Passive piston phase modulation type GM pulse tube refrigerator
By using a passive piston phase adjustment mechanism in the GM vascular refrigerator, the phase angle of the mass flow and pressure wave at the hot end of the vascular refrigerator is adjusted, and the passive phase adjustment and acoustic power recovery is achieved, which solves the problem of low efficiency of traditional vascular refrigerators and improves the refrigeration efficiency and reliability of the entire machine.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421990145.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-15
AI Technical Summary
Traditional GM vascular refrigerators are inefficient and cannot meet the current engineering needs, especially because the heat-end sound power cannot be recycled, resulting in waste heat dissipation, resulting in low refrigeration efficiency.
The passive piston phase adjustment type GM vascular refrigerator is adopted. The passive phase adjustment mechanism uses the phase adjustment piston to reciprocate under the alternating airflow at the hot end of the vessel to adjust the phase angle between the mass flow and the pressure wave at the hot end of the vessel to achieve passive phase adjustment, thereby recovering the sound power and improving the efficiency of the whole machine.
Through the use of passive phase adjustment mechanism, the refrigeration efficiency of the vascular hot end is achieved, and the problem of low efficiency of traditional vascular refrigeration machines is solved, and high reliability and high refrigeration efficiency are achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222938044U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of refrigerators, and particularly relates to a passive piston phase modulation type GM pulse tube refrigerator. Background Technique
[0002] With the rapid development of modern science and technology such as aerospace, quantum computing, and infrared detection technology, it has also promoted the progress and development of cryogenic refrigeration technology. The pre-cooling systems of quantum computing and quantum communication require cryogenic refrigerators with long life and low vibration interference, mainly GM pulse tube refrigerators. According to different cooling capacities and temperature ranges, there are different refrigerator models such as single-stage and multi-stage. Pulse tube refrigerators have a simple structure, and the cold finger assembly has no moving parts, with inherent advantages such as high reliability, long life, and low vibration interference. However, traditional pulse tube refrigerators have problems such as low efficiency and cannot meet the current engineering requirements.
[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of low efficiency of pulse tube refrigerators. The efficiency of traditional pulse tube refrigerators is lower than that of Stirling refrigerators. The reason is that the acoustic power at the hot end cannot be recovered like that of Stirling refrigerators through a moving displacer or piston, but is dissipated in the form of waste heat at phase modulation mechanisms such as the inertia tube and the bi-directional intake pipe. Utilizing the work recovery technology path can improve the refrigeration efficiency and make up for the disadvantage of low pulse tube refrigeration efficiency.
[0004] The existing phase modulation mechanisms of GM pulse tube refrigerators are mostly bi-directional intake type or small hole phase modulation type and the combined phase modulation method of the two, which is easy to form a circulation between the pulse tube and the regenerator, causing instability of the refrigeration temperature, that is, the "direct current" phenomenon. In addition, since the acoustic power at the hot end is dissipated in the form of waste heat at phase modulation mechanisms such as the bi-directional intake pipe or small holes, the efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator is low. Based on this, the present application proposes a passive piston phase modulation type GM pulse tube refrigerator to solve the above deficiencies. Content of the Utility Model
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: how to provide a passive piston phase modulation type GM pulse tube refrigerator to improve the refrigeration efficiency of the pulse tube.
[0006] To solve the above technical problem, the utility model provides the following technical solution:
[0007] A passive piston phase modulation type GM pulse tube refrigerator includes a passive phase modulation mechanism, a compressor, a cold finger assembly, and a phase modulation connecting pipe. The passive phase modulation mechanism is connected to the cold finger assembly through the phase modulation connecting pipe, and the cold finger assembly is connected to the compressor through a helium pipe, and a rotary valve is further provided on the helium pipe;
[0008] The passive phase modulation mechanism includes a cylinder, a column spring, a spring seat, and a phase modulation piston located inside the cylinder. The phase modulation piston is connected to one side of the column spring, and the other side of the column spring is connected to the spring seat. The phase modulation piston can reciprocate under the action of the alternating gas flow in the cold finger assembly. By adjusting the stiffness of the column spring and the mass of the phase modulation piston, the stroke of the phase modulation piston is controlled.
