Gas distributor and reactor

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of chemical equipment, in particular to a gas distributor and a reactor, and the gas distributor comprises N flow guide shells and N flow guide plate groups; the N flow guide shells are cylindrical, and the inner diameter of the cross section of each flow guide shell is gradually increased in the air inlet direction; the inner diameters of the top surfaces and the inner diameters of the bottom surfaces of the N flow guide shells are gradually reduced from outside to inside respectively; the flow guide shell on the innermost side is enclosed to form a central flow guide channel, and two adjacent flow guide shells are enclosed to form a peripheral flow guide channel; the flow guide plate group is divided into a center plate group and a peripheral plate group, the center plate group comprises center flow guide plates, and the center flow guide plates spirally extend in the air inlet direction; each peripheral plate group comprises a peripheral flow guide plate, and each peripheral flow guide plate spirally extends in the air inlet direction. The gas distributor is simple in structure, gas can obliquely flow in the direction away from the central axis of the gas inlet after being distributed so as to quickly participate in reaction, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the gas distribution effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of chemical equipment. Specifically, it relates to a gas distributor and a reactor including the gas distributor. Background Art

[0002] In the production processes in the chemical field, reactions involving gases are often involved. Before the gas to be distributed enters the reactor from the inlet and undergoes a reaction, it can first be evenly distributed by a gas distributor to improve the reaction efficiency and product quality.

[0003] Currently, the gas distributors used in industry are mainly divided into plate-type gas distributors and tube-type gas distributors. Among them, the plate-type gas distributor usually consists of a cylinder body and a bottom plate placed at the gas outlet end of the cylinder body. A plurality of long holes for the gas to be distributed to pass through are opened on the cylinder body, and a plurality of through holes for the gas to be distributed to pass through are opened on the bottom plate. Under the distribution of this type of gas distributor, the flow rate of the gas to be distributed flowing outwards is slow, the flow path to the contact member (such as a catalyst) is long, the pressure drop is large, the reaction rate of participation is slow, and the gas distribution effect is not good. The tube-type gas distributor usually adopts a structural form in which a plurality of branch pipes are distributed on a main pipe. This structure is prone to problems such as insufficient gas distribution points, low flow rate of the gas to be distributed after distribution, and slow reaction rate of participation, and the gas distribution effect is also not good. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a gas distributor, aiming to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the reaction rate of the gas to be distributed after being distributed by the gas distributor is slow and the gas distribution effect of the gas to be distributed is not good.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0006] Provide a gas distributor, which is arranged at the inlet of the reactor and includes N guide shells, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; the N guide shells are all in a cylindrical shape, and the inner diameter of the cross-section of each guide shell is set to increase along the inlet direction; the N guide shells are sleeved in sequence from outside to inside, and the inner diameter of the top surface and the inner diameter of the bottom surface of the N guide shells decrease from outside to inside; the innermost guide shell encloses to form a central guide channel communicating with the inlet, and the space between two adjacent guide shells encloses to form an outer guide channel communicating with the inlet; and N guide plate groups, which are divided into one central plate group and N - 1 outer plate groups; the central plate group includes at least one central guide plate, and each central guide plate extends in a spiral shape along the inlet direction and is arranged in the central guide channel; the outer plate groups are arranged in the outer guide channels one by one corresponding to each other, and each outer plate group includes at least one outer guide plate, and each outer guide plate extends in a spiral shape along the inlet direction.

[0007] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the N flow guiding shells are all frustum-shaped, the N flow guiding shells are coaxially arranged around the central axis of the air inlet and their top surfaces are flush, and the heights of the N flow guiding shells increase from the outside to the inside.

[0008] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the extension lines of the generatrices of the N flow guiding shells respectively intersect the central axis of the air inlet at the same point, and the difference in the apex angles of the two cones corresponding to adjacent two flow guiding shells is the same as the apex angle value of the cone corresponding to the innermost flow guiding shell.

[0009] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the N flow guiding shells respectively correspond to N cones one by one, the generatrix lengths of the N cones are all the same, and are 1.5 - 2.0 times the inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost flow guiding shell.

