Artificial wetland structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a constructed wetland structure which comprises a supporting layer, a filler layer and a planting original soil layer, the filler layer is arranged on the supporting layer, and the planting original soil layer is arranged on the filler layer; the supporting layer, the filler layer and the planting original soil layer are obliquely arranged, the included angle between the supporting layer, the filler layer and the planting original soil layer and the horizontal plane is 10-15 degrees, and low points are adjacent to a water body; one surface, far away from the filler layer, of the planting original soil layer corresponds to a normal water level and a high water level of a water body, and the high water level is lower than a high point of the planting original soil layer; the low point of the junction of the filler layer and the planting original soil layer corresponds to the low water level of the water body, and the filler layer is used for structure supporting and water body filtering. The supporting layer, the filler layer and the planting original soil layer are obliquely arranged, and the low point end is arranged corresponding to the water level of the water body, so that sewage can be filtered through the planting original soil layer so as to avoid pollution to the water body, and meanwhile, the filler layer can ensure the overall stability of the wetland structure and filter seepage water, so that the restoration of the ecological environment is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, in particular to an artificial wetland structure. Background Art

[0002] Rural water source pollution refers to the pollution caused by dissolved or solid pollutants, such as soil particles, nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticides, heavy metals in farmland, organic or inorganic substances such as rural livestock manure and domestic garbage, from non-specific areas, under the action of precipitation and runoff scouring, through farmland surface runoff, farmland drainage and underground seepage, so that a large number of pollutants enter the receiving water bodies (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, bays).

[0003] Currently, the control of water source pollution mainly adopts artificial wetlands or stabilization ponds for treatment. Among them, artificial wetlands have been widely promoted in recent years because of their low construction cost and maintenance cost, and are mostly used for the treatment of domestic sewage tail water, rural water source interception, etc.; the stabilization pond technology is a technology that has been applied for a long time and widely in rural pollution control; however, whether it is an artificial wetland or a stabilization pond, more artificial strengthening technical means are adopted in the design process, and there are disadvantages of difficult maintenance in the suburbs and rural areas of cities.

[0004] The utility model patent with the authorized announcement number of CN213924219U discloses an artificial wetland filler structure for reducing COD, which successively includes a water storage base layer, a first brick recycled aggregate layer, and a second brick recycled aggregate layer from bottom to top. The sum of the thicknesses of the first brick recycled aggregate layer and the second brick recycled aggregate layer is not less than 1000 mm, and the thickness ratio of the first brick recycled aggregate layer to the second brick recycled aggregate layer is 0.5 - 1.5; the first brick recycled aggregate layer is made of construction waste bricks processed and crushed, and after being cleaned and not subjected to bacteria attachment treatment, its particle size is 8 - 16 mm; the second brick recycled aggregate layer is made of construction waste bricks processed and crushed, and after being cleaned and subjected to bacteria attachment treatment, its particle size is 16 - 32 mm.

[0005] As the above technical solution, the structural functions of traditional wetland ecosystems in sewage treatment are mostly artificially constructed, and when treating pollution, they are used as the backend process of the entire treatment system to treat tail water. In the application process of traditional artificial wetlands, foreign countries mainly research wetland treatment technologies from aspects such as wetland plant configuration and wetland configuration, and domestic countries mainly research wetland treatment technologies in the configuration of artificial wetlands, artificial wetland fillers, wetland landscape construction, etc. However, the above existing technologies all start from the perspective of conventional water quality purification and do not consider the overall restoration of wetland ecosystems. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] In view of this, the present utility model proposes an artificial wetland structure with a reasonable layout, which is conducive to maintaining and restoring the ecology, so as to solve the problem that the existing artificial wetlands are not arranged in combination with the ecological environment, affecting ecological restoration.

