Working device for detecting and calibrating tension sensor

By designing a working device for detecting and calibration of tension sensors, using technical means such as jacks, top blocks, U-frames and threaded connections, the problems of complex installation and operation of equipment during the detection and calibration of tension sensors in the prior art are solved, and higher detection accuracy and safety are achieved.

CN222951900UActive Publication Date: 2025-06-06HENAN MASCH DESIGN & RESEAROH INST CO LTD +1
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202422262556.X
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-09-14
Publication Date
2025-06-06
Estimated Expiration
2034-09-14

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

During the detection and calibration of existing tension sensors, the use of suspended wheels and other equipment has problems such as complex installation, risk of operation, and affecting the accuracy of the test.

Method used

A working device is designed to accurately control the force applied to the tension sensor through the cooperation of the jack and the top block, and standardized testing is achieved using the combination of U-shaped frame, standard circular holes and threaded holes, increasing the use of threaded connection methods and limit plates, which facilitates assembly and disassembly, and prevents overload and safety hazards.

Benefits of technology

Improves the accuracy and safety of the tension sensor calibration process, provides higher repeatability and consistency, simplifies the testing process and reduces operational risks.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor, which relates to the technical field of tension detection and comprises a fixing frame, an opening is arranged on the fixing frame, fixing frames are symmetrically arranged at the opening of the fixing frame, a first fixing plate is arranged on the fixing frames, and a top block and a third fixing plate are parallelly arranged above the first fixing plate at intervals from top to bottom. The third fixing plate is fixedly connected with the first fixing plate; a second tension sensor is arranged above the first fixing plate, and a first tension sensor is arranged above the second tension sensor. According to the utility model, through the cooperation of the jack and the top block, the magnitude of force applied to the first tension sensor can be accurately controlled, and the side surfaces of the first tension sensor and the jack are provided with the connecting ports, so that integration with other test equipment or a data acquisition system is facilitated, and the use of the U-shaped frame provides convenience for standardized test; and a plurality of limiting pieces are used, so that equipment damage or safety problems caused by overload or misoperation can be effectively prevented.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tension detection, in particular to a working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor. Background Art

[0002] A tension sensor is a device that converts physical signals into measurable electrical signals. It is mainly used to measure the pulling force or tension on an object. It has high precision, simple structure, easy installation, and can be customized according to different requirements. Most tension sensors use one tension sensor to detect another tension sensor. The tension sensor and the device that generates the force are connected to the detection device. The curve of the interaction force and reaction force between the two sensors is observed over time for analysis. This method is not only applicable to static situations, but also to dynamic situations, because the magnitude, direction and action time of the action force and reaction force are the same, and have nothing to do with the motion state of the object. Therefore, by analyzing the change curve of the interaction force and reaction force between the two tension sensors, the magnitude and change of the tension can be effectively detected and measured.

[0003] When the current tension sensor is testing and calibrating other tension sensors, the staff needs to use other devices or machines with upward pressure such as hanging wheels to apply pressure to the tension sensor being tested in order to make the test results accurate. However, such detection has certain problems. For example, equipment such as hanging wheels may be heavy, and professional personnel are required to operate during installation, which increases the difficulty of the work. If the hanging wheel is not installed or fixed correctly, it may move or shake, thereby affecting the accuracy of the test results and posing certain risks. Using these devices may require working at high altitudes, increasing the risk of falling. In addition, there may be a risk of objects falling. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the utility model provides a working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor. The utility model can accurately control the magnitude of the force applied to the tension sensor through the cooperation of a jack and a top block, and circular connecting ports are provided on the sides of the tension sensor and the jack, which are convenient for integration with other test equipment or data acquisition systems. The use of a U-shaped frame and standard circular holes and threaded holes provides convenience for standardized testing. A large number of threaded connections are used in the device, so that the components can be easily assembled and disassembled. At the same time, multiple limit plates are used to effectively prevent equipment damage or safety problems caused by overload or misoperation.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor, comprising a fixing frame, the fixing frame has a rectangular cross section, an opening is provided on the fixing frame, the opening is a rectangular opening, a fixing frame is symmetrically provided at the rectangular opening of the fixing frame, the fixing frame has a rectangular cross section, the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the fixing frame, a first fixing plate is provided on the fixing frame, the first fixing plate has a rectangular cross section, the first fixing plate is connected to the fixing frame, a top block and a third fixing plate are provided above the first fixing plate in parallel from top to bottom, the cross sections of the top block and the third fixing plate are both rectangular, the top block and the third fixing plate are kept in a horizontal direction with the first fixing plate, and the third fixing plate is fixedly connected to the first fixing plate; a second tension sensor is provided above the first fixing plate, the cross section of the second tension sensor The second tension sensor is rectangular, and the second tension sensor is fixedly connected to the first fixing plate by bolts and nuts. The first tension sensor is arranged above the second tension sensor, and the cross section of the first tension sensor is rectangular. The second tension sensor is connected to the first tension sensor end to end, and the top of the first tension sensor is connected to the second fixing plate, and the cross section of the second fixing plate is rectangular. A plurality of connecting rods are vertically slidably mounted on the top block, and the cross section of the connecting rods is circular. The bottom end of the connecting rod passes downward through the third fixing plate and is vertically connected to the second fixing plate. The connecting rod is matched with a third limiting plate, and the third limiting plate is located above the top block, and the cross section of the third limiting plate is circular. A jack is arranged between the top block and the third fixing plate, and the cross section of the jack is rectangular, and the two ends of the jack are respectively in contact with the top block and the third fixing plate.

