Double-speed multipurpose winch with external direct-connection planetary gear train speed change mechanism

Abstract

The utility model discloses a double-speed multipurpose winch with an external direct-connection planetary gear train speed change mechanism. The double-speed multipurpose winch comprises a winch base, a motor base, a motor, a high-speed coupler, a low-speed coupler, a roller supporting seat, a roller and a speed reduction device. An output shaft of the motor is connected with the speed reducer through a high-speed coupler; the speed reducer is connected with the roller through a low-speed coupler; the speed reduction device comprises a double-speed speed reduction device, a double-speed and first-stage planet speed reduction device or a double-speed and second-stage planet speed reduction device; wherein the speed reduction device is formed by connecting a planetary gear train speed change mechanism with a gear speed reduction mechanism or directly formed by the planetary gear train speed change mechanism and then connected with the roller device. The output component is meshed with a large gear externally connected to a shell of the roller device. When gears are switched, gear meshing of the speed reduction mechanism is not changed, and the problems that a JSDB series double-speed multipurpose winch is complex in structure and low in transmission efficiency are solved only by changing the rotating speed of an inner gear ring in the speed change mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a two-speed transmission device, in particular to an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed-changing mechanism two-speed multi-purpose winch which is suitable for improving the JSDB series two-speed multi-purpose winch to complete roadway pillar recovery or dispatching and towing heavy objects, and has the functions of a slow-speed pillar-removing winch and a high-speed dispatching and transportation winch. Background Technique

[0002] At present, the JSDB series two-speed multi-purpose winches are widely used in coal mines. Although they can complete roadway pillar recovery or dispatching and towing heavy objects, and have the functions of a slow-speed pillar-removing winch and a fast-speed dispatching and transportation winch, there are some disadvantages. The JSDB series two-speed multi-purpose winches adopt a motor + multi-stage fixed-axis reducer + drum. The slow speed of the JSDB series two-speed multi-purpose winch is composed of six pairs of fixed-axis gears in meshing transmission, and the fast speed is composed of four pairs of fixed-axis gears in meshing transmission. As a result, the JSDB series two-speed multi-purpose winches have the disadvantages of large floor area, heaviness, large installation chamber, difficult relocation, and low efficiency. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a two-speed multi-purpose winch with the advantages of small floor area, light weight, small installation chamber, convenient relocation of the winch, and high efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical Problem: The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed-changing mechanism two-speed multi-purpose winch with a compact structure, convenient use, and good effect.

[0004] Technical Solution: To achieve the above purpose, an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed-changing mechanism two-speed multi-purpose winch of the utility model includes a winch base, a motor base, a motor, a high-speed coupling, a low-speed coupling, a drum support seat, a drum, and a speed reduction device; the motor is fixedly installed on the motor base, the motor base and the speed reduction device are fixedly installed on the winch base, and the drum is installed on the winch base through two groups of drum support seats; the output shaft of the motor is connected to the speed reduction device through the high-speed coupling, and the speed reduction device is connected to the drum through the low-speed coupling; the speed reduction device includes a "two-speed" speed reduction device, a "two-speed + one-stage planetary" speed reduction device, or a "two-speed + two-stage planetary" speed reduction device.

