Gas rectifying mechanism for laser processing head and laser processing head

Abstract

The gas rectifying mechanism comprises a body and an annular sleeve, the body is provided with a cavity and a gas inlet channel, an annular protrusion is further arranged in the cavity, a flow guide cavity is formed in the annular sleeve, the annular protrusion and the wall face of the flow guide cavity are enclosed to form a flow guide channel, and the flow guide channel is communicated with the annular protrusion. An annular cavity is defined by the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the wall face of the cavity. The annular cavity comprises a first annular section, a second annular section and a third annular section, gas enters the annular cavity through the gas inlet channel and is stored in the first annular section by a circle, and due to the fact that the circulation sectional area of the second annular section is smaller than that of the first annular section, the turbulence degree of gas flow can be reduced after the gas passes through the second annular section, and the gas flow efficiency is improved. And finally, the gas flow is gathered in a nozzle of the laser processing head to blow out the gas flow, so that smooth blowing out of the cutting gas is realized, sufficient kinetic energy of the cutting gas can be ensured, and reverse slag dirt splashed to the nozzle is blown out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a gas rectifying mechanism and a laser processing head for a laser processing head. Background Art

[0002] In laser cutting applications, the protective mirror inside the laser processing head is easily contaminated by slag backflow. When the protective mirror is contaminated, the stray light increases, weakening the energy of the laser, resulting in unstable cutting and the workpiece cannot be cut through and slag hangs. When the pollutants accumulate to a certain extent, the protective mirror is easily burned out. Once the protective mirror is burned out, the laser processing head cannot work properly and the protective mirror needs to be replaced in time, increasing the use cost. More seriously, when the diameter of the slag backflow pollutants is relatively large, it may break through the protective mirror. If the slag backflow breaks through the protective mirror, it will cause the entire laser cutting optical system to fail under impact, and the maintenance cost is very high. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a gas rectifying mechanism and a laser processing head for a laser processing head, aiming to solve the problem that the protective mirror inside the existing laser processing head is easily contaminated by slag backflow.

[0004] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a gas rectifying mechanism for a laser processing head. The gas rectifying mechanism includes a body and an annular sleeve. The body is provided with a cavity and an air inlet channel communicating with the cavity. An annular protrusion is further provided in the cavity. A diversion cavity is provided in the annular sleeve. A diversion channel is formed by the enclosure of the annular protrusion and the wall surface of the diversion cavity. An annular cavity is formed by the enclosure of the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the wall surface of the cavity. The air inlet channel is communicated with the annular cavity, the diversion channel and the diversion cavity in sequence.

[0005] The annular cavity includes a first annular section, a second annular section and a third annular section which are communicated in sequence from the air inlet channel to the diversion channel. The flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section is smaller than that of the first annular section and smaller than that of the third annular section.

[0006] In one embodiment, the gas flow direction in the diversion cavity is along the axial direction of the annular sleeve, and the gas flow direction in the annular cavity is along the axial direction of the annular sleeve and opposite to the gas flow direction in the diversion cavity.

[0007] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the second annular section is an arc surface or a conical surface.

[0008] An annular boss is formed on the outer wall of the annular sleeve, and the annular boss and the wall surface of the cavity enclose to form the second annular section; alternatively, an annular boss is formed on the wall surface of the cavity, and the annular boss and the outer wall of the annular sleeve enclose to form the second annular section.

[0009] In one embodiment, the flow cross-sectional area of the first annular section is larger than that of the third annular section; and / or,

[0010] In the first annular section, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the wall surface of the cavity is a first spacing dimension, in the second annular section, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the wall surface of the cavity is a second spacing dimension, and in the third annular section, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the wall surface of the cavity is a third spacing dimension. The second spacing dimension is smaller than the third spacing dimension, and the third spacing dimension is smaller than the first spacing dimension.

[0011] In one embodiment, a guiding surface is formed on one side of the annular protrusion facing the annular sleeve, and the extending direction of the axial section of the guiding surface forms an angle of 30° to 40° with the axial direction of the annular sleeve; and / or,

[0012] The first annular section is a through annular electrical cavity or a plurality of mutually connected fan-shaped electrical cavities.

