Device for separating back plate battery piece and glass of photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module backboard battery piece and glass separating device which comprises a cutting knife, a small scraper knife and a wide scraper knife. The cutting knife comprises a cutting knife blade, a side edge limiting assembly and a cutting depth limiting assembly. The cutting blade is vertically arranged, and the height can be increased and decreased; the side edge limiting assembly can limit the distance a between the cutting blade and the inner side edge of the aluminum frame. The cutting depth limiting assembly can limit the cutting depth h of the cutting blade extending into the photovoltaic module; the small scraper knife comprises a small scraper knife blade and a heating assembly I; the wide scraper knife comprises a scraper knife set and side scraper knives symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the scraper knife set. The scraper knife group comprises a plurality of spliced small scraper knives; each edge shovel blade comprises an edge shovel blade and a second heating assembly. Through combination of the cutting knife, the small scraper knife and the wide scraper knife, separation of the backboard battery piece and the glass is achieved, it is guaranteed that high-value materials subjected to follow-up treatment do not contain impurities such as glass, industrialization is easy, products with high purity can be obtained, and economic benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic recycling, in particular to a device for separating backplane battery cells and glass of a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] The scale of the photovoltaic industry is huge, and the service life of components is 15 - 20 years, facing a large number of component retirements. To prevent the generation of solid waste and environmental pollution, it is necessary to recycle and make full use of the components to achieve energy conservation, environmental protection and value addition.

[0003] As Figure 1 shown, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a module body and an aluminum frame 16 encapsulated around the module body; the module body includes a backplane 11, solar cells 13 and glass 15 arranged in sequence from bottom to top; wherein, encapsulation adhesive films EVA are arranged between the solar cells and the backplane and the glass, namely a lower encapsulation adhesive film EVA12 and an upper encapsulation adhesive film EVA14 respectively; the solar cells include a plurality of mutually welded solar cell blocks.

[0004] Currently, the recycling of photovoltaic modules basically adopts the crushing and separation method. For example, the Chinese invention patent application with the application number 202310465492.0, whose invention name is "A crushing and grinding device for photovoltaic module recycling", includes a fixed bottom plate and a maintenance frame. A crushing box is arranged on the top of the fixed bottom plate, a crushing component is arranged at a position near the top end of the crushing box, two first fixing plates are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the crushing box at the bottom of the crushing component, driving boxes are arranged on both inner walls of the crushing box, a threaded rod and a guide rod are respectively arranged between the driving boxes, a driving member one is arranged between the inside of the driving box and the threaded rod, and two groups of moving members are arranged between the threaded rod and the guide rod. The moving member includes a guide tube, a connecting cross bar and a second fixing plate. Through the combined use of components such as the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, it can adsorb metal waste and does not perform grinding treatment, while waste such as glass can continue to be ground and classified for placement, facilitating use.

[0005] The above recycling device has high equipment consumption, low purity of recycled products, great difficulty in subsequent treatment, and high cost for waste gas treatment. Content of the Utility Model

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a device for separating backplane battery cells and glass of a photovoltaic module aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The device for separating backplane battery cells and glass of a photovoltaic module uses the combination of a cutting knife, a small spatula and a wide spatula to realize the separation of the backplane battery cells and the glass, ensuring that the high-value materials in subsequent treatment do not contain impurities such as glass, being easy to industrialize and obtaining products with relatively high purity, and having remarkable economic benefits.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0008] A device for separating the backsheet battery cells of a photovoltaic module from glass, comprising a cutting knife, a small spatula and a wide spatula.

[0009] The cutting knife includes a cutting blade, a side limiting component and a cutting depth limiting component.

[0010] The cutting blade is arranged vertically and its height can be adjusted.

[0011] The side limiting component can limit the distance a between the cutting blade and the inner side of the aluminum frame in the photovoltaic module.

[0012] The cutting depth limiting component can limit the cutting depth h of the cutting blade extending into the photovoltaic module.

[0013] The small spatula includes a small spatula blade and a heating component I; the small spatula blade is arranged obliquely, and the heating component I can heat the small spatula blade.

[0014] The wide spatula includes a spatula group and side spatulas symmetrically arranged on both sides of the spatula group.

[0015] The spatula group includes several spliced small spatulas.