[0005] The described "two-speed" reduction device includes a left end cover, a first bearing, a reduction device housing, a rotating rod seat, a rotating rod, an internal gear ring inside the housing, a right end cover, and a two-speed reduction gear train located inside the reduction device housing. The two-speed reduction gear train includes a variable-speed sliding gear, a second bearing, a variable-speed internal gear ring, a variable-speed planetary gear set, a variable-speed planetary carrier, a variable-speed central gear shaft, and a third bearing. The variable-speed central gear shaft is a stepped shaft. Its left end is integrally connected to the motor output shaft through a high-speed coupling. The middle part is sealed by the left end cover and is rotationally supported by the reduction device housing through the first bearing. The outer gear on the right end meshes with the variable-speed planetary gear set. The variable-speed sliding gear is sleeved on the smooth shaft section in the middle of the variable-speed central gear shaft. There is a groove on the outer circumference on the left side of the variable-speed sliding gear. There are external teeth on the outer circumference on the right side of the variable-speed sliding gear that can mesh with the variable-speed internal gear ring or the internal gear ring inside the housing. The inner hole on the right side of the variable-speed sliding gear has an internal gear ring that can mesh with the gear teeth of the variable-speed central gear shaft. The reduction device housing is fixed to the ground. The internal gear ring inside the housing is fixedly installed inside the reduction device housing. There is a through hole on the left side of the reduction device housing that can install the rotating rod seat. The rotating rod adopts a lever structure. The middle fulcrum is hinged to the rotating rod seat. One end is installed in the groove on the left side of the variable-speed sliding gear with a gap. The other end is located outside the reduction device housing. The rotation limit of the rotating rod is positions A and B. The left end of the variable-speed internal gear ring is rotationally supported by the reduction gear housing through a bearing. The large internal gear ring on the right side of the variable-speed internal gear ring meshes with the variable-speed planetary gear set. The small internal gear ring on the left side of the variable-speed internal gear ring meshes with the variable-speed sliding gear. The left end of the variable-speed planetary carrier is multiple planetary shafts and is rotationally supported by the variable-speed planetary gear set through the second bearing. The inner hole on the right side of the variable-speed planetary carrier is rotationally supported by the reduction device housing through the third bearing and is sealed with the reduction device housing through the right end cover. The inner hole on the right side of the variable-speed planetary carrier is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling.

[0006] When the winch needs to be in the low-speed gear during operation, the variable-speed sliding gear is shifted to position A by the rotating rod. The variable-speed sliding gear meshes with the internal gear ring inside the housing and disengages from the variable-speed central gear shaft. At this time, the rotational speed of the variable-speed internal gear ring is zero.

[0007] When the winch needs to be in the high-speed gear during operation, the variable-speed sliding gear is shifted to position B by the rotating rod. The variable-speed sliding gear meshes with the variable-speed central gear shaft and disengages from the internal gear ring inside the housing. At this time, the rotational speeds of the variable-speed central gear shaft, the variable-speed planetary carrier, and the variable-speed internal gear ring are the same.

[0008] The described "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction device includes a "two-speed" reduction device and a one-stage planetary gear train added after the "two-speed" reduction device. The left side of the one-stage planetary gear train is connected to the variable-speed planetary carrier, and the right side is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling, forming a "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction device.

[0009] The "two-speed + two-stage planetary" reduction gear device includes a "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction gear device and a two-stage planetary gear train added between the "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction gear devices. The left side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the one-stage planetary gear train, and the right side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling, forming a "two-speed + two-stage planetary" reduction gear device.

[0010] The primary planetary gear system added in the "dual-speed + primary planetary" reduction device includes a primary center wheel, a primary planetary shaft, bearing four, a primary planetary gear set, a primary inner gear ring, a primary planet carrier, and an anti-collision plate; the primary center wheel is meshed with the primary planetary gear set, and the primary planetary gear set is slewingly supported on the primary planet carrier through bearing four, and is also meshed with the primary inner gear ring fixed to the reducer housing, and the inner hole on the right side of the primary planet carrier is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling.

[0011] The "dual-speed + secondary planetary" reduction device adds a secondary planetary gear train including a secondary center wheel, a secondary planetary shaft, a bearing five, a secondary planetary gear set, a secondary inner gear ring and a secondary planet carrier; the left end of the secondary center wheel is meshed with the internal teeth on the right side of the primary planet carrier, the secondary center wheel is meshed with the secondary planetary gear set, the secondary planetary gear set is slewingly supported on the secondary planet carrier through the bearing five, and is meshed with the secondary inner gear ring processed on the reducer housing, and the inner hole on the right side of the secondary planet carrier is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling.

