Magnet system of magnetic confinement fusion device
By adopting an integrated structure circumferential field coil and a central solenoid coil wrapped in the magnet system of the magnetic constrained fusion device, the problems of limited magnetic constrained performance and difficult joint welding in the prior art are solved, and higher current carrying capacity and safety are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421903632.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Under the space limitations of the magnet system of the existing magnetic constrained fusion device, the magnetic flux of the central solenoid coil is limited, resulting in poor magnetic constraining performance, and the joints of the circumferential field coil are difficult to weld, which is easy to blow up, affecting operating performance.
A magnet system is adopted that uses a plurality of circumferential field coils and a central solenoid coil, wherein each circumferential field coil is an integrated structure coil, which is molded by a whole conductor at one time to reduce or eliminate the conductor joint, and the central solenoid coil is wrapped around the periphery of the central section of the circumferential field coil to improve magnetic constraint capabilities.
By reducing or eliminating the conductor joints of the circumferential field coil, the current carrying capacity of the coil is improved, the risk of joint burning is avoided, and the safety of the device and the magnetic restraint performance of the magnet system are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222914507U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fusion reactor, and particularly to a magnet system of a magnetic confinement fusion device. Background Art
[0002] Controlled nuclear fusion energy is an ideal clean energy in the future. Confinement fusion realizes the self-sustaining combustion of deuterium and tritium plasmas through the way of low-density and long-time combustion and maintains this combustion. Generally, there are three ways to generate nuclear fusion: gravitational confinement, inertial confinement and magnetic confinement. The magnetic confinement fusion devices mainly include three types: tokamak, stellarator and magnetic mirror. Among them, the tokamak is the easiest to approach the fusion conditions and develops the fastest. A magnet system composed of a variety of magnetic field coils (for example, toroidal field coils, poloidal field coils, central solenoid coils, etc.) is arranged on the tokamak device to constrain and control the plasma, so as to realize the fusion reaction.
[0003] At present, the central solenoid coil is often arranged in the center of the magnet system. The toroidal field coils are arranged circumferentially around the periphery of the central solenoid coil, and the poloidal field coils are arranged outside the toroidal field coils. The central solenoid coil in this magnet system structure is limited by the space of the fusion device, and its diameter size is also limited. Therefore, the magnetic flux at the center of the central solenoid coil is also limited, and the magnetic confinement performance is limited. In the related art, both the toroidal field coil and the central solenoid coil are formed by welding a plurality of open-loop coil segments. Not only is the welding difficulty of the joints relatively high, but also the resistance at the joints is relatively large, which not only affects the current-carrying capacity of the coils, but also has a relatively high risk of the joints being burned out when passing a large current. As a result, the operating performance of the magnet system is relatively poor.
[0004] Therefore, how to improve the operating performance of the magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present application provides a magnet system of a magnetic confinement fusion device to solve the above technical problem of how to improve the operating performance of the magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device.
[0006] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a magnet system of a magnetic confinement fusion device, including: a plurality of toroidal field coils and a central solenoid coil; each of the toroidal field coils is an integral structure coil, including a central section and a peripheral section, and the central sections of the plurality of toroidal field coils are close to each other and arranged in a circumferential circle form; the central solenoid coil is wound around the periphery of the central sections of each of the toroidal field coils.
[0007] In one embodiment, the central solenoid coil is an integral structure coil.
[0008] In one embodiment, the central solenoid coil has m layers and n columns, including: n groups of cross-layer transition segments, which are respectively distributed on each column, and the projections of the same group of cross-layer transition segments on the radial plane overlap, for realizing the tangential connection between adjacent layers on the same column; a cross-column transition segment, located between the n columns, including n-1 first cross-column transition segments respectively located on the second layer and the last layer along the circumferential direction and a second cross-column transition segment group arranged radially on the first layer; wherein, the first cross-column transition segment for the transition from an odd-numbered column to an even-numbered column is located on the last layer, and the first cross-column transition segment for the transition from an even-numbered column to an odd-numbered column is located on the second layer; the second cross-column transition segment group includes n-1 second cross-column segments for realizing the tangential connection between adjacent columns on the first layer, wherein, the second layer is the next layer of the first layer in the direction towards the last layer, and n is an even number.
[0009] In one embodiment, the first layer is formed by winding the conductor of the innermost column of the second layer from the innermost layer to the outermost layer at the position of the first layer after the conductor of the innermost column of the second layer is transitioned to the position of the first layer through the cross-layer transition segment of the innermost column.
[0010] In one embodiment, a first lead-out end and a second lead-out end are also led out on the first layer; the first lead-out end is led out from the outermost column of the first layer by the conductor winding the first layer; the second lead-out end is led out from the outermost column of the first layer after the conductor of the outermost column of the second layer is transitioned to the first layer through the cross-layer transition segment.