[0006] A plurality of support frames are arranged below the fixed frame, the cross section of the support frames is rectangular, the support frames are fixedly connected to the fixed frame, and a cross frame is arranged between the plurality of support frames, the cross section of the cross frame is rectangular, and the cross frame is fixedly connected to the support frames.

[0007] The first fixing plate is provided with a plurality of circular perforations, the fixing frame is provided with an opening at a position corresponding to the circular perforations of the first fixing plate, the opening is a circular opening, a plurality of first fixing members are provided through the perforations on the first fixing plate and the openings on the fixing frame, the cross section of the first fixing member is circular, the first fixing member is rotatably connected to the fixing frame through the first fixing plate, a fixing column is provided above the first fixing member, the cross section of the fixing column is circular, and the fixing column is rotatably connected to the first fixing member.

[0008] A second fixing part is arranged above the first tension sensor, and the cross section of the second fixing part is circular. The second fixing plate is provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to the second fixing part, and the through hole is a circular through hole. The second fixing part is rotatably connected to the second fixing plate through the circular through hole on the second fixing plate. The second fixing part is provided with a first limiting plate through the through hole on the second fixing plate, and the cross section of the first limiting plate is circular. The second fixing part is connected to the first limiting plate.

[0009] The third fixing plate is provided with a plurality of through holes at positions corresponding to the fixing columns, the through holes are circular through holes, the fixing columns are connected to the third fixing plate through the circular through holes on the third fixing plate, the fixing columns are provided with a second limiting plate through the third fixing plate, the cross section of the second limiting plate is circular, and the second limiting plate is connected to the fixing columns.

[0010] An opening is set at the top block at the position corresponding to the connecting rod, the opening is a circular opening, a threaded hole is set in the circular opening of the top block, the top block is rotatably connected with the top block through the threaded hole in the circular hole opening, and the connecting rod is passed through the top block. A third limiting plate is set above the top block, and the third limiting plate is connected to the top block through the connecting rod.

[0011] A first tension sensor and a second tension sensor are vertically spaced apart between the third fixing plate and the first fixing plate, and the first tension sensor and the second tension sensor are fixedly connected via a threaded rod and a nut.

[0012] The jack is fixedly mounted on the third fixing plate, and the telescopic end of the jack is arranged upward and abuts against the top block.

[0013] A U-shaped frame is arranged at the lower connecting end of the first tension sensor, and the U-shaped frame is rotationally connected to the first tension sensor. The U-shaped frame is specifically a U-shaped frame of a composite structure, and specifically two U-shaped frames are connected and matched. The second tension sensor is arranged below the U-shaped frame, and the second tension sensor is connected to the U-shaped frame through standard parts such as threaded rods and nuts.

[0014] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0015] 1. The use of U-shaped frames and standard circular holes and threaded holes facilitates standardized testing, making the test process more repeatable and consistent. The U-shaped frame can detect and calibrate different types of tension sensors.

[0016] 2. The first tension sensor and the jack can be integrated by connecting the test equipment or the data acquisition system, which improves the functionality and applicability of the device. Through the cooperation of the jack and the top block, the magnitude of the force applied to the first tension sensor can be accurately controlled, thereby improving the precision and accuracy during the calibration process.