[0012] In the "two-speed" reduction gear, the number of teeth on the central gear shaft is z. a1 , the number of teeth on the gear ring is z b1 The central gear shaft of the speed change is the input component with a speed of n a1 The planetary carrier is the output component with a speed of n h1 , the speed of the drum is n; the speed change sliding gear and the speed change inner gear ring are always meshed, and the switching between position A and position B is realized by toggling the rotating rod. When the rotating rod is in position A, the speed change sliding gear is meshed with the inner gear ring of the housing and disengaged from the speed change center wheel shaft, and the speed change inner gear ring speed n b1 =0, the winch is in low gear, the drum speed When in position B, the speed change sliding gear is meshed with the speed change center wheel shaft and disengaged from the inner gear ring of the housing. The speed change center wheel shaft and the speed change inner gear ring have the same rotation speed, that is, n a1 =n b1 , at this time the winch is in high gear, and the speed of the drum is n = n h1 =n a1 .

[0013] In the first-stage planetary gear train of the "two-speed + first-stage planetary" reduction device, the number of teeth of the first-stage center gear is z a2 , the number of teeth of the first-stage internal gear ring z b2 ; The first-stage center wheel is the input component, and the speed is na2 = n h1 where the first - stage planet carrier is the output member and the rotational speed When the winch is in the low - speed gear, the rotational speed of the drum (8) When the winch is in the high - speed gear, the rotational speed of the drum (8)

[0014] In the second - stage planetary gear train of the two - speed + second - stage planetary reduction device, the number of teeth of the second - stage central gear is z a3 , the number of teeth of the second - stage internal gear ring is z b3 , the second - stage central gear is the input member with rotational speed n a3 = n h2 , the second - stage planet carrier is the output member with rotational speed of When the winch is in the low - speed gear, the rotational speed of the drum When the winch is in the high - speed gear, the rotational speed of the drum

[0015] The described two - speed reduction gear train, first - stage planetary gear train and second - stage planetary gear train all adopt oil lubrication method.

[0016] The described rotating rod has a clearance fit with the hole of the rotating rod seat, and there is a sealing ring at the mating part.

[0017] Beneficial effects: Due to the adoption of the above - mentioned technical solutions, the transmission device of the two - speed multi - purpose winch of the present utility model using a planetary gear transmission speed - changing mechanism is composed of a set of speed - changing mechanism and a reduction mechanism composed of 0 - 2 - stage planetary gear trains. By rotating the rotating rod, the rotational speed of the speed - changing internal gear ring in the speed - changing mechanism is changed to complete two - speed transmission and realize the switching between high and low speed gears. When the connecting rod is in position A, the speed - changing sliding gear, speed - changing internal gear ring and the internal gear ring of the housing can be regarded as the same component with a rotational speed of zero, and the winch is in the low - speed gear; when the connecting rod is in position B, the speed - changing sliding gear, speed - changing internal gear ring and speed - changing central gear shaft in the speed - changing mechanism can be regarded as the same component with the same rotational speed. At this time, the transmission ratio of the speed - changing mechanism is 1, and the winch is in the high - speed gear. The gear reduction mechanism is composed of a speed - changing planetary gear train or a speed - changing planetary gear train connected to a multi - stage planetary gear train. The output member is directly connected to the drum through a low - speed coupling. When the gear shifts, the meshing of the gears in the reduction mechanism does not change, and only by changing the rotational speed of the internal gear ring in the speed - changing mechanism, the problems of complex structure and low transmission efficiency existing in the JSDB series two - speed multi - purpose winches are solved. It has the advantages of simple structure and small floor area. Utilizing the symmetry of the planetary gear structure, it can share the effective circumferential load together and can also offset the harmful radial load and inertial force. It has the advantages of compact structure and strong ability to resist impact and vibration, and has wide practicability in this technical field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a two - speed winch of the "two - speed" reduction device.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a double-speed winch with a "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction device.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a double-speed winch with a "two-speed + two-stage planetary" reduction device.

