Universal machining tool for disc cavity of swing bolster of railway freight train
By designing a general processing tool for the pillow disc cavity of railway freight trains, the problems of inaccurate positioning, poor clamping and low processing accuracy in the prior art are solved, and an efficient and accurate processing process is achieved, and product quality and production efficiency are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520877940.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-05-07
AI Technical Summary
When processing the disc cavity of the rail freight train pillow, the prior art has problems such as inaccurate positioning, insecure clamping, and low processing accuracy, resulting in unstable product quality and high operating safety risks.
A general processing tool for the circular cavity of the rocking pillow for railway freight trains is designed, using components such as tool base plate, positioning block, support pad, fixing stud and fastening bolts. Through three-way positioning and two-way fixing, stable clamping and high-precision processing of the rocking pillow are achieved.
It improves the processing efficiency of the pillow disc cavity, reduces labor intensity, ensures processing accuracy, improves product quality, reduces production costs, and enhances the versatility and production efficiency of the tooling.
Smart Images
Figure CN222986371U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of bolster processing tools, and particularly relates to a general processing tool for a disc cavity of a bolster of a railway freight train. Background Art
[0002] The bolster is one of the key components of the bogie of a railway freight train. It is large in volume, heavy in weight, complex in structure, and has very high processing accuracy requirements. Moreover, due to its irregular shape, it is extremely difficult to position and clamp the whole during the processing. It often causes the phenomenon that the dimensional accuracy or position accuracy exceeds the standard due to inaccurate positioning or insecure clamping, which may lead to poor fitting when the bolster is assembled with other components, posing a potential safety hazard to the operation of the railway freight train. In the structure of some types of bolsters, as Figure 1 shown, there is a disc cavity 20 provided. The disc cavity 20 is a very important specific structure for the connection between the bolster and other components. This structural part is not only the load-bearing area of the vehicle's vertical load but also the central support point for the adaptive rotation of the bolster relative to the car body. Therefore, in the processing and production of the bolster, there are very high precision requirements for the disc cavity 20, and the quality of its precision is directly related to the running safety, smoothness, and reliability of the train. In the current production, the processing technology method for the disc cavity 20 is that first, workers manually draw alignment lines and processing lines on the bolster casting blank in sequence, and then use a boring machine to align according to the alignment lines and perform processing according to the processing lines. Obviously, in this processing method, the scribing process takes a long time, has a large working intensity, high labor costs, and the processing process needs to be frequently replaced due to the poor versatility of the existing tooling, the operation procedure is complicated, the labor intensity increases, the processing efficiency decreases, and moreover, due to the low firmness and reliability of the clamping and fixing of the casting blank by the existing tooling, and the need to manually position the workpiece and feed for processing, both the vibration influence of the tooling workpiece and the operation error of the staff will directly cause a significant reduction in the processing accuracy, seriously affecting the product quality of the bolster. The existing processing method for the disc cavity of the railway freight train bolster can no longer meet the current production requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the processing method for the disc cavity of the railway freight train bolster, research and develop a general tooling specifically for the processing of the disc cavity of the bolster, solve the existing technical problems, and provide a fundamental guarantee for the production quality of the railway freight train bolster. Content of the Utility Model
[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a general processing tool for a disc cavity of a railway freight train bolster, improve the processing efficiency of the disc cavity of the bolster, reduce the labor intensity, and ensure the processing accuracy.
[0004] A general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train, comprising: a tooling base plate, a left positioning block, a right positioning block, a rear positioning seat, a support cushion block, a fixing stud and a fastening bolt; the tooling base plate is a flat plate body, which can be installed on the processing station of a machining equipment in a matching manner, corresponding to the bolster structure, and the left positioning block, the right positioning block, the rear positioning seat, the support cushion block and the fixing stud are arranged and installed on the upper end face of the tooling base plate; wherein: the left positioning block and the right positioning block are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the tooling base plate, the back sides of the left positioning block and the right positioning block respectively correspond to the front end faces of the side bearing boxes on the left and right sides of the bolster, a lateral positioning stop is arranged on the outer end of the left positioning block or the right positioning block, and the inner side face of the lateral positioning stop corresponds to the side stop face of the corresponding side bearing box on the bolster, and can be correspondingly matched to limit and position the bolster in the transverse direction, the rear positioning seat is arranged at the rear side of the tooling base plate, a horizontally arranged fastening bolt is threadedly matched and installed on the rear positioning seat, the fastening bolt is vertically corresponding to the back face of the bolster, screwing the fastening bolt into the rear positioning seat can make the front end head abut against the back face of the bolster, and the fastening bolt can be correspondingly matched with the left positioning block and the right positioning block to clamp and fix the bolster longitudinally, at least 2 support cushion blocks and at least 2 fixing studs are respectively arranged in the middle of the tooling base plate, the support cushion blocks respectively correspond to the side walls of the bolster on the corresponding sides, and can balance and support the bolster at the bottom, the fixing studs respectively correspond to the pull rod holes on the bolster and are respectively perpendicular to the tooling base plate and pass through the pull rod holes, a fastening nut and a bearing plate are successively arranged and installed on the upper end of the fixing stud, the fastening nut is threadedly connected to the fixing stud, the bearing plate is sleeved on the fixing stud below the fastening nut, and screwing the fastening nut downwards can make the bearing plate press against the bolster, and corresponding to the support cushion block, the bolster is fixed on the tooling base plate in the vertical direction.