[0017] 3. Through the rotation connection method (such as the first fixing member and the fixing frame, the second fixing member and the second fixing plate, etc.), the position of each component can be flexibly adjusted to meet the requirements of calibration of the first tension sensor under different test conditions, and the device uses a large number of threaded connections (such as the connection between the connecting rod and the second fixing plate and the third fixing plate), which makes it easy to assemble and disassemble the components, which is beneficial to daily maintenance and replacement of components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the front view of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a partial view of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the side view of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the parts assembly of the utility model.

[0023] Description of reference numerals:

[0024] 100, fixed frame; 101, fixed frame; 102, first fixed plate; 103, first tension sensor; 104, U-shaped frame; 105, second fixed plate; 106, connecting rod; 107, third fixed plate; 108, jack; 109, top block; 200, support frame; 201, cross frame; 202, first fixing member; 203, fixing column; 204, second fixing member; 205, first limiting piece; 206, second limiting piece; 207, third limiting piece; 208, second tension sensor; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the utility model clearer, the following will be combined with the appended drawings of the embodiment of the utility model. Figure 1-5 , the technical scheme of the embodiment of the utility model is clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0026] like Figure 1-5As shown: This embodiment provides a working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor, including a fixed frame 100, the cross section of the fixed frame 100 is rectangular, the fixed frame 100 plays a role of fixed support, an opening is provided on the fixed frame 100, the opening is a rectangular opening, a fixing frame 101 is symmetrically provided at the rectangular opening of the fixed frame 100, the cross section of the fixing frame 101 is rectangular, the fixing frame 101 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 100, a first fixing plate 102 is provided on the fixing frame 101, the fixing frame 101 is fixed on the fixing frame 100, and is used to install the first fixing plate 102 and ensure the stability of subsequent components, the cross section of the first fixing plate 102 is rectangular, the first fixing plate 102 is connected to the fixing frame 101, a top block 109 and a third fixing plate 107 are parallelly spaced from top to bottom above the first fixing plate 102, and the cross sections of the top block 109 and the third fixing plate 107 are both rectangular, The top block 109 and the third fixed plate 107 maintain a horizontal direction with the first fixed plate 102, the third fixed plate 107 is fixedly connected to the first fixed plate 102, and the first fixed plate 102 is fixedly installed on the fixing frame 101; a second tension sensor 208 is arranged above the first fixed plate 102, the cross section of the second tension sensor 208 is rectangular, and the second tension sensor 208 is fixedly connected to the first fixed plate 102 by bolts and nuts, and a first tension sensor 103 is arranged above the second tension sensor 208, the cross section of the first tension sensor 103 is rectangular, and the second tension sensor 208 is connected to the first tension sensor 103 end to end, and the first tension sensor 103 performs specific tension detection and calibration on the second tension sensor, and the top of the first tension sensor 103 is connected to the second fixed plate 105, the cross section of the second fixed plate 105 is rectangular, and the second fixed plate 105 is connected to the first

[0027] A tension sensor 103 is fixedly connected, and a plurality of connecting rods 106 are vertically slidably mounted on the top block 109. The cross section of the connecting rod 106 is circular. The bottom end of the connecting rod 106 passes downward through the third fixing plate 107 and is vertically connected to the second fixing plate 105. The connecting rod 106 is matched with a third limiting piece 207, and the third limiting piece 207 is located above the top block 109. The cross section of the third limiting piece 207 is circular. The connecting rod 106 plays a role of fixed connection between the top block 109 and the second fixing plate 105; the top block 109 and the third fixing A jack 108 is provided between the plates 107. The cross section of the jack 108 is rectangular. The two ends of the jack 108 respectively contact the top block 109 and the third fixed plate 107. The jack 108 applies an upward force to the top block 109 to make the top block 109 move upward. In the process of the top block 109 moving upward, the second fixed plate 105 is driven to move upward through the connecting rod 106, so that the first tension sensor 103 connected to the second fixed plate 105 can detect and calibrate the tension of the second tension sensor 208.