[0016] Each side spatula includes a side spatula blade and a heating component II; the side spatula blade is arranged obliquely and has an extended and exposed sharp corner; the heating component II can heat the side spatula blade.

[0017] The cutting knife includes a front cutting knife and a rear cutting knife; the front cutting knife and the rear cutting knife are mirror-symmetrical structures.

[0018] The cutting blades in the front cutting knife and the rear cutting knife both have an extended front edge, and the height of the extended front edge is equal to the cutting depth h.

[0019] The cutting blade and the side limiting component are located on the same side of the cutting knife.

[0020] The side limiting component is two side ball bearings; the two side ball bearings are arranged on the side wall of the cutting knife on the same side as the cutting knife; the exposed height of each side ball bearing is a.

[0021] a = 1 mm.

[0022] The cutting depth limiting component includes a pressing block and at least three bottom ball bearings.

[0023] All the bottom ball bearings are evenly arranged at the bottom of the cutting knife.

[0024] The cutting blade is arranged on the side wall of the pressing block, and the cutting blade can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the pressing block; the height difference between the bottom of the cutting blade and the bottom surface of the pressing block is h.

[0025] The cutting depth h is the sum of the heights of the backsheet, solar cells, and two layers of encapsulant EVA in the photovoltaic module.

[0026] Each edge spatula blade and each small spatula blade have the same inclination angle, and the shoveling depth is h.

[0027] Both heating component one and heating component two include heating rods and temperature sensors.

[0028] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] This application uses the combination of a cutter, small spatula, and wide spatula to separate the backsheet cells and glass, ensuring that the high-value materials in subsequent processing do not contain impurities such as glass, facilitating industrialization and obtaining products with high purity, and having significant economic benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 Shows an exploded schematic view of the photovoltaic module.

[0031] Figure 2 Shows a schematic view of the H-shaped cutting seam formed by cutting the backsheet of the photovoltaic module in this application with a cutter.

[0032] Figure 3 Shows the three-dimensional structure of the front cutter in this application Figure 1 .

[0033] Figure 4 Shows the three-dimensional structure of the front cutter in this application Figure 2 .

[0034] Figure 5 Shows the three-dimensional structure diagram of the rear cutter in this application.

[0035] Figure 6 Shows the three-dimensional structure diagram of the small spatula in this application.

[0036] Figure 7 Shows the three-dimensional structure diagram of the wide spatula in this application.

[0037] Figure 8 Shows a partially enlarged structure diagram of the edge spatula blade in the wide spatula in this application.

[0038] Figure 9 Shows a schematic view of the structure of the wide spatula shoveling the backsheet cells from the middle to both sides in this application.

[0039] Among them:

[0040] 10. Photovoltaic module; 11. Backsheet; 12. Lower encapsulant EVA; 13. Solar cells; 14. Upper encapsulant EVA; 15. Glass; 16. Aluminum frame;

[0041] 21. Starting cutting seam; 22. Transverse cutting seam; 23. Middle cutting seam;

[0042] 30. Front cutter; 31. Cutter blade; 311. Extended front edge; 32. Side ball; 33. Bottom ball; 34. Pressing block;

[0043] 40. Small spatula; 41. Small spatula blade; 42. Heating rod I; 43. Temperature sensor I; 44. Bottom ball II; 45. Keyway;

[0044] 50. Wide spatula;

[0045] 51. Spatula group;

[0046] 52. Edge spatula;

[0047] 521. Edge spatula blade; 522. Sharp corner; 523. Heating rod II; 524. Temperature sensor II; 525. Bottom ball III. Detailed implementation mode

[0048] The following further describes the present utility model in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred implementation modes.

[0049] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc. is the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First", "second", etc. do not represent the importance of components, so it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present utility model. The specific dimensions adopted in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0050] As Figures 2 to 9 shown, a device for separating the backsheet battery cells and glass of a photovoltaic module includes a cutter, a small spatula 40 and a wide spatula 50.

[0051] As Figures 3 to 5 shown, the cutter includes a front cutter 30 and a rear cutter; the front cutter and the rear cutter are mirror-symmetric structures.

[0052] Both the front cutter and the rear cutter include a cutter blade 31, a side limit component and a cutting depth limit component.

[0053] The cutter blade is vertically arranged and its height can be adjusted.