[0010] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the number of the central flow guiding plates in the central plate group is the same as the number of the peripheral flow guiding plates in each peripheral plate group and is n, where n is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0011] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the n central flow guiding plates are arranged at intervals around the central axis of the air inlet and are connected to each other on the central axis of the air inlet, and one side of each central flow guiding plate facing away from the central axis of the air inlet is connected to the innermost flow guiding shell; each of the peripheral flow guiding plates in each peripheral flow guiding channel is arranged at intervals around the central axis of the air inlet and is connected between two adjacent flow guiding shells for enclosing the peripheral flow guiding channel.

[0012] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the n central flow guiding plates in the central plate group and the n peripheral flow guiding plates in each peripheral plate group are all rotationally symmetric structures with a rotation angle of 2π / n and a rotation axis of the central axis of the air inlet.

[0013] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the set of all cross-sections obtained by intercepting all the central flow guiding plates and all the peripheral flow guiding plates by the same plane perpendicular to the central axis of the air inlet constitutes n line segment structures, and the n line segment structures extend radially outward from the same central point.

[0014] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that each central flow guide plate in the central plate group extends from the flush top surface to the bottom end of the innermost flow guide shell, and each peripheral flow guide plate in each peripheral plate group extends from the flush top surface to the bottom ends of two adjacent flow guide shells that enclose the corresponding peripheral flow guide channel of the peripheral plate group.

[0015] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the gas distributor further includes a cylindrical extension section connected to the top of the outermost flow guide shell. An overflow channel is provided in the extension section, and the overflow channel is respectively communicated with the air inlet, the central flow guide channel, and each of the peripheral flow guide channels; a connecting member is provided on the extension section, and the connecting member is fixedly installed on the connecting and mating member at the air inlet.

[0016] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the gas distributor may include that the inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost flow guide shell, the cross-sectional inner diameter of the overflow channel, and the diameter of the air inlet are all the same.

[0017] The second aspect of the present application provides a reactor, including an air inlet and the above-mentioned gas distributor provided at the air inlet.

[0018] In addition to, or as an alternative to, one or more of the features described herein, a further embodiment of the reactor is that it further includes a tube sheet and a plurality of reaction tubes on the gas outlet side of the gas distributor. The tube orifices of the plurality of reaction tubes are evenly arranged on the tube sheet, and the set of the extension lines of the generatrices of the outermost flow guide shell facing the tube sheet covers all the tube orifices of the reaction tubes.

[0019] One of the technical solutions in the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects: The gas distributor includes N flow guiding shells, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; the inner diameters of the cross-sections of each flow guiding shell are all set to increase along the air inlet direction, and the N flow guiding shells are sleeved in sequence from the outside to the inside. It can be seen that the gas distributor is generally in the shape of a conical sleeve. This structure enables the gas to flow out obliquely along the direction away from the central axis of the air inlet after being guided by the peripheral flow guiding channels of the gas distributor. In this way, the flow path length of the gas reaching the contact part can be shortened, the gas velocity is high, the pressure drop is small, the gas can quickly participate in the reaction, the reaction efficiency is accelerated, and the reaction cycle is shortened. At the same time, the problem of insufficient gas distribution points is solved, and the gas distribution effect is good; the gas distributor is also provided with N groups of flow guiding plates. Among them, both the central flow guiding plate and the peripheral flow guiding plate are arranged to extend spirally along the air inlet direction, which can further increase the gas velocity. At the same time, the setting of the central flow guiding plate enables the gas to also flow out obliquely along the direction away from the central axis of the air inlet in the central flow guiding channel, shortening the flow path length of the gas reaching the contact part and reducing the impact and wear on the middle part of the tube sheet caused by the airflow; this structure can better control the gas pressure drop and velocity, and has a simple structure and is easy to mass-produce. It is applicable to reactors with gas participation, such as methanol reactors and methanation reactors in the coal chemical industry, and has a wide application prospect.

[0020] Other advantages of this application and the technical effects of the preferred embodiments will be further described in the specific embodiments below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the gas distributor provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a front view schematic diagram of the gas distributor provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a top view schematic diagram of the gas distributor provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 is a bottom view schematic diagram of the gas distributor provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional schematic diagram of the gas distributor provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of N deflector groups (after combination) provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 is a front view schematic diagram of N deflector groups (after combination) provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 is a top view schematic diagram of N deflector groups (after combination) provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of N deflector groups (considering the plate width) provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional schematic diagram of a reactor (part) provided by at least one embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure:

[0033] 1: Deflection shell 100: Central deflection channel

[0034] α: Cone vertex angle corresponding to the outermost deflection shell 110: Peripheral deflection channel