[0028] The utility model can accurately control the magnitude of the force applied to the first tension sensor 103 through the cooperation of the jack 108 and the top block 109, and circular connecting ports are provided on the sides of the first tension sensor 103 and the jack 108, which are convenient for integration with other test equipment or data acquisition systems. The use of the U-shaped frame 104 and standard circular holes and threaded holes provides convenience for standardized testing. The device uses a large number of threaded connections, so that the components can be easily assembled and disassembled. At the same time, multiple limit plates are used to effectively prevent equipment damage or safety problems caused by overload or misoperation.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of support frames 200 are arranged below the fixed frame 100, the cross section of the support frame 200 is rectangular, the support frame 200 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 100, a cross frame 201 is arranged between the plurality of support frames 200, the cross section of the cross frame 201 is rectangular, and the cross frame 201 is fixedly connected to the support frame 200. By arranging a plurality of support frames 200 below the fixed frame 100, the overall stability of the device can be significantly improved, especially when a large pulling force is applied, the device can be prevented from tilting or moving, and the cross frame 201 is arranged between the support frames 200, which not only increases the integrity of the structure, but also improves the ability of the device to resist lateral force, making it more sturdy and durable.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the first fixing plate 102, and the through holes are circular through holes. The fixing frame 101 is provided with an opening at a position corresponding to the circular through hole of the first fixing plate 102, and the opening is a circular opening. A plurality of first fixing members 202 are arranged through the through holes on the first fixing plate 102 and the openings on the fixing frame 101, and the cross section of the first fixing member 202 is circular. The first fixing member 202 is rotatably connected to the fixing frame 101 through the first fixing plate 102. A fixing column 203 is arranged above the first fixing member 202, and the cross section of the fixing column 203 is circular. The fixing column 203 is rotatably connected to the first fixing member 202. The rotatable connection between the first fixing plate 102 and the fixing frame 101 makes the connection between the fixing plate and the fixing frame 101 both stable and flexible, and can achieve necessary adjustments while ensuring the structural strength.

[0031] like Figure 2-4As shown, a second fixing member 204 is arranged above the first tension sensor 103, and the cross section of the second fixing member 204 is circular. The second fixing plate 105 has a through hole at a position corresponding to the second fixing member 204, and the through hole is a circular through hole. The second fixing member 204 is rotatably connected to the second fixing plate 105 through the circular through hole on the second fixing plate 105. The second fixing member 204 is provided with a first limiting plate 205 through the through hole on the second fixing plate 105, and the cross section of the first limiting plate 205 is circular. The second fixing member 204 is connected to the first limiting plate 205, and is connected to the first limiting plate 205 through the second fixing member 204, thereby ensuring that the first tension sensor 103 can maintain a stable state when subjected to tension, thereby reducing unnecessary vibration or displacement.

[0032] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the third fixing plate 107 is provided with a plurality of through holes at positions corresponding to the fixing columns 203, and the through holes are circular through holes. The fixing columns 203 are connected to the third fixing plate 107 through the circular through holes on the third fixing plate 107. The fixing columns 203 are provided with a second limiting plate 206 through the third fixing plate 107. The cross section of the second limiting plate 206 is circular. The second limiting plate 206 is connected to the fixing columns 203. The second limiting plate 206 provides a limiting support effect, and the setting of the limiting plate increases the safety of the system, avoiding equipment damage or other safety hazards caused by improper operation.

[0033] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the top block 109 is provided with an opening at a position corresponding to the connecting rod 106, and the opening is a circular opening. A threaded hole is provided in the circular opening of the top block 109, and the top block 109 is rotatably connected to the top block 109 through the threaded hole in the circular hole opening. The connecting rod 106 is provided with a third limit plate 207 above the top block 109 through the top block 109, and the third limit plate 207 is connected to the top block 109 through the connecting rod 106. The third limit plate 207 can limit the maximum stroke of the connecting rod 106 to prevent it from exceeding a predetermined range when tension is applied, thereby protecting the first tension sensor 103 from damage, and the threaded connection allows the user to manually adjust the position of the connecting rod 106, thereby easily changing the tension applied to the first tension sensor 103 to adapt to different calibration requirements.

[0034] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the first tension sensor 103 and the second tension sensor 208 are vertically spaced between the third fixing plate 107 and the first fixing plate 102. The first tension sensor 103 and the second tension sensor 208 are fixedly connected by threaded rods and nuts. The second tension sensor 208 is fixed on the first fixing plate 102. The first tension sensor 103 is used to calibrate and detect the tension of the second tension sensor 208 of the same model and size.