[0013] In one embodiment, the air inlet channel includes an air inlet hole and an air inlet cavity. The air inlet cavity is annular and is arranged around the first annular section. The air inlet hole communicates the air inlet cavity and the first annular section;

[0014] The flow cross-sectional areas of both the first annular section and the air inlet cavity are larger than that of the air inlet hole.

[0015] In one embodiment, a plurality of air inlet holes are provided and are circumferentially spaced apart on the first annular section;

[0016] The diameter dimension of the air inlet hole is D, and the axial dimension at the junction of the third annular section and the diversion channel is L, where 0.5D < L < 1.2D.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a laser processing head, which includes a nozzle, a protective mirror, and the gas rectifying mechanism for the laser processing head according to any of the above embodiments;

[0018] The nozzle and the protective mirror are respectively arranged at the axial two ends of the gas rectifying mechanism.

[0019] In one embodiment, a gas passage, a conical passage, a first straight passage, and a second straight passage are sequentially connected in the axial direction from the diversion cavity to the nozzle. Among them, the radial cross-sections of the gas passage and the conical passage gradually decrease from the diversion cavity to the nozzle, and the radial cross-sections of the first straight passage and the second straight passage remain unchanged from the diversion cavity to the nozzle.

[0020] In one embodiment, a cooling passage is further provided in the main body, and the outlet of the cooling passage is used to blow air to the nozzle; and / or,

[0021] The laser processing head further includes a ceramic ring and a locking ring. The ceramic ring is installed at the end of the main body through the locking ring, and the nozzle is installed at the end of the ceramic ring.

[0022] Adopting the embodiment of the present utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] By adopting the gas rectifying mechanism and the laser processing head for the laser processing head of the present utility model, the gas enters the annular cavity through the air inlet passage and stores the gas in the first annular section for one circle. Since the flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section is smaller than that of the first annular section, the turbulence of the gas flow can be reduced after the gas passes through the second annular section, so that the gas can be transmitted uniformly and stably. The gas then flows smoothly through the third annular section, the diversion passage, and the diversion cavity, and finally converges at the nozzle of the laser processing head to blow out the gas flow, realizing the smooth blowing out of the cutting gas, thereby ensuring sufficient kinetic energy of the cutting gas and blowing out the slag and dirt splashing towards the nozzle, solving the problem that the protective mirror in the existing laser processing head is easily contaminated by the slag and dirt. Description of the Drawings

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Among them:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the laser processing head in one embodiment.

[0027] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 The enlarged schematic view of part A in

[0028] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the gas rectifying mechanism in the laser processing head in one embodiment.

[0029] Figure 4 is Figure 1 The enlarged schematic view of part B in

[0030] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the gas path of the laser processing head in an embodiment.

[0031] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the gas path at the gas rectifying mechanism in the laser processing head of an embodiment.

[0032] Figure 7 The partial enlarged view of the gas path at the gas rectifying mechanism in the laser processing head of an embodiment.

[0033] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10, nozzle; 20, protective mirror; 30, gas rectifying mechanism; 40, pantograph seal; 50, sealing ring; 60, ceramic ring; 70, locking ring; 100, body; 110, cavity; 120, intake channel; 121, intake hole; 122, intake cavity; 130, annular protrusion; 131, diversion channel; 132, guiding surface; 140, cooling channel; 150, gas channel; 200, annular sleeve; 210, diversion cavity; 220, annular cavity; 221, first annular section; 222, second annular section; 223, third annular section; 230, annular boss; 301, conical channel; 302, first straight channel; 303, second straight channel. Specific embodiments

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0036] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present utility model are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the said features. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present utility model.

[0037] An embodiment of the present utility model discloses a laser processing head, which can perform laser processing operations such as laser cutting and laser welding on a workpiece. Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , the laser processing head of one embodiment includes a laser head, a nozzle 10, a protective mirror 20, and a gas rectifying mechanism 30. The nozzle 10 and the protective mirror 20 are respectively arranged at the axial two ends of the gas rectifying mechanism 30. The gas rectifying mechanism 30 can supply the protective gas below the protective mirror 20 and convey it to the nozzle 10 for ejection from below the protective mirror 20. The laser beam generated by the laser head can pass through the protective mirror 20 and finally be ejected from the nozzle 10, so as to perform laser processing on the workpiece through the laser beam.