[0007] The technical solution of the present utility model is realized as follows: The present utility model provides an artificial wetland structure, including a support layer, a filler layer and a planting original soil layer. Among them,

[0008] The filler layer is arranged on the support layer, and the planting original soil layer is arranged on the filler layer;

[0009] The support layer, the filler layer and the planting original soil layer are inclined, and the included angle between the support layer, the filler layer and the planting original soil layer and the horizontal plane is 10-15°, and the low point is adjacent to the water body;

[0010] One side of the planting original soil layer far from the filler layer corresponds to the normal water level and the high water level of the water body, and the high water level is lower than the high point of the planting original soil layer;

[0011] The low point at the junction of the filler layer and the planting original soil layer corresponds to the low water level of the water body, and the filler layer is used for structural support and water body filtration.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the riverbed of the water body is connected to the top surface of the planting original soil layer and forms a smooth slope.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the support layer is a pebble structure.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, it further includes an original soil compaction layer, and the original soil compaction layer is located on the side of the support layer far from the filler layer.

[0015] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, it further includes a geotextile layer, and the geotextile layer is laid between the filler layer and the planting original soil layer.

[0016] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, it further includes an ecological storage pool, and the ecological storage pool is arranged on one side of the water body, and the setting position of the ecological storage pool is higher than the planting original soil layer.

[0017] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, it further includes a water retaining dam, and the water retaining dam is arranged on the side of the ecological storage pool close to the planting original soil layer.

[0018] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, emergent plants are planted on the planting original soil layer, and submerged plants are planted in the ecological storage pool.

[0019] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, submerged plants and emergent plants are planted on the riverbed of the water body, the emergent plants are planted near the planting original soil layer, and the rooting depth of the emergent plants is greater than the thickness of the planting original soil layer.

[0020] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the end face of the filler layer close to the water body straddles the lowest point of the riverbed across the water body.

[0021] The artificial wetland structure of the present utility model has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] (1) By arranging the support layer, the filler layer and the original planting soil layer obliquely, and the low point end is arranged corresponding to the water level of the water body, so that the sewage can be filtered by the original planting soil layer to avoid polluting the water body. At the same time, the filler layer can ensure the overall stability of the wetland structure and filter the seepage water, which is beneficial to the restoration of the ecological environment;

[0023] (2) By arranging a geotextile layer between the filler layer and the original planting soil layer, it can prevent the planting soil from seeping into the filler layer, which not only ensures the growth environment of the green plants, but also avoids affecting the filtering effect of the filler layer;

[0024] (3) The end face of the filler layer close to the water body straddles the lowest point of the riverbed of the water body. In this way, a part of the filler layer corresponds to the riverbed under the water body, which forms a good support and can prevent the wetland structure from landsliding into the water body, further improving the stability of the structure. Description of the Drawings

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a sectional view of the artificial wetland structure of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a top view of the artificial wetland structure of the present utility model;

[0028] In the figure: 1, support layer; 2, filler layer; 3, original planting soil layer; 4, original soil compaction layer; 5, geotextile layer; 6, ecological storage pool; 7, water retaining dam; 100, water body; 101, normal water level; 102, flood water level; 103, low water level. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] Next, in combination with the embodiments of the present utility model, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] As Figures 1 - 2 shown, the artificial wetland structure of the present utility model includes a support layer 1, a filler layer 2, a planting original soil layer 3, an original soil compaction layer 4, a geotextile layer 5, an ecological storage pool 6, and a water retaining dam 7.

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, the filler layer 2 is arranged on the support layer 1, and the planting original soil layer 3 is arranged on the filler layer 2; the support layer 1, the filler layer 2, and the planting original soil layer 3 are inclined, and the included angle between the support layer 1, the filler layer 2, and the planting original soil layer 3 and the horizontal plane is 10-15°, and the low point is adjacent to the water body 100; on the side of the planting original soil layer 3 away from the filler layer 2, it corresponds to the normal water level 101 and the high water level 102 of the water body 100, and the high water level 102 is lower than the high point of the planting original soil layer 3; the low point at the junction of the filler layer 2 and the planting original soil layer 3 corresponds to the low water level 103 of the water body 100, and the filler layer 2 is used for structural support and water body filtration;

[0032] In the above structure, when constructing the wetland, the support layer 1 is used for the support of the wetland structure. Specifically, the support layer 1 is a pebble structure, so it can achieve the support function and the seepage filtration function;