[0035] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the jack 108 is fixedly mounted on the third fixed plate 107, and the telescopic end of the jack 108 is set upward and contacts the top block 109. The top block 109 fixed on the connecting rod 106 is pushed by the upward force of the jack 108, so that the top block 109 can drive the connecting rod 106 to have an upward thrust, so that the second fixed plate 105 at the other end of the connecting rod 106 exerts an upward force, so that the first tension sensor 103 can detect and calibrate the second tension sensor 208. Example

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown: This embodiment provides a working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor: a U-shaped frame 104 is arranged at the lower connection end of the first tension sensor 103, the U-shaped frame 104 is rotatably connected to the first tension sensor 103, the U-shaped frame 104 is specifically a U-shaped frame 104 of a composite structure, specifically two U-shaped frames 104 are connected and matched, the entire U-shaped frame 104 is provided with perforations on the top, bottom, left and right sides, and the perforations are all circular perforations, the upper perforations of the U-shaped frame 104 are connected to the first tension sensor 103 through threaded rods and nuts, and the left and right perforations of the U-shaped frame 104 can be Standard nuts and threaded rods are used for connection, and the U-shaped frame 104 is fixedly connected to the first tension sensor 103 through the upper through hole of the U-shaped frame 104. The second sensor 210 is arranged below the U-shaped frame 104. The second tension sensor 208 is connected to the U-shaped frame 104 through standard parts such as threaded rods and nuts and the lower through hole of the U-shaped frame 104. The lower through hole of the U-shaped frame 104 can be connected to threaded rods and nuts of different models. By adding the U-shaped frame 104, the first tension sensor 103 can detect and calibrate second tension sensors 208 of different models.

[0037] Working principle: In the process of detecting and calibrating the second tension sensor of the same model as the first tension sensor, the height of the first tension sensor can be adjusted so that the second tension sensor can be directly connected to the first tension sensor through a threaded rod for detection and calibration. For the second tension sensor of a different model from the first tension sensor, screws of different specifications can be inserted into the upper and lower holes of the U-shaped frame for connection to adapt to second tension sensors of different models. After the second tension sensor to be detected is connected, an upward pulling force is generated by using a jack to apply tension to the second tension sensor, and then the first tension sensor performs specific tension detection and calibration work. At the same time, the first tension sensor and the jack are connected to the test equipment or data collection equipment to collect and adjust the data.

[0038] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fixing frame (100), wherein the fixing frame (100) is provided with an opening, a fixing frame (101) is symmetrically provided at the opening of the fixing frame (100), a first fixing plate (102) is provided on the fixing frame (101), a top block (109) and a third fixing plate (107) are provided above the first fixing plate (102) in parallel and spaced relation from top to bottom, and the third fixing plate (107) is fixedly connected to the first fixing plate (102); a second tension sensor (208) is provided above the first fixing plate (102), a first tension sensor (103) is provided above the second tension sensor (208), and the second tension sensor (208) is connected to the first tension sensor (103) are connected end to end, the top of the first tension sensor (103) is connected to the second fixed plate (105), a plurality of connecting rods (106) are vertically slidably mounted on the top block (109), the bottom end of the connecting rod (106) passes downward through the third fixed plate (107) and is vertically connected to the second fixed plate (105), the connecting rod (106) is matched with a third limit plate (207) installed, and the third limit plate (207) is located above the top block (109); a jack (108) is provided between the top block (109) and the third fixed plate (107), and the two ends of the jack (108) are respectively in contact with the top block (109) and the third fixed plate (107).

2. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of support frames (200) are arranged below the fixing frame (100), and a cross frame (201) is arranged between the plurality of support frames (200).

3. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixing plate (102) is provided with a plurality of through holes, the fixing frame (101) is provided with openings at positions corresponding to the through holes of the first fixing plate (102), a plurality of first fixing members (202) are provided at positions corresponding to the through holes on the first fixing plate (102), and a fixing column (203) is provided above the first fixing member (202).

4. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second fixing member (204) is arranged above the first tension sensor (103); a through hole is provided on the second fixing plate (105) at a position corresponding to the second fixing member (204); and the second fixing member (204) is provided with a first limiting plate (205) through the through hole on the second fixing plate (105).

5. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third fixing plate (107) is provided with a plurality of through holes at positions corresponding to the fixing columns (203), and the fixing columns (203) are provided with second limiting plates (206) through the third fixing plate (107).

6. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top block (109) is provided with an opening at a position corresponding to the connecting rod (106), and the connecting rod (106) is provided with a third limiting piece (207) above the top block (109) through the top block (109).

7. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first tension sensor (103) and a second tension sensor (208) are vertically spaced apart between the third fixing plate (107) and the first fixing plate (102); the first tension sensor (103) and the second tension sensor (208) are fixedly connected via a threaded rod and a nut.

8. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jack (108) is fixedly mounted on the third fixed plate (107), and the telescopic end of the jack (108) is arranged upward and contacts the top block (109).

9. A working device for detecting and calibrating a tension sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A U-shaped frame (104) is provided at the lower connection end of the first tension sensor (103), and the second tension sensor (208) is provided below the U-shaped frame (104).