Gear structure
By introducing pressure sensors into the yaw bearing gear structure of the wind turbine unit, the meshing pressure is monitored in real time, and the problem of excessive gear stress in the wind turbine is solved, and a gear detection and monitoring system that realizes early detection and early treatment, reducing the risk of failure is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421609501.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-09
AI Technical Summary
The longer the blades of the wind turbine, the greater the load the yaw bearings bear, resulting in excessive stress on the gears, which can easily cause biased wear, and the prior art is difficult to monitor and early warning in real time.
A gear structure is designed in which the gear of the yaw bearing meshs with the first driving gear, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the gear teeth of the first driving gear. By monitoring the meshing pressure, the state of the gear is detected in real time and a fault reminder is issued.
Real-time monitoring of yaw bearing gears is realized, and faults of a single or multiple pressure sensors exceeding normal meshing force can be detected in a timely manner, and users or maintenance personnel are warned in advance, reducing the frequency of risks of gear deformation and breakage.
Smart Images
Figure CN222963248U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of machinery, and particularly relates to a gear structure. Background Art
[0002] With the increase of the single-machine capacity of wind turbines, the blades of wind turbine generators are getting longer, and the load borne by the yaw bearing also increases accordingly. The bearing teeth are subjected to greater alternating loads. As the yaw process progresses, the drive will rotate together with the machine head, resulting in greater force on the gear at the front end of the yaw drive, which is extremely likely to cause uneven wear of the gear of the yaw bearing.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a gear structure that can detect the gear of the yaw bearing. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] In view of this, the utility model provides a gear structure, based on which the gear of the yaw bearing can be detected.
[0005] The technical solution provided by the utility model is as follows:
[0006] The utility model provides a gear structure, which includes: the gear of the yaw bearing and the first driving gear;
[0007] The gear of the yaw bearing meshes with the first driving gear;
[0008] The teeth of the first driving gear are provided with a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor.
[0009] In a possible implementation manner, the teeth of the first driving gear are provided with a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, including: the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are arranged in the meshing area of the teeth of the first driving gear.
[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the teeth of the first driving gear are provided with a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, including:
[0011] The teeth of the first driving gear include a first recess, which is used to divide the teeth of the first driving gear into a first upper tooth and a first lower tooth. The first upper tooth is provided with the first pressure sensor, and the first lower tooth is provided with the second pressure sensor.
[0012] In a possible implementation manner, the meshing area of the teeth of the first driving gear includes the tooth surface of the first upper tooth and the tooth surface of the first lower tooth. The first pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the first upper tooth, and the second pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the first lower tooth.
[0013] In a possible implementation manner, the gear size of the gear of the yaw bearing is larger than the gear size of the first driving gear.
[0014] In a possible implementation manner, the gear structure further includes a second driving gear, and the gear of the yaw bearing meshes with the second driving gear.
[0015] In a possible implementation manner, a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are arranged on the teeth of the second driving gear.
[0016] In a possible implementation manner, a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are arranged on the teeth of the second driving gear, including: the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are arranged in the meshing area of the teeth of the second driving gear.
[0017] In a possible implementation manner, a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are arranged on the teeth of the second driving gear, including:
[0018] The teeth of the second driving gear include a second recess, and the second recess is used to divide the teeth of the second driving gear into a second upper tooth and a second lower tooth. The third pressure sensor is arranged on the second upper tooth, and the fourth pressure sensor is arranged on the second lower tooth.
[0019] In a possible implementation manner, the meshing area of the teeth of the second driving gear includes the tooth surface of the second upper tooth and the tooth surface of the second lower tooth. The third pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the second upper tooth, and the fourth pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the second lower tooth.
[0020] Thus, the present utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0021] The present utility model provides a gear structure, which includes: a gear of a yaw bearing and a first driving gear; the gear of the yaw bearing meshes with the first driving gear; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged on the teeth of the first driving gear. In this way, the meshing pressure between the gear of the yaw bearing and the first driving gear can be effectively monitored by using the pressure sensors arranged on the teeth of the driving gear. When a single or multiple pressure sensors exceed the normal meshing force, a gear fault reminder can be given. Description of the Drawings
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.
[0023] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the first gear structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0024] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of the second gear structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0025] Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of the third gear structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0026] Figure 4 Structural schematic diagram of the fourth gear structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;
[0027] Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the fifth gear structure provided by the embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners
[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0029] To facilitate the understanding and interpretation of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application, the following will first explain the nouns and background technologies that may be involved in the embodiments of the present application:
[0030] With the increase in the single-unit capacity of wind turbines, the blades of wind turbine generators are getting longer and longer, and the loads borne by the yaw bearings also increase accordingly, which in turn leads to greater alternating loads on the bearing teeth of the yaw bearings. As the yaw process progresses, the drive will rotate together with the nacelle, resulting in greater forces on the first few gears at the front end of the yaw drive, which is extremely likely to cause uneven wear of the gears of the yaw bearing. At the same time, due to the long-term influence of harsh environments such as lubrication, humidity, and temperature difference, cracks or fractures often occur at the edges of the gears. The main methods to solve this problem can be prevention (advance inspection and warning or increased detection frequency), improvement of detection methods, optimization of gear materials, appropriate optimization of gear structures, or adjustment of yaw and pitch angles, etc.