[0021] In the figure: 1 winch base, 2 motor base, 3 drive motor, 4 high-speed coupling, 501 "two-speed" reduction device, 502 "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction device, 503 "two-speed + two-stage planetary" reduction device, 5-1 left end cover, 5-2 bearing one, 5-3 reduction device housing, 5-4 rotating rod seat, 5-5 rotating rod, 5-6 internal gear ring of the housing, 5-7 variable-speed sliding gear, 5-8 bearing two, 5-9 variable-speed internal gear ring, 5-10 variable-speed planetary gear, 5-11 variable-speed planetary carrier, 5-12 variable-speed central gear shaft, 5-13 bearing three, 5-14 right end cover, 5-15 first-stage central gear, 5-16 first-stage planetary shaft, 5-17 bearing four, 5-18 first-stage planetary gear set, 5-19 first-stage internal gear ring, 5-20 first-stage planetary carrier, 5-21 anti-collision plate, 5-22 second-stage central gear, 5-23 second-stage planetary shaft, 5-24 bearing five, 5-25 second-stage planetary gear set, 5-26 second-stage internal gear ring, 5-27 second-stage planetary carrier, 6 low-speed coupling, 7 drum support seat, 8 drum. Specific embodiments

[0022] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Embodiment 1. As Figure 1 shown, an externally directly connected planetary gear train variable-speed mechanism double-speed multi-purpose winch includes a winch base 1, a motor base 2, a motor 3, a high-speed coupling 4, a low-speed coupling 6, a drum support seat 7, a drum 8, and a "two-speed" reduction device 501; the motor 3 is fixedly installed on the motor base 2, the motor base 2 and the "two-speed" reduction device 501 are fixedly installed on the winch base 1, and the drum 8 is installed on the winch base 1 through two groups of drum support seats 7.

[0024] The output shaft of the motor 3 is connected to the "two-speed" reduction device 501 through the high-speed coupling 4 to drive the reduction gear train to rotate; the output inner hole of the "two-speed" reduction device 501 is then connected through the shaft of the low-speed coupling 6 and further connected to the drum 8 to drive the drum 8 to rotate to achieve transmission.

[0025] The described "two-speed" reduction device 501 includes a left end cover 5-1, a first bearing 5-2, a reduction device housing 5-3, a rotating rod seat 5-4, a rotating rod 5-5, an internal gear ring 5-6 of the housing, a right end cover 5-14, and a two-speed reduction gear train inside the reduction device housing 5-3. The two-speed reduction gear train includes a variable-speed sliding gear 5-7, a second bearing 5-8, a variable-speed internal gear ring 5-9, a variable-speed planetary gear set 5-10, a variable-speed planetary carrier 5-11, a variable-speed central gear shaft 5-12, and a third bearing 5-13. The variable-speed central gear shaft 5-12 is a stepped shaft. Its left end is integrally connected to the output shaft of the motor 3 through a high-speed coupling 4. The middle part is sealed by the left end cover 5-1 and is rotationally supported by the reduction device housing 5-3 through the first bearing 5-2. The outer gear on the right end meshes with the variable-speed planetary gear set 5-10. The variable-speed sliding gear 5-7 is sleeved on the smooth shaft section in the middle of the variable-speed central gear shaft 5-12. There is a groove on the outer circumference on the left side of the variable-speed sliding gear 5-7. There are external teeth on the outer circumference on the right side of the variable-speed sliding gear 5-7 that mesh with the variable-speed internal gear ring 5-9 or the internal gear ring 5-6 of the housing. The inner hole on the right side of the variable-speed sliding gear 5-7 has an internal gear ring that can mesh with the gear teeth of the variable-speed central gear shaft 5-12. The reduction device housing 5-3 is fixed to the ground, and the internal gear ring 5-6 of the housing is fixedly installed inside it. There is a through hole on the left side of the reduction device housing 5-3 for installing the rotating rod seat 5-4. The rotating rod 5-5 adopts a lever structure. The middle fulcrum is hinged to the rotating rod seat 5-4. One end is installed in the groove on the left side of the variable-speed sliding gear 5-7 with a gap, and the other end is located outside the reduction device housing 5-3. The rotation limit of the rotating rod 5-5 is at two positions A and B. The left end of the variable-speed internal gear ring 5-9 is rotationally supported by the reduction device housing 5-3 through a bearing. The large internal gear ring on the right side of the variable-speed internal gear ring 5-9 meshes with the variable-speed planetary gear set 5-10. The small internal gear ring on the left side of the variable-speed internal gear ring 5-9 meshes with the variable-speed sliding gear 5-7. The left end of the variable-speed planetary carrier 5-11 has multiple planetary shafts and is rotationally supported by the variable-speed planetary gear set 5-10 through the second bearing 5-8. The right side of the variable-speed planetary carrier 5-11 is an inner hole, which is rotationally supported by the reduction device housing 5-3 through the third bearing 5-13 and is sealed with the reduction device housing 5-3 through the right end cover 5-14. The inner hole on the right side of the variable-speed planetary carrier 5-11 is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling 6.