[0038] In this embodiment, the gas rectifying mechanism 30 includes a main body 100 and an annular sleeve 200. The main body 100 is provided with a cavity 110 and an air inlet channel 120 communicating with the cavity 110. An annular protrusion 130 is further provided in the cavity 110. A diversion cavity 210 is provided in the annular sleeve 200. A diversion channel 131 is formed by the enclosure of the annular protrusion 130 and the wall surface of the diversion cavity 210. An annular cavity 220 is formed by the enclosure of the outer wall of the annular sleeve 200 and the wall surface of the cavity 110. The air inlet channel 120 is sequentially communicated with the annular cavity 220, the diversion channel 131, and the diversion cavity 210.

[0039] In this embodiment, the annular cavity 220 includes a first annular section 221, a second annular section 222, and a third annular section 223 that are sequentially communicated in the direction from the air inlet channel 120 to the diversion channel 131. The flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section 222 is smaller than that of the first annular section 221 and smaller than that of the third annular section 223.

[0040] It can be understood that the gas enters the annular cavity 220 through the air inlet channel 120 and stores the gas in the first annular section 221 for one circle. Since the flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section 222 is smaller than that of the first annular section 221, the gas can reduce the turbulence degree of the gas flow after passing through the second annular section 222, so that the gas can be transmitted uniformly and stably. Then the gas flows smoothly through the third annular section 223, the diversion channel 131 and the diversion cavity 210, and finally converges at the nozzle 10 of the laser processing head to blow out the gas flow, realizing the smooth blowing out of the cutting gas. Thus, it can ensure that the kinetic energy of the cutting gas is sufficient to blow out the slag and dirt splashing towards the nozzle 10, solve the problem that the protective mirror 20 in the existing laser processing head is easily contaminated by the slag and dirt, and further extend the service life of the protective mirror 20, reduce the cutting instability phenomenon caused by stray light, and thus ensure the stability and reliability of laser cutting and laser welding.

[0041] In an embodiment, the laser processing head further includes a pantograph seal 40 and a sealing ring 50. The protective mirror 20 is installed at the end of the gas rectifying mechanism 30 through the pantograph seal 40. The sealing ring 50 is elastically sealed between the main body 100 and the annular sleeve 200. Specifically, a gas channel 150 communicating with the diversion cavity 210 is further provided in the main body 100. The gas channel 150 communicates the diversion cavity 210 and the nozzle 10, and the radial cross-sectional area of the diversion cavity 210 gradually decreases along the gas flow direction.

[0042] In an embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , the gas flow direction in the diversion cavity 210 is along the axial direction of the annular sleeve 200. The gas flow direction in the annular cavity 220 is along the axial direction of the annular sleeve 200 and is opposite to the gas flow direction in the diversion cavity 210. Through the setting of the diversion channel 131, the change of the gas flow direction can be realized, so that the gas flow direction in the diversion cavity 210 is parallel to the transmission direction of the laser beam, thus avoiding damage to the protective mirror 20.

[0043] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a guiding surface 132 is formed on the side of the annular protrusion 130 facing the annular sleeve 200. The extending direction of the axial section of the guiding surface 132 forms an angle of 30° to 40° with the axial direction of the annular sleeve 200, so that the diversion channel 131 can guide the gas flow into the diversion cavity 210 at a corresponding angle, thus avoiding damage to the protective mirror 20. Please refer to the attached Figure 3 figure, where the angle α in the figure is the angle between the extending direction of the axial section of the guiding surface 132 and the axial direction of the annular sleeve 200.

[0044] Specifically, the axial cross-section of the guiding surface 132 is arranged at an angle of 30°, 32°, 34°, 36°, 38° or 40° with the axial direction of the annular sleeve 200. Of course, in other embodiments, the axial cross-section of the guiding surface 132 can also be arranged at an angle of 25°, 28°, 43°, 45° or other angles with the axial direction of the annular sleeve 200.

[0045] In one embodiment, the first annular section 221 is a through annular electrical cavity or a plurality of mutually connected sector-shaped electrical cavities, and its main function is for electrical storage.

