Modularized adjustable tunnel test model

Abstract

The utility model discloses a modularized adjustable tunnel test model. The modularized adjustable tunnel test model comprises a tubular first main tunnel module, a divergent section module, a ramp module, a second main tunnel module and a plurality of metal frames, the outlet end of the first main tunnel module is connected with the inlet end of the divergent section module through a metal frame; the outlet end of the divergent section module is divided into two parts, one part is connected with the inlet end of the second main tunnel module, the other part is connected with the ramp module, and the sectional dimensions of the first main tunnel module, the divergent section module and the second main tunnel module and the included angle between the ramp module and the second main tunnel module can be changed. The tunnel model cross section size and the included angle between the ramp and the main tunnel can be flexibly adjusted, so that the influence of the tunnel cross section size and the ramp angle on the ventilation and pollution discharge of the main tunnel can be evaluated in the same city tunnel test device, the model manufacturing cost is saved, the manufacturing period is shortened, the evaluation error can be reduced, and the evaluation efficiency is improved. And the accuracy of evaluation results is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of tunnel ventilation test devices and relates to a modular and adjustable tunnel test model. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of social and economic levels, urban population is oversaturated, building space is crowded, urban greening is reduced, and traffic pressure is increasing. Traffic congestion has become a prominent problem in many cities in my country. Tunnels have become an important way to alleviate traffic congestion, land resource shortages and other problems. Urban tunnels can connect existing road networks and realize multi-level traffic diversion. They have played a significant role in alleviating traffic pressure, saving urban land, and improving the overall regional environment. As an extension and supplement to ground roads, urban tunnels are widely used because of their easy planning, short construction period, low construction cost, easy connection with the existing ground transportation system, and effective improvement of the urban environment. Therefore, basic research on the ventilation laws of urban tunnels has great significance for energy saving and environmental protection.

[0003] At present, the following problems exist in the construction of urban tunnel ventilation test platforms: there are few tunnel ventilation test platforms with ramps, so it is impossible to conduct experiments on the influence of tunnel cross-sectional dimensions and ramp angles on ventilation and sewage discharge; and factors such as the angle between the ramp and the main tunnel, and the connection position between the tunnel ramp and the main line have a great influence on the flow. In actual engineering, the ramp may be connected to any position of the main line tunnel at any angle, and the cost of designing a set of experimental platforms for each angle is very high, the cycle is long, and the errors caused by different platforms are large, which is not conducive to the comparison of experimental results. Therefore, the utility model provides a modular and adjustable tunnel test model. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a modular and adjustable tunnel test model, which can flexibly adjust the cross-sectional size of the tunnel model and the angle between the ramp and the main tunnel, so as to evaluate the influence of the tunnel cross-sectional size and the ramp angle on the ventilation and sewage discharge of the main tunnel in the same urban tunnel ventilation test device, which not only saves the production cost of the model and shortens the production cycle, but also minimizes the evaluation error and ensures the accuracy of the evaluation result.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0006] A modular adjustable tunnel test model comprises a first main tunnel module, a gradually expanding section module, a ramp module, a second main tunnel module and a plurality of metal frames; the first main tunnel module, the gradually expanding section module, the ramp module and the second main tunnel module are all tubular structures, and the outlet end of the first main tunnel module is connected to the inlet end of the gradually expanding section module through a metal frame; the outlet end of the gradually expanding section module is divided into two parts, one part is connected to the inlet end of the second main tunnel module to form a first fork, and the other part is connected to the ramp module to form a second fork; wherein the cross-sectional dimensions of the first main tunnel module, the gradually expanding section module and the second main tunnel module and the angle between the ramp module and the second main tunnel module can all be changed.

[0007] Preferably, the first main tunnel module, the gradually expanding section module and the second main tunnel module each include:

[0008] Two rectangular wall panels: fixed to the top and bottom of the metal frame, forming the longitudinal support surface of the tunnel;

[0009] Two C-shaped wall panels: They are respectively nested on both sides of the two rectangular wall panels and are movably connected to the metal frame. The C-shaped wall panels can slide laterally along the rectangular wall panels to change the cross-sectional dimensions, thereby evaluating the influence of the cross-sectional dimensions on tunnel ventilation and sewage discharge.

