustment signal is used to adjust the output voltage of the smart clamp 300.

[0049] It should be explained that the control unit U2 can also adjust the output voltage by itself. For example, when the temperature of the smart clamp 300 is too high, reducing the output voltage can protect the smart clamp 300 from over-temperature.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, please continue to refer to Figure 4 The first temperature detection unit includes a first resistor R2 and a first temperature-sensitive resistor RT1 connected in series, the other end of the first resistor R2 is connected to a reference voltage, the other end of the first temperature-sensitive resistor RT1 is grounded, and the control unit U2 is connected between the first resistor R2 and the first temperature-sensitive resistor RT1 to obtain a first temperature detection signal.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, please continue to refer to Figure 2 The smart fixture 300 also includes a first execution unit, which is used to receive a first voltage adjustment signal to adjust the output voltage of the smart fixture 300; the first execution unit includes a second MOS tube Q1 and a second resistor R3 connected in series, the other end of the second MOS tube Q1 is grounded, and the other end of the second resistor R3 is connected between the switch side and the car start line 400; the control end of the second MOS tube Q1 is used to receive the first voltage adjustment signal.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the emergency starting circuit provided in this embodiment. Figure 6 The circuit structure diagram of another emergency start circuit provided by this embodiment is shown. The emergency start circuit of this embodiment also includes a lighting unit, which includes a first light-emitting diode D3 and a first triode Q5 connected in series, the other end of the first triode Q5 is grounded, and the other end of the first light-emitting diode D3 is connected to a reference voltage; the control mainboard U5500 is used to output a fourth control signal to the control end of the first triode Q5 to make the first light-emitting diode D3 emit light. In this way, a certain lighting function can be provided when the ordinary power supply is out of power.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 The circuit structure diagram of the emergency start circuit provided in this embodiment is shown. The control mainboard U5500 of this embodiment includes a second temperature detection unit, which is used to detect the second temperature of the emergency battery 200 and output a second temperature detection signal according to the second temperature; the control mainboard U5500 is used to obtain the second temperature detection signal, and when the second temperature is less than the preset temperature, control the PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) resistor to generate heat to heat the emergency battery 200.

[0054] The current car starting power supply has a greatly reduced starting current in a low temperature harsh environment, causing most cars to fail to start. The present application solves the problem of difficulty in starting in a low temperature environment by heating the emergency battery 200 or the starting power supply to increase the temperature.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the control mainboard U5500 is further used to shut down the smart clamp 300 when the second temperature is greater than the first protection temperature. In this way, the smart clamp 300 can be protected from high temperature.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 The circuit structure diagram of the emergency start circuit provided in this embodiment is shown. The air pump 600 includes a motor, and the control mainboard U5500 also includes a third temperature detection unit, which is used to detect the third temperature of the motor. The control mainboard U5500 is used to shut down the air pump 600 when the third temperature is greater than the second protection temperature.

[0057] Embodiment 1: In heating work control and heating indication, after entering the power start mode: first, when the low temperature indicator light flashes, the PTC button lights up green for a long time. After pressing, the "PTC" ICON on the screen lights up, and the digital tube counts down to "99s", and stops after the countdown ends; then after a single cycle ends, the temperature is still below zero, and the green light at the button remains. The user can choose whether to cycle or not. Finally, the maximum temperature threshold does not exceed 25°C, and no heating will be allowed after exceeding it.

[0058] After entering the power-on mode, the low-temperature protection function is implemented: first, when the product battery cell temperature is less than -20°C, the blue light flashes and the product no longer works. Then, when the product battery cell temperature is between -18°C and 0°C, the blue light stays on and the product still works. When the battery temperature is greater than 4°C, this light will not light up.

[0059] The high temperature protection function is realized after entering the power startup mode; when the internal temperature of the product is ≥95°C, the red light flashes and the product no longer works; when the product battery cell temperature is between 65°C and 90°C, the red light is on for a long time and the product still works normally; when the battery cell temperature is not greater than 63°C, this light will not light up.

[0060] In some embodiments, the emergency battery 200 is composed of 4 high-rate lithium-ion battery packs, which are composed of a single 3000MAH, 586888 lithium battery PACK into an EC5 male output battery pack. The smart fixture 300 is an EC5 female smart clamp, and the power motherboard (control motherboard U5500) and the smart clamp (smart fixture 300) motherboard (control unit U2) are connected via Bluetooth wireless to start the car with low battery. The smart fixture 300 has intelligent protections such as overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overtemperature protection, short circuit protection, reverse connection protection, and timeout protection to ensure the safety of automotive electronic equipment and personal safety.

[0061] In some embodiments, the air pump 600 is composed of a 19-cylinder motor and a power supply circuit unit composed of a GZP6818D electronic pressure sensor and MOS, so that the motor power supply is stable and the air pressure measurement is accurate; the motor operating temperature is controlled by NTCB3950, and when the motor surface reaches 110 degrees, the motor stops working to ensure the life of the motor.