[0005] The general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of the railway freight train further comprises: a support base and an adjusting bolt, the support base and 2 support cushion blocks are correspondingly arranged in the middle of the tooling base plate, a vertically arranged adjusting bolt is threadedly matched and installed on the support base, the upper end head of the adjusting bolt can be mutually matched with the 2 support cushion blocks to balance and support the bolster, and rotating the adjusting bolt can adjust the support height of the bolster, so as to adjust the horizontal setting state of the bolster.
[0006] For the general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train, preferably, a radially penetrating wrench hole is provided at the upper end of the adjusting bolt, and a wrench rod with a diameter corresponding to the aperture of the wrench hole is equipped. When the adjusting bolt is in a state of bearing and supporting the bolster, the wrench rod can be inserted into the wrench hole to turn the adjusting bolt, realizing the dynamic adjustment of the supporting height of the adjusting bolt and improving the adjustment efficiency of the horizontal setting state of the bolster during the clamping process.
[0007] For the general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train, preferably, the left positioning block, the right positioning block, the rear positioning seat, the support cushion block, the fixing stud and the support base are all detachably connected to the tooling bottom plate. The setting positions of the left positioning block, the right positioning block, the rear positioning seat, the support cushion block, the fixing stud or the support base on the tooling bottom plate can be adjusted purposefully to meet the processing requirements of bolsters of different models and specifications, improving the versatility of the tooling in production and use.
[0008] For the general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train, preferably, the bearing plate is an inserted plate structure with a U-shaped slot. The width of the U-shaped slot corresponds to the diameter of the fixing stud. The bearing plate can be sleeved on the fixing stud in an inserted manner without disassembling the fastening nut, and cooperate with the fastening nut to realize the function of pressing and fixing the bolster, further improving the use efficiency of the tooling.
[0009] For the general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train, preferably, reinforcing rib plates are installed on the lower end surface of the tooling bottom plate to enhance the structural strength of the tooling bottom plate on the basis of effectively controlling the increase in the thickness and weight of the tooling bottom plate, minimizing the labor intensity of workers and improving the processing and production efficiency while ensuring the reliability and safety of the production application of the tooling bottom plate.
[0010] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a general processing tooling for the disc cavity of a railway freight train bolster. Through the standardized design of positioning components such as the left and right positioning blocks, support pads, support bases, and lateral positioning stops, as well as limiting components such as the rear positioning seat and fixing studs, and by using each positioning component to cooperate with the front end face of the side bearing box, the bolster side wall, and the side stop surface of the side bearing box on the bolster for three-way positioning respectively, and using each limiting component to fix the bolster bidirectionally, it can be realized that the bolster can be clamped and positioned once and then the disc cavity can be bored on a boring machine. In actual production, it can completely replace the production method of pre-drawing lines and machining according to the lines in the prior art, saving the scribing process, avoiding the operation errors of manual scribing and line-aligned machining, significantly reducing the labor intensity of workers, improving the processing production efficiency, and improving the machining accuracy of products. At the same time, for bolsters of different specifications and models, only by adjusting the installation positions of each positioning component on the tooling base plate can the processing requirements be met, which has very broad production versatility, can effectively save production costs, reduce production investment, and further improve production efficiency in production. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0011] Figure 1 It is the front view of the bolster of the railway freight train.
[0012] Figure 2 It is the top view of the bolster of the railway freight train.
[0013] Figure 3 It is the front view of the general processing tooling for the disc cavity of the disc-type bolster of the railway freight train.
[0014] Figure 4 It is the top view of the general processing tooling for the disc cavity of the disc-type bolster of the railway freight train.
[0015] Figure 5 It is the right view of the general processing tooling for the disc cavity of the disc-type bolster of the railway freight train.