[0035] R: Cone generatrix length corresponding to the outermost deflection shell d: Inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost deflection shell

[0036] 2: Deflector group 21: Central plate group

[0037] 22: Peripheral plate group 211: Central deflector

[0038] 221: Peripheral deflector 200: Line segment structure

[0039] 20: Central point

[0040] 3: Extension section 300: Flow-through channel

[0041] 31: Connecting piece

[0042] 4: Air inlet A: Air inlet direction

[0043] M: Central axis of the air inlet 41: Connecting and mating piece

[0044] 5: Tube sheet

[0045] 6: Reaction tube Detailed implementation manners

[0046] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, but should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0047] It should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0048] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In addition, in the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly specifically defined.

[0050] Take Figures 1 to 10 as an example to illustrate and introduce a gas distributor provided by the present application. A gas distributor provided by the present application can be located at the gas inlet 4 of the reactor. The reactor can specifically be a methanol reactor, a methanation reactor, etc. in the coal chemical industry, and there is no limitation here; the gas to be distributed can be a raw material gas or other gases that need to participate in the reaction.

[0051] The gas distributor can include N flow guiding shells 1 and N flow guiding plate groups 2, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; for example, if the gas distributor includes 5 flow guiding shells 1, the number of flow guiding plate groups 2 is also 5.

[0052] The N flow guiding shells 1 are all cylindrical, and optionally, the central axes of the respective flow guiding shells 1 all extend along the intake direction A, which can be understood as the direction in which the gas to be distributed flows into the gas distributor; the inner diameters of the cross-sections of the respective flow guiding shells 1 are all set to increase along the intake direction A. That is, if the intake direction A is from top to bottom, then the inner diameters of the cross-sections of the respective flow guiding shells 1 all increase from top to bottom. At this time, the respective flow guiding shells 1 can be understood as having a structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

[0053] N flow guiding shells 1 are sleeved in sequence from outside to inside; if the outermost flow guiding shell 1 is the first flow guiding shell, the second outermost flow guiding shell 1 is the second flow guiding shell, and so on. The fact that N flow guiding shells 1 are sleeved in sequence from outside to inside can be understood as that the first flow guiding shell is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second flow guiding shell, the second flow guiding shell is sleeved on the outer periphery of the third flow guiding shell... the (N - 1)th flow guiding shell is sleeved on the outer periphery of the Nth flow guiding shell. It should be noted that the first flow guiding shell being sleeved on the outer periphery of the second flow guiding shell can be further understood as that the second flow guiding shell can be completely inside the first flow guiding shell or partially inside the first flow guiding shell. For example, the tops of the two can be set flush while the bottom of the second flow guiding shell extends out of the inside of the first flow guiding shell, as Figure 2 shown, and the other-level flow guiding shells 1 can be set in the same way, which will not be elaborated here.

[0054] The inner diameters of the tops of the N flow guiding shells 1 decrease from outside to inside, which can be understood as that the inner diameter of the top of the first flow guiding shell is greater than that of the second flow guiding shell, the inner diameter of the top of the second flow guiding shell is greater than that of the third flow guiding shell, and so on; and the inner diameters of the bottoms of the N flow guiding shells 1 decrease from outside to inside, which can be understood as that the inner diameter of the bottom of the first flow guiding shell is greater than that of the second flow guiding shell, the inner diameter of the bottom of the second flow guiding shell is greater than that of the third flow guiding shell, and so on. In this way, between the first flow guiding shell and the second flow guiding shell, between the second flow guiding shell and the third flow guiding shell... between the (N - 1)th flow guiding shell and the Nth flow guiding shell, there are all formed substantially cylindrical intervals, and this interval is the peripheral flow guiding channel 110 formed by enclosing between two adjacent flow guiding shells 1 and communicating with the air inlet 4; the Nth flow guiding shell, that is, the innermost flow guiding shell 1, can enclose and form a central flow guiding channel 100 communicating with the air inlet 4. From the above content, it can be seen that the overall structure of this gas distributor is roughly in the shape of a tapered sleeve. After the gas to be distributed flows into the N - 1 peripheral flow guiding channels 110 through the air inlet 4, it can flow out of the N - 1 peripheral flow guiding channels 110 obliquely along the direction away from the central axis M of the air inlet under the guidance of the corresponding flow guiding shell 1. In this way, it helps to shorten the flow path length of the gas reaching the contact member, the gas has a high flow rate and a small pressure drop, the gas can quickly participate in the reaction, the reaction efficiency is accelerated and the reaction cycle is shortened. At the same time, the gas flows out from the multi-layer annular channels, and the gas distribution is uniform, without the problem of insufficient distribution points, and the gas distribution effect is good.