[0010] Preferably, the metal frame is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the C-shaped wall panels are fixed to the metal frame through the mounting holes. By installing the C-shaped wall panels in different mounting holes, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel can be changed.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the C-shaped wall panels of the gradually expanding section modules gradually increases in the longitudinal direction to achieve a progressive expansion of the tunnel cross section.

[0012] Preferably, the entrance end of the ramp module is a section of flexible bellows, which is fixedly connected to the gradually expanding section module. The flexible bellows is made of elastic material and can withstand multi-axial deformation, so that the ramp module can rotate relative to the second main tunnel module, thereby realizing the change of the angle between the ramp module and the second main tunnel module, so as to evaluate the influence of the ramp angle on tunnel ventilation and sewage discharge.

[0013] Preferably, the connection between the gradually expanding section module, the second main tunnel module and the ramp module is sealed.

[0014] More preferably, the first main tunnel module, the ramp module and the second main tunnel module are each composed of a number of interchangeable tunnel units, the tunnel units have a unified interface standard, and the tunnel units are connected by metal frames to form a continuous tunnel structure, and the longitudinal length of each module can be changed by changing the number of tunnel units in each module.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0016] The utility model realizes flexible adjustment of tunnel cross-sectional dimensions and ramp angles through modular design, so that the influence of different parameters on ventilation and sewage discharge can be evaluated in the same tunnel ventilation test model. This not only saves production costs and time, but also minimizes evaluation errors and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results. At the same time, the high strength and elastic material selection of the module and the unified interface standards improve the durability and adaptability of the model, providing strong support for tunnel design and optimization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the modular adjustable tunnel test model of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic adjustable main tunnel module of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic adjustable gradually expanding section module of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the angle change of the adjustable bifurcated structure module of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel cross-section width adjustment of the utility model;

[0022] Among them, there are a first main tunnel module 1, a gradually expanding section module 2, a metal frame 3, a ramp module 4, a second main tunnel module 5, a flexible corrugated pipe 6, a C-shaped wall panel 11, and a rectangular wall panel 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the utility model is further clearly and in detail described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

[0024] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a modular adjustable tunnel test model includes a first main tunnel module 1, a gradually expanding section module 2, a ramp module 4, a second main tunnel module 5 and a plurality of metal frames 3; the first main tunnel module 1, the gradually expanding section module 2, the ramp module 4 and the second main tunnel module 5 are all tubular structures, and the outlet end of the first main tunnel module 1 is connected to the inlet end of the gradually expanding section module 2 through the metal frame 3; the outlet end of the gradually expanding section module 2 is divided into two parts, one part is connected to the inlet end of the second main tunnel module 5 to form a first fork, and the other part is connected to the ramp module 4 to form a second fork; wherein the cross-sectional dimensions of the first main tunnel module 1, the gradually expanding section module 2 and the second main tunnel module 5 and the angle between the ramp module and the second main tunnel module can be changed.

[0025] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the first main tunnel module 1, the gradually expanding section module 2 and the second main tunnel module 5 all include:

[0026] Two rectangular wall panels 12: fixed to the top and bottom of the metal frame 3 respectively, forming the longitudinal support surface of the tunnel;

[0027] Two C-shaped wall panels 11 are respectively nested on both sides of the two rectangular wall panels 12, and are connected to the metal frame 3 in a movable manner. The C-shaped wall panels 11 can slide horizontally along the rectangular wall panels 12 to change the cross-sectional size ( Figure 5 ).

[0028] The metal frame 3 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the C-shaped wall panels 11 are fixed to the metal frame 3 through the mounting holes. By installing the C-shaped wall panels in different mounting holes, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel can be changed.

[0029] The width of the C-shaped wall plate of the gradually expanding section module 2 gradually increases in the longitudinal direction to achieve a progressive expansion of the tunnel cross section ( Figure 3 The entrance end of the ramp module 4 is a section of flexible bellows 6, which is fixedly connected to the gradually expanding section module 2. The flexible bellows 6 is made of elastic material and can withstand multi-axial deformation, so that the ramp module 4 can rotate relative to the second main tunnel module 5 to achieve the change of the angle between the ramp module 4 and the second main tunnel module 5 ( Figure 4 ). Preferably, the flexible bellows 6 is made of rubber material, and the inner surface of the flexible bellows 6 is smooth. Experiments have shown that when the geometric scale of the main tunnel is 10<λl<22, if the ventilation rate is greater than 1m / s, the drag coefficient of the smooth flexible bellows is between 0.017-0.02.