[0016] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 The partial enlarged sectional view at position I in
[0017] Wherein: 1 is the tooling base plate, 2 is the left positioning block, 3 is the right positioning block, 4 is the rear positioning seat, 5 is the support pad, 6 is the fixing stud, 7 is the fastening bolt, 8 is the support base, 9 is the adjusting bolt, 10 is the stiffening rib plate, 11 is the lateral positioning stop, 12 is the fastening nut, 13 is the bearing plate, 14 is the turning hole, 15 is the front end face of the side bearing box, 16 is the side stop surface of the side bearing box, 17 is the back face of the bolster, 18 is the bolster side wall, 19 is the pull rod hole, 20 is the disc cavity, 21 is the standard connection hole, 22 is the bolster. Detailed Embodiment
[0018] Furthermore, in combination with specific embodiments and their accompanying drawings, a detailed description of the technical solution claimed by the present utility model will be given.
[0019] A general processing tooling for the disc cavity of the bolster of a railway freight train, as Figures 3 to 6 shown, is composed of a tooling base plate 1, a left positioning block 2, a right positioning block 3, a rear positioning seat 4, a support pad 5, a fixing stud 6, a fastening bolt 7, a support base 8, an adjusting bolt 9 and a reinforcing rib plate 10.
[0020] The tooling base plate 1 is a rectangular plate body matching the processing workbench of a boring machine for processing. Standard connection holes 21 for connecting with the processing workbench are provided on the plate surface. Reinforcing rib plates 10 are respectively installed on the lower end plate surfaces of both side ends to enhance the structural strength of the tooling base plate 1; the left positioning block 2 and the right positioning block 3 are respectively arranged and installed on the left and right sides of the front edge of the upper end plate surface of the tooling base plate 1. The back surfaces of the left positioning block 2 and the right positioning block 3 are both limiting planes. A lateral positioning stop 11 is also provided on the right positioning block 3, and the inner surface of the lateral positioning stop 11 is a limiting plane; the rear positioning seat 4 is arranged and installed on the rear edge of the tooling base plate 1. A horizontally and longitudinally arranged fastening bolt 7 is threadedly fitted and installed on the rear positioning seat 4. The fastening bolt 7 can be screwed in or out relative to the rear positioning seat 4, and the front end head is a fastening spherical surface; one support base 8, two support pads 5 and two fixing studs 6 are respectively arranged in the middle of the tooling base plate 1. A vertically arranged adjusting bolt 9 is threadedly fitted and installed on the support base 8. Two mutually perpendicular radially penetrating wrench holes 14 are provided on the upper end head of the adjusting bolt 9 and are equipped with a wrench rod. The adjusting bolt 9 and the two support pads 5 form a balanced support base for the bolster 22. The two fixing studs 6 are vertically installed on the tooling base plate 1 by threaded fit and can correspondingly pass through the pull rod holes 19 on the bolster 22, and a fastening nut 12 is threadedly fitted and assembled on the upper end. At the same time, a bearing plate 13 in the shape of a U-shaped plug plate structure is also equipped.
[0021] In production, when using the general processing tooling for the disc cavity of the bolster of a railway freight train described in this embodiment to perform boring processing on the disc cavity 20 on the bolster of a railway freight train as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the specific method is as follows:
[0022] Step 1. Adjust the positions of the left positioning block 2, the right positioning block 3, the rear positioning seat 4, the support pad 5, the fixing stud 6 and the support base 8 on the tooling base plate 1 according to the model specifications of the bolster 22 to be processed and fix them on the tooling base plate 1;
[0023] Step 2. Position the general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of the railway freight train on the processing workbench of the boring machine. Use the connecting bolts to install the general processing tooling for the bolster disc cavity of the railway freight train on the processing workbench through the standard connecting holes 21 opened on the tooling bottom plate 1. At the same time, adjust and position the tool bit of the boring cutter of the boring machine according to the model and specification of the bolster 22 to be processed.
[0024] Step 3. Lift the bolster 22 to be processed to the processing area of the boring machine and align it with the processing workbench. Slowly lower the bolster 22 with the right positioning block 3 as the reference, so that the side bearing box side surface 16 on one side of the bolster 22 stably abuts against the inner side surface of the lateral positioning stop 11 and at the same time place the bolster 22 on the tooling bottom plate 1. Horizontally limit and position the bolster 22 through the lateral positioning stop 11, so that the front end faces 15 of the side bearing boxes on the left and right sides of the bolster 22 respectively abut against the back side surfaces of the left positioning block 2 and the right positioning block 3. The 2 fixing studs 6 respectively pass through the pull rod holes 19 on the bolster 22, and use the adjusting bolt 9 and the 2 support pads 5 to stably support the lower end bolster side wall 18 of the bolster 22 and stably carry the bolster 22.
[0025] Step 4. Check the horizontal setting state of the bolster 22. If necessary, use the turning rod to turn the adjusting bolt 9 through the turning hole 14 to adjust the horizontal state of the bolster 22. Then screw in the fastening bolt 7 so that the front end of the fastening bolt 7 abuts against the back surface of the bolster 17 of the bolster 22, and lock and fix the bolster 22 longitudinally in the reverse direction. At the same time, insert the bearing plates 13 respectively below the fastening nuts 12 on the fixing studs 6, and alternately screw in the 2 fastening nuts 12 until tightened, so that the 2 bearing plates 13 respectively press against the bolster side walls 18 at the lower end of the bolster 22, and lock and fix the bolster 22 in the vertical direction.