[0055] The gas distributor is connected to the air inlet 4 through at least one flow guiding shell 1, that is, at least one flow guiding shell 1 can not only be used for guiding the flow but also for connecting with the air inlet 4 to ensure that the gas distributor is stably installed at the air inlet 4 of the reactor.

[0056] N flow deflector groups 2 can be divided into a central plate group 21 located in the middle of the gas distributor and N-1 peripheral plate groups 22 located outside the central plate group 21. Among them, the central plate group 21 may include at least one central flow deflector 211. Each central flow deflector 211 extends spirally along the intake direction A and is arranged in the central flow guide channel 100. In this way, the gas to be distributed flowing into the central flow guide channel 100 can flow out spirally under the guidance of the spiral central flow deflector 211, thereby increasing the gas flow rate and further enabling the gas to participate in the reaction quickly. At the same time, the spiral central flow deflector 211 changes the flow direction of the gas to be distributed flowing into the central flow guide channel 100, reduces the impact and wear on the tube sheet 5 (or other components directly opposite to the outlet side of the central flow guide channel 100), and improves the service life of the tube sheet 5. The above-mentioned N-1 peripheral plate groups 22 are respectively arranged in N-1 peripheral flow guide channels 110 one by one, that is, one peripheral flow guide channel 110 is arranged with one peripheral plate group 22. Each peripheral plate group 22 respectively includes at least one peripheral flow deflector 221, and each peripheral flow deflector 221 extends spirally along the intake direction A. It should be noted that the central flow deflector 211 can extend along the entire central flow guide channel 100 or extend and be arranged at a local position of the central flow guide channel 100. The specific extension position and spiral size are not limited here. Similarly, the peripheral flow deflector 221 can extend along the entire corresponding peripheral flow guide channel 110 or extend and be arranged at a local position of the peripheral flow guide channel 110. The specific extension position and spiral size are also not limited here. By arranging both the central flow deflector 211 and the peripheral flow deflector 221 to extend spirally along the intake direction A, the gas flow rate can be increased and the flow path length of the gas reaching the contact member can be shortened.

[0057] As can be seen from the above, the structure of this gas distributor can better control the gas pressure drop and flow rate, and has a good gas distribution effect. At the same time, the gas distributor's flow guide shell 1 only has a gas outlet at the bottom, which can prompt all the gas to be distributed to flow obliquely downward, so as to participate in the reaction as soon as possible. The structure is simple and easy to mass-produce, and is applicable to reactors with gas participation, such as methanol reactors and methanation reactors in the coal chemical industry field, and has a wide application prospect.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 5As shown, the N flow guiding shells 1 are all frustum-shaped. The N flow guiding shells 1 are coaxially arranged around the intake central axis M with their top surfaces flush. In this way, the gas to be distributed can enter the central flow guiding channel 100 and each peripheral flow guiding channel 110 simultaneously, facilitating the uniform distribution of the gas. At the same time, this structure is easy to process and manufacture, and is convenient for the combined assembly of the flow guiding shells 1 of the gas distributor. In some embodiments, the heights of the N flow guiding shells 1 increase from the outside to the inside, that is, the height of the flow guiding shell 1 closer to the inside is higher than the height of the flow guiding shell 1 on its outside. Further, it can be understood that the height of the first flow guiding shell is less than the height of the second flow guiding shell, the height of the second flow guiding shell is less than the height of the third flow guiding shell, and so on. This structure enables both the central flow guiding channel 100 and the peripheral flow guiding channels 110 to have sufficient lengths to guide the gas in the channels. At the same time, it can effectively shorten the flow path length of the distributed gas to the contact member, improve the reaction rate of the gas participation, and thus shorten the reaction cycle.