[0031] Increasing the gear inspection frequency can detect problems in advance. However, early detection or increased inspection frequency will increase the maintenance cost of the product and reduce efficiency. Although regular gear inspection can detect problems in time, it cannot monitor in real time whether partial wear occurs, and it is difficult to detect problems with the gear teeth in the first time before the wear reaches the risk critical point. Selecting more wear-resistant materials will increase the difficulty of manufacturing and processes, which also has an adverse impact on costs. Appropriately optimizing the gear structure or adjusting the yaw angle can, to a certain extent, slow down the partial wear of the gear, but may sacrifice the yaw operation efficiency to a certain extent, affecting the functionality of the wind turbine. Further, once partial gear wear occurs locally, there will soon be a risk of fracture, without providing enough warning time.
[0032] It should be noted that during the process of partial wear of the gear in the yaw drive, there is no warning at all. It can only be detected when the partial wear of the gear in the later stage of yaw causes tooth breakage and triggers safety protection shutdown. This often leads to a relatively late discovery of gear failures, causing greater losses.
[0033] The following is introduced in combination with Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1 The present utility model provides a gear structure 100, which includes: a gear 101 of the yaw bearing and a first driving gear 102; the gear 101 of the yaw bearing meshes with the first driving gear 102; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged on the teeth of the first driving gear. In this way, the pressure sensors arranged on the teeth of the driving gear can be used to effectively monitor the meshing pressure between the gear of the yaw bearing and the first driving gear. When a single or multiple pressure sensors exceed the normal meshing force, gear failure reminders can be given in time. And it can also effectively monitor whether partial wear or potential risks occur to the gear driving the yaw bearing, so as to discover problems early, achieve "early discovery and early treatment", reduce the risk frequency of gear deformation, fracture, etc. Furthermore, it can also monitor in real time the position where the gear failure basically occurs, greatly improving the maintenance efficiency.
[0034] In a possible implementation manner, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are arranged in the meshing area of the teeth of the first driving gear.
[0035] Referring to Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2 On the teeth of the first driving gear, a recess 1.3 can be set. This recess is the first recess. The first recess can be used to divide the teeth of the first driving gear into an upper tooth 1.1 and a lower tooth 1.2. It should be noted that the upper tooth 1.1 is the first upper tooth and the lower tooth 1.2 is the first lower tooth. The first pressure sensor is arranged on the first upper tooth, and the second pressure sensor is arranged on the first lower tooth.
[0036] Furthermore, referring to Figure 3, as Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 The gear shown is the first driving gear. The meshing area of the teeth of the first driving gear includes the tooth surface of the first upper tooth and the tooth surface of the first lower tooth. The first pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the first upper tooth, and the second pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the first lower tooth. It should be noted that the first pressure sensor can be the clockwise pressure sensor 2.1, and the clockwise pressure sensor 2.1 is arranged on the tooth surface of the first upper tooth. The second pressure sensor can be the counterclockwise pressure sensor 2.2, and the clockwise pressure sensor 2.2 is arranged on the tooth surface of the second upper tooth. The clockwise pressure sensor 2.1 and the counterclockwise pressure sensor 2.2 are signal-connected to the control system of the driving gear system. The monitoring ranges of the clockwise pressure sensor 2.1 and the counterclockwise pressure sensor 2.2 can cover the pressure when the first driving gear and the gear of the yaw bearing are meshed under extreme conditions and can also cover the direction of the pressure when the first driving gear and the gear of the yaw bearing are meshed. That is to say, the upper limit of the pressure detection of the clockwise pressure sensor 2.1 and the counterclockwise pressure sensor 2.2 is higher than the upper limit of the pressure when the first driving gear and the gear of the yaw bearing are meshed, and the direction of the pressure when the first driving gear and the gear of the yaw bearing are meshed is within the direction range that can be detected by the clockwise pressure sensor 2.1 and the counterclockwise pressure sensor 2.2. In this way, by monitoring the pressure when the meshing driving gear and the gear of the yaw bearing are meshed through the pressure sensor, when a single or multiple pressure sensors exceed the normal gear meshing force, an abnormal signal can be transmitted to the control system for early warning, and it can also remind the user or maintenance personnel to check; when a special situation such as exceeding the limit meshing pressure occurs, braking and shutdown can be carried out.
[0037] It should be emphasized that regarding the arrangement of the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor can also be arranged on the gear of the yaw bearing, or multiple pairs of pressure sensors can be arranged on the gear. Further, multiple pairs of pressure sensors can be evenly and pairwise arranged on the tooth surface of the gear.