[0026] The utility model has two working modes. When the winch needs to be in the low-speed gear during work, the speed-changing sliding gear 5-7 is toggled to position A by the rotating rod 5-5. The speed-changing sliding gear 5-7 meshes with the inner gear ring 5-6 of the housing and disengages from the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12. At this time, the rotational speed of the speed-changing inner gear ring 5-9 is zero. When the winch needs to be in the high-speed gear during work, the speed-changing sliding gear 5-7 is toggled to position B by the rotating rod 5-5. The speed-changing sliding gear 5-7 meshes with the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12 and disengages from the inner gear ring 5-6 of the housing. At this time, the rotational speeds of the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12, the speed-changing planetary carrier 5-11, and the speed-changing inner gear ring 5-9 are the same.

[0027] The rotating rod 5-5 is in movable fit with the hole of the rotating rod seat 5-4, and there is a sealing ring at the mating part.

[0028] In the "two-speed" reduction device 501, the number of teeth of the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12 is z a1 , the number of teeth of the speed-changing inner gear ring 5-9 is z b1 , the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12 is the input component with a rotational speed of n a1 , the speed-changing planetary carrier 5-11 is the output component with a rotational speed of n h1 , and the rotational speed of the drum 8 is n. The speed-changing sliding gear 5-7 and the speed-changing inner gear ring 5-9 are always meshed. By toggling the rotating rod 5-5, the switching between position A and position B is realized. When the rotating rod 5-5 is in position A, the speed-changing sliding gear 5-7 meshes with the inner gear ring 5-6 of the housing and disengages from the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12, and the rotational speed n b1 of the speed-changing inner gear ring 5-9 = 0. At this time, the winch is in the low-speed gear, and the rotational speed of the drum 8 When in position B, the speed-changing sliding gear 5-7 meshes with the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12 and disengages from the inner gear ring 5-6 of the housing. The rotational speeds of the speed-changing central gear shaft 5-12 and the speed-changing inner gear ring 5-9 are the same, that is, n a1 = n b1 . At this time, the winch is in the high-speed gear, and the rotational speed n of the drum 8 = n h1 = n a1 .

[0029] Embodiment 2: As Figure 2 shown, an externally mounted direct-connected planetary gear train speed-changing mechanism two-speed multi-purpose winch includes a winch base 1, a motor base 2, a motor 3, a high-speed coupling 4, a low-speed coupling 6, a drum support seat 7, a drum 8, and a "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction device 502. The "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction device 502 includes a "two-speed" reduction device 501 and a one-stage planetary gear train added after the "two-speed" reduction device 501. The left side of the one-stage planetary gear train is connected to the speed-changing planetary carrier 5-11, and the right side is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling 6, constituting the "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction device 502;

[0030] The additional first-stage planetary gear train in the "two-speed + first-stage planetary" reduction device 502 includes a first-stage central gear 5-15, a first-stage planetary shaft 5-16, a bearing four 5-17, a first-stage planetary gear set 5-18, a first-stage internal gear ring 5-19, a first-stage planetary carrier 5-20, and a collision prevention plate 5-21; the first-stage central gear 5-15 meshes with the first-stage planetary gear set 5-18, and the first-stage planetary gear set 5-18 is rotationally supported on the first-stage planetary carrier 5-20 through the bearing four 5-17 and simultaneously meshes with the first-stage internal gear ring 5-19 fixed to the reducer housing 5-3. The inner hole on the right side of the first-stage planetary carrier 5-20 is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling 6.