[0009] In this application, the phase modulation piston reciprocates under the action of the alternating gas flow at the hot end of the pulse tube. By adjusting parameters such as the spring stiffness, the mass, and the diameter of the phase modulation piston, the stroke of the phase modulation piston is controlled to achieve passive phase modulation. Thus, the mass flow rate and the phase angle of the pressure wave at the hot end of the pulse tube are adjusted. By comparison, the optimal phase angle between the mass flow rate and the pressure wave at the hot end of the pulse tube is obtained, realizing the best passive phase modulation function and the high efficiency of the whole machine. By adopting the passive phase modulation mechanism, the acoustic power at the hot end of the pulse tube can be recovered while performing passive phase modulation, further improving the efficiency of the whole machine, so as to realize a GM pulse tube refrigerator with high reliability and high refrigeration efficiency.
[0010] As a further solution of the present utility model: The phase modulation piston can be supported by a radial air bearing while being supported by the column spring, or can be supported by a leaf spring.
[0011] As a further solution of the present utility model: The passive phase modulation mechanism is a double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism, or a single-piston passive phase modulation mechanism can also be selected.
[0012] As a further solution of the present utility model: The cold finger assembly adopts a first-stage cold finger assembly. The first-stage cold finger assembly includes a first-stage regenerator hot end heat exchanger, a first-stage regenerator, a first-stage regenerator cold end heat exchanger, a first-stage connecting pipe, a first-stage pulse tube cold end heat exchanger, a first-stage pulse tube, and a first-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger connected in sequence. The first-stage regenerator hot end heat exchanger is connected to the first-stage helium pipe, and the first-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger is connected to the phase modulation connecting pipe.
[0013] As a further solution of the present utility model: The first-stage regenerator is filled with a regenerative material.
[0014] As a further solution of the present utility model: The cold finger assembly uses the first-stage cold finger assembly and the second-stage cold finger assembly simultaneously. The compressor can be connected to the inside of the first-stage cold finger assembly and the second-stage cold finger assembly respectively through the first-stage helium pipe and the second-stage helium pipe. Both the first-stage cold finger assembly and the second-stage cold finger assembly are connected to the corresponding passive phase modulation mechanism through the phase modulation connecting pipe.
[0015] As a further solution of the utility model: The secondary cold finger assembly includes a secondary regenerator hot end heat exchanger, a secondary first-stage regenerator, a precooling heat exchanger, a secondary second-stage regenerator, a secondary regenerator cold end heat exchanger, a secondary connecting pipe, a secondary pulse tube cold end heat exchanger, a secondary pulse tube, and a secondary pulse tube hot end heat exchanger, which are connected in sequence. The secondary regenerator hot end heat exchanger is connected to the secondary helium pipe, and the secondary pulse tube hot end heat exchanger is connected to the tuning connecting pipe.
[0016] As a further solution of the utility model: The precooling heat exchanger is connected to the primary regenerator cold end heat exchanger in the primary cold finger assembly, and the secondary pulse tube hot end heat exchanger is connected to the primary pulse tube cold end heat exchanger in the primary cold finger assembly.
[0017] As a further solution of the utility model: One set of the passive phase modulation mechanisms is placed on both sides of the other set of passive phase modulation mechanisms. Here, a double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism and two single-piston passive phase modulation mechanisms are selected for the two sets of passive phase modulation mechanisms.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
[0019] First of all, the phase modulation piston in the present application makes a reciprocating motion under the action of the alternating air flow at the hot end of the pulse tube. By adjusting parameters such as the spring stiffness, the mass and diameter of the phase modulation piston, the stroke of the phase modulation piston is controlled to achieve passive phase modulation, thereby adjusting the mass flow and pressure wave phase angle at the hot end of the pulse tube. By comparison, the optimal phase angle between the mass flow and pressure wave at the hot end of the pulse tube is obtained, realizing the best passive phase modulation function and the high efficiency of the whole machine, and solving the problems of insufficient phase modulation ability, complex structure and low efficiency of traditional two-way air intake, small hole air reservoir, etc.; By adopting the passive phase modulation mechanism, the acoustic power at the hot end of the pulse tube can be recovered while realizing passive phase modulation, further improving the efficiency of the whole machine, so as to realize a GM pulse tube refrigerator with high reliability and high refrigeration efficiency;