[0030] The first main tunnel module 1, the ramp module 4 and the second main tunnel module 5 are all composed of a number of interchangeable tunnel units. The tunnel units have a unified interface standard and are connected by a metal frame 3 (not all of which are shown in the figure) to form a continuous tunnel structure. The longitudinal length of each module can be changed by changing the number of tunnel units in each module.

[0031] Those skilled in the art generally believe that in an urban tunnel ventilation test device, the roughness of the inner surface of the tunnel has an extremely important effect on the resistance loss, so this example uses hard materials as the tunnel body and simulates its roughness by sticking sandpaper on the inner surface of the tunnel.

[0032] The test shows that the resistance loss at the tunnel bifurcation is mainly local resistance loss, and the influence of the cross-sectional area ratio of the main tunnel to the ramp and the ramp diversion ratio on the local resistance loss is greater than the influence of the surface roughness of the main tunnel. The resistance characteristics of the ramp are the key to determining the ramp diversion capacity. Among them, the local loss coefficient at the bifurcation is the key to influencing the resistance characteristics, which is mainly affected by factors such as the cross-sectional structure shape of the tunnel, the cross-sectional area ratio of the main tunnel to the ramp, and the ramp diversion ratio. With so many variables, it is difficult to summarize the influence of each variable on the overall. We have shown through a large number of experiments that when the geometric scale λ of the main tunnel is l When the cross-sectional area ratio of the main tunnel to the ramp is between 1:10 and 1:22, and the angle between the ramp and the main tunnel is between 1 and 3, and the angle between the ramp and the main tunnel is between 0° and 45°, the local loss coefficient of the fork will be between 0.05 and 6, and the actual tunnel can be simulated by a reduced experimental platform. Therefore, the applicable condition of the utility model is that the geometric ratio of the actual tunnel to the experimental platform is 10<λ l <22, the cross-sectional area ratio of the main tunnel and the ramp is (1~3):1.

[0033] Example

[0034] A modular adjustable tunnel test model, the prototype of which is the Genshan East Road Cross-River Tunnel, which is built according to the standard of two-way six-lane. The total length of the tunnel is 4450m, of which the shield section is 3210m long. The shield section adopts a double-tube circular structure, and the outer diameter of the tunnel is 14.5m. A pair of access ramps are set between No. 23 Street and No. 25 Street in the Xiasha section, and a comprehensive pipeline corridor is set up along the open-cut section and one side of the connecting road. The connecting project on the west side of this project is also a tunnel, with a buried section of about 1350m long and a total length of 5800m. The inner wall uses a rough concrete surface.

[0035] The modular adjustable tunnel test model of this embodiment includes a first main tunnel module 1, a gradually expanding section module 2, a ramp module 4, a second main tunnel module 5 and a plurality of metal frames 3. The test model cast iron plate (thickness of 4 mm ± 0.2 mm) is prefabricated, processed and spliced ​​in sections. Each section is connected by a flange, and a rubber gasket with a thickness of 4 mm is added at the connection to ensure air tightness. Finally, it is fixed with a Φ10 nut and coated with a layer of glass glue.

[0036] Sandpaper is pasted on the four inner walls of each segment to simulate the roughness of the inner wall of the actual tunnel. In this embodiment, the equivalent roughness of the sandpaper is selected according to the material and characteristics of the actual tunnel wall; the corresponding relationship between the material and characteristics of the actual tunnel wall and the equivalent roughness of the sandpaper is shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1 Correspondence between the material and characteristics of the actual tunnel wall and the sandpaper equivalent roughness

[0038]

[0039] In this embodiment, the sandpaper equivalent roughness used is 0.45.