[0031] Parts identical to those in the first embodiment are omitted.

[0032] In the first-stage planetary gear train of the "two-speed + first-stage planetary" reduction device 502, the number of teeth of the first-stage central gear 5-15 is z a2 , and the number of teeth of the first-stage internal gear ring 5-19 is z b2 ; the first-stage central gear 5-15 is the input member with a rotational speed of n a2 = n h1 , and the first-stage planetary carrier 5-20 is the output member with a rotational speed of When the winch is in the low-speed gear, the rotational speed of the drum 8 is When the winch is in the high-speed gear, the rotational speed of the drum 8 is

[0033] Embodiment 3: As Figure 3 shown, an externally-mounted direct-connected planetary gear train variable-speed mechanism two-speed multi-purpose winch includes a winch base 1, a motor base 2, a motor 3, a high-speed coupling 4, a low-speed coupling 6, a drum support 7, a drum 8, and a "two-speed + second-stage planetary" reduction device 503; the "two-speed + second-stage planetary" reduction device 503 includes a "two-speed + first-stage planetary" reduction device 502 and a second-stage planetary gear train added between the "two-speed + first-stage planetary" reduction devices 502. The left side of the second-stage planetary gear train is connected to the first-stage planetary gear train, and the right side of the second-stage planetary gear train is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling 6 to form a "two-speed + second-stage planetary" reduction device 503. The additional second-stage planetary gear train in the "two-speed + second-stage planetary" reduction device 503 includes a second-stage central gear 5-22, a second-stage planetary shaft 5-23, a bearing five 5-24, a second-stage planetary gear set 5-25, a second-stage internal gear ring 5-26, and a second-stage planetary carrier 5-27; the left end of the second-stage central gear 5-22 is meshed with the internal gear on the right side of the first-stage planetary carrier 5-20, the second-stage central gear 5-22 meshes with the second-stage planetary gear set 5-25, and the second-stage planetary gear set 5-25 is rotationally supported on the second-stage planetary carrier 5-27 through the bearing five 5-24 and simultaneously meshes with the second-stage internal gear ring 5-26 machined on the reducer housing 5-3. The inner hole on the right side of the second-stage planetary carrier 5-27 is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling 6.

[0034] The same parts as in the second embodiment are omitted.

[0035] The number of teeth of the second-stage central gear 5-22 of the two-speed + two-stage planetary reduction device 503 is z a3 , and the number of teeth of the second-stage internal gear ring 5-26 is z b3 , the second-stage central gear 5-22 is the input member, and the rotational speed n a3 = n h2 , the second-stage planet carrier 5-27 is the output member, and the rotational speed is When the winch is in the low gear, the rotational speed of the drum 8 When the winch is in the high gear, the rotational speed of the drum 8

[0036] The above-mentioned two-speed reduction gear train, one-stage planetary gear train, and two-stage planetary gear train all adopt oil lubrication.

[0037] The present utility model can be further added with a third-stage planetary gear train or an N-stage planetary gear train, that is, a motor "two-speed + multi-stage planetary" reduction device for an external direct-connected planetary gear train variable-speed mechanism two-speed multi-purpose winch, and the structure is changed according to the actual needs of the winch.

[0038] The left and right in the above are only for clearly expressing the orientation and are not used to limit the present utility model.