[0020] Secondly, the phase modulation piston in the present application can be supported by a column spring and at the same time by a radial air bearing, or can adopt a leaf spring support method; The passive phase modulation mechanism can remove one side structure to form a single-piston passive phase modulation mechanism, thereby improving the flexibility of the present application. Description of the Drawings
[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a double-piston opposed passive piston phase modulation type GM pulse tube refrigerator according to an embodiment of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism according to an embodiment of the utility model;
[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a double-piston opposed passive phase modulation type two-stage GM pulse tube refrigerator according to Embodiment 3 of the utility model;
[0024] Figure 4 This is another layout schematic diagram of the dual-piston opposed passive phase modulation type two-stage GM pulse tube refrigerator in Embodiment 4 of the present utility model;
[0025] Explanation of reference numerals:
[0026] 3. Passive phase modulation mechanism; 31. Phase modulation piston; 32. Column spring; 33. Spring seat; 34. Cylinder;
[0027] 4. First-stage cold finger assembly; 41. First-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger; 42. First-stage regenerator; 43. First-stage regenerator cold-end heat exchanger; 44. First-stage connecting pipe; 45. First-stage pulse tube cold-end heat exchanger; 46. First-stage pulse tube; 47. First-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger;
[0028] 5. Second-stage cold finger assembly; 51. Second-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger; 52. First section of the second-stage regenerator; 53. Pre-cooling heat exchanger; 54. Second section of the second-stage regenerator; 55. Second-stage regenerator cold-end heat exchanger; 56. Second-stage connecting pipe; 57. Second-stage pulse tube cold-end heat exchanger; 58. Second-stage pulse tube; 59. Second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger;
[0029] 6. Compressor; 61. First-stage helium pipe; 62. Rotary valve; 63. Second-stage helium pipe;
[0030] 10. First-stage phase modulation connecting pipe;
[0031] 70. Second-stage phase modulation connecting pipe. Detailed implementation manners
[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present utility model. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, rather than all, of the embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0033] Embodiment 1
[0034] Referring to Figure 1 , a passive piston phase modulation type GM pulse tube refrigerator includes a passive phase modulation mechanism 3, a first-stage cold finger assembly 4, a compressor 6, a first-stage helium pipe 61, a rotary valve 62, and a first-stage phase modulation connecting pipe 10. Among them, the compressor 6 is connected to the first-stage cold finger assembly 4 through the first-stage helium pipe 61. A rotary valve 62 is provided on the first-stage helium pipe 61. The other end of the first-stage cold finger assembly 4 is connected to the passive phase modulation mechanism 3 through the first-stage phase modulation connecting pipe 10. The compressor 6 supplies gas and inputs work to the first-stage cold finger assembly 4.
[0035] Referring toFigure 1 and Figure 2 The passive phase modulation mechanism 3 is a double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism. The passive phase modulation mechanism 3 includes a phase modulation piston 31, a column spring 32, a spring seat 33, and a cylinder 34. The phase modulation piston 31 is connected to one side of the column spring 32, and the other side of the column spring 32 is connected to the spring seat 33. The phase modulation piston 31 can reciprocate under the action of the alternating air flow in the cold finger assembly. By adjusting the stiffness of the column spring 32 and the mass of the phase modulation piston 31, the stroke of the phase modulation piston 31 is controlled. The phase modulation piston 31 reciprocates under the action of the alternating air flow at the pulse tube hot end of the first-stage cold finger assembly 4. By adjusting the stiffness of the column spring 32 and the mass of the phase modulation piston 31, the stroke of the phase modulation piston is controlled, thereby adjusting the mass flow and pressure wave phase angle at the pulse tube hot end of the first-stage cold finger assembly 4. By comparing, the optimal phase angle between the mass flow and the pressure wave at the pulse tube hot end is obtained, and the optimal passive phase modulation function is realized.
[0036] It should be noted that the phase modulation piston 31 can be supported by a radial air bearing while being supported by the column spring 32, or can also adopt a leaf spring support method.