[0054] The cutting blades in the front cutting knife and the rear cutting knife both have an extended leading edge 311, and the height of the extended leading edge is equal to the cutting depth h. The cutting depth h is the sum of the heights of the backsheet, the solar cell, and the two layers of encapsulation adhesive film EVA in the photovoltaic module. In this embodiment, h is preferably 3.2 - 5 mm.

[0055] The side limiting component can limit the distance a between the cutting blade and the inner side of the aluminum frame in the photovoltaic module; the side limiting component and the cutting blade are located on the same side of the cutting knife. The side limiting component is preferably two side balls 32; the two side balls are arranged on the side wall of the cutting knife on the same side as the cutting knife; the exposed height of each side ball is a, and in this embodiment, it is preferably 1 mm.

[0056] The cutting depth limiting component can limit the cutting depth h of the cutting blade extending into the photovoltaic module. The cutting depth limiting component preferably includes a pressing block 34 and at least three bottom balls 33.

[0057] All the bottom balls are evenly arranged at the bottom of the cutting knife.

[0058] The cutting blade is arranged on the side wall of the pressing block, and the cutting blade can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the pressing block; the height difference between the bottom of the cutting blade and the bottom surface of the pressing block is h.

[0059] As Figure 6 shown, the small spatula includes a small spatula blade 41 and a heating component one; the small spatula blade is arranged obliquely, and the heating component one can heat the small spatula blade.

[0060] The heating component one preferably includes a heating rod one 42 and a temperature sensor one 43. Among them, the heating rod one 42 heats the small spatula blade, and the temperature sensor one 43 monitors the heating temperature of the small spatula blade.

[0061] Furthermore, a number of bottom balls two 44 are arranged on the bottom surface of the small spatula. When the small spatula slides and moves, it can cooperate with the inclination angle and the exposed length of the small spatula blade, so as to control the shoveling depth h of the small spatula, which is preferably 3.2 - 5 mm.

[0062] Furthermore, a keyway 45 is arranged at the rear side of the top of each small spatula, which is used for assembling all the small spatulas with channel steel placed in the keyway in the subsequent wide spatula.

[0063] As Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, the wide spatula includes a spatula group 51 and side spatulas 52 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the spatula group.

[0064] The spatula group includes a number of spliced small spatulas.

[0065] Each side spatula includes a side spatula blade 521 and a heating component two; the side spatula blade is arranged obliquely and has an extended and exposed sharp corner 522.

[0066] The second heating component can heat the edge shovel blade; the second heating component preferably includes a second heating rod 523 and a second temperature sensor 524. Among them, the second heating rod heats the edge shovel blade, and the second temperature sensor monitors the heating temperature of the edge shovel blade.

[0067] Furthermore, a plurality of bottom balls three 525 are arranged on the bottom surface of the edge shovel blade, which can cooperate with the inclination angle and the exposed length of the edge shovel blade while the edge shovel blade slides and walks, so as to control the shoveling depth h of the edge shovel blade, preferably 3.2-5 mm.

[0068] Furthermore, a keyway is arranged at the rear side of the top of each edge shovel blade, which is used for assembling the edge shovel blade and the small shovel blade by using a channel steel placed in the keyway in the subsequent wide shovel blade.

[0069] A method for separating the backsheet cell of a photovoltaic module from glass includes the following steps.

[0070] Step 1, Fixing the photovoltaic module: Place the backsheet of the photovoltaic module upward, place it horizontally and fix its position.

[0071] Step 2, Separating the backsheet cell from the aluminum frame: Use a cutter to separate the backsheet cell from the inner periphery of the aluminum frame; among them, the aluminum frame has four inner sides, which are side A, side B, side C and side D in clockwise order; among them, both side A and side C are long sides.

[0072] The above method for separating the backsheet cell from the aluminum frame preferably includes the following steps.

[0073] Step 2-1, Positioning the horizontal position of the front cutter: Move the front cutter to side A and make the side limiting component of the front cutter contact side A; at this time, the distance between the cutting blade of the front cutter and side A is limited to a, preferably 1 mm.

[0074] Step 2-2, Determining the starting cutting point of the front cutter: Select the set point H in the middle of side A as the starting cutting point, and use the perpendicular line of side A passing through H as the starting cutting line; the front cutter moves along side A while ensuring that the side limiting component is always in contact with side A, so that the front end face of the outer extension leading edge of the cutting blade in the front cutter aligns with the starting cutting line.