[0046] In one embodiment, the flow cross-sectional area of the first annular section 221 is larger than that of the third annular section 223.

[0047] In this embodiment, the second annular section 222 can have various implementation manners. The inner wall of the second annular section 222 is an arc surface or a conical surface.

[0048] In one implementation manner, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , an annular boss 230 is formed on the outer wall of the annular sleeve 200, and the annular boss 230 and the wall surface of the cavity 110 enclose to form the second annular section 222. By setting it like this, the flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section 222 can be made smaller than that of the first annular section 221. Therefore, after the gas passes through the second annular section 222, the turbulence of the gas flow can be reduced, so that the gas can be transmitted uniformly and stably.

[0049] In another implementation manner, an annular boss 230 is formed on the wall surface of the cavity 110, and the annular boss 230 and the outer wall of the annular sleeve 200 enclose to form the second annular section 222. By setting it like this, the flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section 222 can be made smaller than that of the first annular section 221. Therefore, after the gas passes through the second annular section 222, the turbulence of the gas flow can be reduced, so that the gas can be transmitted uniformly and stably.

[0050] In yet another implementation manner, a first boss is formed on the outer wall of the annular sleeve 200, and a second boss is formed on the wall surface of the cavity 110. The first boss and the second boss enclose to form the second annular section 222. By setting it like this, the flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section 222 can be made smaller than that of the first annular section 221. Therefore, after the gas passes through the second annular section 222, the turbulence of the gas flow can be reduced, so that the gas can be transmitted uniformly and stably.

[0051] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 4, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve 200 and the wall surface of the cavity 110 in the first annular section 221 is the first spacing dimension, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve 200 and the wall surface of the cavity 110 in the second annular section 222 is the second spacing dimension, and the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve 200 and the wall surface of the cavity 110 in the third annular section 223 is the third spacing dimension. The second spacing dimension is less than the third spacing dimension, and the third spacing dimension is less than the first spacing dimension. By setting it in this way, the flow cross-sectional area of the second annular section 222 can be made smaller than that of the first annular section 221. Therefore, the turbulence of the gas flow can be reduced after the gas passes through the second annular section 222, so that the gas can be transmitted uniformly and stably.

[0052] In one embodiment, please also refer to Figures 5 to 7 , the intake passage 120 includes an intake hole 121 and an intake cavity 122. The intake cavity 122 is annular and is disposed around the first annular section 221. The intake hole 121 communicates the intake cavity 122 and the first annular section 221; the flow cross-sectional areas of both the first annular section 221 and the intake cavity 122 are larger than the flow cross-sectional area of the intake hole 121.

[0053] By setting it in this way, the gas flow stores in the intake cavity 122 for one circle, enters the first annular section 221 through the intake hole 121, and the turbulence of the gas flow can be reduced after passing through the second annular section 222, so that the gas can be transmitted uniformly and stably, thereby ensuring sufficient kinetic energy of the cutting gas to blow out the slag and dirt splashing towards the nozzle 10, and solving the problem that the protective mirror 20 in the existing laser processing head is easily contaminated by the slag and dirt.

[0054] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a plurality of intake holes 121 are provided and are circumferentially spaced apart on the first annular section 221. The diameter dimension of the intake hole 121 is D, and the axial dimension at the intersection of the third annular section 223 and the diversion channel 131 is L, where 0.5D < L < 1.2D. By setting it in this way, the energy loss of the gas flow can be reduced, the pressure resistance can be lowered, and the gas kinetic energy can be ensured to be sufficient, so as to ensure that the gas flow ejected from the nozzle 10 can blow out the slag and dirt. Specifically, L = 0.6D, 0.7D, 1.0D or 1.1D.

[0055] In one embodiment, a cooling channel 140 is further provided in the body 100. The outlet of the cooling channel 140 is used to blow air to the nozzle 10 to cool the nozzle 10. Specifically, the laser processing head further includes a ceramic ring 60 and a locking ring 70. The ceramic ring 60 is installed at the end of the body 100 through the locking ring 70, and the nozzle 10 is installed at the end of the ceramic ring 60.