[0037] Referring to Figure 1 The first-stage cold finger assembly 4 is composed of a first-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger 41, a first-stage regenerator 42, a first-stage regenerator cold-end heat exchanger 43, a first-stage connecting pipe 44, a first-stage pulse tube cold-end heat exchanger 45, a first-stage pulse tube 46, and a first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger 47 connected in sequence. The first-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger 41 is connected to the first-stage helium pipe 61, and the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger 47 is connected to the first-stage adjusting connecting pipe 10. The gas reciprocates between the components. The first-stage regenerator 42 is filled with a regenerative material. According to different refrigeration temperature ranges, regenerative materials such as stainless steel wire mesh, HoCu2, and Er3Ni are selected for filling. The gas expands and does work to refrigerate in the first-stage pulse tube 46.
[0038] The compressor 6 supplies gas and input work to the first-stage cold finger assembly 4. The input work forms high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which is then cooled by the first-stage regenerator 42 in the first-stage cold finger assembly 4, expands and absorbs heat at the first-stage regenerator cold-end heat exchanger 43, and absorbs external heat to achieve the refrigeration effect.
[0039] Embodiment 2
[0040] Others are the same as Embodiment 1, except that: one side structure of the double-piston opposed passive phase modulation structure in Embodiment 1 can be removed to form a single-piston passive phase modulation mechanism (not shown in the figure);
[0041] It should be noted that the working principle of the double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism is the same as that of the single-piston passive phase modulation mechanism. The difference is that the double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism can drive two groups of phase modulation pistons to work simultaneously; the phase modulation piston 31 reciprocates under the action of the alternating gas flow of the first-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger 47 of the first-stage cold finger assembly 4. By adjusting the stiffness of the column spring 32 and the mass of the phase modulation piston 31, the stroke of the phase modulation piston 31 is controlled, thereby adjusting the mass flow and pressure wave phase angle at the hot end of the pulse tube of the first-stage cold finger assembly 4; by comparing, the optimal phase angle between the mass flow and the pressure wave at the hot end of the pulse tube is obtained, and the optimal passive phase modulation function is realized.
[0042] Embodiment 3
[0043] Refer to Figure 3 , this example is a passive phase modulation type two-stage GM pulse tube refrigerator, that is, on the basis of Embodiment 1, two sets of double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanisms are provided, and a second-stage cold finger assembly 5 is added;
[0044] The passive phase modulation type two-stage GM pulse tube refrigerator includes a compressor 6, a rotary valve 62, a first-stage helium tube 61, a second-stage helium tube 63, a first-stage cold finger assembly 4, a second-stage cold finger assembly 5, and two sets of double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanisms 3. The structure of the first-stage cold finger assembly 4 is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment; the second-stage cold finger assembly 5 includes a second-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger 51, a second-stage first-stage regenerator 52, a precooling heat exchanger 53, a second-stage second-stage regenerator 54, a second-stage regenerator cold-end heat exchanger 55, a second-stage connecting pipe 56, a second-stage pulse tube cold-end heat exchanger 57, a second-stage pulse tube 58, and a second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger 59. The second-stage regenerator hot-end heat exchanger 51 is connected to the second-stage helium tube 63, and the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger 59 is connected to the second-stage phase modulation connecting pipe 70. It should be noted that the precooling heat exchanger 53 is connected to the first-stage regenerator cold-end heat exchanger 43, and the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger 59 is connected to the first-stage pulse tube cold-end heat exchanger 45 for precooling to make the second-stage refrigeration temperature lower.
[0045] Refer to Figure 3 , the first-stage cold finger assembly 4 is connected to one set of double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanisms 3 through a first-stage phase modulation connecting pipe 10, and the other set of double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanisms 3 is connected to the second-stage cold finger assembly 5 through a second-stage phase modulation connecting pipe 70. And the double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism 3 connected to the second-stage phase modulation connecting pipe 70 has a small gas volume, and the required size of the phase modulation mechanism is reduced compared with the size of the other set of double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanisms 3. By adjusting the stiffness of the column spring 32 and the mass of the phase modulation piston 31, the optimal phase angle between the mass flow and the pressure wave at the hot end of the first-stage pulse tube is obtained, and the optimal passive phase modulation function of the first stage is realized.
[0046] Another group of double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanisms 3 and the secondary cold finger assembly 5 are connected through the secondary phase modulation connecting pipe 70. By adjusting the mass of the other group of phase modulation pistons 31 and the stiffness of the other group of column springs 32, the optimal phase angle between the mass flow at the hot end of the secondary pulse tube and the pressure wave is obtained, realizing the optimal secondary passive phase modulation function. Both groups of passive piston phase modulation mechanisms 3 can be changed from the opposed structure to single-piston phase modulation, that is, the single-piston phase modulation described in Embodiment 2. The phase modulation pistons 31 can all be supported by springs (leaf springs or column springs), and while being supported by the column springs 32, they are also supported by radial air bearings.