[0062] In some embodiments, see Fig. 9 and Fig.10 , Fig. 9 FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the emergency starting circuit provided in this embodiment. Fig.10 The circuit structure diagram of another emergency start circuit provided by this embodiment is shown. The emergency start circuit of this embodiment includes a DC-DC output module, and the DC-DC output module controls the USB port to output 5V3A by a buck IC NDP13401 unit. The 5V / 9V output of the charging management module is a boost circuit composed of L2, D1, and Q2 to charge the battery through the QC2.0 PD input identified by resistors and software.

[0063] In some embodiments, the battery protection module is composed of Chuangxinwei CM1041DT-4 string protection IC, a protection chip dedicated to multi-string lithium-ion, with built-in high-precision voltage detection circuit and current detection circuit. By detecting the voltage, charge and discharge current and temperature of each battery, the battery overcharge, over discharge, balance, disconnection, low voltage charging prohibition, discharge overcurrent, short circuit, charge overcurrent and over-temperature protection functions are realized. The discharge overcurrent protection delay is adjustable by an external capacitor, and other protection delays are built-in. The chip has a built-in battery balancing function. The LED display module is controlled by two 74HC595 chips, and the LDO LR6375A33D provides stable power supply to the display and MCU.

[0064] Furthermore, in order to better implement the emergency starting circuit in any of the above embodiments, based on the above emergency starting circuit, the present application also provides an emergency starting system, including the above emergency starting circuit.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0066] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the above detailed disclosure is only for example and does not constitute a limitation of the present application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements and amendments to the present application. Such modifications, improvements and amendments are suggested in the present application, so such modifications, improvements and amendments still belong to the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application.

[0067] At the same time, the present application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the present application. For example, "one embodiment", "an embodiment", and / or "some embodiments" refer to a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different positions in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, some features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application can be appropriately combined.

[0068] Similarly, it should be noted that in order to simplify the description of the disclosure of this application and thus help understand one or more utility model embodiments, in the above description of the embodiments of this application, multiple features are sometimes combined into one embodiment, drawing or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not mean that the features required by the object of this application are more than the features mentioned in the claims. In fact, the features of the embodiments are less than all the features of the single embodiment disclosed above.

[0069] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An emergency starting circuit, characterized in that: The emergency start circuit comprises: An emergency battery, the emergency battery comprising a charging interface, the charging interface being used to charge a mobile phone; An intelligent clamp, one end of which is connected to the emergency battery and the other end is used to connect to the car starter wire; A control mainboard, used to output a first control signal and a second control signal, wherein the first control signal is used to start the charging interface, and the second control signal is used to turn on the smart clamp; An air pump is connected to the emergency battery and is used to inflate the tires of the car; the control mainboard is also used to output a third control signal to control the emergency battery to power the air pump to start the air pump.

2. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent fixture comprises: A first switch element, the first switch element comprising a switch side and a control side, the switch side being arranged between the emergency battery and the vehicle starter line; A first MOS transistor, one end of which is connected to the control side and the other end is grounded; the other end of the control side is connected to a first input voltage; A control unit, wherein the control unit is used to control the on-off of the first MOS tube to drive the control side to control the on-off of the switch side.

3. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The smart clamp further includes a first temperature detection unit, which is used to detect a first temperature on the smart clamp and output a first temperature detection signal according to the first temperature; The control unit is used to output a first voltage regulation signal according to the first temperature detection signal, and the first voltage regulation signal is used to regulate the output voltage of the smart clamp.

4. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first temperature detection unit includes a first resistor and a first temperature-sensitive resistor connected in series, the other end of the first resistor is connected to a reference voltage, the other end of the first temperature-sensitive resistor is grounded, and the control unit is connected between the first resistor and the first temperature-sensitive resistor to obtain the first temperature detection signal.

5. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The smart clamp further includes a first execution unit, which is used to receive the first voltage adjustment signal to adjust the output voltage of the smart clamp; The first execution unit includes a second MOS tube and a second resistor connected in series, the other end of the second MOS tube is grounded, and the other end of the second resistor is connected between the switch side and the vehicle start line; the control end of the second MOS tube is used to receive the first voltage regulation signal.

6. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency start circuit further includes a lighting unit, wherein the lighting unit includes a first light emitting diode and a first transistor connected in series, the other end of the first transistor is grounded, and the other end of the first light emitting diode is connected to a reference voltage; The control main board is used to output a fourth control signal to the control end of the first transistor to make the first light emitting diode emit light.

7. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control mainboard includes a second temperature detection unit, which is used to detect a second temperature of the emergency battery and output a second temperature detection signal according to the second temperature; The control mainboard is used to obtain the second temperature detection signal, and when the second temperature is lower than a preset temperature, control the PTC resistor to generate heat so as to heat the emergency battery.

8. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control main board is also used to close the smart clamp when the second temperature is greater than the first protection temperature.

9. The emergency starting circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air pump includes a motor, and the control main board also includes a third temperature detection unit, wherein the third temperature detection unit is used to detect a third temperature of the motor, and the control main board is used to shut down the air pump when the third temperature is greater than a second protection temperature.

10. An emergency start system, characterized in that: The invention comprises the emergency starting circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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