[0056] In one embodiment, a gas passage 150, a conical passage 301, a first straight passage 302, and a second straight passage 303 are sequentially connected in the axial direction from the diversion cavity 210 to the nozzle 10. Among them, the radial cross-sections of the gas passage 150 and the conical passage 301 gradually decrease from the diversion cavity 210 to the nozzle 10, and the radial cross-sections of the first straight passage 302 and the second straight passage 303 remain unchanged from the diversion cavity 210 to the nozzle 10. By such an arrangement, the gas in the diversion cavity 210 is smoothly transmitted to the nozzle 10 and ejected.

[0057] The above-disclosed are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head, characterized in that: The gas rectification mechanism comprises a body and an annular sleeve, the body is provided with a cavity and an air inlet channel connected with the cavity, the cavity is further provided with an annular protrusion, a flow guide cavity is provided in the annular sleeve, the annular protrusion and the wall surface of the flow guide cavity are enclosed to form a flow guide channel, the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the wall surface of the cavity are enclosed to form an annular cavity, the air inlet channel is connected with the annular cavity, the flow guide channel and the flow guide cavity in sequence; The annular cavity includes a first annular segment, a second annular segment and a third annular segment which are sequentially connected from the air inlet channel to the guide channel, and a flow cross-sectional area of ​​the second annular segment is smaller than a flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first annular segment and smaller than a flow cross-sectional area of ​​the third annular segment.

2. The gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas flow direction in the guide cavity is along the axial direction of the annular sleeve, and the gas flow direction in the annular cavity is along the axial direction of the annular sleeve and is opposite to the gas flow direction in the guide cavity.

3. The gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the second annular segment is an arc surface or a conical surface; The outer wall of the annular sleeve is formed with an annular boss, and the annular boss and the wall surface of the cavity are combined to form the second annular segment; or the wall surface of the cavity is formed with an annular boss, and the annular boss and the outer wall of the annular sleeve are combined to form the second annular segment.

4. The gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first annular segment is greater than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the third annular segment; and / or, In the first annular segment, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the cavity wall is a first spacing dimension, in the second annular segment, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the cavity wall is a second spacing dimension, and in the third annular segment, the distance between the outer wall of the annular sleeve and the cavity wall is a third spacing dimension, the second spacing dimension is smaller than the third spacing dimension, and the third spacing dimension is smaller than the first spacing dimension.

5. The gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular protrusion is formed with a guide surface on one side facing the annular sleeve, and the extending direction of the axial cross section of the guide surface is arranged at an angle of 30° to 40° with the axial direction of the annular sleeve; and / or, The first annular segment is a through annular gas storage cavity or a plurality of fan-shaped gas storage cavities interconnected.

6. The gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet passage comprises an air inlet hole and an air inlet cavity, the air inlet cavity is annular and arranged around the first annular segment, and the air inlet hole communicates with the air inlet cavity and the first annular segment; The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first annular segment and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the air inlet cavity are both larger than the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the air inlet hole.

7. The gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air inlet holes are provided in plurality and are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the first annular segment; The diameter of the air inlet is D, and the axial dimension of the junction between the third annular segment and the guide channel is L, 0.5D <L<1.2D。 8. A laser processing head, characterized in that: The laser processing head comprises a nozzle, a protective mirror and a gas rectification mechanism for a laser processing head according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The nozzle and the protective mirror are respectively arranged at two axial ends of the gas rectifying mechanism.

9. The laser processing head according to claim 8, characterized in that: The guide cavity is also connected to a gas channel, a tapered channel, a first straight channel and a second straight channel in the axial direction from the guide cavity to the nozzle in sequence, wherein radial cross-sections of the gas channel and the tapered channel gradually decrease from the guide cavity to the nozzle, and radial cross-sections of the first straight channel and the second straight channel remain unchanged from the guide cavity to the nozzle.

10. The laser processing head according to claim 8, characterized in that: A cooling channel is also provided in the body, and an outlet of the cooling channel is used to blow air to the nozzle; and / or, The laser processing head also includes a ceramic ring and a locking ring. The ceramic ring is installed on the end of the body through the locking ring, and the nozzle is installed on the end of the ceramic ring.

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