[0047] Embodiment 4
[0048] Refer to Figure 4 , which is different from Embodiment 3 in that one of the two groups of passive phase modulation mechanisms 3 is placed on both sides of the other group of passive phase modulation mechanisms 3. Here, one double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism and two single-piston passive phase modulation mechanisms are selected for the two groups of passive phase modulation mechanisms 3, and the two single-piston passive phase modulation mechanisms are located on both sides of the double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism.
[0049] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator, characterized in that: It comprises a passive phase adjustment mechanism (3), a compressor (6), a cold finger assembly and a phase adjustment connecting pipe, wherein the passive phase adjustment mechanism (3) is connected to the cold finger assembly via the phase adjustment connecting pipe, and the cold finger assembly is connected to the compressor (6) via a helium pipe, wherein a rotary valve (62) is also provided on the helium pipe; The passive phase adjustment mechanism (3) comprises a cylinder (34), a column spring (32), a spring seat (33), and a phase adjustment piston (31) located in the cylinder (34); the phase adjustment piston (31) is connected to one side of the column spring (32), and the other side of the column spring (32) is connected to the spring seat (33); the phase adjustment piston (31) can reciprocate under the action of an alternating airflow in a cold finger assembly; and the stroke of the phase adjustment piston (31) is controlled by adjusting the stiffness of the column spring (32) and the mass of the phase adjustment piston (31).
2. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase adjustment piston (31) can be supported by a column spring (32) and a radial air bearing, or can be supported by a leaf spring.
3. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive phase adjustment mechanism (3) is a double-piston opposed passive phase adjustment mechanism, or a single-piston passive phase adjustment mechanism.
4. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold finger assembly adopts a first-level cold finger assembly (4), and the first-level cold finger assembly (4) includes a first-level regenerator hot-end heat exchanger (41), a first-level regenerator (42), a first-level regenerator cold-end heat exchanger (43), a first-level connecting pipe (44), a first-level pulse tube cold-end heat exchanger (45), a first-level pulse tube (46) and a first-level pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger (47) which are connected in sequence. The first-level regenerator hot-end heat exchanger (41) is connected to a first-level helium tube (61), and the first-level pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger (47) is connected to a conditioning connecting pipe.
5. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first-stage heat regenerator (42) is filled with cold storage material.
6. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold finger assembly adopts a primary cold finger assembly (4) and a secondary cold finger assembly (5) for simultaneous use; the compressor (6) can be connected to the primary cold finger assembly (4) and the secondary cold finger assembly (5) respectively through a primary helium tube (61) and a secondary helium tube (63); the primary cold finger assembly (4) and the secondary cold finger assembly (5) are both connected to corresponding passive phase modulation mechanisms (3) through phase modulation connecting pipes.
7. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The secondary cold finger assembly (5) comprises a secondary regenerator hot end heat exchanger (51), a secondary first stage regenerator (52), a precooling heat exchanger (53), a secondary second stage regenerator (54), a secondary regenerator cold end heat exchanger (55), a secondary connecting pipe (56), a secondary pulse tube cold end heat exchanger (57), a secondary pulse tube (58) and a secondary pulse tube hot end heat exchanger (59) which are connected in sequence. The secondary regenerator hot end heat exchanger (51) is connected to a secondary helium tube (63), and the secondary pulse tube hot end heat exchanger (59) is connected to a conditioning connecting pipe.
8. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The precooling heat exchanger (53) is connected to the first-stage regenerator cold end heat exchanger (43) in the first-stage cold finger assembly (4), and the second-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger (59) is connected to the first-stage pulse tube cold end heat exchanger (45) in the first-stage cold finger assembly (4).
9. The passive piston phase-modulated GM pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: One group of the passive phase modulation mechanisms (3) is placed on both sides of another group of passive phase modulation mechanisms (3), and the two groups of passive phase modulation mechanisms (3) here use a double-piston opposed passive phase modulation mechanism and two single-piston passive phase modulation mechanisms.