[0011] In one embodiment, the winding direction of the odd-numbered columns is from the second layer to the last layer; the winding direction of the even-numbered columns is from the last layer to the second layer.
[0012] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the central segment is a sector, and the cross-sectional shape of the peripheral segment is a rectangle.
[0013] In one embodiment, the angle of the sector is less than or equal to 360° / x, where x is the number of toroidal field coils.
[0014] In one embodiment, the toroidal field coil further includes a transition segment located between the central segment and the periphery; at the transition segment, from the peripheral segment to the central segment, the conductor bends in the direction of increasing number of layers and / or decreasing number of columns; at the transition segment, from the central segment to the peripheral segment, the conductor bends in the direction of decreasing number of layers and / or increasing number of columns.
[0015] In one embodiment, there is a cross-layer and cross-column region in the peripheral segment, in the cross-layer and cross-column region, the conductor of the innermost layer in the odd-numbered columns bends across the column to the adjacent column, the conductor of the outermost layer in the even-numbered columns bends across the column to the adjacent column, and the conductor of the middle layer in the cross-layer and cross-column region bends across the layer to the adjacent layer.
[0016] The embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects:
[0017] Each toroidal field coil can be formed by winding a single whole conductor at one time, reducing or eliminating the conductor joints that make up the toroidal field coil, enhancing the current-carrying capacity of the coil conductor, and at the same time avoiding the risk of the joints being burned out when passing a large current, greatly improving the safety of the device. Each toroidal field coil includes a central section and a peripheral section, and the central sections of multiple toroidal field coils are close to each other and arranged in a toroidal circumferential form. The central solenoid coil is wound around the periphery of the central section of the toroidal field coil. Compared with the prior art in which the central solenoid coil is arranged in the center, the structure in which the central solenoid coil is wound around the outer side of the central section in the toroidal direction of the toroidal field coil, in a relatively limited space, the relative diameter of the central solenoid coil will be larger. When the same current is passed through the central solenoid coil or under the condition of the same magnetic field intensity, the magnetic flux in the central solenoid coil will be larger, enhancing the magnetic confinement ability of the magnet system. It can make more efficient use of the space inside the magnetic confinement fusion device.
[0018] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the following specifically gives preferred embodiments and, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, makes the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.
[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device in the embodiment of the present application;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the toroidal field coil of the magnetic confinement fusion device in the embodiment of the present application;
[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transition section of the toroidal field coil from a perspective provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0023] Figure 4 It shows a schematic structural diagram of the transition section of the toroidal field coil from another perspective provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the central solenoid coil provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the winding directions of each column of the central solenoid coil provided by the embodiment of the present application.
[0026] As shown in the figure:
[0027] 100, toroidal field coil; 110, central section; 120, peripheral section; 130, transition section; 140, cross-layer and cross-column region; 200, central solenoid coil; 210, cross-layer transition section; 220, first cross-column transition section; 230, second cross-column transition section group; 240, first outgoing terminal; 250, second outgoing terminal. Detailed implementation manners
[0028] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application to be protected, but only represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0029] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a magnet system of a magnetic confinement fusion device. The magnet system at least includes a plurality of toroidal field coils 100 and a central solenoid coil 200. Among them, each toroidal field coil 100 can be an integral structure coil. In this embodiment, each toroidal field coil 100 can be formed by winding a whole conductor at one time, reducing or eliminating the conductor joints of the toroidal field coil 100, improving the current-carrying capacity of the coil conductor, and at the same time avoiding the risk of the joints being burned out when passing a large current, greatly improving the safety of the device.
[0030] Each toroidal field coil 100 includes a central section 110 and a peripheral section 120. The central sections 110 of the plurality of toroidal field coils 100 are close to each other and arranged in a circumferential form. The central solenoid coil 200 is wrapped around the periphery of the central section 110 of the toroidal field coil 100. Compared with the prior art in which the central solenoid coil 200 is arranged in the center and the toroidal field coils 100 are circumferentially distributed outside the central solenoid coil 200, in the present application, the central solenoid coil 200 is wrapped around the outside of the central section 110 of the toroidal field coil 100. In a relatively limited space, the relative diameter of the central solenoid coil 200 will be larger. When the same current is passed through the central solenoid coil 200 or in the case of the same magnetic field intensity, the magnetic flux in the central solenoid coil 200 will be larger, improving the magnetic confinement ability of the magnet system. It can make more efficient use of the space inside the magnetic confinement fusion device.