[0075] Step 2-3, Determining the cutting depth of the front cutter: The height of the cutting blade of the front cutter drops, and under the action of the cutting depth limiting component, the depth of the cutting blade extending into the photovoltaic module is h; among them, the cutting depth h is the sum of the heights of the backsheet, the solar cell and the two layers of encapsulation glue film EVA in the photovoltaic module. Among them, preferably h = 3.2-5 mm.

[0076] Step 2-4, First cutting of Side A: While ensuring that the side limiting component is always in contact with Side A, the front cutter moves along Side A to Side B, and makes the outer extending leading edge of the middle cutting blade of the front cutter extend into Side B.

[0077] Step 2-5, Second cutting of Side A: Referring to the methods in Steps 2-1 to 2-3, position the rear cutter horizontally, determine the starting cutting point and the cutting depth; then, while ensuring that the side limiting component is always in contact with Side A, the rear cutter moves along Side A to Side D, and makes the outer extending leading edge of the middle cutting blade of the rear cutter extend into Side D, thereby completing the separation of the backplane cell from Side A.

[0078] Step 2-6, Repeat Steps 2-1 to 2-5 to complete the separation of Side B, Side C, and Side D from the backplane respectively, and further complete the separation of the backplane cell from the entire aluminum frame.

[0079] Step 3, Cutting the middle backplane cell: Use a cutter to cut an H-shaped cutting seam with a width of b in the middle of the backplane; the H-shaped cutting seam includes a horizontal cutting seam, a middle cutting seam, and a starting cutting seam; among them, both the horizontal cutting seam and the starting cutting seam are parallel to Side B or Side D; the middle cutting seam is parallel to Side A or Side C, with a length of b, preferably 6 mm.

[0080] As Figure 2 shown, the method for cutting the middle backplane cell preferably includes the following steps.

[0081] Step 3-1, Assume that the starting cutting line is along the width direction of the aluminum frame, then use the front cutter and / or the rear cutter to cut along the starting cutting line to form a starting cutting seam 21.

[0082] Step 3-2, In the middle of the starting cutting seam, use the front cutter and / or the rear cutter to vertically cut a middle cutting seam 23 with a side length of b; where the side length of b is equal to the width of the small spatula. Further, the side length of b is preferably less than or greater than the width of the solar cell block in the solar cell, so as to avoid the welding tape between two adjacent solar cell blocks and extend the service life of the cutting blade.

[0083] Step 3-3, Use the front cutter and / or the rear cutter to cut a horizontal cutting seam 22 that passes through the end point of the middle cutting seam and is spaced b from the starting cutting seam; the horizontal cutting seam, the middle cutting seam, and the starting cutting seam together form an H-shaped cutting seam.

[0084] Step 4, Separating the middle backplane cell: Use a small spatula to heat and melt the encapsulation glue film EVA in the H-shaped cutting seam, and separate and remove the middle backplane cell in the H-shaped cutting seam from the bottom glass, thereby forming a horizontal groove with a width of b.

[0085] The above method for separating the middle backplane solar cells preferably includes the following steps.

[0086] Step 4-1: First separation of the middle backplane solar cells: Insert the small shovel blade of the small shovel into the middle cutting seam and move it towards side A, and heat the small shovel blade to the set temperature T; then, move the small shovel towards side A, so that the middle backplane solar cells on the left side of the H-shaped cutting seam are separated from the glass and removed from the top of the small shovel; wherein, the set temperature T is greater than the melting temperature of the encapsulation adhesive film EVA. Preferably, the set temperature T is 120-150°C, and more preferably 120°C.

[0087] Step 4-2: Second separation of the middle backplane solar cells: Insert the small shovel blade of the small shovel into the middle cutting seam and move it towards side C; then, move the small shovel towards side C, so that the middle backplane solar cells on the right side of the H-shaped cutting seam are separated from the glass and removed from the top of the small shovel, thus completing the separation of the entire middle backplane solar cells from the glass and forming a horizontal groove with a width of b in the middle of the backplane.

[0088] Step 5: Assemble the wide shovel: Splice several small shovels to form a shovel group; assemble one side shovel on each side of the shovel group to form a wide shovel.