[0038] Refer to Figure 4 , as Figure 4 shown, during normal operation, the meshing pressure range between the large gear and the small gear is: [f2, f3]. It should be noted that the large gear can be the gear of the yaw bearing, and the small gear can be the driving gear. Under extreme conditions, the allowable pressure range of the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is [f1, f2] or [f3, f4]. Where f1 to f4 are positive numbers, and f1 to f4 increase in sequence. The following is the process of the specific monitoring strategy:
[0039] Start the operation and monitor the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear. Determine whether the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear during normal operation is within the pressure range of the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear during normal operation: [f2, f3]. If the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear during normal operation is within the pressure range of the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear during normal operation: [f2, f3], then the large gear and the small gear are in normal operation.
[0040] If an abnormal meshing pressure is detected, that is, the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is not within the pressure range of the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear during normal operation: [f2, f3], then it is necessary to determine whether the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is within the pressure ranges [0, f1], [f1, f2], [f3, f4], or [f4, ∞].
[0041] If the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is within the pressure range [f1, f2] or if the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is within the pressure range [f3, f4], then issue a warning and transmit the warning to the monitoring system. This warning can be a warning that power limitation is required, so that professionals can conduct inspections and repairs, and after troubleshooting, start the operation to make the gears continue to run.
[0042] If the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is within the pressure range [0, f1] or if the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is within the pressure range [f4, ∞], at this time, issue a warning and transmit the warning to the monitoring system so that professionals can conduct inspections and repairs. This warning can be a warning that shutdown is required, and after troubleshooting, start the operation to make the gears continue to run.
[0043] It should be noted that the duration of the fault or the frequency of occurrence within the same time period can also be evaluated. For example: the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear exceeds the normal value for 3 minutes continuously, or there are more than 10 abnormal pressure instants (the meshing pressure between the large gear and the small gear is abnormal) within 30 minutes. The specific length range of the defined time and the frequency of occurrence can be determined according to the product design.
[0044] The following introduces the gear structure in this application through a specific gear structure embodiment. See Figure 5 .
[0045] It should be noted that the bearing large gear M is the gear of the yaw bearing, and the drive small gear (group) N can include at least one drive gear. As Figure 5 shown, the figure includes one bearing large gear M and four drive small gear groups, and the four drive small gear groups can include 8 drive gears.
[0046] It is understandable that the gear size of the gear of the yaw bearing is larger than the gear size of the driving gear.
[0047] The following introduces the situation of a gear of a yaw bearing and a set of driving pinions. That is to say, at this time, there is a gear of a yaw bearing (bearing large gear) and two driving pinions, which are the first driving gear and the second driving gear respectively.
[0048] The gear of the yaw bearing meshes with the first driving gear and the second driving gear respectively. It should be noted that the relational structure with the gear of the yaw bearing can refer to the content in the above embodiments.
[0049] A third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are arranged on the teeth of the second driving gear, and the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are arranged in the meshing area of the teeth of the second driving gear.
[0050] The teeth of the second driving gear include a second recess, which is used to divide the teeth of the second driving gear into a second upper tooth and a second lower tooth. The third pressure sensor is arranged on the second upper tooth, and the fourth pressure sensor is arranged on the second lower tooth. The meshing area includes the tooth surface of the second upper tooth and the tooth surface of the second lower tooth. The third pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the second upper tooth, and the fourth pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the second lower tooth.
[0051] It should be noted that the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor in the above content can all be clockwise sensors or counterclockwise sensors, and the sensors are not specifically limited here.
[0052] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising one..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.
[0053] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present utility model. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present utility model. Therefore, this application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A gear structure, characterized in that: The gear structure comprises: a gear of a yaw bearing and a first driving gear; The gear of the yaw bearing is meshed with the first driving gear; The gear teeth of the first driving gear include a first recess, the first recess is used to divide the gear teeth of the first driving gear into a first upper tooth and a first lower tooth, the first upper tooth is provided with a first pressure sensor, and the first lower tooth is provided with a second pressure sensor; the meshing area of the gear teeth of the first driving gear includes a tooth surface of the first upper tooth and a tooth surface of the first lower tooth, the first pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the first upper tooth, and the second pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the first lower tooth; The meshing pressure between the gear of the yaw bearing and the first driving gear is monitored by a pressure sensor, and when the meshing force of a single or multiple pressure sensors exceeds the normal meshing force, a gear fault reminder is issued.
2. The gear structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gear size of the yaw bearing is larger than a gear size of the first driving gear.
3. The gear structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear structure further includes a second driving gear, and the gear of the yaw bearing is meshed with the second driving gear.
4. The gear structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are arranged on the gear teeth of the second driving gear.
5. The gear structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are arranged at a meshing area of gear teeth of the second driving gear.
6. The gear structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are arranged on the gear teeth of the second driving gear, including: The gear teeth of the second driving gear include a second recess, and the second recess is used to divide the gear teeth of the second driving gear into a second upper tooth and a second lower tooth. The second upper tooth is arranged with the third pressure sensor, and the second lower tooth is arranged with the fourth pressure sensor.
7. The gear structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The meshing area of the gear teeth of the second driving gear includes the tooth surface of the second upper tooth and the tooth surface of the second lower tooth. The third pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the second upper tooth, and the fourth pressure sensor is on the tooth surface of the second lower tooth.