[0031] A whole conductor is used to wind each toroidal field coil 100, and multiple toroidal field coils 100 are installed in a circular arrangement to form a toroidal field magnet composed of multiple toroidal field coils 100. For example, 16, 20 or 24 toroidal field coils 100 are arranged in a circular arrangement to form a toroidal field magnet system. After the toroidal field coils 100 are installed, the central solenoid coil 200 is wound on-site outside the central section 110 of the toroidal field coil 100.
[0032] In one embodiment, similar to the toroidal field coil 100, the central solenoid coil 200 is also an integrated structure coil, which is formed by winding a whole conductor at one time, reducing or eliminating the conductor joints that make up the central solenoid coil 200, avoiding the risk of burning out at the joints when large current is passed, and further improving the safety of the installation.
[0033] In one embodiment, if Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the toroidal field coil 100 further includes a transition section 130 located between the central section 110 and the periphery; Figure 3 As shown, the cross section of the central section 110 in the toroidal field coil 100 is a fan-shaped cross section 131. Figure 4 As shown, the cross section of the peripheral segment 120 is a rectangular cross section 132, and when the plurality of central segments 110 with fan-shaped cross sections are arranged in a circumferential direction, they can better fit each other and have a compact structure.
[0034] In order to further reduce the gap between each central segment 110 and make the structure of the toroidal field magnet more compact, in one embodiment, the angle of the cross-sectional sector of the central segment 110 is less than or equal to 360° / x, where x is the number of the toroidal field coils 100 .
[0035] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, at the transition section 130, from the peripheral section 120 to the central section 110, the conductor bends in the direction of increasing the number of layers and / or decreasing the number of columns; at the transition section 130, from the central section 110 to the peripheral section 120, the conductor bends in the direction of decreasing the number of layers and / or increasing the number of columns. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the conductor bending direction shown by the arrow in the middle is exemplary, and the conductor is bent toward increasing the number of layers and / or bending toward decreasing the number of columns at the transition section 130; when the central section 110 transitions to the peripheral section 120, see Figure 4 The middle direction arrow exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the conductor bending direction. At the transition section 130, the conductor bends toward a decrease in the number of layers and / or bends toward an increase in the number of columns, that is, the conductor is restored to its original position from the central section 110 to the peripheral section 120.
[0036] In one embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the peripheral segment 120 has a cross-layer and cross-column region 140. In the cross-layer and cross-column region 140, the innermost conductor in the odd-numbered columns bends cross-column to an adjacent column, and the outermost conductor in the even-numbered columns bends cross-column to an adjacent column. The conductor in the middle layer of the cross-layer and cross-column region 140 bends cross-layer to an adjacent layer. In this embodiment, the starting position of the toroidal field coil 100 winding is at the peripheral segment 120. Starting from the outermost layer at the starting position, it winds through the transition segment 130, the central segment 110, and the transition segment 130 and then winds back to the peripheral segment 120. When reaching the starting position, the conductor bends cross-layer to the inner layer for the next layer of winding until reaching the innermost layer. After reaching the starting position in the innermost layer, the conductor bends cross-column to the next column and starts winding from the inner layer in the next column. When reaching the starting position, the conductor bends cross-layer to the outer layer until reaching the outermost layer. It winds in this way until all columns are wound.
[0037] In one embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, the central solenoid coil 200 has m layers and n columns. During the winding process of the central solenoid coil 200 using a single conductor, it winds successively from the innermost column to the outermost column, that is, first completes the winding of each layer from the second layer to the last layer of one column, and then winds the same number of layers of the next column. Among them, the winding direction of the odd-numbered columns is from the second layer to the last layer; the winding direction of the even-numbered columns is from the last layer to the second layer. Among them, the first layer is formed by the conductor of the innermost column of the second layer transitioning to the first layer position through the cross-layer transition segment 210 of the innermost column and then coiling from the innermost layer to the outermost layer at the first layer position.
[0038] In one embodiment, the central solenoid coil 200 wound by the winding method in the above embodiment includes n groups of cross-layer transition segments 210, which are distributed in each column one by one. The projections of the same group of cross-layer transition segments 210 on the radial plane overlap, and are used to realize the tangential connection between adjacent layers in the same column; between the n columns, there are also cross-column transition segments, including n - 1 first cross-column transition segments 220 located in the second layer and the last layer along the circumferential direction and a second cross-column transition segment group 230 located in the first layer and arranged radially; among them, the first cross-column transition segment 220 for the odd-numbered column to transition to the even-numbered column is located in the last layer, and the first cross-column transition segment 220 for the even-numbered column to transition to the odd-numbered column is located in the second layer; the second cross-column transition segment group 230 includes n - 1 second cross-column segments, which are used to realize the tangential connection between adjacent columns in the first layer. Among them, the second layer is the next layer of the first layer in the direction towards the last layer. The cross-layer transition segments 210 are used to realize the tangential connection between adjacent layers in the same column, and the gaps at any position between adjacent layers are the same or within the preset interlayer gap range, so as to avoid the turn voids formed due to cross-layers. Moreover, the cross-column transition segments between the columns are located on the second layer and the last layer, which can effectively reduce the turn voids during the winding process of the central solenoid coil 200 and improve the current density of the central solenoid coil 200.