[0089] Step 6: Remove the remaining backplane solar cells: Move the wide shovel into the horizontal groove, insert all the small shovel blades and all the side shovel blades in the wide shovel into the backplane to a set depth from the horizontal groove; then, heat all the small shovel blades and all the side shovel blades in the wide shovel to the set temperature T; finally, move the wide shovel towards side B or side D to separate all the remaining backplane solar cells from the glass.

[0090] The above method for removing the remaining backplane solar cells preferably includes the following steps.

[0091] Step 6-1: Adjust the horizontal position of the wide shovel: Move the wide shovel from the length direction of the photovoltaic module towards the backplane until it touches the backplane, rotate the wide shovel, and adjust the horizontal position of the wide shovel so that the sharp corners of the side shovel blades of the side shovels in the wide shovel extend into the inner side of the aluminum frame and are centered.

[0092] Step 6-2: Determine the shoveling depth of the wide shovel: Move the wide shovel into the horizontal groove, and insert all the small shovel blades and all the side shovel blades in the wide shovel into the backplane to a set depth from the horizontal groove; at this time, the bottoms of all the small shovel blades and all the side shovel blades are in contact with the glass surface.

[0093] Step 6-3: Heat the wide shovel: Heat all the small shovel blades and all the side shovel blades in the wide shovel to the set temperature T to melt the encapsulation adhesive film EVA between the glass and the solar cells.

[0094] Step 6-4, primary scraping: The wide scraper moves from the transverse groove towards side B to the inner side of side B, thereby separating the backplane and solar cells between the transverse groove and side B from the glass, and sending them out along the inclined plane of the wide scraper body.

[0095] Step 6-5, secondary scraping: The wide scraper changes its direction and moves to the transverse groove; repeat steps 6-2 to 6-3, the wide scraper moves from the transverse groove towards side D to the inner side of side D, thereby separating the backplane and solar cells between the transverse groove and side D from the glass, and sending them out along the inclined plane of the wide scraper body.

[0096] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device, characterized in that: Includes cutting knives, small spatulas and wide spatulas; The cutting knife includes a cutting blade, a side limit assembly and a cutting depth limit assembly; The cutting blades are arranged vertically and can be raised or lowered; The side limit assembly can limit the distance a between the cutting blade and the inner side of the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic module; The cutting depth limiting component can limit the cutting depth h of the cutting blade extending into the photovoltaic module; The small shovel blade includes a small shovel blade and a heating component; the small shovel blade is arranged obliquely, and the heating component can heat the small shovel blade; the wide shovel blade includes a shovel blade group and side shovel blades symmetrically arranged on both sides of the shovel blade group; The blade set includes a number of spliced ​​small blades; Each side scraper comprises a side scraper blade and a second heating component; the side scraper blade is arranged obliquely and has an extended and exposed sharp corner; the second heating component can heat the side scraper blade.

2. The photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting knife comprises a front cutting knife and a rear cutting knife; the front cutting knife and the rear cutting knife are mirror-symmetrical structures.

3. The photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting blades in the front cutting knife and the rear cutting knife both have an extended front edge, and the height of the extended front edge is equal to the cutting depth h.

4. The photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting blade and the side stop assembly are located on the same side of the cutting knife.

5. The photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side limit assembly is two side balls; the two side balls are arranged on the side wall of the cutter on the same side as the cutter; the exposed height of each side ball is a.

6. The photovoltaic module back panel cell sheet and glass separation device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: a=1mm.

7. The photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting depth limit assembly includes a pressure block and at least three bottom balls; All bottom balls are evenly distributed at the bottom of the cutter; The cutting blade is arranged on the side wall of the pressing block, and the cutting blade can rise and fall synchronously with the pressing block; the height difference between the bottom of the cutting blade and the bottom surface of the pressing block is h.

8. The photovoltaic module back panel cell sheet and glass separation device according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The cutting depth h is the sum of the heights of the back sheet, solar cell and two layers of encapsulation film EVA in the photovoltaic module.

9. The photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of each side shovel blade and each small shovel blade is the same, and the shoveling depth is h.

10. The photovoltaic module back panel cell and glass separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating component 1 and the heating component 2 both include a heating rod and a temperature sensor.

Images