[0059] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 10 , the extension lines of the generatrices of the N flow guiding shells 1 respectively intersect the intake central axis M at the same point. The difference in the apex angles of the two cones corresponding to two adjacent flow guiding shells 1 in one-to-one correspondence is the same as the apex angle value of the cone corresponding to the innermost flow guiding shell 1. In other words, if the apex angle of the outermost flow guiding shell 1 is α, the apex angle of the second outermost flow guiding shell 1 is α(N - 1) / N, and so on. The apex angle of the innermost flow guiding shell 1 is α / N. For example, if N is 3, the apex angle of the outermost flow guiding shell 1 is α, the apex angle of the second outermost flow guiding shell 1 is 2α / 3, and the apex angle of the innermost flow guiding shell 1 is α / 3. If N is 5, the apex angle of the outermost flow guiding shell 1 is α, the apex angle of the second outermost flow guiding shell 1 is 4α / 5, and so on. The apex angle of the innermost flow guiding shell 1 is α / 5. This structure is conducive to the distribution and positioning of the gas, with balanced pressure, so that the fluid distribution uniformity is better, and it is easy to process and manufacture. The angles between the flow guiding shells 1 are evenly arranged. When this gas distributor is applied to a large-scale reactor, the gas can be distributed more evenly.

[0060] In some embodiments, the N flow guiding shells 1 respectively correspond to N cones one by one. The generatrix lengths of the N cones are all the same, and are about 1.5 - 2.0 times the inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost flow guiding shell 1. As Figure 10As shown, the generatrix lengths of the N cones corresponding to the N flow guiding shells 1 can be R. If the value of R is set too large, it will hinder the loading of contact parts such as catalysts. In some embodiments, both the gas distributor and the catalyst feed port can be arranged on the upper head of the reactor. The gas distributor is located between the air inlet 4 and the catalyst feed port. The catalyst can be loaded into the reaction tube 6 from the feed port. At this time, if the value of R is larger, the shielding of the catalyst feed port will be more, which will be more unfavorable for the loading of the catalyst; on the contrary, if the value of R is set too small, the distributed gas will rapidly decay in speed due to the increase in space, the flow channel will grow, and the flow velocity will decrease, thus being unfavorable for the reaction. Therefore, the setting of this structure and its proportional relationship can facilitate the arrangement of the gas distributor in the reactor, will not hinder the loading of contact parts such as catalysts, and at the same time helps to shorten the flow channel length of the distributed gas to the contact parts, enabling the distributed gas to quickly participate in the reaction and further optimizing the gas distribution effect.

[0061] It should be noted that although the numerical ranges and parameters that elaborate on the broad scope of the present application are approximate values and are limited by "about", the numerical values elaborated in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently contains certain errors, which can be caused by the standard deviations found in their respective test measurements (including the standard deviations found in the measuring instruments). Similarly, it should be understood that any numerical range listed herein is intended to include all sub-ranges contained therein. For example, the range "1.5 - 2.0" is intended to include all sub-ranges between the listed minimum value of 1.5 and the listed maximum value of 2.0 and including the said minimum and maximum values, that is, ranges with a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.5 and a maximum value equal to or less than 2.0. Since the disclosed numerical ranges are continuous, they include every value between the minimum and maximum values, such as 1.6, 1.8, etc. Unless otherwise clearly indicated, the numerical ranges specified in the present application are all approximate values.

[0062] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the number of the central flow guiding plates 211 in the central plate group 21 is the same as the number of the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 in each peripheral plate group 22 and is n, where n is a positive integer greater than 1. In the figure, the case where n is 3 is shown. However, the specific value of n can be selected according to the actual situation and is not uniquely limited here; by setting the number of both the central flow guiding plates 211 and the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 to be multiple, the directions of the gas flowing out after being guided by the multiple central flow guiding plates 211 and the multiple peripheral flow guiding plates 221 can be more diverse, avoiding insufficient gas distribution points and making the gas distribution more uniform; setting the number of the central flow guiding plates 211 and the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 to be the same can further improve the performance of the gas distributor in evenly distributing the gas.