[0026] Step 5. Start the boring machine and bore the disc cavity 20 on the bolster 22.
[0027] After the processing is completed, turn off the boring machine. Then, loosen the fastening nuts 12 and the fastening bolts 7 in sequence, release the locking and fixing states of the bolster 22 longitudinally and vertically respectively, remove the bearing plates 13 from the fixing studs 6. Finally, lift and move the bolster 22 with the processed disc cavity 20 out of the processing workbench, thus completing the boring processing of one bolster 22. After that, turn to Step 3 to process the next bolster 22, and cycle in sequence until the boring processing of all the bolsters 22 is completed.
Claims
1. A universal processing tool for the cavity of a railway freight train bolster disc, characterized in that: include: A tooling base plate (1), a left positioning block (2), a right positioning block (3), a rear positioning seat (4), a support pad (5), a fixing stud (6), and a fastening bolt (7); the tooling base plate (1) is a flat plate body, and the left positioning block (2), the right positioning block (3), the rear positioning seat (4), the support pad (5), and the fixing stud (6) are arranged and installed on the upper end plate surface of the tooling base plate (1); wherein: the left positioning block (2) and the right positioning block (3) are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the tooling base plate (1), and the back sides of the left positioning block (2) and the right positioning block (3) are respectively connected to the bolster ( 22) The front end surfaces (15) of the side bearing boxes on the left and right sides correspond to each other, and a lateral positioning block (11) is provided on the outer side end of the left positioning block (2) or the right positioning block (3), and the inner side surface of the lateral positioning block (11) corresponds to the side bearing box side block surface (16) on the corresponding side of the bolster (22), and can be used to correspondingly cooperate to implement limited positioning of the bolster (22) in the lateral direction, and the rear positioning seat (4) is provided on the rear side of the tooling bottom plate (1), and the horizontally arranged fastening bolt (7) is threadedly installed on the rear positioning seat (4), and the fastening bolt (7) corresponds vertically to the back surface (17) of the bolster, Screwing the fastening bolt (7) relative to the rear positioning seat (4) can make the front end of the fastening bolt abut against the back surface (17) of the bolster. The fastening bolt (7) can cooperate with the left positioning block (2) and the right positioning block (3) to clamp and fix the bolster (22) in the longitudinal direction. At least two support pads (5) and at least two fixing studs (6) are respectively arranged in the middle of the tooling bottom plate (1). The support pads (5) correspond to the bolster side walls (18) on the corresponding sides, respectively, and can support the bolster (22) in a balanced manner at the bottom. The fixing studs (6) are respectively connected to the pull rod holes (18) on the bolster (22). 9) correspond to each other and pass through the pull rod hole (19) perpendicularly to the tooling base plate (1), and a fastening nut (12) and a pressure plate (13) are sequentially arranged on the upper end of the fixing stud (6), the fastening nut (12) is threadedly connected to the fixing stud (6), and the pressure plate (13) is sleeved on the fixing stud (6) at the lower part of the fastening nut (12), and the fastening nut (12) is screwed downward to make the pressure plate (13) press against the rocking pillow (22), and cooperate with the supporting pad (5) to fix the rocking pillow (22) on the tooling base plate (1) in the vertical direction.
2. A universal processing tool for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises: a support base (8) and an adjusting bolt (9), wherein the support base (8) and the two supporting pads (5) are arranged in the middle of the tooling base plate (1) in correspondence, and the adjusting bolt (9) arranged vertically is threadedly mounted on the support base (8), and the upper end of the adjusting bolt (9) can cooperate with the two supporting pads (5) to balance and support the bolster (22), and the adjusting bolt (9) can be rotated to adjust the support height of the bolster (22).
3. A universal processing tool for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the adjusting bolt (9) is provided with a radially penetrating turning hole (14) and is equipped with a turning rod having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the turning hole (14).
4. A universal processing tool for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The left positioning block (2), the right positioning block (3), the rear positioning seat (4), the supporting pad (5), the fixing stud (6) and the supporting base (8) are all detachably connected to the tooling base plate (1).
5. A universal processing tool for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure plate (13) is a plug-in plate structure with a U-shaped slot, the width of the U-shaped slot corresponds to the diameter of the fixing stud (6), and the pressure plate (13) can be inserted onto the fixing stud (6) without removing the fastening nut (12).
6. A universal processing tool for the bolster disc cavity of a railway freight train as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A reinforcing rib plate (10) is installed on the lower end plate surface of the tooling bottom plate (1).