Claims

1. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism, comprising a winch base (1), a motor base (2), a motor (3), a high-speed coupling (4), a low-speed coupling (6), a roller support seat (7), a roller (8) and a reduction gear; the motor (3) is fixedly mounted on the motor base (2), the motor base (2) and the reduction gear are fixedly mounted on the winch base (1), and the roller (8) is mounted on the winch base (1) through two groups of roller support seats (7); the output shaft of the motor (3) is connected to the reduction gear through the high-speed coupling (4), and the reduction gear is further connected to the roller (8) through the low-speed coupling (6); characterized in that: The reduction gear comprises a "double-speed" reduction gear (501), a "double-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction gear (502) or a "double-speed + two-stage planetary" reduction gear (503); The "double-speed" reduction gear (501) comprises a left end cover (5-1), a bearing 1 (5-2), a reduction gear housing (5-3), a rotating rod seat (5-4), a rotating rod (5-5), an inner gear ring (5-6) of the housing and a right end cover (5-14), and a double-speed reduction gear train located inside the reduction gear housing (5-3), wherein the double-speed reduction gear train comprises a speed-changing sliding gear (5-7), a bearing 2 (5-8), a speed-changing inner gear ring (5-9), a speed-changing planetary gear set (5-10), a speed-changing planetary carrier (5-11), a speed-changing central wheel shaft (5-12) and a bearing 3 (5-13); the speed-changing central wheel shaft (5-12) is a stepped shaft, the left end of which is a stepped shaft. The high-speed coupling (4) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (3) as a whole, the middle part is sealed by the left end cover (5-1), and is slewingly supported by the reduction device housing (5-3) through the bearing 1 (5-2), and the outer wheel at the right end is meshed with the speed change planetary gear set (5-10); the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is sleeved on the optical axis section in the middle part of the speed change center wheel shaft (5-12), the outer circumference on the left side of the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is provided with a groove, the outer circumference on the right side of the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is provided with external teeth meshing with the speed change inner gear ring (5-9) or the housing inner gear ring (5-6), and the inner hole on the right side of the speed change sliding gear (5-7) has a groove that can be engaged with the speed change center wheel shaft (5-12). 12) an inner gear ring meshing with the gear teeth; the reduction gear housing (5-3) is fixed to the ground, the reduction gear housing (5-3) is fixedly provided with an outer gear ring (5-6), and the left side of the reduction gear housing (5-3) is provided with a through hole for installing a rotating rod seat (5-4); the rotating rod (5-5) adopts a lever structure, the middle fulcrum is hinged with the rotating rod seat (5-4), one end is gap-mounted in the groove on the left side of the speed change sliding gear (5-7), and the other end is located on the outside of the reduction gear housing (5-3), and the rotation limit of the rotating rod (5-5) is position A and B; the left end of the speed change inner gear ring (5-9) is slewing supported with the reduction gear housing (5-3) through a bearing, and the speed change The large inner gear ring on the right side of the speed inner gear ring (5-9) meshes with the speed planetary gear set (5-10), and the small inner gear ring on the left side of the speed inner gear ring (5-9) meshes with the speed sliding gear (5-7); the left end of the speed planetary carrier (5-11) is a plurality of planetary shafts, which are slewingly supported with the speed planetary gear set (5-10) through bearing two (5-8); the right side of the speed planetary carrier (5-11) is an inner hole, which is slewingly supported with the reduction gear housing (5-3) through bearing three (5-13), and is sealed with the reduction gear housing (5-3) through the right end cover (5-14); the inner hole on the right side of the speed planetary carrier (5-11) is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling (6); When the winch is in low gear during operation, the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is moved to position A by the rotating rod (5-5), the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is meshed with the inner gear ring (5-6) of the housing and is disengaged from the speed change central wheel shaft (5-12), and the speed change inner gear ring (5-9) is zero at this time; When the winch is required to be in high gear during operation, the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is moved to position B by the rotating rod (5-5), the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is meshed with the speed change center wheel shaft (5-12) and is disengaged from the inner gear ring (5-6) of the housing, and at this time, the speed change center wheel shaft (5-12), the speed change planetary carrier (5-11) and the speed change inner gear ring (5-9) have the same rotation speed; The "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction gear (502) comprises a "two-speed" reduction gear (501) and a one-stage planetary gear train added after the "two-speed" reduction gear (501), wherein the left side of the one-stage planetary gear train is connected to the speed-changing planet carrier (5-11), and the right side is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling (6), thereby forming a "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction gear (502); The "two-speed + two-stage planetary" reduction gear (503) comprises a "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction gear (502) and a two-stage planetary gear train added between the "two-speed + one-stage planetary" reduction gear (502), wherein the left side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the one-stage planetary gear train, and the right side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling (6), thereby forming the "two-speed + two-stage planetary" reduction gear (503).