[0040] The structure of the test model corresponds to the actual size, and the geometric scale is 12.7. Figure 1 As shown, the first main tunnel module 1, the ramp module 4, and the standard parts are divided into sections of 1.5 m in length, and the modular standard parts are fixed by flanges and nuts. Figure 2 As shown, the C-shaped wall panel 11 is moved, and the cross-sectional dimensions are changed by changing the exposed area of ​​the rectangular wall panel 12, wherein: Figure 2 The middle dotted line indicates the position of the edge of the rectangular wall panel 12 in the C-shaped wall panel 11, and the fixing of the sliding wall panel is achieved through the flange and the nut.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the length of the expansion section module 2 is 5.5653m, the minimum inlet cross-sectional dimension of the expansion section module 2 is 0.375m×0.5m, and the minimum outlet cross-sectional dimension is 0.9665m×0.5m; the maximum inlet cross-sectional dimension is 0.75m×0.5m, and the maximum outlet cross-sectional dimension is 1.3415m×0.5m. The C-shaped wall panel is moved to change the exposed area of ​​the rectangular wall panel to complete the change of the cross-sectional dimension, wherein, Figure 3 The middle dotted line indicates the position of the edge of the rectangular wall panel in the C-shaped wall panel.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the flexible bellows 6 at the connection part between the expansion section module 2 and the ramp module is zigzag-shaped and has a certain deformation capacity, so that the angle between the main tunnel and the ramp can be adjusted at any time and arbitrarily to meet different test needs. The flexible bellows 6 is 0.5m high, with a maximum extension length of 1.875m and a minimum contraction length of 1m. The flexible bellows 6 has a certain deformation capacity. When the rotation angle is large, the deformation is large, and when the angle is small, the deformation is small.

[0043] In this embodiment, the flexible bellows 6 is made of elastic rubber material. In addition, the inner surface of the flexible bellows 6 is a smooth surface to reduce the resistance coefficient along the flexible bellows 6.

[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model. Although the utility model has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the utility model. Any technician familiar with the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the utility model by using the above disclosed methods and technical contents without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the utility model, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the utility model without departing from the content of the technical solution of the utility model still falls within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims

1. A modular and adjustable tunnel test model, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first main tunnel module (1), a gradually expanding section module (2), a ramp module (4), a second main tunnel module (5) and a plurality of metal frames (3); the first main tunnel module (1), the gradually expanding section module (2), the ramp module (4) and the second main tunnel module (5) are all tubular structures; the outlet end of the first main tunnel module (1) is connected to the inlet end of the gradually expanding section module (2) through the metal frame (3); the outlet end of the gradually expanding section module (2) is divided into two parts, one part is connected to the inlet end of the second main tunnel module (5) to form a first fork, and the other part is connected to the ramp module (4) to form a second fork; wherein the cross-sectional dimensions of the first main tunnel module (1), the gradually expanding section module (2) and the second main tunnel module (5) and the angle between the ramp module and the second main tunnel module can be changed.

2. A modular adjustable tunnel test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first main tunnel module (1), the gradually expanding section module (2) and the second main tunnel module (5) all comprise: Two rectangular wall panels (12) are respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the metal frame (3) to form the longitudinal support surface of the tunnel; Two C-shaped wall panels (11) are respectively nested on both sides of the two rectangular wall panels (12), and are movably connected to the metal frame (3). The C-shaped wall panels (11) can slide laterally along the rectangular wall panels (12) to change the cross-sectional dimensions.

3. A modular adjustable tunnel test model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal frame (3) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the C-shaped wall panels (11) are fixed to the metal frame (3) through the mounting holes. By mounting the C-shaped wall panels in different mounting holes, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel can be changed.

4. A modular adjustable tunnel test model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the C-shaped wall plate of the gradually expanding section module (2) gradually increases in the longitudinal direction, so as to achieve a progressive expansion of the tunnel cross section.

5. The modular adjustable tunnel test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The entrance end of the ramp module (4) is a section of flexible bellows (6), the flexible bellows is fixedly connected to the gradually expanding section module (2), the flexible bellows is made of elastic material and can withstand multi-axial deformation, so that the ramp module (4) can rotate relative to the second main tunnel module (5), thereby achieving a change in the angle between the ramp module (4) and the second main tunnel module (5).

6. A modular and adjustable tunnel test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the gradually expanding section module (2), the second main tunnel module (5) and the ramp module (4) is sealed.

7. A modular and adjustable tunnel test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first main tunnel module (1), the ramp module (4) and the second main tunnel module (5) are all composed of a plurality of interchangeable tunnel units, the tunnel units having a uniform interface standard, and the tunnel units are connected by a metal frame (3) to form a continuous tunnel structure, and the longitudinal length of each module can be changed by changing the number of tunnel units in each module.

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