[0033] When setting the above multi-layer structure, the included angle with the horizontal plane is controlled between 10-15°. This can ensure the confluence of rainwater, and at the same time, it is not easy to have the risk of landslide, which is beneficial to ensuring the structural stability;

[0034] The filler layer 2 and the planting original soil layer 3 are successively arranged on the support layer 1;

[0035] Among them, the filler layer 2 uses composite fillers, such as various stone aggregates. First, it supports the wetland structure. Second, because it is adjacent to the water body 100, it can filter the seepage water to improve the water quality and promote ecological restoration;

[0036] Among them, the planting original soil layer 3 is used for planting green plants. When rainwater converges and enters the water body 100, it will first pass through the green plants on the planting original soil layer 3 for filtration to protect the ecological environment;

[0037] Specifically, the top surface of the planting original soil layer 3 should span the normal water level 101 and the high water level 102 of the water body, so that when the water in the water body 100 is less or more, the green plants can filter the water to promote ecological restoration;

[0038] In this structure, the low point at the junction of the filler layer 2 and the original planting soil layer 3 corresponds to the low water level 103 of the water body 100; in this way, it facilitates the construction of the wetland. At the same time, when the water in the water body 100 is less, it is impossible to rely on the water body 100 to exert pressure on the side of the riverbed and the original planting soil layer 3, and the filler layer 2 plays a supporting role at this time to ensure the stability of the original planting soil layer 3.

[0039] Specifically, the end face of the filler layer 2 close to the water body 100 crosses the lowest point of the riverbed of the water body 100. In this way, a part of the filler layer 2 corresponds to the riverbed under the water body 100, which forms good support and can prevent the wetland structure from landsliding into the water body 100, further improving the stability of the structure.

[0040] Specifically, the riverbed of the water body 100 is connected to the top surface of the original planting soil layer 3 and forms a smooth slope, which can further ensure the stability of the connection between the wetland structure and the riverbed and is conducive to building an integrated ecosystem.

[0041] Furthermore, the riverbed of the water body 100 is planted with submerged plants and emergent plants. The emergent plants are planted near the original planting soil layer 3, and the rooting depth of the emergent plants is greater than the thickness of the original planting soil layer 3;

[0042] In such a scheme, the stability of the riverbed adjacent to the original planting soil layer 3 can be further ensured. Submerged plants can be planted at the position close to the center of the water body to purify the water quality;

[0043] When selecting plants, select the native plant types in the location of the water body 100 to avoid the risk of species invasion. The plants can be planted below the normal water level 101.

[0044] Such as Figure 1 As shown, the original soil compaction layer 4 is located on the side of the support layer 1 away from the filler layer 2; the original soil compaction layer 4 is the bottommost foundation, so that the support layer 1 has stable support to ensure the stability of the foundation;

[0045] The geotextile layer 5 is laid between the filler layer 2 and the original planting soil layer 3;

[0046] In this way, by setting the geotextile layer 5, it can prevent the planting soil from infiltrating into the filler layer 2, which not only ensures the growth environment of the green plants, but also avoids affecting the filtering effect of the filler layer 2.

[0047] Such as Figure 2 As shown, the ecological storage pool 6 is arranged on one side of the water body 100, and the setting position of the ecological storage pool 6 is higher than the original planting soil layer 3;

[0048] In the above structure, after the sewage converges, it enters the ecological storage pond 6 through the diversion ditch. Part of the pollutants are removed under the action of the aquatic plants in the ecological storage pond 6, and then it flows to the downstream wetland system, that is, this wetland structure; then it is adsorbed by the wetland, and through the purification of aquatic plants and aquatic animals, the pollutants in the sewage are removed to achieve the purpose of meeting the water quality standard.

[0049] Specifically, emergent plants are planted on the planting original soil layer 3, and submerged plants are planted in the ecological storage pond 6; in the water body 100, an appropriate amount of snails, mussels, filter-feeding fish, etc. are stocked to ensure that the constructed artificial wetland can achieve a stable ecological system.