[0063] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , n central flow guiding plates 211 are arranged at intervals around the intake central axis M and are connected to each other on the intake central axis M. On one side of each central flow guiding plate 211 facing away from the intake central axis M, it is connected to the innermost flow guiding shell 1, that is, the n central flow guiding plates 211 are connected as a whole, and the corresponding connecting line is collinear with the intake central axis M. Moreover, on the outer side of the n central flow guiding plates 211 facing away from the intake central axis M, they are all connected to the innermost flow guiding shell 1. In this way, the n central flow guiding plates 211 can be stably installed inside the innermost flow guiding shell 1; each of the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 in each peripheral flow guiding channel 110 is arranged at intervals around the intake central axis M and is connected between two adjacent flow guiding shells 1 that enclose the peripheral flow guiding channel 110. In this way, each of the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 in each peripheral flow guiding channel 110 can not only play a role in guiding the flow, but also have the role of connecting two adjacent flow guiding shells 1. This structure enables the connection between the flow guiding shells 1 to be realized through the flow guiding plate group 2, without additionally arranging other connecting parts 31, reducing the production cost, with a reasonable structure and ensuring the stability of the overall structure of the gas distributor.

[0064] In some embodiments, reference can be made to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the n central flow guiding plates 211 in the central plate group 21 and the n peripheral flow guiding plates 221 in each peripheral plate group 22 are all rotationally symmetric structures with a rotation angle of 2π / n and the intake central axis M as the rotation axis. As shown in the figure, taking n = 3 as an example, the 3 central flow guiding plates 211 located in the middle are: a rotationally symmetric structure with a rotation angle of 2π / 3 (i.e., 120°) and the intake central axis M as the rotation axis. It can be understood that when the 3 central flow guiding plates 211 rotate 120° around the rotation axis, the obtained structure is the same as the structure of the 3 central flow guiding plates 211 before rotation; at the same time, each of the 3 peripheral flow guiding plates 221 in each peripheral plate group 22 is also: a rotationally symmetric structure with a rotation angle of 2π / 3 (i.e., 120°) and the intake central axis M as the rotation axis. It can be understood that when the 3 peripheral flow guiding plates 221 belonging to the same peripheral plate group 22 rotate 120° around the rotation axis, the obtained structure is the same as the structure of the 3 peripheral flow guiding plates 221 before rotation. This structure further improves the distribution effect of the gas distributor, and the gas distribution is more uniform. Optionally, the pitch of each central flow guiding plate 211 and each peripheral flow guiding plate 221 can be set to 5 times the diameter of the intake port 4, and the gas distribution effect of this structure is better.

[0065] In some embodiments, reference can be made to Figures 6 to 8, if the thicknesses of the flow guiding shell 1, the central flow guiding plate 211, and the peripheral flow guiding plate 221 are ignored, when all the central flow guiding plates 211 and all the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 are combined, the structure shown in the figure can be formed; it can be seen from the figure that this structure is composed of three spiral plate members, specifically a rotationally symmetric structure with a rotation angle of 2π / n (n is 3 in the figure, and at this time the rotation angle is 120°) and the central axis M of the air inlet as the rotation axis. In these embodiments, if the thicknesses of the flow guiding shell 1, the central flow guiding plate 211, and the peripheral flow guiding plate 221 are taken into account, the set of all cross-sections obtained by cutting all the central flow guiding plates 211 and all the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 with a plane perpendicular to the central axis M of the air inlet can form n line segment structures 200. The n line segment structures 200 radially extend outward from the same central point 20, the central point 20 is located on the central axis M of the air inlet, and the included angle between two adjacent line segment structures 200 is 2π / n; taking Figure 9 as an example, in the figure n = 3, that is, 3 line segment structures 200 radially extend outward from the same central point 20, and the included angle between two adjacent line segment structures 200 is 120°. The central flow guiding plate 211 and the peripheral flow guiding plate 221 are arranged in such a way that the width dimension of each peripheral flow guiding plate 221 at a cross-section is the radial spacing dimension between two adjacent flow guiding shells 1 connected at this cross-section, and the width dimension of each central flow guiding plate 211 at a cross-section is the inner circle radius dimension of the innermost flow guiding plate at this cross-section. As Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown, if the radial spacing between two adjacent flow guiding shells 1 increases from top to bottom, then the width of the peripheral flow guiding plate 221 located in these two adjacent flow guiding shells 1 will also increase from top to bottom. This structure makes the structure of the flow guiding plate group 2 easy to process and manufacture, and at the same time facilitates the setting of the flow guiding plate group 2 in the flow guiding shell 1, with a reasonable structure.

[0066] As Figure 9 shown, the thicknesses of all the central flow guiding plates 211 and all the peripheral flow guiding plates 221 can be set to be the same, and of course, they can also be set to be different according to actual needs.