[0039] A first lead-out end 240 and a second lead-out end 250 are also led out from the first layer; the first lead-out end 240 is led out from the outermost column of the first layer by the conductor coiling around the first layer; the second lead-out end 250 is led out from the outermost column of the second layer after being transitioned to the first layer through the cross-layer transition segment 220 and then led out from the outermost column of the first layer.
[0040] In one embodiment, in order to enable the first lead-out end 240 and the second lead-out end 250 to be led out from the first layer at the same time, the number of columns of the central solenoid coil 200 is even. When winding the coil, first wind the innermost column, then perform cross-column winding in the last layer, wind the second column, and then perform cross-column winding in the second layer, and loop in turn. As Figure 6 shown, the odd-numbered columns are wound from the first layer towards the last layer, and the even-numbered columns are wound from the last layer towards the first layer. Finally, the outermost column is wound in the second layer, that is, the lead-out end after winding can lead out the second lead-out end 250 after transitioning from the outermost column of the second layer to the first layer. In this embodiment, the first lead-out end 240 and the second lead-out end 250 can be as close as possible. The current magnitudes of the two lead-out ends are the same and the directions are opposite. Therefore, the magnetic fields generated by the currents can cancel each other out, reducing the influence of the magnetic field generated by the lead-out ends on the magnetic field of the coil. Moreover, the first lead-out end 240 and the second lead-out end 250 are close to each other, which is also convenient for simultaneous fixed installation and simplifies the installation operation.
[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this application is usually placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0042] In addition, terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "hanging", etc. do not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or hanging, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.
[0043] In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", "linked" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific situations.
[0044] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
Claims
1. A magnet system for a magnetic confinement fusion device, characterized in that: include: a plurality of toroidal field coils and a central solenoidal coil; Each of the toroidal field coils is an integrated structure coil, including a central segment and a peripheral segment, and the central segments of the plurality of toroidal field coils are close to each other and arranged in a toroidal circular form; The central solenoid coil is wrapped around the periphery of the central segment of each of the toroidal field coils.
2. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central solenoid coil is an integrated structure coil.
3. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central solenoid coil has m layers and n columns, including: n groups of cross-layer transition sections, which are distributed one by one on each column, and the projections of the same group of cross-layer transition sections on the radial plane overlap, so as to realize the tangential connection between adjacent layers on the same column; cross-column transition sections, which are located between n columns, including n-1 first cross-column transition sections along the circumferential direction which are respectively located in the second layer and the tail layer, and a second cross-column transition section group which is arranged radially on the first layer; wherein the first cross-column transition section for transitioning from odd columns to even columns is located in the tail layer, and the first cross-column transition section for transitioning from even columns to odd columns is located in the second layer; the second cross-column transition section group includes n-1 second cross-column sections, which are used to realize the tangential connection between adjacent columns of the first layer, wherein the second layer is the layer below the first layer in the direction toward the tail layer, and n is an even number.
4. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first layer is formed by winding from the innermost layer to the outermost layer at the first layer after the conductor of the innermost row of the second layer transitions to the first layer through the cross-layer transition section of the innermost row.
5. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first outgoing line terminal and a second outgoing line terminal are also led out from the first layer; The first outlet terminal is led out from the outermost row of the first layer by winding the conductor of the first layer; The second lead-out terminal is led out from the outermost row of conductors in the second layer through the cross-layer transition section to the first layer and then leads out from the outermost row of the first layer.
6. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The winding direction of odd-numbered columns is from the second layer to the last layer; the winding direction of even-numbered columns is from the last layer to the second layer.
7. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the central segment is a fan-shaped one, and the cross-sectional shape of the peripheral segment is a rectangle.
8. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The angle of the sector is less than or equal to 360° / x, where x is the number of the toroidal field coils.
9. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The toroidal field coil also includes a transition section between the central section and the periphery; At the transition section from the outer section to the central section, the conductor bends in the direction of increasing the number of layers and / or decreasing the number of columns; at the transition section from the central section to the outer section, the conductor bends in the direction of decreasing the number of layers and / or increasing the number of columns.
10. The magnet system of the magnetic confinement fusion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer segment has a cross-layer and cross-column area, in which the innermost conductor in an odd-numbered column in the cross-layer and cross-column area is bent toward an adjacent column, and the outermost conductor in an even-numbered column is bent toward an adjacent column. The conductor of the middle layer in the cross-layer and cross-column area is bent toward another adjacent layer.