[0050] As Figure 2 shown, the water retaining dam 7 is arranged on one side of the ecological storage pond 6 close to the planting original soil layer 3;

[0051] In the above structure, the water retaining dam 7 is used to prevent sewage from directly entering the wetland system. In this way, the water in the ecological storage pond 6 overflows into the wetland system through the water retaining dam 7, leaving time for the pretreatment of sewage.

[0052] This wetland structure consists of a substrate layer composed of a support layer 1, a filler layer 2, a planting original soil layer 3, an original soil compaction layer 4 and a geotextile layer 5, which not only has the function of stable structure of a near-natural wetland, but also has the function of adsorption and filtration;

[0053] Specifically, microbial communities are added to the filler layer 2 to play a degradation role, which can effectively reduce nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water and reduce the degree of water pollution.

[0054] This wetland structure combined with the ecological storage pond 6 can stably treat sewage, is not affected by the water quality and water volume fluctuations of the incoming water, and has a stable water treatment effect. Specific implementation method:

[0056] First, on the shore of the natural water body 100, a substrate layer composed of a support layer 1, a filler layer 2, a planting original soil layer 3, an original soil compaction layer 4 and a geotextile layer 5 is set up, and various plants are planted. At the same time, organisms such as snails, mussels, and various fish are put into the water body 100. Then, an ecological storage pond 6 and a water retaining dam 7 are built at the high point, and plants are planted in the ecological storage pond 6;

[0057] When filtering, the water flows into the ecological storage pond 6 for confluence and preliminary filtration treatment. Then, it overflows into the wetland system through the water retaining dam 7, and through the substrate layer and various animals and plants, the adsorption and filtration treatment of the water body is completed to protect the ecological environment or repair the damaged ecological environment.

[0058] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An artificial wetland structure, characterized in that: It comprises a support layer (1), a filler layer (2) and a planting soil layer (3), wherein: The filler layer (2) is arranged on the support layer (1), and the planting original soil layer (3) is arranged on the filler layer (2); The support layer (1), the filler layer (2) and the original soil layer (3) for planting are arranged at an angle, and the angle between the support layer (1), the filler layer (2) and the original soil layer (3) for planting and the horizontal plane is 10 to 15 degrees, and the low point is adjacent to the water body (100); A side of the original soil layer (3) for planting away from the filler layer (2) corresponds to a normal water level (101) and a flood level (102) of the water body (100), and the flood level (102) is lower than the highest point of the original soil layer (3); The low point at the junction of the filler layer (2) and the planting original soil layer (3) corresponds to the low water level (103) of the water body (100), and the filler layer (2) is used for structural support and water filtering.

2. The artificial wetland structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The riverbed of the water body (100) is connected to the top surface of the original planting soil layer (3) to form a smooth slope.

3. The artificial wetland structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting layer (1) is a pebble structure.

4. The artificial wetland structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also comprises a rammed original soil layer (4), wherein the rammed original soil layer (4) is located on a side of the support layer (1) away from the filler layer (2).

5. The artificial wetland structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a geotextile layer (5), wherein the geotextile layer (5) is laid between the filler layer (2) and the planting original soil layer (3).

6. The artificial wetland structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an ecological storage pool (6), which is arranged on one side of the water body (100), and the setting position of the ecological storage pool (6) is higher than the original planting soil layer (3).

7. The artificial wetland structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a water retaining dam (7), which is arranged on one side of the ecological storage pool (6) close to the original planting soil layer (3).

8. The artificial wetland structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: Emergent plants are planted on the original planting soil layer (3), and submerged plants are planted in the ecological storage pool (6).

9. The artificial wetland structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The riverbed of the water body (100) is planted with submerged plants and emergent plants, wherein the emergent plants are planted near the original soil layer (3) for planting, and the rooting depth of the emergent plants is greater than the thickness of the original soil layer (3) for planting.

10. The artificial wetland structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The filler layer (2) is close to the end surface of the water body (100) and spans the lowest point of the riverbed of the water body (100).

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