[0067] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , each central flow guiding plate 211 in the central plate group 21 extends from the top surface flush position to the bottom end of the innermost flow guiding shell 1, and each peripheral flow guiding plate 221 in each peripheral plate group 22 extends from the top surface flush position to the bottom ends of two adjacent flow guiding shells 1 that enclose the corresponding peripheral flow guiding channel 110 of this peripheral plate group 22. This structure enables the central flow guiding plate 211 and the peripheral flow guiding plate 221 to be arranged to extend throughout the channel, which can further increase the gas flow rate and thus improve the reaction efficiency.

[0068] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5As shown, the gas distributor further includes a cylindrical extension section 3 connected to the top of the outermost flow guide shell 1. An over-flow channel 300 is provided in the extension section 3, and the over-flow channel 300 is respectively communicated with the air inlet 4, the central flow guide channel 100, and each peripheral flow guide channel 110. A connecting member 31 is provided on the extension section 3, and the connecting member 31 is fixedly installed on the connecting and mating member 41 at the air inlet 4. Optionally, the connecting member 31 and the connecting and mating member 41 are a bolted flange connection structure, that is, the connecting member 31 and the connecting and mating member 41 can be selected as flange structures, and the two are fixed by bolts. Among them, the flange structure can be a flat-welded plate flange or a slip-on welded flange, such as Figure 10 As shown, the height of the connecting member 31 is H, and the distance from the outer end of the connecting member 31 to the bottom end of the extension section 3 is L. Preferably, L≥(H + 25)mm can be set to avoid the welding circumferential seam between the extension section 3 and the outermost flow guide shell 1 from coinciding with the circumferential seam between the extension section 3 and the connecting member 31, that is, to avoid the coincidence of weld seams and welding defects. Since the gas distributor and the inlet adopt a bolted flange connection structure and do not need to be welded to the inner wall of the reactor shell, the gas distributor is easy to replace, and the inner wall of the reactor shell will not be damaged when the gas distributor is replaced.

[0069] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost flow guide shell 1, the cross-sectional inner diameter of the over-flow channel 300, and the diameter of the air inlet 4 are all the same. As Figure 10 shown, if the diameter of the air inlet 4 is d, the cross-sectional inner diameter of the over-flow channel 300 is d, and the inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost flow guide shell 1 is also d. This structure can ensure that the gas flowing out of the air inlet 4 can smoothly enter the over-flow channel 300 and the gas distributor, which helps to improve the gas distribution efficiency.

[0070] On the other hand, a reactor proposed in the present application includes an air inlet 4 and the above-mentioned gas distributor located at the air inlet 4. As Figure 10As shown, the reactor adopts the above-mentioned conical sleeve type gas distributor. In some embodiments, the gas distributor may specifically include a connecting member 31, an extension section 3, a plurality of nested flow guiding shells 1, and a flow guiding plate group 2. More specifically, one end of the extension section 3 is welded to the connecting member 31, and the other end of the extension section 3 is welded to the top end of the outermost flow guiding shell 1. The plurality of nested flow guiding shells 1 are connected and fixed by the flow guiding plate group 2. The bus bar vertices of the plurality of nested flow guiding shells 1 are the same point and are located on the center line of the gas distributor (i.e., the central axis M of the air inlet). The extension lengths of the plurality of nested flow guiding shells 1 should be appropriate so as not to hinder the loading of the catalyst. The conical sleeve type gas distributor and the connecting fitting 41 at the air inlet 4 can be fixedly connected by bolts, nuts, and backing plates. The reactor further includes a tube sheet 5 and a plurality of reaction tubes 6 on the gas outlet side of the gas distributor. The tube orifices of the plurality of reaction tubes 6 are evenly arranged on the tube sheet 5. The gas enters the reactor from the air inlet 4, then flows obliquely downward between the plurality of nested flow guiding shells 1, and then flows to the upper surface of the reactor tube sheet 5, flows through the catalyst bed layer in the reaction tube 6 from one end of the reaction tube 6, and after the reaction, flows out from the other end of the reaction tube 6 and finally is discharged from the reaction gas outlet. This conical sleeve type gas distributor has a simple structure, uniform distribution of the raw material gas, can accelerate the reaction efficiency and shorten the reaction cycle, can better control the pressure drop and flow rate, and has a better gas distribution state.