2. The dual-speed multi-purpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary planetary gear system added in the "dual-speed + primary planetary" reduction gear (502) comprises a primary center wheel (5-15), a primary planetary shaft (5-16), a bearing four (5-17), a primary planetary gear set (5-18), a primary inner gear ring (5-19), a primary planet carrier (5-20), and an anti-collision plate (5-21); the primary center wheel (5-15) is meshed with the primary planetary gear set (5-18), the primary planetary gear set (5-18) is slewingly supported on the primary planet carrier (5-20) through the bearing four (5-17), and is meshed with the primary inner gear ring (5-19) fixedly connected to the reduction gear housing (5-3), and the inner hole on the right side of the primary planet carrier (5-20) is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling (6).

3. The dual-speed multi-purpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "dual-speed + secondary planetary" reduction gear (503) is added with a secondary planetary gear train, including a secondary center wheel (5-22), a secondary planetary shaft (5-23), a bearing five (5-24), a secondary planetary gear set (5-25), a secondary inner gear ring (5-26) and a secondary planet carrier (5-27); the left end of the secondary center wheel (5-22) is meshed with the internal teeth on the right side of the primary planet carrier (5-20), the secondary center wheel (5-22) is meshed with the secondary planetary gear set (5-25), the secondary planetary gear set (5-25) is slewingly supported on the secondary planet carrier (5-27) through the bearing five (5-24), and is meshed with the secondary inner gear ring (5-26) processed on the reduction gear housing (5-3), and the inner hole on the right side of the secondary planet carrier (5-27) is connected to the shaft on the left side of the low-speed coupling (6).

4. The dual-speed multi-purpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the "two-speed" reduction gear (501), the number of teeth on the speed change center wheel shaft (5-12) is z a1 , the number of teeth of the gear ring (5-9) is z b1 The speed change center wheel shaft (5-12) is the input component with a speed of n a1 The planet carrier (5-11) is the output component with a speed of n h1 , the speed of the roller (8) is n; the speed change sliding gear (5-7) and the speed change inner gear ring (5-9) are always meshed, and the switching between position A and position B is achieved by toggling the rotating rod (5-5). When the rotating rod (5-5) is in position A, the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is meshed with the outer shell inner gear ring (5-6) and is disengaged from the speed change central wheel shaft (5-12), and the speed of the speed change inner gear ring (5-9) is n. b1 = 0, the winch is in low gear, and the speed of the drum (8) When in position B, the speed change sliding gear (5-7) is meshed with the speed change center wheel shaft (5-12) and is disengaged from the housing inner gear ring (5-6). The speed change center wheel shaft (5-12) and the speed change inner gear ring (5-9) have the same rotation speed, that is, n a1 =n b1 At this time, the winch is in high gear, and the speed of the drum (8) is n = n h1 =n a1 .

5. A two-speed multipurpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the first-stage planetary gear train of the "two-speed + first-stage planetary" reduction device (502), the number of teeth of the first-stage center wheel (5-15) is z a2 , the number of teeth of the first-stage internal gear ring (5-19) is z b2 ; The first-stage center wheel (5-15) is the input component, and the speed n a2 =n h1 , the first-stage planet carrier (5-20) is the output component, the speed When the winch is in low gear, the speed of the drum (8) When the winch is in high gear, the speed of the drum (8) 6. A two-speed multipurpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In the secondary planetary gear train of the dual-speed + secondary planetary reduction device (503), the number of teeth of the secondary center wheel (5-22) is z a3 , the number of teeth of the secondary internal gear ring (5-26) is z b3 The secondary center wheel (5-22) is the input component, and the speed is n a3 =n h2 The secondary planet carrier (5-27) is the output component, and its speed is When the winch is in low gear, the speed of the drum (8) When the winch is in high gear, the speed of the drum (8) 7. The dual-speed multi-purpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-speed reduction gear train, the primary planetary gear train and the secondary planetary gear train are all lubricated with oil.

8. The dual-speed multi-purpose winch with an external direct-connected planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating rod (5-5) and the hole of the rotating rod seat (5-4) are movably matched, and a sealing ring is provided at the matching position.

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