[0071] In some embodiments, the set of the extension lines of the bus bars of the outermost flow guiding shell 1 towards the tube sheet 5 should be able to cover all the tube orifices of the reaction tubes 6. That is, when setting the shape of the outermost flow guiding shell 1, it should be based on the criterion that its bus bar extends to the upper surface of the reactor tube sheet 5 and can cover all the tube holes of the reaction tubes 6. This structure can enable the gas to flow into each reaction tube 6 along the extension direction of the flow guiding shell 1 after being distributed by the gas distributor, and the gas distribution effect is better.

[0072] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application are only examples for clearly explaining the present application, and are not limitations on the implementation manners of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A gas distributor, arranged at the gas inlet of a reactor, characterized in that: include: N guide shells, N is a positive integer greater than 1; the N guide shells are all cylindrical, and the inner diameter of the cross section of each guide shell is set to increase along the air intake direction; the N guide shells are sequentially sleeved from the outside to the inside, and the inner diameters of the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the N guide shells decrease from the outside to the inside respectively; the innermost guide shells enclose a central guide channel connected to the air inlet, and the adjacent two guide shells enclose a peripheral guide channel connected to the air inlet; as well as The N guide plate groups are divided into a central plate group and N-1 peripheral plate groups; the central plate group includes at least one central guide plate, each of which extends in a spiral shape along the air intake direction and is arranged in the central guide channel; the peripheral plate groups are arranged in the peripheral guide channel one by one, each of which includes at least one peripheral guide plate, each of which extends in a spiral shape along the air intake direction.

2. The gas distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that The N guide shells are all in a truncated cone shape, are coaxially arranged around the central axis of the air inlet and have flush top surfaces, and the heights of the N guide shells increase from the outside to the inside.

3. The gas distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The generatrix extension lines of the N guide shells intersect with the central axis of the air inlet at the same point respectively, and the difference between the vertex angles of the two cones corresponding to two adjacent guide shells is the same as the vertex angle value of the cone corresponding to the innermost guide shell.

4. The gas distributor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The N guide shells correspond to N cones respectively, and the generatrix lengths of the N cones are the same and are 1.5-2.0 times the inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost guide shell.

5. The gas distributor according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The number of the central guide plates in the central plate group is the same as the number of the peripheral guide plates in each of the peripheral plate groups and is n, where n is a positive integer greater than 1.

6. The gas distributor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The n central guide plates are arranged at intervals around the central axis of the air inlet and connected to each other on the central axis of the air inlet, and the side of each central guide plate facing away from the central axis of the air inlet is connected to the innermost guide shell; each of the peripheral guide plates in each peripheral guide channel is arranged at intervals around the central axis of the air inlet and connected between two adjacent guide shells used to enclose the peripheral guide channel.

7. The gas distributor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The n central guide plates in the central plate group and the n peripheral guide plates in each peripheral plate group are all rotationally symmetrical structures with a rotation angle of 2π / n and a central axis of the air inlet as a rotation axis.

8. The gas distributor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The set of all cross sections of all the central guide plates and all the peripheral guide plates cut by the same plane perpendicular to the central axis of the air inlet constitutes n line segment structures, and the n line segment structures extend radially outward from the same center point.

9. The gas distributor according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: Each central guide plate in the central plate group extends from the top surface flush to the bottom end of the innermost guide shell, and each peripheral guide plate in each peripheral plate group extends from the top surface flush to the bottom ends of two adjacent guide shells for enclosing the peripheral guide channel corresponding to the peripheral plate group.

10. The gas distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The gas distributor also includes a cylindrical extension section connected to the top of the outermost guide shell, and a flow channel is provided in the extension section, and the flow channel is respectively connected to the air inlet, the central guide channel and each of the peripheral guide channels; a connecting piece is provided on the extension section, and the connecting piece is fixedly mounted on the connecting fitting at the air inlet.

11. The gas distributor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the top surface of the outermost flow guide shell, the inner diameter of the cross section of the flow passage, and the caliber of the air inlet are all consistent.

12. A reactor comprising a gas inlet, characterized in that It also includes a gas distributor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which is arranged at the gas inlet.

13. The reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that The reactor also includes a tube sheet located on the gas outlet side of the gas distributor and a plurality of reaction tubes, the nozzles of the plurality of reaction tubes are all arranged on the tube sheet, and the collection of the extension line of the busbar of the outermost flow guide shell toward the tube sheet covers the nozzles of all the reaction tubes.

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